1
|
Nieland E, Weingart O, Schmidt BM. Fluorinated azobenzenes as supramolecular halogen-bonding building blocks. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2013-2019. [PMID: 31501668 PMCID: PMC6720338 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ortho-Fluoroazobenzenes are a remarkable example of bistable photoswitches, addressable by visible light. Symmetrical, highly fluorinated azobenzenes bearing an iodine substituent in para-position were shown to be suitable supramolecular building blocks both in solution and in the solid state in combination with neutral halogen bonding acceptors, such as lutidines. Therefore, we investigate the photochemistry of a series of azobenzene photoswitches. Upon introduction of iodoethynyl groups, the halogen bonding donor properties are significantly strengthened in solution. However, the bathochromic shift of the π→π* band leads to a partial overlap with the n→π* band, making it slightly more difficult to address. The introduction of iodine substituents is furthermore accompanied with a diminishing thermal half-life. A series of three azobenzenes with different halogen bonding donor properties are discussed in relation to their changing photophysical properties, rationalized by DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nieland
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Weingart
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd M Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sindhu A, Pradhan R, Lourderaj U, Paranjothy M. Theoretical investigation of the isomerization pathways of diazenes: torsion vs. inversion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15678-15685. [PMID: 31271157 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05953e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diazenes are an important family of organic compounds used widely in synthetic and materials chemistry. These molecules have a planar geometry and exhibit cis-trans isomerization. The simplest of all these molecules - diazene (N2H2) - has been subjected to several experimental and theoretical studies. Two mechanisms have been proposed for the cis-trans isomerization of diazene, which are an in-plane inversion and an out-of-plane torsion. The activation energies for these pathways are similar and the competition between these two mechanisms has been discussed in the literature based on electronic structure theory calculations. Three decades ago, a classical dynamics investigation of diazene isomerization was carried out using a model Hamiltonian and it was indicated that the in-plane inversion is forbidden classically because of a centrifugal barrier and the out-of-plane torsion is the only isomerization pathway. In the present work, we investigated the cis-trans isomerization dynamics of diazene using ab initio classical trajectory simulations at the CASSCF(2,2)/aug-cc-pVDZ level of electronic structure theory. The simulation results confirmed the presence of the aforementioned centrifugal barrier for the inversion and torsion was the only observed pathway. The calculations were repeated for a similar system (difluorodiazene, N2F2) and again the centrifugal barrier prevented the inversion pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Sindhu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Renuka Pradhan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P. O. Jatni, Khurda, India
| | - Upakarasamy Lourderaj
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P. O. Jatni, Khurda, India
| | - Manikandan Paranjothy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang TS, Li ZW, Fang Q, Barbatti M, Fang WH, Cui G. Stereoselective Excited-State Isomerization and Decay Paths in cis-Cyclobiazobenzene. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6144-6151. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Shuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Qiu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | | | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tang D, Fang WH, Shen L, Cui G. Combining Meyer–Miller Hamiltonian with electronic structure methods for on-the-fly nonadiabatic dynamics simulations: implementation and application. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17109-17117. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02682g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The MM/SQC method combined with electronic structure calculations at the level of OM2/MRCI and on-the-fly nonadiabatic dynamics simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diandong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Staniszewska M, Kupfer S, Łabuda M, Guthmuller J. Theoretical Assessment of Excited State Gradients and Resonance Raman Intensities for the Azobenzene Molecule. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:1263-1274. [PMID: 28118003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The ground state geometries and vibrational frequencies as well as the excitation energies and excited state gradients of the S1(nπ*) and S2(ππ*) states of trans- and cis-azobenzene are investigated by several DFT methods, namely B3LYP, PBE, M06-2X, CAM-B3LYP, and ωB97X. Excited state properties and in particular gradients are also assessed using the wave function based methods EOM-CCSD and RASPT2/RASSCF. Comparison with experimental data shows that the B3LYP functional gives the most accurate results for the ground state geometry and vibrational frequencies. The analysis of the vertical excitation energies reveals that the RASPT2 approach provides the most accurate excitation energies with deviations of the order of 0.1 eV. Among the TDDFT methods, the CAM-B3LYP functional shows the best performance on the excitation energies. By assessing the excited state gradients with respect to the reference RASPT2 data, the most accurate gradients are obtained with B3LYP, whereas other functionals as well as the EOM-CCSD and RASSCF calculations give less consistent results. Overall, despite the tendency of B3LYP to underestimate the excitation energies, this functional provides the most balanced description of both ground and excited state properties for both isomers of azobenzene in the Franck-Condon region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Staniszewska
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology , Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07-743 Jena, Germany
| | - Marta Łabuda
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology , Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Julien Guthmuller
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology , Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao L, Liu J, Zhou P. Effect of Methylation on the Photodynamical Behavior of Arylazoimidazoles: New Insight from Theoretical ab Initio Potential Energy Calculations and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2016; 121:141-150. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b10968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Panwang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tuna D, Lu Y, Koslowski A, Thiel W. Semiempirical Quantum-Chemical Orthogonalization-Corrected Methods: Benchmarks of Electronically Excited States. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:4400-22. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Tuna
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - You Lu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Axel Koslowski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xia SH, Cui G, Fang WH, Thiel W. How Photoisomerization Drives Peptide Folding and Unfolding: Insights from QM/MM and MM Dynamics Simulations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2067-72. [PMID: 26836339 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photoswitchable azobenzene cross-linkers can control the folding and unfolding of peptides by photoisomerization and can thus regulate peptide affinities and enzyme activities. Using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods and classical MM force fields, we report the first molecular dynamics simulations of the photoinduced folding and unfolding processes in the azobenzene cross-linked FK-11 peptide. We find that the interactions between the peptide and the azobenzene cross-linker are crucial for controlling the evolution of the secondary structure of the peptide and responsible for accelerating the folding and unfolding events. They also modify the photoisomerization mechanism of the azobenzene cross-linker compared with the situation in vacuo or in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hua Xia
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xia SH, Cui G, Fang WH, Thiel W. How Photoisomerization Drives Peptide Folding and Unfolding: Insights from QM/MM and MM Dynamics Simulations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hua Xia
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hu D, Huang J, Xie Y, Yue L, Zhuang X, Lan Z. Nonadiabatic dynamics and photoisomerization of biomimetic photoswitches. Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
11
|
Cui G, Thiel W. Generalized trajectory surface-hopping method for internal conversion and intersystem crossing. J Chem Phys 2015; 141:124101. [PMID: 25273406 DOI: 10.1063/1.4894849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Trajectory-based fewest-switches surface-hopping (FSSH) dynamics simulations have become a popular and reliable theoretical tool to simulate nonadiabatic photophysical and photochemical processes. Most available FSSH methods model internal conversion. We present a generalized trajectory surface-hopping (GTSH) method for simulating both internal conversion and intersystem crossing processes on an equal footing. We consider hops between adiabatic eigenstates of the non-relativistic electronic Hamiltonian (pure spin states), which is appropriate for sufficiently small spin-orbit coupling. This choice allows us to make maximum use of existing electronic structure programs and to minimize the changes to available implementations of the traditional FSSH method. The GTSH method is formulated within the quantum mechanics (QM)/molecular mechanics framework, but can of course also be applied at the pure QM level. The algorithm implemented in the GTSH code is specified step by step. As an initial GTSH application, we report simulations of the nonadiabatic processes in the lowest four electronic states (S0, S1, T1, and T2) of acrolein both in vacuo and in acetonitrile solution, in which the acrolein molecule is treated at the ab initio complete-active-space self-consistent-field level. These dynamics simulations provide detailed mechanistic insight by identifying and characterizing two nonadiabatic routes to the lowest triplet state, namely, direct S1 → T1 hopping as major pathway and sequential S1 → T2 → T1 hopping as minor pathway, with the T2 state acting as a relay state. They illustrate the potential of the GTSH approach to explore photoinduced processes in complex systems, in which intersystem crossing plays an important role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganglong Cui
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nikiforov A, Gamez JA, Thiel W, Huix-Rotllant M, Filatov M. Assessment of approximate computational methods for conical intersections and branching plane vectors in organic molecules. J Chem Phys 2015; 141:124122. [PMID: 25273427 DOI: 10.1063/1.4896372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum-chemical computational methods are benchmarked for their ability to describe conical intersections in a series of organic molecules and models of biological chromophores. Reference results for the geometries, relative energies, and branching planes of conical intersections are obtained using ab initio multireference configuration interaction with single and double excitations (MRCISD). They are compared with the results from more approximate methods, namely, the state-interaction state-averaged restricted ensemble-referenced Kohn-Sham method, spin-flip time-dependent density functional theory, and a semiempirical MRCISD approach using an orthogonalization-corrected model. It is demonstrated that these approximate methods reproduce the ab initio reference data very well, with root-mean-square deviations in the optimized geometries of the order of 0.1 Å or less and with reasonable agreement in the computed relative energies. A detailed analysis of the branching plane vectors shows that all currently applied methods yield similar nuclear displacements for escaping the strong non-adiabatic coupling region near the conical intersections. Our comparisons support the use of the tested quantum-chemical methods for modeling the photochemistry of large organic and biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nikiforov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jose A Gamez
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Miquel Huix-Rotllant
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Filatov
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Floß G, Saalfrank P. The Photoinduced E → Z Isomerization of Bisazobenzenes: A Surface Hopping Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:5026-37. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b02933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gereon Floß
- Institut
für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- Institut
für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gámez JA, Koslowski A, Thiel W. Enhanced E → Z photoisomerisation in 2-aminoazobenzene. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45376f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
15
|
Spörkel L, Cui G, Koslowski A, Thiel W. Nonequilibrium H/D Isotope Effects from Trajectory-Based Nonadiabatic Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2013; 118:152-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4120749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Spörkel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Axel Koslowski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hoffman DP, Ellis SR, Mathies RA. Low Frequency Resonant Impulsive Raman Modes Reveal Inversion Mechanism for Azobenzene. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:11472-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp408470a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David P. Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720 United States
| | - Scott R. Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720 United States
| | - Richard A. Mathies
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720 United States
| |
Collapse
|