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Boydas EB, Roemelt M. The trials and triumphs of modelling X-ray absorption spectra of transition metal phthalocyanines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 39015952 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01900h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the electronic structure of Co, Fe and Mn phthalocyanines (TMPcs) as well as their perfluorinated counterparts through a series of electronic structure calculations utilizing multireference methods and by simulating their metal L-edge and ligand (nitrogen and fluorine) K-edge X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) in an angle-resolved manner. Simulations targeting different ground-state symmetries, where relevant, have been conducted to observe changes in the N K-edge lineshape. The applicability of the quasi-degenerate formulation of n-electron valence state perturbation theory (QD-NEVPT2) for L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is evaluated, alongside the use of a restricted active space (RAS) formalism to describe the final-state multiplets generated by L-shell X-ray processes. Our findings provide valuable insights into the electronic properties of TMPcs, in particular with respect to the effect of fluorination, and demonstrate the broad applicability of various formulations of NEVPT2 in spectral simulations. Moreover, this study highlights the utility of manual truncation of the configuration spaces in order to allow for large active orbital spaces in aforementioned calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Birsen Boydas
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Michael Roemelt
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Schio L, Bavdek G, Grazioli C, Obersnù C, Cossaro A, Goldoni A, Calloni A, Bossi A, Bussetti G, Orbelli Biroli A, Vittadini A, Floreano L. Seeding the vertical growth of laterally coherent coordination polymers on the rutile-TiO 2(110) surface. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:13071-13078. [PMID: 38895745 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01309c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Coordination polymers may be synthesized by linear bridging ligands to metal ions with conventional chemistry methods (e.g. in solution). Such complexes can be hardly brought onto a substrate with the chemical, spatial and geometrical homogeneity required for device integration. Instead, we follow an in situ synthesis approach, where the anchoring points are provided by a monolayer of metal(II)-tetraphenylporphyrin (M-TPP, M = Cu, Zn, Co) grown in vacuum on the rutile-TiO2(110) surface. We probed the metal affinity to axial coordination by further deposition of symmetric dipyridyl-naphthalenediimide (DPNDI). By NEXAFS linear polarization dichroism, we show that DPNDI stands up on Zn- and Co-TPP thanks to axial coordination, whereas it lies down on the substrate for Cu-TPP. Calculations for a model pyridine ligand predict strong binding to Zn and Co cations, whose interaction with the O anions underneath is disrupted by surface trans effect. The weaker interactions between pyridine and Cu-TPP are then overcome by the strong attraction between TiO2 and DPNDI. The binding sites exposed by the homeotropic alignment of the ditopic DPNDI ligand on Zn- and Co-TPP are the foundations to grow coordination polymers preserving the lateral coherence of the basal layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Schio
- CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, Trieste 34149, Italy.
| | - Gregor Bavdek
- CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, Trieste 34149, Italy.
- Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana, Kardeljeva Ploščad 16, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Cesare Grazioli
- CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, Trieste 34149, Italy.
| | - Claudia Obersnù
- CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, Trieste 34149, Italy.
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgeri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Albano Cossaro
- CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, Trieste 34149, Italy.
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgeri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Andrea Goldoni
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Alberto Calloni
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, P. za Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Alberto Bossi
- CNR-SCITEC and SmartMatLab, Via Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Gianlorenzo Bussetti
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, P. za Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Vittadini
- CNR-ICMATE and Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Luca Floreano
- CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, Trieste 34149, Italy.
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3
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Kumar A, Betti MG, Mariani C, Kumar M, Gargiani P, Soncini C, Pedio M. Intermixing of Unoccupied States of Metal Phthalocyanine Chains Assembled on Au(110). NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:158. [PMID: 38251124 PMCID: PMC10819670 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
A detailed inverse photoemission study unveils the unoccupied electronic structure induced by the adsorption of CuPc and CoPc phthalocyanines on Au(110) reconstructed channels. The different behavior in the two systems is related to the different intermixing of orbitals with the underlying gold states. Broadening of the density of states at the Fermi level is detected after CoPc adsorption, absent in the case CuPc. A detailed comparison with the element-selective X-ray absorption spectroscopy enlightens and complements the IPES results and confirms a surface-driven intermixing of the CoPc orbitals involved in the interaction, with the out-of-plane Co 3dz2 orbital strongly hybridized with the gold electronic states. Moreover, the contribution of the 3d empty states to the IPES data is reported for FePc, CoPc, and CuPc thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, 34012 Trieste, Italy; (A.K.); (M.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Betti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (M.G.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Carlo Mariani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (M.G.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Manvendra Kumar
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, 34012 Trieste, Italy; (A.K.); (M.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Shri Vaishnav Vidyapeeth Vishwavidyalaya, Ujjain Road, Indore 453111, India
| | - Pierluigi Gargiani
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Cristian Soncini
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, 34012 Trieste, Italy; (A.K.); (M.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maddalena Pedio
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerch, V. A. Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy
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4
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Casotto A, Drera G, Perilli D, Freddi S, Pagliara S, Zanotti M, Schio L, Verdini A, Floreano L, Di Valentin C, Sangaletti L. π-Orbital mediated charge transfer channels in a monolayer Gr-NiPc heterointerface unveiled by soft X-ray electron spectroscopies and DFT calculations. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13166-13177. [PMID: 36039896 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02647c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the aim to identify charge transfer channels underlying device development and operation, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Near-Edge X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS), and Resonant Photoelectron Spectroscopy (ResPES) have been employed to characterize a novel heterointerface obtained by the controlled evaporation of a Nickel Phthalocyanine (NiPc) monolayer on a single layer of Graphene (Gr) on SiC substrate. Indeed, the Gr-NiPc interface could be a promising candidate for different applications in the field of photonics, optoelectronics, and sensing, provided that clear information on the charge transfer mechanisms at the Gr-NiPc interface can be obtained. The analysis of the spectroscopic data has shown the effective functionalization and the horizontally-flat disposition of the NiPc complexes over the Gr layer. With this geometry, the main intermolecular interaction experienced by the NiPc species is the coupling with the Gr substrate, through π-symmetry orbitals, as revealed by the different behaviour of the valence band photoemission at resonance with the N K-edge and Ni L3-edge. These results have been supported by the analysis of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, that allowed for a rationalization of the experimental data, showing that charge transfer at the interface occurs from the doubly degenerate eg LUMO orbital, involving mainly N and C (pyrrole ring) pz states, to the holes in the p-doped graphene layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Casotto
- I-LAMP and Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via della Garzetta 48, 25133 Brescia, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Giovanni Drera
- I-LAMP and Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via della Garzetta 48, 25133 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Daniele Perilli
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Sonia Freddi
- I-LAMP and Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via della Garzetta 48, 25133 Brescia, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefania Pagliara
- I-LAMP and Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via della Garzetta 48, 25133 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Michele Zanotti
- I-LAMP and Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via della Garzetta 48, 25133 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Luca Schio
- CNR-IOM, Lab. TASC, s.s. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Luca Floreano
- CNR-IOM, Lab. TASC, s.s. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristiana Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Sangaletti
- I-LAMP and Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via della Garzetta 48, 25133 Brescia, Italy.
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5
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The Magnetic Behaviour of CoTPP Supported on Coinage Metal Surfaces in the Presence of Small Molecules: A Molecular Cluster Study of the Surface trans-Effect. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12020218. [PMID: 35055236 PMCID: PMC8778902 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory, combined with the molecular cluster model, has been used to investigate the surface trans-effect induced by the coordination of small molecules L (L = CO, NH3, NO, NO2 and O2) on the cobalt electronic structure of cobalt tetraphenylporphyrinato (CoTPP) surface-supported on coinage metal surfaces (Cu, Ag, and Au). Regardless of whether L has a closed- or an open-shell electronic structure, its coordination to Co takes out the direct interaction between Co and the substrate eventually present. The CO and NH3 bonding to CoTPP does not influence the Co local electronic structure, while the NO (NO2 and O2) coordination induces a Co reduction (oxidation), generating a 3d8 CoI (3d6 CoIII) magnetically silent closed-shell species. Theoretical outcomes herein reported demonstrate that simple and computationally inexpensive models can be used not only to rationalize but also to predict the effects of the Co–L bonding on the magnetic behaviour of CoTPP chemisorbed on coinage metals. The same model may be straightforwardly extended to other transition metals or coordinated molecules.
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6
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Baby A, Marcaud G, Dappe YJ, D'Angelo M, Cantin JL, Silly M, Fratesi G. Phthalocyanine reactivity and interaction on the 6H-SiC(0001)-(3×3) surface by core-level experiments and simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14937-14946. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00750a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of phthalocyanine (H2Pc) on the 6H-SiC(0001)-(3×3) surface is investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations....
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7
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Carlotto S, Sambi M, Sedona F, Vittadini A, Casarin M. A Theoretical Study of the Occupied and Unoccupied Electronic Structure of High- and Intermediate-Spin Transition Metal Phthalocyaninato (Pc) Complexes: VPc, CrPc, MnPc, and FePc. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 11:nano11010054. [PMID: 33379291 PMCID: PMC7824030 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The structural, electronic, and spectroscopic properties of high- and intermediate-spin transition metal phthalocyaninato complexes (MPc; M = V, Cr, Mn and Fe) have been theoretically investigated to look into the origin, symmetry and strength of the M–Pc bonding. DFT calculations coupled to the Ziegler’s extended transition state method and to an advanced charge density and bond order analysis allowed us to assess that the M–Pc bonding is dominated by σ interactions, with FePc having the strongest and most covalent M–Pc bond. According to experimental evidence, the lightest MPcs (VPc and CrPc) have a high-spin ground state (GS), while the MnPc and FePc GS spin is intermediate. Insights into the MPc unoccupied electronic structure have been gained by modelling M L2,3-edges X-ray absorption spectroscopy data from the literature through the exploitation of the current Density Functional Theory variant of the Restricted Open-Shell Configuration Interaction Singles (DFT/ROCIS) method. Besides the overall agreement between theory and experiment, the DFT/ROCIS results indicate that spectral features lying at the lowest excitation energies (EEs) are systematically generated by electronic states having the same GS spin multiplicity and involving M-based single electronic excitations; just as systematically, the L3-edge higher EE region of all the MPcs herein considered includes electronic states generated by metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer transitions involving the lowest-lying π* orbital (7eg) of the phthalocyaninato ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carlotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.S.); (F.S.)
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l’Energia (ICMATE-CNR), via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Mauro Sambi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Sedona
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Andrea Vittadini
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l’Energia (ICMATE-CNR), via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.S.); (F.S.)
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l’Energia (ICMATE-CNR), via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (M.C.)
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8
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Jonas A, Dammer K, Stiel H, Kanngiesser B, Sánchez-de-Armas R, Mantouvalou I. Transient Sub-nanosecond Soft X-ray NEXAFS Spectroscopy on Organic Thin Films. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15611-15615. [PMID: 33206514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate visible pump soft X-ray probe near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy measurements at the carbon K edge on thin molecular films in the laboratory. This opens new opportunities through the use of laboratory equipment for chemical speciation. We investigate the metal-free porphyrin derivative tetra(tert-butyl)porphyrazine as an ideal model system to elucidate electronic properties of tetrapyrroles like chlorophyll or heme. In contrast to measurements in gas or liquid state, the investigation of thin films is of high interest in the field of optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices though challenging due to the low damage thresholds of the samples upon excitation. With a careful pre-characterization using optical techniques, successful measurements were performed using a NEXAFS spectrometer based on a laser-produced plasma source and reflection zone plates with a resolving power of 1000 and a time resolution of 0.5 ns. In combination with density functional theory calculations, first insights into a long-lived excitonic state are gained and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Jonas
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany.,Analytical X-ray Physics, TU Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Dammer
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany.,Analytical X-ray Physics, TU Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Stiel
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany.,Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Kanngiesser
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany.,Analytical X-ray Physics, TU Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ioanna Mantouvalou
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany.,Analytical X-ray Physics, TU Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Roy D, Sinha S, Wang CH, Yang YW, Mukherjee M. Interfacial Interaction of Absorbate Copper Phthalocyanine with PVDF Based Ferroelectric Polymer Substrates: A Spectroscopic Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4607-4618. [PMID: 32282215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies of CuPc thin films on underlying ferroelectric copolymeric and terpolymeric substrates have been performed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Work function (WF) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level shift observed from UPS spectroscopy for successive deposition of CuPc molecules on ferroelectric polymer surfaces confirm the formation of interface dipole at the CuPc-ferroelectric polymer interface owing to charge transfer from the tailing region of the CuPc HOMO density of states (DOS) to the ferroelectric polymer layer. According to our thickness dependent XPS data, CuPc molecules are coupled to the organic ferroelectric surfaces through the central metal atom of the CuPc molecules, i.e., copper atom, and the halogens of underlying ferroelectric polymer surfaces, and hence support the charge transfer phenomenon from CuPc molecules to the ferroelectric polymer substrate. Polarization dependent NEXAFS results reveal that CuPc molecules retain their tilted geometrical configuration even at submonolayer thickness of the molecular films on both ferroelectric surfaces and confirms the electronic structural disturbance associated with structural modification of CuPc molecules due to interfacial charge transfer. Therefore, the energy level alignment with increment in the thickness of CuPc films at both the organic semiconductor-ferroelectric polymer interface is controlled by the charge transfer phenomenon from deposited CuPc molecules to the organic ferroelectric substrates. Our results provide a clear understanding about chemical interactions, molecular configurations, energy level alignment, and their correlation at CuPc/polymeric ferroelectric interfaces that can be important for organic nonvolatile memory and synaptic based thin-film transistor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrubojyoti Roy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064, India
| | - Sumona Sinha
- S. N. Bose National Central for Basic Sciences, Kolkata-700106, India
| | - Chia-Hsin Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Wen Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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10
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Carlotto S, Finetti P, de Simone M, Coreno M, Casella G, Sambi M, Casarin M. Comparative Experimental and Theoretical Study of the C and O K-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy in Three Highly Popular, Low Spin Organoiron Complexes: [Fe(CO) 5], [(η 5-C 5H 5)Fe(CO)(μ-CO)] 2, and [(η 5-C 5H 5) 2Fe]. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:16411-16423. [PMID: 31756086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The unoccupied electronic structures of three closed-shell, highly popular organoiron complexes ([Fe(CO)5], [(η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)(μ-CO)]2, and [(η5-C5H5)2Fe]; 0, I, and II, respectively) have been investigated both experimentally and theoretically by combining original gas-phase X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) outcomes recorded at the C and O K-edge with results of scalar relativistic time-dependent density functional calculations carried out within the zeroth order regular approximation. Experimental evidence herein discussed complement the Fe L2,3-edges XAS ones we recently recorded, modeled, and assigned for the same complexes (Carlotto et al. Inorg. Chem. 2019, 58, 5844). The first-principle simulation of the C and O K-edge features allowed us to univocally identify the electronic states associated to the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) transitions both in I and in II. At variance to that, LMCT transitions with sizable oscillator strengths do not play any role in determining neither the C nor the O K-edge spectral pattern of 0. The higher π-acceptor capability of the CO ligand, regardless of its terminal or bridging coordination, with respect to [(η5-C5H5)]- is herein ultimately confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carlotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Francesco Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Paola Finetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Metodi dell'Ingegneria , Università di Modena , Via Università 4 , 41121 Modena , Italy
| | | | - Marcello Coreno
- CNR-ISM , Strada Statale 14 Basovizza , 34149 Trieste , Italy
| | - Girolamo Casella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare , Università degli Studi di Palermo , Via Archirafi 22 , 90123 Palermo , Italy
| | - Mauro Sambi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Francesco Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy.,Consorzio INSTM , Unità di Ricerca di Padova , Via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Francesco Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy.,CNR-ICMATE , Via Francesco Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
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11
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Carlotto S, Finetti P, de Simone M, Coreno M, Casella G, Sambi M, Casarin M. Comparative Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Fe L 2,3-Edges X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy in Three Highly Popular, Low-Spin Organoiron Complexes: [Fe(CO) 5], [(η 5-C 5H 5)Fe(CO)(μ-CO)] 2, and [(η 5-C 5H 5) 2Fe]. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:5844-5857. [PMID: 30998004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The occupied and unoccupied electronic structures of three highly popular, closed shell organoiron complexes ([Fe(CO)5], [(η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)(μ-CO)]2, and [(η5-C5H5)2Fe]) have been theoretically investigated by taking advantage of density functional theory (DFT) calculations coupled to the isolobal analogy ( Elian et al. Inorg. Chem. 1976 , 15 , 1148 ). The adopted approach allowed us to look into the relative role played by the ligand → Fe donation and the Fe → ligand back-donation in title molecules, as well as to investigate how CO- (terminal or bridging) and [(η5-C5H5)]--based π* orbitals compete when these two ligands are simultaneously present as in [(η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)(μ-CO)]2. Insights into the nature and the strength of the bonding between Fe and the C donor atoms have been gained by exploiting the Nalewajski-Mrozek bond multiplicity index ( Nalewajski et al. Int. J. Quantum Chem. 1994 , 51 , 187 ), which have been found especially sensitive even to tiny bond distance variations. The bonding picture emerging from ground state DFT results proved fruitful to guide the assignment of original, high-resolution, gas-phase L2,3-edges X-ray absorption spectra of the title molecules, which have been modeled by the two-component relativistic time-dependent DFT including spin orbit coupling and correlation effects and taking advantage of the full use of symmetry. Assignments alternative to those reported in the literature for both [Fe(CO)5] and [(η5-C5H5)2Fe] are herein proposed. Despite the high popularity of the investigated molecules, the complementary use of symmetry, orbital, and spectroscopy allowed us to further look into the metal-ligand symmetry-restricted-covalency and the differential-orbital covalency, which characterize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carlotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Francesco Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Paola Finetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Metodi dell'Ingegneria , Università di Modena , Via Università 4 , 41121 Modena , Italy
| | | | | | - Girolamo Casella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare , Università degli Studi di Palermo , Via Archirafi 22 , 90123 Palermo , Italy
| | - Mauro Sambi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Francesco Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Francesco Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy.,CNR - ICMATE , Via Francesco Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
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12
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Avvisati G, Gargiani P, Mondelli P, Presel F, Bignardi L, Baraldi A, Betti MG. Metal phthalocyanines interaction with Co mediated by a moiré graphene superlattice. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:054704. [PMID: 30736689 DOI: 10.1063/1.5080533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembling of metal phthalocyanines on the rippled moiré superlattice of graphene/Ir(111) intercalated with one Co layer is driven by the site-dependent polarization field induced by the incommensurate graphene-Co interface. We have performed an X-ray absorption and photoemission study to unveil the role of the metallic centers and of the organic ligands in the molecule-Co interaction process mediated by graphene. Notably, we consider different electronic molecular orbitals, i.e. phthalocyanines with Cu and Mn metallic ions. The spectroscopic response suggests almost unaltered CuPc molecular states upon adsorption, and the rippled graphene carpet decouples completely the electronic interaction between the molecules and the Co layer, while a slight hybridization is present for MnPcs. MnPc molecules, trapped in the valleys of the moiré graphene superlattice, slightly intermix, through the orbitals protruding out of the molecular plane, with the underlying Co, while the organic ligands are almost unaltered. Graphene acts as an interlayer and mediates the interaction between metal phthalocyanines and the metallic substrate, preventing a strong chemical intermixing and enabling the assembly of almost unaltered molecules, preserving their electronic/magnetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Avvisati
- Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Gargiani
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum, 2-26, E-08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francesco Presel
- Physics Department, University of Trieste, Via Valerio, 2, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Bignardi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14, Km 163.5, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste Italy
| | - Alessandro Baraldi
- Physics Department, University of Trieste, Via Valerio, 2, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
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13
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Carlotto S, Mohebbi E, Sedona F, Lo Cicero M, Colazzo L, Mariani C, Betti MG, Sambi M, Casarin M. An experimental and theoretical study of metallorganic coordination networks of tetrahydroxyquinone on Cu(111). NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04884g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT modeling of STM and XAS evidences investigated the adsorption of THQ@Cu(111) that generates different ordered configurations at different temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carlotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Elaheh Mohebbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Francesco Sedona
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Matteo Lo Cicero
- A.P.E. Research S.r.l
- AREA Science Park
- Basovizza
- 34149 Trieste
- Italy
| | - Luciano Colazzo
- Department of Physics
- EwhaWomans University
- Seoul 03760
- Republic of Korea
| | - Carlo Mariani
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Università di Roma “La Sapienza”
- I-00185 Roma
- Italy
| | | | - Mauro Sambi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
- Consorzio INSTM, Unità di Ricerca di Padova
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
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14
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15
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Casarin M, Carlotto S. “Pigments of Life”, Molecules Well Suited to Investigate Metal-Ligand Symmetry-Restricted Covalency. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Casarin
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padova; Via F. Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
- ICMATE CNR of Padova; via F. Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Silvia Carlotto
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padova; Via F. Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
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16
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Chantzis A, Kowalska JK, Maganas D, DeBeer S, Neese F. Ab Initio Wave Function-Based Determination of Element Specific Shifts for the Efficient Calculation of X-ray Absorption Spectra of Main Group Elements and First Row Transition Metals. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:3686-3702. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agisilaos Chantzis
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Joanna K. Kowalska
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Maganas
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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17
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Carlotto S, Sambi M, Rancan M, Casarin M. Theoretical Investigation of the Electronic Properties of Three Vanadium Phthalocyaninato (Pc) Based Complexes: PcV, PcVO, and PcVI. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1859-1869. [PMID: 29389113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The electronic properties of three vanadium phthalocyaninato (Pc) based complexes (PcV, PcVO, and PcVI; I-III, respectively) were theoretically investigated and corresponding VL2,3-edge XAS spectra modeled. Ground state (GS) DFT outcomes indicated that II is more stable than III by 141 kcal/mol; moreover, the Ziegler transition state method allowed us to estimate the PcV-X bond dissociation energy and to quantify σ/π contributions to the V-X interaction. As such, the Nalewajski-Mrozek V-X and V-N bond multiplicity indexes (V-O/V-I = 2.48/1.22; V-N = 0.64, 0.51, and 0.58 in I-III, respectively) state that the V-X bond strength and nature affect the V-N interaction. The coordination of X to V in the I → II/I → III reactions implies the transfer of two/one electrons from I to X. In both cases, the oxidation involves only the V ion; moreover, V 3d based orbitals from which electrons are transferred were identified. Literature I/IIL2,3-edge XAS data were modeled by exploiting the DFT/ROCIS method. The same protocol was adopted to predict IIIL2,3-edge XAS spectra. Theoretical results indicated that, along the whole series, spectral features lying at the lowest excitation energies (EEs) are mostly generated by states having the same GS spin multiplicity and involve 2pV → SOMO (single occupied molecular orbital) single electronic excitations. XAS features at higher EEs include only states with the same GS spin multiplicity in I, while states with both ΔS = 0 and ΔS = +1 (S = total spin quantum number) are present in II and III with significant, in some cases prevailing, contributions from metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excitations. Beyond the role played by MLCT transitions in determining XAS patterns, it is noteworthy that they involve only Pc-based empty orbitals with no participation of the X-based virtual levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carlotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Sambi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marzio Rancan
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, ICMATE-CNR , Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Istituto di Chimica della Materia condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, ICMATE-CNR , Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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18
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Carlotto S, Floreano L, Cossaro A, Dominguez M, Rancan M, Sambi M, Casarin M. The electronic properties of three popular high spin complexes [TM(acac) 3, TM = Cr, Mn, and Fe] revisited: an experimental and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:24840-24854. [PMID: 28868556 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04461e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The occupied and unoccupied electronic structures of three high spin TM(acac)3 (TM = Cr, Mn, and Fe) complexes (I, II, and III, respectively) were studied by revisiting their literature vapour-phase He(i) and, when available, He(ii) photoemission (PE) spectra and by means of original near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopic data recorded at the O K-edge (OK-edge) and TM L2,3-edges (TML2,3-edges). The assignments of the vapour-phase He(i)/He(ii) PE spectra were guided by the results of spin-unrestricted non-relativistic Slater transition state calculations, while the OK-edge and TML2,3-edge spectroscopic pieces of evidence were analysed by exploiting the results of spin-unrestricted scalar-relativistic time-dependent density functional theory (DFT) and DFT/ROCIS calculations, respectively. Although the actual symmetry (D3, in the absence of any Jahn-Teller distortion) of the title molecules allowed an extensive mixing between TM t2g-like and eg-like atomic orbitals, the use of the Nalewajski-Mrozek TM-O bond multiplicity index combined with a thorough analysis of the ground state (GS) outcomes allowed the assessment of the TM-O bond weakening associated with the progressive TM 3d-based eg-like orbital filling. The experimental information provided by OK-edge spectra was rather poor; nevertheless, the combined use of symmetry, orbitals and spectra allowed us (i) to rationalise minor differences characterizing spectral features along the series, (ii) to quantify the contribution provided by the ligand-to-metal-charge-transfer (LMCT) excitations to the different spectral features, and (iii) to recognize the t2g-/eg-like nature of the TM 3d-based orbitals involved in LMCT transitions. As far as the TML2,3-edge spectra and the DFT/ROCIS results were concerned, the lowest lying I,IIL3 spectral features included states having either the GS spin multiplicity (S(I) = 3/2, S(II) = 2) or, at higher excitation energies (EEs), states with ΔS = ±1. In contrast to that, only states with ΔS = 0, -1 significantly contributed to the IIIL3 spectral pattern. Along the whole series, the L3 higher EE side was systematically characterized by states involving TM2p → π4 MLCT excitations; as such, coupled-single excitations with ΔS = 0 were involved in I and II, while single MLCT TM2p → π4 transitions with ΔS = -1 were involved in III.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Carlotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
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19
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Mukherjee T, Sinha S, Mukherjee M. Electronic structure of twisted and planar rubrene molecules: a density functional study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:18623-18629. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02318b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectra (XAS), the density of states (DOS) and the electron density distribution of the HOMO and LUMO for flat and twisted rubrene molecules have been calculated using density functional theory (DFT).
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Mukherjee
- Physics Department
- Bhairab Ganguly College
- Kolkata-700056
- India
| | - Sumona Sinha
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Kolkata – 700064
- India
| | - M. Mukherjee
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Kolkata – 700064
- India
- Adjunct Professor at Department of Physics
- B. R. Ambedkar Bihar University
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20
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Semushkina GI, Mazalov LN, Basova TV. Experimental and theoretical study of X-ray K edges absorption spectra of carbon and nitrogen in the phthalocyanine H2Pc molecule. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476616070064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Elzein R, Chang CM, Ponomareva I, Gao WY, Ma S, Schlaf R. Advanced Photoemission Spectroscopy Investigations Correlated with DFT Calculations on the Self-Assembly of 2D Metal Organic Frameworks Nano Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:31403-31412. [PMID: 27768293 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) deposited from solution have the potential to form 2-dimensional supramolecular thin films suitable for molecular electronic applications. However, the main challenges lie in achieving selective attachment to the substrate surface, and the integration of organic conductive ligands into the MOF structure to achieve conductivity. The presented results demonstrate that photoemission spectroscopy combined with preparation in a system-attached glovebox can be used to characterize the electronic structure of such systems. The presented results demonstrate that porphyrin-based 2D MOF structures can be produced and that they exhibit similar electronic structure to that of corresponding conventional porphyrin thin films. Porphyrin MOF multilayer thin films were grown on Au substrates prefunctionalized with 4-mercaptopyridine (MP) via incubation in a glovebox, which was connected to an ultrahigh vacuum system outfitted with photoelectron spectroscopy. The thin film growth process was carried out in several sequential steps. In between individual steps the surface was characterized by photoemission spectroscopy to determine the valence bands and evaluate the growth mode of the film. A comprehensive evaluation of X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES) data was performed and correlated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the density of states (DOS) of the films involved to yield the molecular-level insights into the growth and the electronic properties of MOF-based 2D thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwan Elzein
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Chun-Min Chang
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
- Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Inna Ponomareva
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Wen-Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Shengqian Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Rudy Schlaf
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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22
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Carlotto S, Sambi M, Sedona F, Vittadini A, Bartolomé J, Bartolomé F, Casarin M. L2,3-edges absorption spectra of a 2D complex system: a theoretical modelling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:28110-28116. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04787d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ground state theoretical outcomes pertaining to FePc (I) and FePc(η2-O2) (II) provide an intimate understanding of the electron transfer pathway ruling the catalytic oxygen reduction reaction of I on Ag(110).
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Carlotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - M. Sambi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - F. Sedona
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - A. Vittadini
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia – ICMATE
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - J. Bartolomé
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada
- Universidad de Zaragoza – CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - F. Bartolomé
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada
- Universidad de Zaragoza – CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - M. Casarin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia – ICMATE
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23
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Mangione G, Carlotto S, Sambi M, Ligorio G, Timpel M, Vittadini A, Nardi MV, Casarin M. Electronic structures of CuTPP and CuTPP(F) complexes. A combined experimental and theoretical study I. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:18727-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01423b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CuTPP and CuTPP(F) core levels and valence band states are consistently investigated in great detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mauro Sambi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova
- Italy
| | - Giovanni Ligorio
- Department of Physics
- Supramolecular Systems Division “SMS”
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Melanie Timpel
- Department of Physics
- Supramolecular Systems Division “SMS”
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Andrea Vittadini
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia - ICMATE
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Marco Vittorio Nardi
- Department of Physics
- Supramolecular Systems Division “SMS”
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova
- Italy
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia - ICMATE
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
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24
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Mangione G, Sambi M, Carlotto S, Vittadini A, Ligorio G, Timpel M, Pasquali L, Giglia A, Nardi MV, Casarin M. Electronic structure of CuTPP and CuTPP(F) complexes: a combined experimental and theoretical study II. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:24890-904. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03956a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
CuTPP and CuTPP(F) thick films deposited on Au(111) have been studied by coupling NEXAFS spectroscopy at the C/N/FK-edges and CuL2,3-edges and spin-unrestricted TD-DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mangione
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Mauro Sambi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Silvia Carlotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Andrea Vittadini
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia – ICMATE
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Giovanni Ligorio
- Institute for Physics
- Supramolecular Systems Division “SMS” Humboldt Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Melanie Timpel
- Institute for Physics
- Supramolecular Systems Division “SMS” Humboldt Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
- Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo
| | - Luca Pasquali
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria “E. Ferrari”
- Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia
- 41125 Modena
- Italy
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali
| | - Angelo Giglia
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali
- IOM-CNR
- Trieste
- Italy
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia
| | - Marco Vittorio Nardi
- Institute for Physics
- Supramolecular Systems Division “SMS” Humboldt Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
- Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia – ICMATE
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25
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Semushkina GI, Mazalov LN, Lavrukhina SA, Basova TV, Gulyaev RV. Simulation of X-ray emission and photoelectron spectra of H2Pc using the density functional method. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476615030208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Mangione G, Pandolfo L, Sambi M, Ligorio G, Nardi MV, Cossaro A, Floreano L, Casarin M. Ligand-Field Strength and Symmetry-Restricted Covalency in CuIIComplexes - a Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy and Time-Dependent DFT Study. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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27
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Ayzner AL, Nordlund D, Kim DH, Bao Z, Toney MF. Ultrafast Electron Transfer at Organic Semiconductor Interfaces: Importance of Molecular Orientation. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:6-12. [PMID: 26263084 DOI: 10.1021/jz502253r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Much is known about the rate of photoexcited charge generation in at organic donor/acceptor (D/A) heterojunctions overaged over all relative arrangements. However, there has been very little experimental work investigating how the photoexcited electron transfer (ET) rate depends on the precise relative molecular orientation between D and A in thin solid films. This is the question that we address in this work. We find that the ET rate depends strongly on the relative molecular arrangement: The interface where the model donor compound copper phthalocyanine is oriented face-on with respect to the fullerene C60 acceptor yields a rate that is approximately 4 times faster than that of the edge-on oriented interface. Our results suggest that the D/A electronic coupling is significantly enhanced in the face-on case, which agrees well with theoretical predictions, underscoring the importance of controlling the relative interfacial molecular orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Ayzner
- †Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- ‡Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- ‡Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Do-Hwan Kim
- §Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 156-743 Korea
| | - Zhenan Bao
- †Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael F Toney
- ‡Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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28
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Nardi MV, Verucchi R, Pasquali L, Giglia A, Fronzoni G, Sambi M, Mangione G, Casarin M. XAS of tetrakis(phenyl)- and tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin: an experimental and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:2001-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03958k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
NEXAFS outcomes and TD-DFT calculations pertaining to H2TPP and H2TPP(F) demonstrate the electronic inertness of b1u porphyrin macrocycle 1s → π* excitations. In fact, corresponding excitation energies, but not their oscillator strength values, are substantially unaffected upon fluorination of Ph rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vittorio Nardi
- Institute for Physics
- Supramolecular Systems Division “SMS”
- Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Roberto Verucchi
- Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo
- IMEM-CNR
- Sezione di Trento
- 38100 Trento
- Italy
| | - Luca Pasquali
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria “Enzo Ferrari”
- Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia
- 41125 Modena
- Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Fronzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Trieste
- 34127 Trieste
- Italy
| | - Mauro Sambi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Giulia Mangione
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
- Istituto per l'Energetica e le Interfasi
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29
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Borghetti P, El-Sayed A, Goiri E, Rogero C, Lobo-Checa J, Floreano L, Ortega JE, de Oteyza DG. Spectroscopic fingerprints of work-function-controlled phthalocyanine charging on metal surfaces. ACS NANO 2014; 8:12786-95. [PMID: 25426520 DOI: 10.1021/nn5060333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The electronic character of a π-conjugated molecular overlayer on a metal surface can change from semiconducting to metallic, depending on how molecular orbitals arrange with respect to the electrode's Fermi level. Molecular level alignment is thus a key property that strongly influences the performance of organic-based devices. In this work, we report how the electronic level alignment of copper phthalocyanines on metal surfaces can be tailored by controlling the substrate work function. We even show the way to finely tune it for one fixed phthalocyanine-metal combination without the need to intercalate substrate-functionalizing buffer layers. Instead, the work function is trimmed by appropriate design of the phthalocyanine's supramolecular environment, such that charge transfer into empty molecular levels can be triggered across the metal-organic interface. These intriguing observations are the outcome of a powerful combination of surface-sensitive electron spectroscopies, which further reveal a number of characteristic spectroscopic fingerprints of a lifted LUMO degeneracy associated with the partial phthalocyanine charging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Borghetti
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, San Sebastián, Spain
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30
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Lo FC, Li YW, Hsu IJ, Chen CH, Liaw WF. Insight into the Reactivity and Electronic Structure of Dinuclear Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:10881-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501055w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chun Lo
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Li
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - I-Jui Hsu
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hong Chen
- School of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Feng Liaw
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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31
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Rancan M, Tessarolo J, Casarin M, Zanonato PL, Quici S, Armelao L. Double Level Selection in a Constitutional Dynamic Library of Coordination Driven Supramolecular Polygons. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:7276-87. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500573e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzio Rancan
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and INSTM, University of Padova, via Marzolo
1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- IENI−CNR, via
Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Jacopo Tessarolo
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and INSTM, University of Padova, via Marzolo
1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- IENI−CNR, via
Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and INSTM, University of Padova, via Marzolo
1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Zanonato
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and INSTM, University of Padova, via Marzolo
1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvio Quici
- ISTM−CNR, via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Lidia Armelao
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and INSTM, University of Padova, via Marzolo
1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- IENI−CNR, via
Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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32
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Mangione G, Sambi M, Nardi MV, Casarin M. A theoretical study of the L3 pre-edge XAS in Cu(ii) complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:19852-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02441a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
L2,3 spectra of Cu(ii) complexes have been simulated by means of time dependent DFT. Besides the agreement between theory and experiment, the adopted approach provided further insights into the use of the Cu(ii) L3-edge intensity and position to investigate the Cu–ligand symmetry-restricted covalency and the ligand-field strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Mangione
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM
- 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M. Sambi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM
- 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M. V. Nardi
- Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche IMEM-CNR
- 38123 Trento, Italy
- Institut für Physik
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
| | - M. Casarin
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM
- 35131 Padova, Italy
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33
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Fratesi G, Lanzilotto V, Stranges S, Alagia M, Brivio GP, Floreano L. High resolution NEXAFS of perylene and PTCDI: a surface science approach to molecular orbital analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:14834-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01625d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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