Organic Solar Cell Materials toward Commercialization

Bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs) have received considerable attention with significant progress recently and offer a promising outlook for portable energy resources and building-integrated photovoltaics in the future. Now, it is urgent to promote the research of OSCs toward their commercialization. For the commercial application of OSCs, it is of great importance to develop high performance, high stability, and low cost photovoltaic materials. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the fundamental requirements of photoactive layer materials and interface layer materials toward commercialization is provided, mainly focusing on high performance, green manufacturing, simplifying device fabrication processes, stability, and cost issues. Furthermore, the perspectives and opportunities for this emerging field of materials science and engineering are also discussed.

Deposition of LiF onto Films of Fullerene Derivatives Leads to Bulk Doping

One of the most commonly used cathode interlayers for increasing the efficiency of electron injection/extraction in organic electronic devices is an ultrathin layer of LiF. Our capacitance measurements and electrical conductivity analysis show that thin films of fullerene derivatives and their mixtures with polymers are unintentionally doped upon deposition of LiF. The level of doping depends on the chemical structure of the fullerene derivatives. The doping effect on polymer/fullerene mixtures is significant only for blends in which the fullerene content is greater than the polymer content by weight. Our finding has profound implications for the development and characterization of organic photovoltaic devices, including a negative impact of doping on the stability of the device and erroneous estimations of properties such as charge carrier mobility and the dielectric constant.

Enhanced Organic Solar Cell Stability through the Effective Blocking of Oxygen Diffusion using a Self-Passivating Metal Electrode

A new and simple strategy for enhancing the stability of organic solar cells (OSCs) was developed by using self-passivating metal top electrodes. Systematic investigations on O2 permeability of Al top electrodes revealed that the main pathways for oxidation-induced degradation could be greatly suppressed by simply controlling the nanoscale morphology of the Al electrode. The population of nanoscale pinholes among Al grains, which critically decided the diffusion of O2 molecules toward the Al-organic interfaces that are vulnerable to oxidation, was successfully regulated by rapidly depositing Al or promoting lateral growth among the Al grains, accompanied by increasing the deposition thickness. Our observations suggested that the stability of OSCs with conventional architectures might be greatly enhanced simply by controlling the fabrication conditions of the Al top electrode, without the aid of additional secondary treatments.

Stability of organic solar cells: challenges and strategies

This review highlights the factors limiting the stability of organic solar cells and recent developments in strategies to increase the stability of organic solar cells.