1
|
Lu Q, Liu X, Zhang M, An Z. Revealing the Role of Dynamic and Static Disorder on Charge-Transfer-State Absorption in Polymer Solar Cells. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5500-5505. [PMID: 38776125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
In polymer solar cells (PSCs), charge-transfer (CT) state absorption plays an important role in evaluating the CT-state energy and energy loss. However, due to the disordered nature of polymers, a comprehensive understanding of CT absorption properties remains elusive. Especially, the dominant role of dynamic and static disorder in determining CT absorption is frequently debated. Herein, we theoretically constructed an organic donor-acceptor model to investigate the impact of these two types of disorders on CT absorption properties. It is demonstrated that the CT absorption properties depend significantly on the type of disorder. Specifically, it is found that dynamic disorder has a more significant impact on the peak and position of CT absorption as well as the broadening properties, compared to static disorder. The study indicates that minimizing dynamic disorder can lead to a reduction in overall disorder, which is beneficial for improving the performance of PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Lu
- College of Physics and Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- College of Physics and Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Maomao Zhang
- College of Physics and Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Zhong An
- College of Physics and Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sahoo SR, Patterson CH. Spectroscopic Identification of the Charge Transfer State in Thiophene/Fullerene Heterojunctions: Electroabsorption Spectroscopy from GW/BSE Calculations. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:15928-15942. [PMID: 37609383 PMCID: PMC10440814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c03734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Creation of charge transfer (CT) states in bulk heterojunction systems such as C60/polymer blends is an important intermediate step in the creation of carriers in organic photovoltaic systems. CT states generally have small oscillator strengths in linear optical absorption spectroscopy owing to limited spatial overlap of electron and hole wave functions in the CT excited state. Electroabsorption spectroscopy (EA) exploits changes in wave function character of CT states in response to static electric fields to enhance detection of CT states via nonlinear optical absorption spectroscopies. A 4 × 4 model Hamiltonian is used to derive splittings of even and odd Frenkel (FR) excited states and changes in wave function character of CT excited states in an external electric field. These are used to explain why FR and CT states yield EA lineshapes which are first and second derivatives of the linear optical absorption spectrum. The model is applied to ammonia-borane molecules and pairs of molecules with large and small B-N separations and CT or FR excited states. EA spectra are obtained from differences in linear optical absorption spectra in the presence or absence of a static electric field and from perturbative sum over states (SOS) configuration interaction singles χ(2) and χ(3) nonlinear susceptibility calculations. Good agreement is found between finite field (FF) and SOS methods at field strengths similar to those used in EA experiments. EA spectra of three C60/oligothiophene complexes are calculated using the SOS method combined with GW/BSE methods. For these C60/oligothiophene complexes, we find several CT states in a narrow energy range in which charge transfer from the thiophene HOMO level to several closely spaced C60 acceptor levels yields an EA signal around 10% of the signal from oligothiophene.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kaiser C, Sandberg OJ, Zarrabi N, Li W, Meredith P, Armin A. A universal Urbach rule for disordered organic semiconductors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3988. [PMID: 34183659 PMCID: PMC8238995 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In crystalline semiconductors, absorption onset sharpness is characterized by temperature-dependent Urbach energies. These energies quantify the static, structural disorder causing localized exponential-tail states, and dynamic disorder from electron-phonon scattering. Applicability of this exponential-tail model to disordered solids has been long debated. Nonetheless, exponential fittings are routinely applied to sub-gap absorption analysis of organic semiconductors. Herein, we elucidate the sub-gap spectral line-shapes of organic semiconductors and their blends by temperature-dependent quantum efficiency measurements. We find that sub-gap absorption due to singlet excitons is universally dominated by thermal broadening at low photon energies and the associated Urbach energy equals the thermal energy, regardless of static disorder. This is consistent with absorptions obtained from a convolution of Gaussian density of excitonic states weighted by Boltzmann-like thermally activated optical transitions. A simple model is presented that explains absorption line-shapes of disordered systems, and we also provide a strategy to determine the excitonic disorder energy. Our findings elaborate the meaning of the Urbach energy in molecular solids and relate the photo-physics to static disorder, crucial for optimizing organic solar cells for which we present a revisited radiative open-circuit voltage limit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kaiser
- grid.4827.90000 0001 0658 8800Sustainable Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Oskar J. Sandberg
- grid.4827.90000 0001 0658 8800Sustainable Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Nasim Zarrabi
- grid.4827.90000 0001 0658 8800Sustainable Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Wei Li
- grid.4827.90000 0001 0658 8800Sustainable Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Paul Meredith
- grid.4827.90000 0001 0658 8800Sustainable Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Ardalan Armin
- grid.4827.90000 0001 0658 8800Sustainable Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Das S, Fiedler J, Stauffert O, Walter M, Buhmann SY, Presselt M. Macroscopic quantum electrodynamics and density functional theory approaches to dispersion interactions between fullerenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:23295-23306. [PMID: 33034333 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02863k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The processing and material properties of commercial organic semiconductors, for e.g. fullerenes is largely controlled by their precise arrangements, specially intermolecular symmetries, distances and orientations, more specifically, molecular polarisabilities. These supramolecular parameters heavily influence their electronic structure, thereby determining molecular photophysics and therefore dictating their usability as n-type semiconductors. In this article we evaluate van der Waals potentials of a fullerene dimer model system using two approaches: (a) Density Functional Theory and, (b) Macroscopic Quantum Electrodynamics, which is particularly suited for describing long-range van der Waals interactions. Essentially, we determine and explain the model symmetry, distance and rotational dependencies on binding energies and spectral changes. The resultant spectral tuning is compared using both methods showing correspondence within the constraints placed by the different model assumptions. We envision that the application of macroscopic methods and structure/property relationships laid forward in this article will find use in fundamental supramolecular electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saunak Das
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany. and Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany and Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Johannes Fiedler
- Institute of Physics, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. and Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1048 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Oliver Stauffert
- Institute of Physics, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Walter
- Institute of Physics, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. and FIT Freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany and Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany and Frauenhofer IWM, MikroTribologie Centrum μTC, Wöhlerstrasse 11, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Yoshi Buhmann
- Institute of Physics, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Presselt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany. and Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany and Sciclus GmbH & Co. KG, Moritz-von-Rohr-Str. 1a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Srivastava SB, Melikov R, Yildiz E, Han M, Sahin A, Nizamoglu S. Efficient photocapacitors via ternary hybrid photovoltaic optimization for photostimulation of neurons. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:5237-5248. [PMID: 33014611 PMCID: PMC7510852 DOI: 10.1364/boe.396068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic photoelectrodes based on capacitive charge-transfer offer an attractive route to develop safe and effective neuromodulators. Here, we demonstrate efficient optoelectronic photoelectrodes that are based on the incorporation of quantum dots (QDs) into poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and [6,6]-Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) bulk heterojunction. We control the performance of the photoelectrode by the blend ratio, thickness, and nanomorphology of the ternary bulk heterojunction. The optimization led to a photocapacitor that has a photovoltage of 450 mV under a light intensity level of 20 mW.cm-2 and a responsivity of 99 mA/W corresponding to the most light-sensitive organic photoelectrode reported to date. The photocapacitor can facilitate action potential generation by hippocampal neurons via burst waveforms at an intensity level of 20 mW.cm-2. Therefore, the results point to an alternative direction in the engineering of safe and ultra-light-sensitive neural interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rustamzhon Melikov
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Erdost Yildiz
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Mertcan Han
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Afsun Sahin
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Sedat Nizamoglu
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang M, Lu Q, Qu F, Gao K. Sub-bandgap photoexcited dynamics at an organic donor/acceptor photovoltaic interface. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:4492-4495. [PMID: 32796990 DOI: 10.1364/ol.398771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although sub-bandgap light absorption signals in organic donor/acceptor (D/A) photovoltaic systems have been studied extensively, the underlying origins, as well as the impacting factors, are still elusive. By theoretically constructing an organic D/A interface under a femtosecond electric pulse pumping, we obtain an insightful understanding of this issue. First, a careful comparison between the absorption spectra of the D/A interface and the individual donor (acceptor) demonstrates the existence of two weak absorption signals below the donor (acceptor) optical gap. Furthermore, we clarify that the lower-energy signal originates from "cold" charge transfer (CT) absorption, while the higher-energy signal is from "hot" CT absorption. Finally, effects of several key factors, such as the interface structure and the photoexciting condition, on CT absorptions are discussed. These findings should be of vital importance both to understand the sub-bandgap excited states and to recognize their roles in organic photovoltaic devices.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yan B, Chen L, Wang H, Li J, Zhao J, Huang W. The interface effect between ZIXLIB crystal surface and C60: Strong charge-transfer (CT) vs weak CT state. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
8
|
Hupfer ML, Kaufmann M, May S, Preiß J, Weiß D, Dietzek B, Beckert R, Presselt M. Enhancing the supramolecular stability of monolayers by combining dipolar with amphiphilic motifs: a case of amphiphilic push-pull-thiazole. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13241-13247. [PMID: 31180395 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02013f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Equipping a thiazole dye with push and pull moieties adds dipolar intermolecular interactions and two hydrophilic anchors to a centrally anchored π-stacking and otherwise mono-amphiphilic dye. We show that, despite the resulting irregular shape of the tripodal amphiphile, the enhanced intermolecular interactions and amphiphilicity yield smooth and stable thin films. Furthermore, we present a first approach for deriving supramolecular binding energies from the Langmuir-Blodgett hysteresis data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Hupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Becker-Koch D, Rivkin B, Paulus F, Xiang H, Dong Y, Chen Z, Bakulin AA, Vaynzof Y. Probing charge transfer states at organic and hybrid internal interfaces by photothermal deflection spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:124001. [PMID: 30572317 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aafa4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In organic and hybrid photovoltaic devices, the asymmetry required for charge separation necessitates the use of a donor and an acceptor material, resulting in the formation of internal interfaces in the device active layer. While the core objective of these interfaces is to facilitate charge separation, bound states between electrons and holes may form across them, resulting in a loss mechanism that diminishes the performance of the solar cells. These interfacial transitions appear in organic systems as charge transfer (CT) states and as bound charge pairs (BCP) in hybrid systems. Despite being similar, the latter are far less investigated. Herein, we employ photothermal deflection spectroscopy and pump-push-probe experiments in order to determine the characteristics and dynamics of interfacial states in two model systems: an organic P3HT:PCBM and hybrid P3HT:ZnO photovoltaic layer. By controlling the area of the internal interface, we identify CT states between 1.4 eV and 1.8 eV in the organic bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) and BCP between 1.1 eV and 1.4 eV in the hybrid BHJ. The energetic distribution of these states suggests that they not only contribute to losses in photocurrent, but also significantly limit the possible maximum open circuit voltage obtainable from these devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Becker-Koch
- Kirchhoff Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Heidelberg, Germany. Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hupfer ML, Kaufmann M, Roussille L, Preiß J, Weiß D, Hinrichs K, Deckert V, Dietzek B, Beckert R, Presselt M. Arylic versus Alkylic-Hydrophobic Linkers Determine the Supramolecular Structure and Optoelectronic Properties of Tripodal Amphiphilic Push-Pull Thiazoles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2561-2570. [PMID: 30694677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The supramolecular structures and their constituents essentially determine the optoelectronic properties of thin films. The introduction of amphiphilicity to the constituents and interface assembly is one established technique to control supramolecular structures and resulting material properties. To yield amphiphilicity, rather hydrophobic chromophores are linked to hydrophilic head groups via flexible alkyl chains. In the present work, we investigate whether replacement of the alkyl linkers by a phenylene linker, that is, replacing an electrically isolating moiety with a potentially semiconducting one, increases the conductivity through the resulting layers. After investigating the influence of the linker on molecular properties of the 2-(4- N, N-dimethylaminophenyl)-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl-1,3 thiazoles exemplarily used in this work, we produce supramolecular structures by means of the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy reveal that thin films made from the more rigid thiazole bearing the arylic linker feature a more homogeneous and stable supramolecular structure as compared to those made from the thiazole dye containing the flexible alkylic linker. Finally, conductive AFM (cAFM) results disclose that the LB films made from the thiazole bearing the π-conjugated arylic linker are less conductive than their counterparts based on the alkylic linkers. In the latter layers, the alkylic linkers provide sufficient motional degrees of freedom to allow for supramolecular rearrangement upon electrical operation during cAFM measurements, hence yielding supramolecular structures featuring increased conductivity with successive cAFM measurements. This work highlights the importance of supramolecular structures for optoelectronic properties by presenting a case where supramolecular effects excel the property changes introduced by molecular modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Hupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - M Kaufmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Humboldtstraße 10 , Jena 07743 , Germany
| | - L Roussille
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - J Preiß
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - D Weiß
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - K Hinrichs
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V. , Schwarzschildstr. 8 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - V Deckert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - B Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - R Beckert
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - M Presselt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena 07743 , Germany
- Sciclus GmbH & Co. KG , Moritz-von-Rohr Str. 1a , 07745 Jena , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hupfer ML, Kaufmann M, Preiß J, Weiß D, Beckert R, Dietzek B, Presselt M. Assembly of T-Shaped Amphiphilic Thiazoles on the Air-Water Interface: Impact of Polar Chromophore Moieties, as Well as Dipolarity and π-Extension of the Chromophore on the Supramolecular Structure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2587-2600. [PMID: 30688466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The supramolecular structure essentially determines the properties of organic thin films. In this work, we systematically investigate the influence of the chromophore on the supramolecular structure formation at air-water interfaces by means of the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Therefore, we focus on the recently introduced class of double-anchor T-shaped amphiphilic dyes, namely, 4-hydroxy-thiazole chromophores that are centrally equipped with an amphiphilicity-inducing hexanoic acid. The thiazoles contain hydrophilic subphase-anchor groups in the 2-position (4- N, N-dimethylaminophenyl (Am), 2-pyridyl (Py), and 4-nitrophenyl (Ni)), whereas the chromophores are systematically extended in the 5-position with various substituents. The combination of the Langmuir technique with online fluorescence measurements revealed that the π-π interactions that are pronounced in the case of 4-methoxybiphenyl derivatives yield the most distinct supramolecular structures. Whereas in the case of Py and Ni derivatives ordered J-type supramolecular structures in microdomains are formed, the Am derivative forms ordered supramolecular structures that are more homogeneous, which are, however, not stabilized by J-type dipolar interactions. Because of the synergetic π-π and dipolar stabilizations, the Ni derivative bearing the 4-methoxybiphenyl unit forms exceptionally stable quasi-two-dimensional Langmuir monolayers reaching very high surface pressures beyond 60 mN/m without any sign of disturbance of the Langmuir monolayer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian L Hupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Martin Kaufmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldstraße 10 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Julia Preiß
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Dieter Weiß
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldstraße 10 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Rainer Beckert
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldstraße 10 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Martin Presselt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7a , 07743 Jena , Germany
- SciClus GmbH & Co. KG , Moritz-von-Rohr-Str. 1a , 07745 Jena , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Herrmann-Westendorf F, Sachse T, Schulz M, Kaufmann M, Sivakov V, Beckert R, Martínez T, Dietzek B, Presselt M. Photoannealing of Merocyanine Aggregates. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9821-9832. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Herrmann-Westendorf
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT), Department Functional Interfaces, Albert Einstein Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Sachse
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT), Department Functional Interfaces, Albert Einstein Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Schulz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT), Department Functional Interfaces, Albert Einstein Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Kaufmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Vladimir Sivakov
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT), Department Functional Interfaces, Albert Einstein Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Rainer Beckert
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Todd Martínez
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94309, United States
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT), Department Functional Interfaces, Albert Einstein Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Presselt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT), Department Functional Interfaces, Albert Einstein Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- sciclus GmbH & Co. KG, Moritz-von-Rohr Strasse 1a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kaufmann M, Hupfer M, Sachse T, Herrmann-Westendorf F, Weiß D, Dietzek B, Beckert R, Presselt M. Introducing double polar heads to highly fluorescent Thiazoles: Influence on supramolecular structures and photonic properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 526:410-418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
14
|
Sachse T, Martínez TJ, Dietzek B, Presselt M. A program for automatically predicting supramolecular aggregates and its application to urea and porphin. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:763-772. [PMID: 29297589 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Not only the molecular structure but also the presence or absence of aggregates determines many properties of organic materials. Theoretical investigation of such aggregates requires the prediction of a suitable set of diverse structures. Here, we present the open-source program EnergyScan for the unbiased prediction of geometrically diverse sets of small aggregates. Its bottom-up approach is complementary to existing ones by performing a detailed scan of an aggregate's potential energy surface, from which diverse local energy minima are selected. We crossvalidate this approach by predicting both literature-known and heretofore unreported geometries of the urea dimer. We also predict a diverse set of dimers of the less intensely studied case of porphin, which we investigate further using quantum chemistry. For several dimers, we find strong deviations from a reference absorption spectrum, which we explain using computed transition densities. This proof of principle clearly shows that EnergyScan successfully predicts aggregates exhibiting large structural and spectral diversity. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Sachse
- Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT), Research Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Stanford University, Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California, 94025
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Martin Presselt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT), Research Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena, 07745, Germany.,SciClus GmbH & Co. KG, Moritz-von-Rohr-Straße 1a, Jena, 07745, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hupfer ML, Kaufmann M, Herrmann-Westendorf F, Sachse T, Roussille L, Feller KH, Weiß D, Deckert V, Beckert R, Dietzek B, Presselt M. On the Control of Chromophore Orientation, Supramolecular Structure, and Thermodynamic Stability of an Amphiphilic Pyridyl-Thiazol upon Lateral Compression and Spacer Length Variation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:44181-44191. [PMID: 29185335 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The supramolecular structure essentially determines the properties of organic thin films. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to understand the influence of molecular structure modifications on supramolecular structure formation. In this article, we demonstrate how to tune molecular orientations of amphiphilic 4-hydroxy thiazole derivatives by means of the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique and how this depends on the length of an alkylic spacer between the thiazole chromophore and the polar anchor group. Therefore, we characterize their corresponding supramolecular structures, thermodynamic, absorption, and fluorescence properties. Particularly, the polarization-dependence of the fluorescence is analyzed to deduce molecular orientations and their possible changes after annealing, i.e., to characterize the thermodynamic stability of the individual solid state phases. Because the investigated thiazoles are amphiphilic, the different solid state phases can be formed and be controlled by means of the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. This technique also allows to deduce atomistic supramolecular structure motives of the individual solid phases and to characterize their thermodynamic stabilities. Utilizing the LB technique, we demonstrate that subtle molecular changes, like the variation in spacer length, can yield entirely different solid state phases with distinct supramolecular structures and properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian L Hupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Kaufmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix Herrmann-Westendorf
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Sachse
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ludovic Roussille
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Feller
- FB Med Tech & Biotechnol, University of Applied Sciences Jena , 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dieter Weiß
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Deckert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Rainer Beckert
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Presselt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- SciClus GmbH & Co. KG , Moritz-von-Rohr-Str. 1a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Preiß J, Herrmann-Westendorf F, Ngo TH, Martínez T, Dietzek B, Hill JP, Ariga K, Kruk MM, Maes W, Presselt M. Absorption and Fluorescence Features of an Amphiphilic meso-Pyrimidinylcorrole: Experimental Study and Quantum Chemical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8614-8624. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Preiß
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix Herrmann-Westendorf
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thien H. Ngo
- International
Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- WPI
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Todd Martínez
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94309, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- WPI
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- WPI
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Mikalai M. Kruk
- Belarusian State Technological University, Physics
Department, Sverdlova
str. 13a, Minsk 220006, Belarus
| | - Wouter Maes
- Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), UHasselt - Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Martin Presselt
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), 07743 Jena, Germany
- Sciclus GmbH Co. KG, Moritz-von-Rohr-Straße 1a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kästner C, Vandewal K, Egbe DAM, Hoppe H. Revelation of Interfacial Energetics in Organic Multiheterojunctions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1600331. [PMID: 28435774 PMCID: PMC5396163 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Efficient charge generation via exciton dissociation in organic bulk heterojunctions necessitates donor-acceptor interfaces, e.g., between a conjugated polymer and a fullerene derivative. Furthermore, aggregation and corresponding structural order of polymer and fullerene domains result in energetic relaxations of molecular energy levels toward smaller energy gaps as compared to the situation for amorphous phases existing in homogeneously intermixed polymer:fullerene blends. Here it is shown that these molecular energy level shifts are reflected in interfacial charge transfer (CT) transitions and depending on the existence of disordered or ordered interfacial domains. It can be done so by systematically controlling the order at the donor-acceptor interface via ternary blending of semicrystalline and amorphous model polymers with a fullerene acceptor. These variations in interfacial domain order are probed with luminescence spectroscopy, yielding various transition energies due to activation of different recombination channels at the interface. Finally, it is shown that via this analysis the energy landscape at the organic heterojunction interface can be obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kästner
- Institute of PhysicsTechnische Universität IlmenauWeimarer Str. 3298693IlmenauGermany
| | - Koen Vandewal
- Institut für Angewandte PhotophysikTechnische Universität DresdenGeorge‐Bähr‐Str. 101069DresdenGermany
| | - Daniel Ayuk Mbi Egbe
- Institute of Polymeric Materials and TestingJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstr. 694040LinzAustria
| | - Harald Hoppe
- Institute of PhysicsTechnische Universität IlmenauWeimarer Str. 3298693IlmenauGermany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gampe DM, Hänsch VG, Schramm S, Menzel R, Weiß D, Beckert R. Mixing Chromophores: Donor-Acceptor Dyes with Low-Lying LUMOs and Narrow Band Gaps by Connecting 4-Alkoxythiazoles and Azaacenes. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Mario Gampe
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Veit Georg Hänsch
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Stefan Schramm
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- NYU Abu Dhabi; Saadiyat Campus; Experimental Research Building (C1); P. O. Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Roberto Menzel
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech; August-Spindler-Strasse 11 37079 Göttingen Germany
| | - Dieter Weiß
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Rainer Beckert
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gampe DM, Schramm S, Nöller F, Weiß D, Görls H, Naumov P, Beckert R. Pushing to the low limits: tetraazaanthracenes with very low-lying LUMO levels and near-infrared absorption. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:10220-10223. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05224c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we explain the extensive changes which result by transforming benzothiadiazoles to highly electron-deficient tetraazaanthracenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Mario Gampe
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Stefan Schramm
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- New York University Abu Dhabi
| | - Florian Nöller
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Dieter Weiß
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi
- Abu Dhabi
- United Arab Emirates
| | - Rainer Beckert
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Das S, Herrmann-Westendorf F, Schacher FH, Täuscher E, Ritter U, Dietzek B, Presselt M. Controlling Electronic Transitions in Fullerene van der Waals Aggregates via Supramolecular Assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21512-21521. [PMID: 27482718 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Morphologies crucially determine the optoelectronic properties of organic semiconductors. Therefore, hierarchical and supramolecular approaches have been developed for targeted design of supramolecular ensembles of organic semiconducting molecules and performance improvement of, e.g., organic solar cells (OSCs), organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). We demonstrate how the photonic properties of fullerenes change with the formation of van der Waals aggregates. We identified supramolecular structures with broadly tunable absorption in the visible spectral range and demonstrated how to form aggregates with targeted visible (vis) absorption. To control supramolecular structure formation, we functionalized the C60-backbone with polar (bis-polyethylene glycol malonate-MPEG) tails, thus yielding an amphiphilic fullerene derivative that self-assembles at interfaces. Aggregates of systematically tuned size were obtained from concentrating MPEGC60 in stearic acid matrices, while different supramolecular geometries were provoked via different thin film preparation methods, namely spin-casting and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition from an air-water interface. We demonstrated that differences in molecular orientation in LB films (C2v type point group aggregates) and spin-casting (stochastic aggregates) lead to huge changes in electronic absorption spectra due to symmetry and orientation reasons. These differences in the supramolecular structures, causing the different photonic properties of spin-cast and LB films, could be identified by means of quantum chemical calculations. Employing supramolecular assembly, we propounded that molecular symmetry in fullerene aggregates is extremely important in controlling vis absorption to harvest photons efficiently, when mixed with a donor molecule, thus improving active layer design and performance of OSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saunak Das
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix Herrmann-Westendorf
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix H Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstraße 10, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Eric Täuscher
- Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau University of Technology , D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Uwe Ritter
- Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau University of Technology , D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Presselt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vella E, Li H, Grégoire P, Tuladhar SM, Vezie MS, Few S, Bazán CM, Nelson J, Silva-Acuña C, Bittner ER. Ultrafast decoherence dynamics govern photocarrier generation efficiencies in polymer solar cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29437. [PMID: 27412119 PMCID: PMC4944175 DOI: 10.1038/srep29437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
All-organic-based photovoltaic solar cells have attracted considerable attention because of their low-cost processing and short energy payback time. In such systems the primary dissociation of an optical excitation into a pair of photocarriers has been recently shown to be extremely rapid and efficient, but the physical reason for this remains unclear. Here, two-dimensional photocurrent excitation spectroscopy, a novel non-linear optical spectroscopy, is used to probe the ultrafast coherent decay of photoexcitations into charge-producing states in a polymer:fullerene based solar cell. The two-dimensional photocurrent spectra are interpreted by introducing a theoretical model for the description of the coupling of the electronic states of the system to an external environment and to the applied laser fields. The experimental data show no cross-peaks in the twodimensional photocurrent spectra, as predicted by the model for coherence times between the exciton and the photocurrent producing states of 20 fs or less.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Vella
- Department of Physics and Regroupement québécois sur les matériaux de pointe, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Pascal Grégoire
- Department of Physics and Regroupement québécois sur les matériaux de pointe, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sachetan M. Tuladhar
- Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle S. Vezie
- Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sheridan Few
- Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia M. Bazán
- Department of Physics and Regroupement québécois sur les matériaux de pointe, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Silva-Acuña
- Department of Physics and Regroupement québécois sur les matériaux de pointe, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Eric R. Bittner
- Department of Physics and Regroupement québécois sur les matériaux de pointe, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zheng Z, Brédas JL, Coropceanu V. Description of the Charge Transfer States at the Pentacene/C60 Interface: Combining Range-Separated Hybrid Functionals with the Polarizable Continuum Model. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2616-2621. [PMID: 27338105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) approaches based on range-separated hybrid functionals are currently methods of choice for the description of the charge-transfer (CT) states in organic donor/acceptor solar cells. However, these calculations are usually performed on small-size donor/acceptor complexes and as result do not account for electronic polarization effects. Here, using a pentacene/C60 complex as a model system, we discuss the ability of long-range corrected (LCR) hybrid functionals in combination with the polarizable continuum model (PCM) to determine the impact of the solid-state environment on the CT states. The CT energies are found to be insensitive to the interactions with the dielectric medium when a conventional time-dependent DFT/PCM (TDDFT/PCM) approach is used. However, a decrease in the energy of the CT state in the framework of LRC functionals can be obtained by using a smaller range-separated parameter when going from an isolated donor/acceptor complex to the solid-state case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Veaceslav Coropceanu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fischer S, Vestfrid J, Mahammed A, Herrmann-Westendorf F, Schulz M, Müller J, Kiesewetter O, Dietzek B, Gross Z, Presselt M. Photometric Detection of Nitric Oxide Using a Dissolved Iron(III) Corrole as a Sensitizer. Chempluschem 2016; 81:594-603. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201500553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Fischer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT); Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Jenya Vestfrid
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Atif Mahammed
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Felix Herrmann-Westendorf
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT); Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Martin Schulz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT); Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Jürgen Müller
- UST Umweltsensortechnik GmbH; Dieselstrasse 2 and 4 98716 Geschwenda Germany
| | - Olaf Kiesewetter
- UST Umweltsensortechnik GmbH; Dieselstrasse 2 and 4 98716 Geschwenda Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT); Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Martin Presselt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT); Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9 07745 Jena Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gampe DM, Schramm S, Kaufmann M, Görls H, Beckert R. N-Phenylfluorubine: one functional dye – chromophor, fluorophor, electron-acceptor and more. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02544g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new functional dye named:N-phenylfluorubine, is designed and characterized. It shows outstanding and tunable photo- and electrochemical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Gampe
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - S. Schramm
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - M. Kaufmann
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - H. Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - R. Beckert
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rodríguez JI, Matta CF, Uribe EA, Götz AW, Castillo-Alvarado F, Molina-Brito B. A QTAIM topological analysis of the P3HTPCBM dimer. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
26
|
Beenken W, Maes W, Kruk M, Martínez T, Presselt M. Origin of the Individual Basicity of Corrole NH-Tautomers: A Quantum Chemical Study on Molecular Structure and Dynamics, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6875-83. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b02869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wichard Beenken
- Institute of Physics, Ilmenau University of Technology, P.O.
Box 100565, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Wouter Maes
- Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Universitaire Campus, Agoralaan 1 - Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Mikalai Kruk
- Physics
Department, Belarusian State Technological University, Sverdlova
str. 13a, Minsk 220006 Belarus
| | - Todd Martínez
- Department
of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Martin Presselt
- Institute of Physics, Ilmenau University of Technology, P.O.
Box 100565, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg
4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Preiß J, Jäger M, Rau S, Dietzek B, Popp J, Martínez T, Presselt M. How Does Peripheral Functionalization of Ruthenium(II)-Terpyridine Complexes Affect Spatial Charge Redistribution after Photoexcitation at the Franck-Condon Point? Chemphyschem 2015; 16:1395-404. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
28
|
Gampe DM, Kaufmann M, Jakobi D, Sachse T, Presselt M, Beckert R, Görls H. Stable and Easily Accessible Functional Dyes: Dihydrotetraazaanthracenes as Versatile Precursors for Higher Acenes. Chemistry 2015; 21:7571-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
29
|
Presselt M, Dehaen W, Maes W, Klamt A, Martínez T, Beenken WJD, Kruk M. Quantum chemical insights into the dependence of porphyrin basicity on the meso-aryl substituents: thermodynamics, buckling, reaction sites and molecular flexibility. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:14096-106. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01808k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The chemical and sensing properties of porphyrins are frequently tunedviathe introduction of peripheral substituents. Their interaction with the porphyrin core is investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Presselt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry and PULSE Institute
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Wouter Maes
- Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS)
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC)
- Hasselt University
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Andreas Klamt
- COSMOlogic GmbH&COKG
- 51379 Leverkusen
- Germany
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
| | - Todd Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and PULSE Institute
- Stanford University
- California 94305
- USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
| | | | - Mikalai Kruk
- Belarusian State Technological University
- Physics Department
- Minsk 220050
- Belarus
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li SB, Duan YA, Geng Y, Li HB, Zhang JZ, Xu HL, Zhang M, Su ZM. A designed bithiopheneimide-based conjugated polymer for organic photovoltaic with ultrafast charge transfer at donor/PC71BM interface: theoretical study and characterization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:25799-808. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03022b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
31
|
Falke SM, Rozzi CA, Brida D, Maiuri M, Amato M, Sommer E, De Sio A, Rubio A, Cerullo G, Molinari E, Lienau C. Coherent ultrafast charge transfer in an organic photovoltaic blend. Science 2014; 344:1001-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1249771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
32
|
Presselt M, Wojdyr M, Beenken WJ, Kruk M, Martínez TJ. Steric and electronic contributions to the core reactivity of monoprotonated 5-phenylporphyrin: A DFT study. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|