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Kaja S, Mathews AV, Nag A. Dual-functional nano-photosensitizers: Eosin-Y decorated gold nanorods for plasmon-enhanced fluorescence and singlet oxygen generation. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12417-12427. [PMID: 38633485 PMCID: PMC11022186 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01551g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Photosensitizer (PS) with enhanced fluorescence is attractive for image-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to its dual functional role in Singlet Oxygen Generation (SOG) and producing high fluorescence signals. Here, Eosin-Y (Ey) decorated polymer coated gold nanorods (GNRs) of different aspect ratios are synthesized and introduced as novel plasmon-enhanced nano-photosensitizers for this purpose. We show, upon excitation at 519 nm, simultaneous enhancement in fluorescence and SOG was achieved for the hybrid nanostructure. The best enhancement factors of 110 and 18 for metal-enhanced fluorescence and metal-enhanced SOG, respectively, are obtained with GNRs of length 133 nm and width 45 nm, where Ey is positioned at 12.6 nm from the metal core using layer-by-layer assembly of oppositely charged polymers. The observed plasmonic effect is critically analysed by comparing the near field damping rate along with decay length, far field scattering and nonradiative energy transfer of the nanohybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravani Kaja
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus Hyderabad 500078 India
| | - Ashin Varghese Mathews
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus Hyderabad 500078 India
| | - Amit Nag
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus Hyderabad 500078 India
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2
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Hong D, Jo EJ, Bang D, Jung C, Lee YE, Noh YS, Shin MG, Kim MG. Plasmonic Approach to Fluorescence Enhancement of Mesoporous Silica-Coated Gold Nanorods for Highly Sensitive Influenza A Virus Detection Using Lateral Flow Immunosensor. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16607-16619. [PMID: 37595106 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Rapid diagnostic tests based on the lateral flow immunoassay (LFI) enable early identification of viral infection, owing to simple interpretation, short turnaround time, and timely isolation of patients to minimize viral transmission among communities. However, the LFI system requires improvement in the detection sensitivity to match the accuracy of nucleic acid amplification tests. Fluorescence-based LFIs are more sensitive and specific than absorption-based LFIs, but their performance is significantly affected by fundamental issues related to the quantum yield and photobleaching of fluorophores. Metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), which is a plasmonic effect in the vicinity of metallic nanoparticles, can be an effective strategy to improve the detection sensitivity of fluorescence-based LFIs. The key factors for obtaining a strong plasmonic effect include the distance and spectral overlap of the metal and fluorophore in the MEF system. In this study, MEF probes were designed based on core-shell nanostructures employing a gold nanorod core, mesoporous silica shell, and cyanine 5 fluorophore. To optimize the efficiency of MEF probes incorporated on the LFI platform (MEF-LFI), we experimentally and theoretically investigated the distance dependence of plasmonic coupling between cyanine 5 and gold nanorods by adjusting the shell thickness, resulting in significant fluorescence enhancement. The proposed MEF-LFI enabled highly sensitive detection of influenza A virus (IAV) nucleocapsid protein with a detection limit of 0.52 pg mL-1 within 20 min and showed high specificity and accuracy for determining IAV clinical samples. Overall, our findings demonstrate the potential of this method as an effective tool for molecular diagnosis under emergency conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donggu Hong
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Jo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyeon Bang
- College of AI Convergence, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, 208 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaewon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Seon Noh
- Nano Bio Research Center JBF, 123, Nanosandan-ro, Nam-Myun, Jangseong-gun, Jeollanam-do 57248, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Geun Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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3
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Liu M, Yu L, Li Y, Ma Y, An S, Zheng J, Liu L, Lin K, Gao P. Bionic Plasmonic Nanoarrays Excited by Radially Polarized Vector Beam for Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1237. [PMID: 37049330 PMCID: PMC10097346 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) is an important fluorescence technology due to its ability to significantly improve the fluorescence intensity. Here, we present a new MEF configuration of the bionic nanorod array illuminated by radially polarized vector beam (RVB). The bionic nanorod array is fabricated via a nanoimprinting method by using the wings of the Chinese cicada "meimuna mongolica" as bio-templates, and later coating gold film by ion sputtering deposition method. The MEF performance of the prepared substrate is tested by a home-made optical system. The experiment results show that, in the case of RVB excitation, the intensity of fluorescence is more than 10 times stronger with the nano-imprinted substrate than that with glass. Using the bionic nanoarray as a substrate, the intensity of fluorescence is ~2 times stronger via RVB than that by the linearly polarized beam. In addition, the prepared substrate is verified to have good uniformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Guangzhou 510555, China
| | - Lan Yu
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Yanru Li
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Ying Ma
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Sha An
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Juanjuan Zheng
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Ke Lin
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Peng Gao
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
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4
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Alavi N, Maghami P, Pakdel AF, Rezaei M, Avan A. Antibody-modified Gold Nanobiostructures: Advancing Targeted Photodynamic Therapy for Improved Cancer Treatment. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3103-3122. [PMID: 37990429 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128265544231102065515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative, non-invasive method of treating cancer that uses light-activated photosensitizers to create reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, challenges associated with the limited penetration depth of light and the need for precise control over photosensitizer activation have hindered its clinical translation. Nanomedicine, particularly gold nanobiostructures, offers promising solutions to overcome these limitations. This paper reviews the advancements in PDT and nanomedicine, focusing on applying antibody-modified gold nanobiostructures as multifunctional platforms for enhanced PDT efficacy and improved cancer treatment outcomes. The size, shape, and composition of gold nanobiostructures can significantly influence their PDT efficacy, making synthetic procedures crucial. Functionalizing the surface of gold nanobiostructures with various molecules, such as antibodies or targeting agents, bonding agents, PDT agents, photothermal therapy (PTT) agents, chemo-agents, immunotherapy agents, and imaging agents, allows composition modification. Integrating gold nanobiostructures with PDT holds immense potential for targeted cancer therapy. Antibody-modified gold nanobiostructures, in particular, have gained significant attention due to their tunable plasmonic characteristics, biocompatibility, and surface functionalization capabilities. These multifunctional nanosystems possess unique properties that enhance the efficacy of PDT, including improved light absorption, targeted delivery, and enhanced ROS generation. Passive and active targeting of gold nanobiostructures can enhance their localization near cancer cells, leading to efficient eradication of tumor tissues upon light irradiation. Future research and clinical studies will continue to explore the potential of gold nanobiostructures in PDT for personalized and effective cancer therapy. The synthesis, functionalization, and characterization of gold nanobiostructures, their interaction with light, and their impact on photosensitizers' photophysical and photochemical properties, are important areas of investigation. Strategies to enhance targeting efficiency and the evaluation of gold nanobiostructures in vitro and in vivo studies will further advance their application in PDT. The integrating antibody-modified gold nanobiostructures in PDT represents a promising strategy for targeted cancer therapy. These multifunctional nanosystems possess unique properties that enhance PDT efficacy, including improved light absorption, targeted delivery, and enhanced ROS generation. Continued research and development in this field will contribute to the advancement of personalized and effective cancer treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Alavi
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Maghami
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azar Fani Pakdel
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Rezaei
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4059, Australia
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Wang XY, Lin C, Chang WJ, Huang YH, Mi FL. Thiolated hyaluronic acid and catalase-enhanced CD44-targeting and oxygen self-supplying nanoplatforms with photothermal/photodynamic effects against hypoxic breast cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:121-134. [PMID: 36049568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photothermal and photodynamic therapies (PTT/PDT) have been widely accepted as noninvasive therapeutic methods for cancer treatment. However, tumor hypoxia and insufficient delivery of photoactive compounds to cancer cells can reduce the efficacy of phototherapy. Herein, we first synthesized thiolated hyaluronic acid (THA) and then conjugated it with catalase (CAT) onto chlorin e6 (Ce6)-adsorbed small gold nanorods (Ce6@sAuNRs) with near-infrared (NIR)/visible light activated photothermal/photodynamic effects. The conjugation of THA and CAT on Ce6@sAuNRs resulted in a red-shift of the longitudinal LSPR absorption band of sAuNRs up to 1000 nm and maintained the excellent enzymatic activity of catalase. Modification of Ce6@sAuNRs with THA resulted in efficient internalization of the nanocomposite into MCF-7/ADR multidrug-resistant (MDR) breast cancer cells (CD44+), thereby significantly enhancing the intracellular accumulation of the photosensitizer Ce6. CAT endows Ce6@sAuNRs with self-supporting oxygen production, which enables them to efficiently generate singlet oxygen (1O2) under 660 nm laser irradiation and enhances the photodynamic effect against hypoxic breast cancer cells. The results highlight the prospect of this novel multi-functional nanoplatform integrating active biological macromolecules (THA and CAT) into photosensitizer/photothermal gold nanocomposites in overcoming the limitations of hypoxic MDR breast cancer cell treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chi Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wong-Jin Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; TMU Research Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Fwu-Long Mi
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
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6
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Yasin G, Nasr M, Abdel Gaber SA, Hüttenberger D, Fadel M. Response surface methodological approach for optimization of photodynamic therapy of onychomycosis using chlorin e6 loaded nail penetration enhancer vesicles. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 232:112461. [PMID: 35551052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) has a tremendous potential as an alternative therapeutic modality to conventional antifungals in treatment of onychomycosis, yet the nail barrier properties and the deep-seated nature of fungi within the nails remain challenging. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prepare, optimize, and characterize Chorin e6 (Ce6) nail penetration enhancer containing vesicles (Ce6-nPEVs) and evaluate their photodynamic mediated effect against Trichophyton rubrum (T.rubrum); the main causative agent of onychomycosis. Optimization of the particle size and encapsulation efficiency of nPEVs was performed using a four-factor two-level full factorial design. The transungual delivery potential of the selected formulation was assessed in comparison with the free drug. The photodynamic treatment conditions for T.rubrum aPDI by free Ce6 was optimized using response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design, and the aPDI effect of the selected Ce6-nPEVs was evaluated versus the free Ce6 at the optimized condition. Results showed that formulations exhibited high encapsulation efficiency for Ce6 ranging from 79.4 to 98%, particle sizes ranging from 225 to 859 nm, positive zeta potential values ranging from +30 to +70 mV, and viscosity ranging from 1.26 to 3.43 cP. The predominant parameters for maximizing the encapsulation efficiency and minimizing the particle size of Ce6-nPEVs were identified. The selected formulation showed 1.8-folds higher nail hydration and 2.3 folds improvement in percentage of Ce6 up-taken by nails compared to the free drug. Results of the microbiological study confirmed the reliability and adequacy of the Box-Behnken model, and delineated Ce6 concentration and incubation time as the significant model terms. Free Ce6 and Ce6-nPEVs showed an equipotent in vitro fungicidal effect on T.rubrum at the optimized conditions, however Ce6-nPEVs is expected to show a differential effect at the in vivo level where the advantage of the enhanced nail penetration feature will be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Yasin
- Pharmaceutical Nano-Technology Laboratory, Department of Medical Applications of Laser, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara A Abdel Gaber
- Nanomedicine Department, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | | | - Maha Fadel
- Pharmaceutical Nano-Technology Laboratory, Department of Medical Applications of Laser, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Işıklan N, Hussien NA, Türk M. Multifunctional aptamer-conjugated magnetite graphene oxide/chlorin e6 nanocomposite for combined chemo-phototherapy. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tavakkoli Yaraki M, Liu B, Tan YN. Emerging Strategies in Enhancing Singlet Oxygen Generation of Nano-Photosensitizers Toward Advanced Phototherapy. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:123. [PMID: 35513555 PMCID: PMC9072609 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00856-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The great promise of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has thrusted the rapid progress of developing highly effective photosensitizers (PS) in killing cancerous cells and bacteria. To mitigate the intrinsic limitations of the classical molecular photosensitizers, researchers have been looking into designing new generation of nanomaterial-based photosensitizers (nano-photosensitizers) with better photostability and higher singlet oxygen generation (SOG) efficiency, and ways of enhancing the performance of existing photosensitizers. In this paper, we review the recent development of nano-photosensitizers and nanoplasmonic strategies to enhance the SOG efficiency for better PDT performance. Firstly, we explain the mechanism of reactive oxygen species generation by classical photosensitizers, followed by a brief discussion on the commercially available photosensitizers and their limitations in PDT. We then introduce three types of new generation nano-photosensitizers that can effectively produce singlet oxygen molecules under visible light illumination, i.e., aggregation-induced emission nanodots, metal nanoclusters (< 2 nm), and carbon dots. Different design approaches to synthesize these nano-photosensitizers were also discussed. To further enhance the SOG rate of nano-photosensitizers, plasmonic strategies on using different types of metal nanoparticles in both colloidal and planar metal-PS systems are reviewed. The key parameters that determine the metal-enhanced SOG (ME-SOG) efficiency and their underlined enhancement mechanism are discussed. Lastly, we highlight the future prospects of these nanoengineering strategies, and discuss how the future development in nanobiotechnology and theoretical simulation could accelerate the design of new photosensitizers and ME-SOG systems for highly effective image-guided photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tavakkoli Yaraki
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore.
| | - Yen Nee Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, 138634, Singapore.
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
- Newcastle Research and Innovation Institute, Newcastle University in Singapore, 80 Jurong East Street 21, #05-04, Singapore, 609607, Singapore.
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Serra VV, Serra SG, Vallejo MCS, Paulo PMR, Moura NMM, Botequim D, Neves MGPMS, Costa SMB. Merging Porphyrins with Gold Nanorods: Self Assembly Construct to High Fluorescent Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:872. [PMID: 35269360 PMCID: PMC8912806 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dual probe porphyrin-gold nanorod polyelectrolyte microcapsules were developed to explore the enhancing effects of a plasmonic interface of self-assembled gold nanoparticles in the fluorescence emission from porphyrins loaded into the capsules' core. An analysis of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) data reports a notable 105-106-fold increase in the maximum detected photon rates from diffraction-limited spots and an overall six-fold increase in fluorescence as averaged over the whole microcapsule area. Large emission enhancements were correlated with decreases in fluorescence lifetimes. The microcapsule's design proved effective in achieving high fluorescent hybrids and may shed light on new possibilities for advanced materials imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanda Vaz Serra
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.G.S.); (D.B.); (S.M.B.C.)
| | - Sofia G. Serra
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.G.S.); (D.B.); (S.M.B.C.)
| | - Mariana C. S. Vallejo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.C.S.V.); (N.M.M.M.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.)
| | - Pedro M. R. Paulo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.G.S.); (D.B.); (S.M.B.C.)
| | - Nuno M. M. Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.C.S.V.); (N.M.M.M.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.)
| | - David Botequim
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.G.S.); (D.B.); (S.M.B.C.)
| | - Maria Graça P. M. S. Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.C.S.V.); (N.M.M.M.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.)
| | - Sílvia M. B. Costa
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.G.S.); (D.B.); (S.M.B.C.)
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Kim HS, Seo M, Park TE, Lee DY. A novel therapeutic strategy of multimodal nanoconjugates for state-of-the-art brain tumor phototherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:14. [PMID: 34983539 PMCID: PMC8725459 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The outcome of phototherapy, including photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is disappointing due to insufficient photoconversion efficiency and low targeting rate. The development of phototherapeutic agents that target GBM and generate high heat and potent ROS is important to overcome the weak anti-tumor effect. Results In this study, nanoconjugates composed of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and photosensitizers (PSs) were prepared by disulfide conjugation between Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and glutathione coated-AuNP. The maximum heat dissipation of the nanoconjugate was 64.5 ± 4.5 °C. Moreover, the proximate conjugation of Ce6 on the AuNP surface resulted in plasmonic crossover between Ce6 and AuNP. This improves the intrinsic ROS generating capability of Ce6 by 1.6-fold compared to that of unmodified-Ce6. This process is called generation of metal-enhanced reactive oxygen species (MERos). PEGylated-lactoferrin (Lf-PEG) was incorporated onto the AuNP surface for both oral absorption and GBM targeting of the nanoconjugate (denoted as Ce6-AuNP-Lf). In this study, we explored the mechanism by which Ce6-AuNP-Lf interacts with LfR at the intestinal and blood brain barrier (BBB) and penetrates these barriers with high efficiency. In the orthotopic GBM mice model, the oral bioavailability and GBM targeting amount of Ce6-AuNP-Lf significantly improved to 7.3 ± 1.2% and 11.8 ± 2.1 μg/kg, respectively. The order of laser irradiation, such as applying PDT first and then PTT, was significant for the treatment outcome due to the plasmonic advantages provided by AuNPs to enhance ROS generation capability. As a result, GBM-phototherapy after oral administration of Ce6-AuNP-Lf exhibited an outstanding anti-tumor effect due to GBM targeting and enhanced photoconversion efficiency. Conclusions The designed nanoconjugates greatly improved ROS generation by plasmonic crossover between AuNPs and Ce6, enabling sufficient PDT for GBM as well as PTT. In addition, efficient GBM targeting through oral administration was possible by conjugating Lf to the nanoconjugate. These results suggest that Ce6-AuNP-Lf is a potent GBM phototherapeutic nanoconjugate that can be orally administered. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01220-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Shik Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwook Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea. .,Elixir Pharmatech Inc., Seoul, 07463, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Teixeira R, Serra VV, Botequim D, Paulo PMR, Andrade SM, Costa SMB. Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines: Some Insights into Supramolecular Self-Assembly, Microencapsulation, and Imaging Microscopy. Molecules 2021; 26:4264. [PMID: 34299539 PMCID: PMC8306603 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular interactions of anionic tetrasulfonate phenyl porphyrin (TPPS) with poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of generation 2.0 and 4.0 (G2 and G4, respectively) forming H- or J-aggregates, as well as with human and bovine serum albumin proteins (HSA and BSA), were reviewed in the context of self-assembly molecular complementarity. The spectroscopic studies were extended to the association of aluminum phthtalocyanine (AlPCS4) detected with a PAMAM G4 dendrimer with fluorescence studies in both steady state and dynamic state, as well as due to the fluorescence quenching associated to electron-transfer with a distribution of lifetimes. The functionalization of TPPS with peripheral substituents enables the assignment of spontaneous pH-induced aggregates with different and well-defined morphologies. Other work reported in the literature, in particular with soft self-assembly materials, fall in the same area with particular interest for the environment. The microencapsulation of TPPS studies into polyelectrolyte capsules was developed quite recently and aroused much interest, which is well supported and complemented by the extensive data reported on the Imaging Microscopy section of the Luminescence of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines included in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Teixeira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanda Vaz Serra
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Botequim
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro M R Paulo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Suzana M Andrade
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sílvia M B Costa
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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12
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Tang F, Liu JY, Wu CY, Liang YX, Lu ZL, Ding AX, Xu MD. Two-Photon Near-Infrared AIE Luminogens as Multifunctional Gene Carriers for Cancer Theranostics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:23384-23395. [PMID: 33982571 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Construction of multifunctional nonviral gene vectors to execute defined tasks holds great potential for the precise and effective treatment of gene-associated diseases. Herein, we have developed four large π-conjugation triphenylamine derivatives bearing two polar [12]aneN3 heads and a lipophilic tail for applications in gene delivery, one/two-photon-triggered near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence bioimaging, and combined photodynamic therapy (PDT) and gene therapy of cancer. These compounds possess typical NIR aggregation-induced emission characteristics, mega Stokes shifts, strong two-photon excitation fluorescence, and excellent DNA condensation abilities. Among them, vector 4 with a tail of n-hexadecane realized a transfection efficiency as high as 6.7 times that of the commercial transfection agent Lipofectamine 2000 in HEK293T cell lines. Using vector 4 as an example, transfection process tracking and ex vivo/in vivo tumoral imaging and retention with high resolution, high brightness, deep tissue penetration, and good biosafety were demonstrated. In addition, efficient singlet oxygen (1O2) generation by the DNA complex formed by vector 4 (4/DNA) resulted in effective PDT. Combined with anticancer gene therapy, collaborative cancer treatment with a dramatically enhanced cancer cell-killing effect was achieved. The development of this "three birds, one stone" approach suggests a new and promising strategy for better cancer treatment and real-time tracking of gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jin-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Cheng-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ya-Xuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ai-Xiang Ding
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Ming-Di Xu
- China National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Institute of Chemical Drug Control, Tian Tan XiLi 2, Beijing 100050, China
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13
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Aluminum foil as a substrate for metal enhanced fluorescence of bacteria labelled with quantum dots, shows very large enhancement and high contrast. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2020.100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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14
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Demir Duman F, Sebek M, Thanh NTK, Loizidou M, Shakib K, MacRobert AJ. Enhanced photodynamic therapy and fluorescence imaging using gold nanorods for porphyrin delivery in a novel in vitro squamous cell carcinoma 3D model. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5131-5142. [PMID: 32420578 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00810a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposites of gold nanorods (Au NRs) with the cationic porphyrin TMPyP (5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1- methyl 4-pyridinio)porphyrin tetra(p-toluenesulfonate)) were investigated as a nanocarrier system for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and fluorescence imaging. To confer biocompatibility and facilitate the cellular uptake, the NRs were encapsulated with polyacrylic acid (PAA) and efficiently loaded with the cationic porphyrin by electrostatic interaction. The nanocomposites were tested with and without light exposure following incubation in 2D monolayer cultures and a 3D compressed collagen construct of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The results showed that Au NRs enhance the absorption and emission intensity of TMPyP and improve its photodynamic efficiency and fluorescence imaging capability in both 2D cultures and 3D cancer constructs. Au NRs are promising theranostic agents for delivery of photosensitisers for HNSCC treatment and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Demir Duman
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanomedicine and Surgical Theranostics, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London, NW3 2PE, UK.
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15
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Botequim D, Silva IIR, Serra SG, Melo EP, Prazeres DMF, Costa SMB, Paulo PMR. Fluorescent dye nano-assemblies by thiol attachment directed to the tips of gold nanorods for effective emission enhancement. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:6334-6345. [PMID: 32133478 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00267d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The conjugation of dye-labelled DNA oligonucleotides with gold nanorods has been widely explored for the development of multifunctional fluorescent nanoprobes. Here, we show that the functionalization route is crucial to achieve enhanced emission in dye nano-assemblies based on gold nanorods. By using a tip-selective approach for thiol attachment of dye molecules onto gold nanorods, it was possible to effectively increase the emission by more than 10-fold relatively to that of a free dye. On the other hand, a non-selective approach revealed that indiscriminate surface functionalization has a detrimental effect on the enhancement. Simulations of discrete dipole approximation gave further insight into the surface distribution of plasmon-enhanced emission by confirming that tip regions afford an effective enhancement, while side regions exhibit a negligible effect or even emission quenching. The contrast between dye nano-assemblies obtained from tip- and non-selective functionalization was further characterized by single-particle fluorescence emission. These studies showed that tip-functionalized gold nanorods with an average of only 30 dye molecules have a comparable to or even stronger emission than non-selectively functionalized particles with approximately 10 times more dye molecules. The results herein reported could significantly improve the performance of dye nano-assemblies for imaging or sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Botequim
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal. and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Inês I R Silva
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Sofia G Serra
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo P Melo
- CCMAR - Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Duarte M F Prazeres
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Sílvia M B Costa
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Pedro M R Paulo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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16
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Nair RV, Nair LV, Govindachar DM, Santhakumar H, Nazeer SS, Rekha CR, Shenoy SJ, Periyasamy G, Jayasree RS. Luminescent Gold Nanorods To Enhance the Near‐Infrared Emission of a Photosensitizer for Targeted Cancer Imaging and Dual Therapy: Experimental and Theoretical Approach. Chemistry 2020; 26:2826-2836. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Resmi V. Nair
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695012 India
| | - Lakshmi V. Nair
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695012 India
- Present Address: School of Materials Science & Engineering National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode 673601 Kerala India
| | | | - Hema Santhakumar
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695012 India
| | - Shaiju S. Nazeer
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695012 India
- Present Address: Department of Chemistry University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35205 USA
| | | | - Sachin J. Shenoy
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695012 India
| | - Ganga Periyasamy
- Department of Chemistry Bangalore University Bangalore 560 056 India
| | - Ramapurath S. Jayasree
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695012 India
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17
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Sailapu SK, Dutta D, Simon AT, Ghosh SS, Chattopadhyay A. Smartphone controlled interactive portable device for theranostics in vitro. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 146:111745. [PMID: 31606688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a smartphone controlled interactive theranostic device has been developed to perform in vitro photodynamic therapy (PDT) and diagnostic assays for treatment assessment on a single platform. Further, silver nanorod (Ag NR) was identified as a photosensitizer and its effect was studied in three different cell lines. PDT was achieved with Ag NRs using low irradiation (1.4 mW/cm2 at 632 nm) from light emitting diodes (LEDs) in the device. Specifically, PDT in conjugation with widely used chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (Dox) proved effective in killing of HeLa cancer cells and multicellular tumor spheroids at a minimum dose of Ag (2.5 μg/mL). The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) assays performed with the device indicated the therapeutic success of the delivered PDT. The device is portable and can be adapted for different wavelength irradiations and radiation doses. Additionally, wireless operation using a custom designed smartphone application makes it convenient to use in complex environments without much of human intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Sailapu
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India.
| | - Deepanjalee Dutta
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India.
| | - Anitha T Simon
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India; Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India.
| | - Arun Chattopadhyay
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India.
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18
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Chen IH, Chen YF, Liou JH, Lai JT, Hsu CC, Wang NY, Jan JS. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticle/gelatin/protein nanogels with enhanced bioluminescence/biofluorescence. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110101. [PMID: 31546461 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the green synthesis of gelatin/protein hybrid nanogels containing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that collectively exhibit metal-enhanced luminescence/fluorescence (MEL/MEF). The gelatin/protein nanogels, prepared by genipin cross-linking of preformed gelatin/protein polyion complexes (PICs), exhibited sizes ranging between 50 and 200 nm, depending on the weight ratio of gelatin and protein. These nanogels serve as reducing and stabilizing agents for the AuNPs, allowing for nucleation in a gel network that exhibits colloidal stability and MEL/MEF. AuNP/gelatin/HRP and AuNP/gelatin/LTF nanogels presented an ~11-fold enhancement of bioluminescence in an HRP-luminol system and a ~50-fold fluorescence enhancement when compared to free LTF in cell uptake experiments. These hybrid nanogels show promise for optically enhanced diagnosis and other therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsiu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No 1, University Rd., Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fon Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No 1, University Rd., Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Han Liou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No 1, University Rd., Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Tsyy Lai
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 30052, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Hsu
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 30052, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Yi Wang
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 30052, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shiung Jan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No 1, University Rd., Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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19
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Hwang JW, Jung SJ, Cheong TC, Kim Y, Shin EP, Heo I, Kim G, Cho NH, Wang KK, Kim YR. Smart Hybrid Nanocomposite for Photodynamic Inactivation of Cancer Cells with Selectivity. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6776-6783. [PMID: 31310131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b04301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy has been efficiently applied for cancer therapy. Here, we have fabricated the folic acid (FA)- and pheophorbide A (PA)-conjugated FA/PA@Fe3O4 nanoparticle (smart hybrid nanocomposite, SHN) to enhance the photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of specific cancer cells. SHN coated with the PDI agent is designed to have selectivity for the folate receptor (FR) expressed on cancer cells. Structural characteristics and morphology of the fabricated MNPs were studied with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The photophysical properties of SHN were investigated with absorption, emission spectroscopies, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the magnetic property of Fe3O4 nanoparticle (MNP) can be utilized for the collection of SHNs by an external magnetic field. The photofunctionality was given by the photosensitizer, PA, which generates reactive oxygen species by irradiation of visible light. Generation of singlet oxygen was directly evaluated with time-resolved phosphorescence spectroscopy. Biocompatibility and cellular interaction of SHN were also analyzed by using various cancer cells, such as KB, HeLa, and MCF-7 cells which express different levels of FR on the surface. Cellular adsorption and the PDI effect of SHN on the various cancer cells in vitro were correlated well with the surface expression levels of FR, suggesting potential applicability of SHN on specific targeting and PDI of FR-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Wook Hwang
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Jung
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Chin Cheong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , 103 Daehak-ro , Jongno-gu Seoul 03080 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , 103 Daehak-ro , Jongno-gu Seoul 03080 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , 103 Daehak-ro , Jongno-gu Seoul 03080 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , 103 Daehak-ro , Jongno-gu Seoul 03080 , Republic of Korea
| | - Eon Pil Shin
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Il Heo
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Gwanghun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , 103 Daehak-ro , Jongno-gu Seoul 03080 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , 103 Daehak-ro , Jongno-gu Seoul 03080 , Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , 103 Daehak-ro , Jongno-gu Seoul 03080 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , 103 Daehak-ro , Jongno-gu Seoul 03080 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Kyun Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Rok Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
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Hada AM, Potara M, Suarasan S, Vulpoi A, Nagy-Simon T, Licarete E, Astilean S. Fabrication of gold-silver core-shell nanoparticles for performing as ultrabright SERS-nanotags inside human ovarian cancer cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:315701. [PMID: 30974419 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of new gold-silver core-shell nanoparticles labeled with para-mercaptobenzoic acid (4MBA) molecules and demonstrates their use as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-nanotags with ultra-bright traceability inside cells and ability to convey spectrally-coded information about the intracellular pH by means of SERS. Unlike previous reported studies, our fabrication procedure includes in the first step the synthesis of chitosan-coated gold nanoparticles as a seed material with subsequent growing of a silver shell. The bimetallic core-shell structure is revealed by transmission electron microscopy, high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray elemental mapping and the presence of two interacting localized surface plasmon resonance modes in UV-vis extinction spectrum. The high SERS activity and sensitivity of as fabricated 4MBA-chit-Au-AgNPs nano-constructs to different pH in solution is investigated under 532 and 633 nm laser lines excitation. Next, in view of future studies in cancer diagnosis, the in vitro antiproliferative effects of SERS-nanotags against human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells (NIH:OVCAR-3) are evaluated. The capacity to operate as bright SERS nanotags with precise localization at a single cell level as well as intracellular pH indicators is clearly demonstrated by performing cell imaging under scanning confocal Raman microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru-Milentie Hada
- Department of Biomolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, M. Kogalniceanu Str. 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, T. Laurian Str. 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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García Calavia P, Bruce G, Pérez-García L, Russell DA. Photosensitiser-gold nanoparticle conjugates for photodynamic therapy of cancer. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1534-1552. [PMID: 30118115 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00271a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been extensively studied within biomedicine due to their biocompatibility and low toxicity. In particular, AuNPs have been widely used to deliver photosensitiser agents for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. Here we review the state-of-the-art for the functionalisation of the gold nanoparticle surface with both photosensitisers and targeting ligands for the active targeting of cancer cell surface receptors. From the initial use of the AuNPs as a simple carrier of the photosensitiser for PDT, the field has significantly advanced to include: the use of PEGylated modification to provide aqueous compatibility and stealth properties for in vivo use; gold metal-surface enhanced singlet oxygen generation; functionalisation of the AuNP surface with biological ligands to specifically target over-expressed receptors on the surface of cancer cells and; the creation of nanorods and nanostars to enable combined PDT and photothermal therapies. These versatile AuNPs have significantly enhanced the efficacy of traditional photosensitisers for both in vitro and in vivo cancer therapy. From this review it is apparent that AuNPs have an important future in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula García Calavia
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Gordon Bruce
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Lluïsa Pérez-García
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David A Russell
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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Xin J, Wang S, Wang B, Wang J, Wang J, Zhang L, Xin B, Shen L, Zhang Z, Yao C. AlPcS 4-PDT for gastric cancer therapy using gold nanorod, cationic liposome, and Pluronic ® F127 nanomicellar drug carriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2017-2036. [PMID: 29670347 PMCID: PMC5894760 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s154054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose As a promising photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent, Al(III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulfonic acid (AlPcS4) provides deep penetration into tissue, high quantum yields, good photostability, and low photobleaching. However, its low delivery efficiency and high binding affinity to serum albumin cause its low penetration into cancer cells, further limiting its PDT effect on gastric cancer. In order to improve AlPcS4/PDT effect, the AlPcS4 delivery sys tems with different drug carriers were synthesized and investigated. Materials and methods Gold nanorods, cationic liposomes, and Pluronic® F127 nanomicellars were used to formulate the AlPcS4 delivery systems. The anticancer effect was evaluated by CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay. The delivery efficiency of AlPcS4 and the binding affinity to serum proteins were determined by fluorescence intensity assay. The apoptosis and necrosis ability, reactive oxygen species and singlet oxygen generation, mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ([Ca2+]i) concentration were further measured to evaluate the mechanism of cell death. Results The series of synthesized AlPcS4 delivery systems with different drug carriers improve the limited PDT effect in varying degrees. In contrast, AlPcS4 complex with gold nanorods has significant anticancer effects because gold nanorods are not only suitable for AlPcS4 delivery, but also exhibit enhanced singlet oxygen generation effect and photothermal effect to induce cell death directly. Moreover, AlPcS4 complex with cationic liposomes shows the potent inhibition effect because of its optimal AlPcS4 delivery efficiency and ability to block serum albumin. In addition, AlPcS4 complex with Pluronic F127 exhibits inferior PDT effect but presents lower cytotoxicity, slower dissociation rate, and longer retention time of incorporated drugs; thus, F127–AlPcS4 is used for prolonged gastric cancer therapy. Conclusion The described AlPcS4 drug delivery systems provide promising agents for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xin
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiazhuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Luwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Xin
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Xi'an Fan Yi University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cuiping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Wang Y, Cai D, Wu H, Fu Y, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Wu D, Tian Q, Yang S. Functionalized Cu 3BiS 3 nanoparticles for dual-modal imaging and targeted photothermal/photodynamic therapy. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4452-4462. [PMID: 29451575 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07458a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional nano-biomaterials with the integration of diagnostic and therapeutic functions have shown great promise in improving the efficacy of cancer therapy. Herein, a new nanoplatform based on functionalized Cu3BiS3 nanoparticles (NPs) is fabricated for tumour-targeted combination phototherapy. The as-synthesized hydrophobic Cu3BiS3 NPs are modified with DSPE-PEG/DSPE-PEG-NH2, followed by the conjugation of the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) and the target ligand folic acid (FA). The introduced Ce6 can further form a chelate complex with Gd3+. The rationally designed Cu3BiS3-PEG-(Ce6-Gd3+)-FA NPs, which have high physiological stability and good biocompatibility, can specifically target FA-receptor over-expressed tumour cells. The Cu3BiS3-PEG-(Ce6-Gd3+)-FA NPs exhibit effective dual-modal CT and MR imaging in the xenografted HeLa tumours. Importantly, excellent in vivo anti-tumour effects have been achieved by synergistic photothermal/photodynamic therapy using the multifunctional NPs. We expect that this versatile nanoplatform will play a role in exploring precise cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanke Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of the Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
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24
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García Calavia P, Marín MJ, Chambrier I, Cook MJ, Russell DA. Towards optimisation of surface enhanced photodynamic therapy of breast cancer cells using gold nanoparticle–photosensitiser conjugates. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:281-289. [DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00225d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Surface enhanced fluorescence of zinc pthalocyanine-functionalised gold nanoparticles leads to a remarkable enhancement in photodynamic efficiency and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María J. Marín
- School of Chemistry
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich Research Park
- Norwich
- UK
| | - Isabelle Chambrier
- School of Chemistry
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich Research Park
- Norwich
- UK
| | - Michael J. Cook
- School of Chemistry
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich Research Park
- Norwich
- UK
| | - David A. Russell
- School of Chemistry
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich Research Park
- Norwich
- UK
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25
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Shaheen F, Hammad Aziz M, Fakhar-E-Alam M, Atif M, Fatima M, Ahmad R, Hanif A, Anwar S, Zafar F, Abbas G, Ali SM, Ahmed M. An In Vitro Study of the Photodynamic Effectiveness of GO-Ag Nanocomposites against Human Breast Cancer Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E401. [PMID: 29160836 PMCID: PMC5707618 DOI: 10.3390/nano7110401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials have garnered significant attention because of their versatile bioapplications and extraordinary properties. Graphene oxide (GO) is an extremely oxidized form of graphene accompanied by the functional groups of oxygen on its surface. GO is an outstanding platform on which to pacify silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), which gives rise to the graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle (GO-Ag) nanocomposite. In this experimental study, the toxicity of graphene oxide-silver (GO-Ag) nanocomposites was assessed in an in vitro human breast cancer model to optimize the parameters of photodynamic therapy. GO-Ag was prepared using the hydrothermal method, and characterization was done by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-rays Analysis (EDAX), atomic force microscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The experiments were done both with laser exposure, as well as in darkness, to examine the phototoxicity and cytotoxicity of the nanocomposites. The cytotoxicity of the GO-Ag was confirmed via a methyl-thiazole-tetrazolium (MTT) assay and intracellular reactive oxygen species production analysis. The phototoxic effect explored the dose-dependent decrease in the cell viability, as well as provoked cell death via apoptosis. An enormously significant escalation of ¹O₂ in the samples when exposed to daylight was perceived. Statistical analysis was performed on the experimental results to confirm the worth and clarity of the results, with p-values < 0.05 selected as significant. These outcomes suggest that GO-Ag nanocomposites could serve as potential candidates for targeted breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Shaheen
- Department of Physics, Government College (GC) University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Hammad Aziz
- Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-E-Alam
- Department of Physics, Government College (GC) University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- National Institute of Laser and Optronics, Nilore 45650, Islamabad.
| | - Mahvish Fatima
- Department of Physics, University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- The Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics (CASP), Government College (GC) University, Church Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Atif Hanif
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saqib Anwar
- Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fatima Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, GC University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Ghazanfar Abbas
- Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Mansoor Ali
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
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26
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Wang BY, Liao ML, Hong GC, Chang WW, Chu CC. Near-Infrared-Triggered Photodynamic Therapy toward Breast Cancer Cells Using Dendrimer-Functionalized Upconversion Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E269. [PMID: 28892021 PMCID: PMC5618380 DOI: 10.3390/nano7090269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) that exhibit significant ultraviolet, blue, and red emissions under 980-nm laser excitation were successfully synthesized for performing near infrared (NIR)-triggered photodynamic therapy (PDT). The lanthanide-doped UCNPs bearing oleate ligands were first exchanged by citrates to generate polyanionic surfaces and then sequentially encapsulated with NH₂-terminated poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers (G4) and chlorine6 (Ce6) using a layer-by-layer (LBL) absorption strategy. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis confirm that the hybrid UCNPs possess a polygonal morphology with an average dimension of 16.0 ± 2.1 nm and α-phase crystallinity. A simple calculation derived through thermogravimetric analysis revealed that one polycationic G4 dendrimer could be firmly accommodated by approximately 150 polyanionic citrates through multivalent interactions. Moreover, zeta potential measurements indicated that the LBL fabrication results in the hybrid nanoparticles with positively charged surfaces originated from these dendrimers, which assist the cellular uptake in biological specimens. The cytotoxic singlet oxygen based on the photosensitization of the adsorbed Ce6 through the upconversion emissions can be readily accumulated by increasing the irradiation time of the incident lasers. Compared with that of 660-nm lasers, NIR-laser excitation exhibits optimized in vitro PDT effects toward human breast cancer MCF-7 cells cultured in the tumorspheres, and less than 40% of cells survived under a low Ce6 dosage of 2.5 × 10-7 M. Fluorescence microscopy analysis indicated that the NIR-driven PDT causes more effective destruction of the cells located inside spheres that exhibit significant cancer stem cell or progenitor cell properties. Moreover, an in vivo assessment based on immunohistochemical analysis for a 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model confirmed the effective inhibition of cancer cell proliferation through cellular DNA damage by the expression of Ki67 and γH2AXser139 protein markers. Thus, the hybrid UCNPs are a promising NIR-triggered PDT module for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Yen Wang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua County 50006, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Liang Liao
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Guan-Ci Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chien Chu
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
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27
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Chlorin e6 conjugated silica nanoparticles for targeted and effective photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 19:212-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Yaghini E, Dondi R, Tewari KM, Loizidou M, Eggleston IM, MacRobert AJ. Endolysosomal targeting of a clinical chlorin photosensitiser for light-triggered delivery of nano-sized medicines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6059. [PMID: 28729656 PMCID: PMC5519633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A major problem with many promising nano-sized biotherapeutics including macromolecules is that owing to their size they are subject to cellular uptake via endocytosis, and become entrapped and then degraded within endolysosomes, which can significantly impair their therapeutic efficacy. Photochemical internalisation (PCI) is a technique for inducing cytosolic release of the entrapped agents that harnesses sub-lethal photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a photosensitiser that localises in endolysosomal membranes. Using light to trigger reactive oxygen species-mediated rupture of the photosensitised endolysosomal membranes, the spatio-temporal selectivity of PCI then enables cytosolic release of the agents at the selected time after administration so that they can reach their intracellular targets. However, conventional photosensitisers used clinically for PDT are ineffective for photochemical internalisation owing to their sub-optimal intracellular localisation. In this work we demonstrate that such a photosensitiser, chlorin e6, can be repurposed for PCI by conjugating the chlorin to a cell penetrating peptide, using bioorthogonal ligation chemistry. The peptide conjugation enables targeting of endosomal membranes so that light-triggered cytosolic release of an entrapped nano-sized cytotoxin can be achieved with consequent improvement in cytotoxicity. The photoproperties of the chlorin moiety are also conserved, with comparable singlet oxygen quantum yields found to the free chlorin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Yaghini
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PE, UK.
| | - Ruggero Dondi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Kunal M Tewari
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Marilena Loizidou
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PE, UK
| | - Ian M Eggleston
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PE, UK.
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29
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Protti S, Albini A, Viswanathan R, Greer A. Targeting Photochemical Scalpels or Lancets in the Photodynamic Therapy Field—The Photochemist's Role. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:1139-1153. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab Department of Chemistry University of Pavia Pavia Italy
| | - Angelo Albini
- PhotoGreen Lab Department of Chemistry University of Pavia Pavia Italy
| | | | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry Brooklyn College Brooklyn NY
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry The Graduate Center of the City University of New York New York City NY
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30
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Optimized Photodynamic Therapy with Multifunctional Cobalt Magnetic Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7060144. [PMID: 28604596 PMCID: PMC5485791 DOI: 10.3390/nano7060144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been adopted as a minimally invasive approach for the localized treatment of superficial tumors, representing an improvement in the care of cancer patients. To improve the efficacy of PDT, it is important to first select an optimized nanocarrier and determine the influence of light parameters on the photosensitizing agent. In particular, much more knowledge concerning the importance of fluence and exposure time is required to gain a better understanding of the photodynamic efficacy. In the present study, we synthesized novel folic acid-(FA) and hematoporphyrin (HP)-conjugated multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles (CoFe2O4-HPs-FAs), which were characterized as effective anticancer reagents for PDT, and evaluated the influence of incubation time and light exposure time on the photodynamic anticancer activities of CoFe2O4-HPs-FAs in prostate cancer cells (PC-3 cells). The results indicated that the same fluence at different exposure times resulted in changes in the anticancer activities on PC-3 cells as well as in reactive oxygen species formation. In addition, an increase of the fluence showed an improvement for cell photo-inactivation. Therefore, we have established optimized conditions for new multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles with direct application for improving PDT for cancer patients.
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31
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Yeo ELL, Cheah JUJ, Lim BY, Thong PSP, Soo KC, Kah JCY. Protein Corona around Gold Nanorods as a Drug Carrier for Multimodal Cancer Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1039-1050. [PMID: 33429578 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A single nanodevice based on gold nanorods (NRs) coloaded with a photosensitizer, Chlorin e6 (Ce6), and a chemotherapeutic, Doxorubicin (Dox), on its endogenously formed human serum (HS) protein corona, i.e., NR-HS-Ce6-Dox was developed with the aim of performing multimodal cancer therapy: photodynamic (PDT), photothermal (PTT) and chemotherapy (CTX) simultaneously upon irradiation with a single 665 nm laser. Here, the excitation of NRs and Ce6 resulted in photothermal ablation (PTT), and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill Cal 27 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells by oxidative stress (PDT) respectively, while the laser-triggered release of Dox intercalated into the DNA of cancer cells to result in DNA damage and cell death (CTX). High laser-triggered Dox release efficiency of 71.5% and strong plasmonic enhancement of ROS production by Ce6 (4.8-fold increase compared to free Ce6) was observed. Uptake of both Ce6 and Dox by Cal 27 cells was greatly enhanced, with 3.3 and 52 times higher intracellular Dox and Ce6 fluorescence observed, respectively, 6 h after dosing with NR-HS-Ce6-Dox compared to free drugs. The simultaneous trimodal therapy achieved a near complete eradication of cancer cells (98.7% cell death) with an extremely low dose of 15 pM NR-HS-Ce6-Dox loaded with just 1.26 nM Ce6 and 12.5 nM Dox due to strong synergistic enhancement in cancer cell kill compared to individual therapies performed separately. No dark toxicities were observed. These drug concentrations were far lower than any previously reported in vitro, thus eliminating any potential systemic toxicity of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Li Ling Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 3, E4-04-08, Singapore 117583
| | - Joshua U-Jin Cheah
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), National University of Singapore, #05-01, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456
| | - Bing Yi Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 3, E4-04-08, Singapore 117583
| | - Patricia Soo Ping Thong
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610
| | - Khee Chee Soo
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610
| | - James Chen Yong Kah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 3, E4-04-08, Singapore 117583.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), National University of Singapore, #05-01, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456
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32
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Bharathiraja S, Manivasagan P, Oh YO, Moorthy MS, Seo H, Bui NQ, Oh J. Astaxanthin conjugated polypyrrole nanoparticles as a multimodal agent for photo-based therapy and imaging. Int J Pharm 2017; 517:216-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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33
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Clement S, Sobhan M, Deng W, Camilleri E, Goldys EM. Nanoparticle-mediated singlet oxygen generation from photosensitizers. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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34
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Yeo ELL, Cheah JUJ, Neo DJH, Goh WI, Kanchanawong P, Soo KC, Thong PSP, Kah JCY. Exploiting the protein corona around gold nanorods for low-dose combined photothermal and photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2016; 5:254-268. [PMID: 32263544 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02743a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A nanodevice comprising human serum (HS) protein corona coated gold nanorods (NRs) has been developed to perform both photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) simultaneously at a very low dose under irradiation by a single laser. Here, we exploit the protein corona to load a photosensitizer, chlorin e6 (Ce6), to form NR-HS-Ce6, whose excitation wavelength matches with the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of NRs. When excited by a single laser, the NRs caused photothermal ablation of cancer cells while Ce6 simultaneously produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill cancer cells through oxidative stress in PDT. We found that the protein corona did not affect the photothermal heating of NRs and observed more than 5-fold increase in ROS generation when Ce6 was loaded on NR-HS compared to free HS-Ce6 dissolved in HS. The uptake of Ce6 by Cal 27 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells also increased 57-fold when loaded on NR-HS compared to free HS-Ce6. While both PDT and PTT have established modest success in reducing cancer cell viability on their own, we have shown that the combined therapy can achieve near complete eradication (95.2% cell kill) of cancer cells even at an extremely low dose of 50 pM of NR-HS-Ce6 containing an equivalent of 7.67 μg mL-1 Au and 4.83 nM Ce6. This near complete cell kill at such a low dose has not been reported previously. The advantages of this nanoscale delivery system showcase the application of protein corona in cancer treatment instead of considering it as an undesirable biological artefact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Li Ling Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, E4-04-08, Singapore 117583.
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35
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Au nanorods modulated NIR fluorescence and singlet oxygen generation of water soluble dendritic zinc phthalocyanine. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 482:252-259. [PMID: 27505278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel cyano-terminated zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc-CN) exhibiting visible near infrared (vis-NIR) emitting around 690nm in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent has been synthesized. Furthermore, the peripheral cyano groups of newly synthesized zinc phthalocyanine were hydrolyzed in strong basic solution, leading to water soluble carboxylated zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc-COOH) with completely quenched fluorescence in aqueous solution. Interestingly, we found that the NIR fluorescence of aqueous ZnPc-COOH was dramatically recovered in the presence of gold nanorods (Au NR), which was due to the alternation of ZnPc-COOH molecules self-assembling via electrostatic interaction between cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on the surface of Au NR and peripheral carboxyl of ZnPc-COOH. In addition, ZnPc-COOH/Au NR conjugates demonstrated an improved singlet oxygen generation, which could be served as potential bioimaging probe and photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy.
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36
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Qin C, Fei J, Wang A, Yang Y, Li J. Rational assembly of a biointerfaced core@shell nanocomplex towards selective and highly efficient synergistic photothermal/photodynamic therapy. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:20197-20210. [PMID: 26574662 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To optimize synergistic cancer therapy, we rationally assemble an inorganic-organic nanocomplex using a folate-modified lipid bilayer spread on photosensitizer-entrapped mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) coated gold nanorods (AuNRs). In this hybrid bioconjugate, the large specific surface area and pore size of AuNR@MSN guarantee a high loading capacity of small photosensitive molecules. The modification with selective mixed liposomes on the surface of AuNR@MSN enables faster cellular internalization and enhancement of endocytosis. Under one-time NIR two-photon illumination, AuNR-mediated hyperthermia can kill cancer cells directly. Meanwhile, the loaded photosensitizer, hypocrellin B, generates two kinds of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce cell apoptosis. Remarkably, hyperthermia can improve the yield of ROS. After intravenous injection of this bioconjugate into female BALB/c nude mice followed by laser irradiation (808 nm, 1.3 W cm(-2), 6 min), the tumor growth is suppressed completely. The tumors are not recurrent within the observation time (19 days), and the normal or main organs are not obviously pathological. Thus, such a simplified and selective cancer treatment, combining photothermal and photodynamic therapy in a synergistic manner, provides outstanding efficiency in vivo. This nanocomplex with well-defined core@shell nanostructures integrated with a two-photon technique holds great promise to improve cancer phototherapy with a high efficiency in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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37
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Liu G, Qin H, Amano T, Murakami T, Komatsu N. Direct Fabrication of the Graphene-Based Composite for Cancer Phototherapy through Graphite Exfoliation with a Photosensitizer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:23402-23406. [PMID: 26457374 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the application of pristine graphene as a drug carrier for phototherapy (PT). The loading of a photosensitizer, chlorin e6 (Ce6), was achieved simply by sonication of Ce6 and graphite in an aqueous solution. During the loading process, graphite was gradually exfoliated to graphene to give its composite with Ce6 (G-Ce6). This one-step approach is considered to be superior to the graphene oxide (GO)-based composites, which required pretreatment of graphite by strong oxidation. Additionally, the directly exfoliated graphene ensured a high drug loading capacity, 160 wt %, which is about 10 times larger than that of the functionalized GO. Furthermore, the Ce6 concentration for killing cells by G-Ce6 is 6-75 times less than that of the other Ce6 composites including GO-Ce6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hongmei Qin
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tsukuru Amano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science , Seta, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science , Seta, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Naoki Komatsu
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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38
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Wang Z, Ma R, Yan L, Chen X, Zhu G. Combined chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy using a nanohybrid based on layered double hydroxides to conquer cisplatin resistance. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11587-90. [PMID: 26096645 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A nanohybrid is assembled by ratiometrically co-loading Pt(IV) prodrugs and photosensitizers into layered double hydroxide nanoparticles. The nanohybrid shows synergistic cell-killing effects and is significantly active against the proliferation of cisplatin-resistant human cancer cells with nanomolar IC50 values. Profound mechanistic investigations confirm its action mode of combined chemo- and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR.
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Yu J, Chu X, Hou Y. Stimuli-responsive cancer therapy based on nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:11614-30. [PMID: 25058003 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03984j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have recently been well investigated for cancer therapy. Among them, those that are responsive to internal or external stimuli are promising due to their flexibility. In this feature article, we provide an overview on stimuli-sensitive cancer therapy, using pH- and reduction-sensitive NPs, as well as light- and magnetic field-responsive NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Gamaleia NF, Shton IO. Gold mining for PDT: Great expectations from tiny nanoparticles. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:221-31. [PMID: 25818545 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among many and various products, born by the modern nanotechnology, gold nanoparticles roused a special interest of biomedical researchers. Unique features of the nanoparticles allow to use them not only as effective transporters for therapeutic agents but also as basic components of nanocomposite preparations intended for targeted photodynamic and photothermal therapy of tumours. In the review, physical, chemical and biological properties of gold nanoparticles which can promote PDT efficiency of a designed nanocomposite, are briefly characterized, and promising trends in creation of gold-containing composite photosensitizers are analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai F Gamaleia
- Laboratory of Quantum Nanobiology, R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45 Vasylkivska Str., Kyiv 03022, Ukraine.
| | - Irina O Shton
- Laboratory of Quantum Nanobiology, R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45 Vasylkivska Str., Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
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Kochuveedu ST, Kim DH. Surface plasmon resonance mediated photoluminescence properties of nanostructured multicomponent fluorophore systems. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:4966-4984. [PMID: 24710702 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00241e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between light and matter is the fundamental aspect of many optoelectronic applications. The efficiency of such devices is mainly dictated by the light emitting properties of fluorophores. Unfortunately, the intensity of emission is adversely affected by surface defects, scattering and chemical instability. Therefore, enhancing the luminescence of fluorophores is necessary for better implementation of nanocomposites in biological and optical applications. There are many interesting phenomena which can be observed if the characteristics of the fluorophores and metal nanoparticles are integrated. Photoluminescence (PL) by fluorophores can be enhanced or quenched by the presence of neighboring plasmonic metal nanostructures. An unambiguous study of the mechanism behind the enhancement and the quenching of emission is necessary to obtain new insight into the interactions between light and metal-fluorophore nanocomposites. In this review the core aspect of combining plasmonic metal nanostructures with fluorophores is discussed by considering various functional roles of plasmonic metals in modifying the PL properties reported by various research groups. A few representative applications of SPR mediated luminescence are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saji Thomas Kochuveedu
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Global Top 5 Research Program, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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Xu YK, Hwang S, Kim S, Chen JY. Two orders of magnitude fluorescence enhancement of aluminum phthalocyanines by gold nanocubes: a remarkable improvement for cancer cell imaging and detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:5619-28. [PMID: 24660776 DOI: 10.1021/am500106c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) by metal nanoparticles is a useful technique for fluorescence detections in biological systems. The MEF effects with gold nanorods (AuNRs) and nanocubes (AuNCs) for fluorescence enhancements of sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPcS), a commonly used and clinical approved photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy of cancers, were studied in this work. For the AuNRs which have the low aspect ratios with the corresponding longitudinal surface plasma resonance (LSPR) band in the region of 600-750 nm, the fluorescence quenching of conjugated AlPcS was found. Whereas for the AuNRs that have the LSPR bands of 800-900 nm, the MEF of AlPcS was obtained with the enhancing factor of 2-6 times, respectively. Using AuNCs, a great enhancement of AlPcS fluorescence was achieved with an enhancing factor of 150 times. Using two cancer cell lines as in vitro models, an outstanding fluorescence enhancement of AlPcS-AuNCs conjugates in cells, relative to AlPcS alone, was obtained under one-photon excitation (OPE) of 405 nm. Moreover, the bright fluorescence image of AlPcS-AuNCs in cells was also achieved under the two-photon excitation (TPE) of an 800 nm femtosecond laser. The high-quality cell imaging with either OPE or TPE demonstrated the potential of AlPcS-AuNCs in cancer cell detections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
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Tian X, Guo J, Tian Y, Tang H, Yang W. Modulated fluorescence properties in fluorophore-containing gold nanorods@mSiO2. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46082g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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