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Yang J, Wan R, Zhang Z, Tian G, Ju S, Luo H, Peng B, Qiu Y. ScSeI Monolayer for Photocatalytic Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39235951 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c11547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
We theoretically identify the ScSeI monolayer as a promising new 2D material for photocatalysis through first-principles calculations. The most notable feature is the significant difference in carrier mobility, with electron mobility in the horizontal direction being 20.66 times higher than hole mobility, minimizing electron-hole recombination. The ScSeI monolayer exhibits a bandgap of 2.51 eV, with the valence band maximum at -6.37 eV and the conduction band minimum at -3.86 eV, meeting the requirements for water splitting. Phosphorus doping lowers the Gibbs free energy by 1.63 eV, enhancing the catalytic activity. The ScSeI monolayer achieves a hydrogen production efficiency of 17%, surpassing the commercial threshold of 10% and shows excellent mechanical, thermal, and dynamic stability, indicating feasibility for experimental synthesis and practical application. Additionally, the monolayer maintains its photocatalytic properties under tensile strain (-6% to 6%) and in aqueous environments, reinforcing its potential as an effective photocatalyst. Based on these findings, we believe the ScSeI monolayer is a highly promising photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfu Yang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Rundong Wan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Zhengfu Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Guocai Tian
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Shaohua Ju
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Huilong Luo
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Biaolin Peng
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Shenyang Aluminum Magnesium Design and Research Institute, Shenyang 110011, China
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de Moraes NP, Marins LGP, de Moura Yamanaka MY, Bacani R, da Silva Rocha R, Rodrigues LA. Efficient photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol under solar radiation using a new ZnO/ZnS/carbon xerogel composite as a photocatalyst. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Maarisetty D, Mahanta S, Sahoo AK, Mohapatra P, Baral SS. Steering the Charge Kinetics in Dual-Functional Photocatalysis by Surface Dipole Moments and Band Edge Modulation: A Defect Study in TiO 2-ZnS-rGO Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:11679-11692. [PMID: 32067446 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Developing an efficient photocatalyst for concurrent hydrogen production and environmental remediation by using solar energy is a challenge. Defect engineering, although it offers a strategical promise to enhance the photocatalytic performance, has limitations that come from the ambiguity surrounding its role. In the current work, a comprehensive study on defects in promoting the charge transfer, band edge modulation, and surface reaction was carried out. The excess electrons springing from defects act like donor states and cause band bending at the junction interface. Characterization techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, and photoluminescence were employed to investigate defect functionality, and its ultimate effect on photocatalytic performance was studied by simultaneous H2 production and methylene blue degradation. The role of graphene in optoelectronics and defect formation in the composite catalysts was explored. In addition, efforts have been made to unveil the reaction pathway for hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction where excess defect density greatly hampered the quantum yield of the process. Results suggest that maintaining optimal defect concentration aborts the undesired thermodynamically favored back reactions. The conduction band and valence band values of the catalysts indicate that the photocatalytic mechanism was dominated by the electron pathway. Graphene acted as an effective electron sink when its concentration was around 2.5-3%. The superior activity of TiO2-ZnS-rGO was attributed to the narrow bandgap, rapid separation of photo-excited charge carriers, and favorable conduction band position for photocatalytic reactions. This work may assist in exploring the fundamental role of defects in driving the photocatalytic reactions and improve the selectivity in heterogeneous photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep Maarisetty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, South Goa 403726, Goa, India
| | - Sasmita Mahanta
- Department of Chemistry C.V.Raman College of Engineering, Bhubaneswar 752054, India
| | - Akshaya Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Model Degree College, Nuapada, Khariar 766107, Odisha, India
| | - Priyabrat Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry C.V.Raman College of Engineering, Bhubaneswar 752054, India
| | - Saroj Sundar Baral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, South Goa 403726, Goa, India
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Wrighton-Araneda K, Ruby-Figueroa R, Estay H, Cortés-Arriagada D. Interaction of H 2O with (CuS) n, (Cu 2S) n, and (ZnS) n small clusters (n = 1-4, 6): relation to the aggregation characteristics of metal sulfides at aqueous solutions. J Mol Model 2019; 25:291. [PMID: 31473832 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of H2O onto small CuS, Cu2S, and ZnS clusters was theoretically studied by Density Functional Theory computations to get insights into the aggregation characteristics of metal sulfides at aqueous solutions. The results show the charge-controlled interactions with polarized solvent molecules are favored on the ZnS clusters compared with CuS and Cu2S clusters. Moreover, the chemical adsorption of H2O molecules is energetically favored onto ZnS clusters with higher interaction energies of up to 35.4 kcal/mol compared with CuS and Cu2S clusters (up to 31.3 kcal/mol), where the stability of H2O adsorption decreases as the size of the clusters increases. However, thermochemical analysis shows that the adsorption of H2O on copper sulfides is not a spontaneous process at room temperature. Additionally, the electrostatic energy of H2O onto the Cu2S and CuS clusters is lower than that associated with the H2O-H2O interactions, suggesting that copper precipitates prefer to bind between them at early stages of the precipitation process due to an unfavorable solvent-solute interaction. Dispersion forces play a relative key role in the interaction of water on copper sulfides, while for zinc sulfide clusters, the adsorption energy is slightly influenced by dispersion contributions. Accordingly, the aggregation of zinc sulfides in a water environment is expected to be lower compared with copper sulfides, and where the aggregation characteristics are not determined by the binding energy of the sulfides, but of the ability to interact with the solvent molecules. These statements were confirmed by experimental optical microscopy analysis and settling tests during precipitation processes in water. Therefore, this work allows proposing a simple strategy to study the aggregation characteristics of metal sulfides, which turns useful for use in hydrometallurgical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Wrighton-Araneda
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile
| | - René Ruby-Figueroa
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile
| | - Humberto Estay
- Advanced Mining Technology Center (AMTC), University of Chile, Av. Tupper 2007 (AMTC Building), Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Cortés-Arriagada
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile.
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Conejeros S, Allan NL, Claeyssens F, Hart JN. Graphene and novel graphitic ZnO and ZnS nanofilms: the energy landscape, non-stoichiometry and water dissociation. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:1924-1935. [PMID: 36134212 PMCID: PMC9419858 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00155c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The energy landscapes of ultra-thin nanofilms of ZnO and ZnS are examined in detail using periodic hybrid density functional calculations. We predict new staggered graphitic forms, which are stable only for the thinnest films and are of particular interest as the electronic structure shows a spontaneous symmetry breaking across the film and consequently a marked decrease in band gap with thickness. The relative energies of the various forms, their structural and electronic properties and their variation with film thickness are discussed. Possible kinetic pathways for transitions from the graphitic forms are examined by explicit evaluation of transition state energies. For polar surfaces, such as (0001) würtzite and (111) zinc blende, many different mechanisms operate to remove or reduce the surface dipole depending on the number of layers in the nanofilm. The polar ZnS nanofilms, but not the polar ZnO analogues or any non-polar film, are predicted to spontaneously become non-stoichiometric by loss of zinc atoms from the surface. The behaviour of adsorbed water on the ultra-thin films is also examined. There is no dissociation on any ZnS film. For ZnO, dissociation into OH- and H+ takes place not only on (101̄0) würtzite, but also on (110) zinc blende. This result that does not appear to have been reported previously and deserves future experimental study. While we concentrate on ZnO and ZnS, similar energy landscapes are expected for any oxide or sulphide which adopts the würtzite or zinc blende structure in the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Conejeros
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Católica del Norte Av. Angamos 0610 Antofagasta 1240000 Chile
| | - Neil L Allan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- University of Sheffield, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute Broad Lane Sheffield S3 7HQ UK
| | - Judy N Hart
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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Chandrasekaran S, Yao L, Deng L, Bowen C, Zhang Y, Chen S, Lin Z, Peng F, Zhang P. Recent advances in metal sulfides: from controlled fabrication to electrocatalytic, photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting and beyond. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4178-4280. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00664d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review describes an in-depth overview and knowledge on the variety of synthetic strategies for forming metal sulfides and their potential use to achieve effective hydrogen generation and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Yao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
| | - Libo Deng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- China
| | - Chris Bowen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
| | - Sanming Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Feng Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Peixin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- China
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Lee J, Ham S, Choi D, Jang DJ. Facile fabrication of porous ZnS nanostructures with a controlled amount of S vacancies for enhanced photocatalytic performances. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:14254-14263. [PMID: 30010687 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02936a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ZnS nanostructures of barbell-shaped porous and hollow nanoplates with a controlled amount of S vacancies have been facilely fabricated via the hydrothermal treatment of ZnS(en)0.5 (en = ethylenediamine) nanoplates. The amount of S vacancies as well as the morphologies of ZnS nanostructures have been controlled by adjusting the hydrolysis time; the layered structure of ZnS(en)0.5 nanoplates decomposes to yield discrete ZnS nanoparticles at two end facets of template nanoplates, producing barbell-shaped porous and hollow ZnS nanoplates with abundant S vacancies finally. The photocatalytic activity of ZnS nanostructures prepared via hydrolysis for 4 h is 8.2 times higher than that of commercial ZnS. The photocatalytic activity of ZnS nanostructures increases with the increase of emission at 390 nm arising from sulfur vacancies, suggesting that the high photocatalytic efficiency of ZnS nanostructures results mainly from the high amount of sulfur vacancies. Surface defects such as sulfur vacancies can trap photogenerated electrons to block the recombination of charges, enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency of the as-prepared ZnS nanostructures. It has also been found that both ˙OH and ˙O2- act as the major reactive species in the photocatalytic decomposition of rhodamine B via our prepared ZnS nanostructures. Barbell-shaped porous and hollow ZnS nanoplates are suggested to have great applicability to photocatalysts in waste-water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Sooho Ham
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Dayeon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Du-Jeon Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Huang X, Jones T, Fan H, Willinger MG. Real-time atomic scale observation of void formation and anisotropic growth in II-VI semiconducting ribbons. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:12479-12485. [PMID: 28816305 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02231j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Void formation in semiconductors is generally considered to be deteriorating. However, for some systems, void formation and evolution are beneficial and can be used for the fabrication of novel nanostructures. In either scenario, the understanding of void formation and evolution is of both scientific and technical high importance. Herein, using ZnS ribbons as an example, we report real-time observations of void formation and the kinetics of growth at the nano- and atomic scales upon heating. Direct imaging reveals that voids, created by a focused electron beam in wurtzite (WZ) ribbons, have a rectangular shape elongated along the <0001> direction. The voids are enclosed by low-surface-energy planes including {01-10} and {2-1-10}, with minor contribution from the higher-energy {0001} planes. Driven by thermodynamics to minimize surface energy, the voids grow straight along the [000±1] directions, exhibiting a strong anisotropy. Occasionally, we observe oscillatory kinetics involving periodic void growth and shrinkage, likely due to the fluctuation of the local chemical potential leading to a transitional kinetic state. We also reveal that the morphology and growth kinetics of voids are highly structure-dependent. Real-time observation during void growth through the complex WZ-zinc blende (ZB)-WZ structure shows that the void, with an initial elongated rectangular morphology in the WZ domain, transforms into a different shape, dominated by the {110} surfaces, after migrating to a domain of the ZB structure. However, when the void moves from the ZB to the WZ domain, it transforms back into a rectangular shape followed by fast growth along the [0001] direction. Our experimental results, together with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, provide valuable insights into the mechanistic understanding of void formation and evolution in semiconductors. More importantly, our study may shed light on new pathways for the morphological modulation of nanostructures by utilizing the intrinsic anisotropy of void evolution in WZ semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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9
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First-principles investigation of Cu-doped ZnS with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production activity. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhou Z, Han F, Guo L, Prezhdo OV. Understanding divergent behaviors in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction on CdS and ZnS: a DFT based study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:16862-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02599d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pt affects photocatalytic HER on CdS(ZnS) as a compromise of the free energy of H* adsorption and CBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Zhou
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Fengshuang Han
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Liejin Guo
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles 90007
- USA
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Chamorro W, Shyju TS, Boulet P, Migot S, Ghanbaja J, Miska P, Kuppusami P, Pierson JF. Role of Cu+ on ZnS:Cu p-type semiconductor films grown by sputtering: influence of substitutional Cu in the structural, optical and electronic properties. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05819a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ZnS:Cu films were synthetized by co-sputtering. A Cu content higher than 10.6 at% lead to changes as the shrinkage of the ZnS:Cu cell and development of a p-type behavior. These results are explained by the substitution of Zn+2 ions by Cu+ ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Chamorro
- Institut Jean Lamour (UMR CNRS 7198)
- Université de Lorraine
- Nancy F-54011
- France
| | - T. S. Shyju
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Sathyabama University
- Chennai-600119
- India
- Centre of Excellence for Energy Research
| | - P. Boulet
- Institut Jean Lamour (UMR CNRS 7198)
- Université de Lorraine
- Nancy F-54011
- France
| | - S. Migot
- Institut Jean Lamour (UMR CNRS 7198)
- Université de Lorraine
- Nancy F-54011
- France
| | - J. Ghanbaja
- Institut Jean Lamour (UMR CNRS 7198)
- Université de Lorraine
- Nancy F-54011
- France
| | - P. Miska
- Institut Jean Lamour (UMR CNRS 7198)
- Université de Lorraine
- Nancy F-54011
- France
| | - P. Kuppusami
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Sathyabama University
- Chennai-600119
- India
- Centre of Excellence for Energy Research
| | - J. F. Pierson
- Institut Jean Lamour (UMR CNRS 7198)
- Université de Lorraine
- Nancy F-54011
- France
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Pan H, Meng X, Qin G. Hydrogen generation by water splitting on hematite (0001) surfaces: first-principles calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:25442-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03209h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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