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Hiramony NT, Tanisha TT, Tabassum SJ, Subrina S. Numerical characterization of the electronic and optical properties of plumbene/hBN heterobilayer using first-principles study. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:4095-4106. [PMID: 37560423 PMCID: PMC10408619 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00918h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel plumbene/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) heterobilayer with intriguing structural, electronic, and optical properties. Three different stacking patterns of the bilayer are proposed and studied under the framework of density functional theory using first-principles calculations. All the stacking configurations display direct band gaps ranging from 0.399 eV to 0.432 eV in the presence of spin orbit coupling (SOC), whereas pristine plumbene possesses an indirect band gap considering SOC. Based on binding energy calculations, the structures are found to be stable and, consequently, feasible for physical implementation. All three structures exhibit low effective mass, ∼0.20m0 for both electrons and holes, which suggests improved transport characteristics of the plumbene/hBN based electronic devices. The projected density of states reveals that the valence and conduction band peaks around Fermi energy are dominated by the contributions from the plumbene layer of the heterobilayer. Therefore, the hBN layer is a viable candidate as a substrate for plumbene since charge carriers will only travel through the plumbene layer. Biaxial strain is employed to explore the dependence of the electronic properties like bandgap and effective mass of the heterobilayer on applied strain. We find that applied biaxial compressive strain can induce switching from the semiconducting to metallic state of the material. In addition, we explore various optical characteristics of both pristine plumbene and plumbene/hBN. The optical properties of the heterobilayer signify its potential applications in solar cells as well as in UV photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishat Tasnim Hiramony
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1205 Bangladesh +880-02-9668054 +880-19-3795-9083
| | - Tanshia Tahreen Tanisha
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1205 Bangladesh +880-02-9668054 +880-19-3795-9083
| | - Sumaiya Jahan Tabassum
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1205 Bangladesh +880-02-9668054 +880-19-3795-9083
| | - Samia Subrina
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1205 Bangladesh +880-02-9668054 +880-19-3795-9083
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Yang CC, Cheng CH, Chen TH, Lin YH, He JH, Tsai DP, Lin GR. Synthesis of Nano-Structured Ge as Transmissive or Reflective Saturable Absorber for Mode-Locked Fiber Laser. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13101697. [PMID: 37242115 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous-Ge (α-Ge) or free-standing nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized via hydrogen-free plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) were applied as transmissive or reflective saturable absorbers, respectively, for starting up passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber lasers (EDFLs). Under a threshold pumping power of 41 mW for mode-locking the EDFL, the transmissive α-Ge film could serve as a saturable absorber with a modulation depth of 52-58%, self-starting EDFL pulsation with a pulsewidth of approximately 700 fs. Under a high power of 155 mW, the pulsewidth of the EDFL mode-locked by the 15 s-grown α-Ge was suppressed to 290 fs, with a corresponding spectral linewidth of 8.95 nm due to the soliton compression induced by intra-cavity self-phase modulation. The Ge-NP-on-Au (Ge-NP/Au) films could also serve as a reflective-type saturable absorber to passively mode-lock the EDFL with a broadened pulsewidth of 3.7-3.9 ps under a high-gain operation with 250 mW pumping power. The reflection-type Ge-NP/Au film was an imperfect mode-locker, owing to their strong surface-scattered deflection in the near-infrared wavelength region. From the abovementioned results, both ultra-thin α-Ge film and free-standing Ge NP exhibit potential as transmissive and reflective saturable absorbers, respectively, for ultrafast fiber lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Cheng Yang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Cheng
- Optical Access Technology Laboratory, Photonic ICT Research Center, Network Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei 184-8795, Japan
| | - Ting-Hui Chen
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Hau He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Din-Ping Tsai
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gong-Ru Lin
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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3
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Shan G, Tan H, Ma R, Zhao H, Huang W. Recent progress in emergent two-dimensional silicene. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2982-2996. [PMID: 36655560 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05809j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although graphene is by far the most famous example of two-dimensional (2D) materials, which exhibits a wealth of exotic and intriguing properties, it suffers from a severe drawback. In this regard, the exploration of silicene, the silicon analog of the graphene material, has attracted substantial interest in the past decade. This review therefore provides a comprehensive survey of recent theoretical and experimental works on this 2D material. We first overview the distinctive structures and properties of silicene, including mechanical, electronic, and spintronic properties. We then discuss the growth and experimental characterization of silicene on Ag(111) and other different substrates, providing insights into the different phases or atomic arrangements of silicene observed on the metallic surfaces as well as on its electronic structures. Then, the recent state-of-the-art applications of silicene are summarized in section 4 with the aim to break the scientific and engineering barriers for application in nanoelectronics, sensors, energy storage devices, electrode materials, and quantum technology. Finally, the concluding remarks and the future prospects of silicene are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcun Shan
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronic Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 XueYuan Road, Beijing 100083, China.
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Haoyi Tan
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronic Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 XueYuan Road, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ruguang Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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4
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Deng J, Ablat G, Yang Y, Fu X, Wu Q, Li P, Zhang L, Safaei A, Zhang L, Qin Z. Two-dimensional germanium islands with Dirac signature on Ag 2Ge surface alloy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:225001. [PMID: 33596556 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abe731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) Dirac materials have attracted intense research efforts due to their promise for applications ranging from field-effect transistors and low-power electronics to fault-tolerant quantum computation. One key challenge is to fabricate 2D Dirac materials hosting Dirac electrons. Here, monolayer germanene is successfully fabricated on a Ag2Ge surface alloy. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements revealed a linear energy dispersion relation. The latter was supported by density functional theory calculations. These results demonstrate that monolayer germanene can be realistically fabricated on a Ag2Ge surface alloy. The finding opens the door to exploration and study of 2D Dirac material physics and device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Deng
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Gulnigar Ablat
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumu Yang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshuai Fu
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Center for Spintronics and Quantum Systems, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Ali Safaei
- Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department, University of Gonabad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Qin
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
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Bergeron H, Lebedev D, Hersam MC. Polymorphism in Post-Dichalcogenide Two-Dimensional Materials. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2713-2775. [PMID: 33555868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit a wide range of atomic structures, compositions, and associated versatility of properties. Furthermore, for a given composition, a variety of different crystal structures (i.e., polymorphs) can be observed. Polymorphism in 2D materials presents a fertile landscape for designing novel architectures and imparting new functionalities. The objective of this Review is to identify the polymorphs of emerging 2D materials, describe their polymorph-dependent properties, and outline methods used for polymorph control. Since traditional 2D materials (e.g., graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides) have already been studied extensively, the focus here is on polymorphism in post-dichalcogenide 2D materials including group III, IV, and V elemental 2D materials, layered group III, IV, and V metal chalcogenides, and 2D transition metal halides. In addition to providing a comprehensive survey of recent experimental and theoretical literature, this Review identifies the most promising opportunities for future research including how 2D polymorph engineering can provide a pathway to materials by design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadallia Bergeron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dmitry Lebedev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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6
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Lima MP, Besse R, Da Silva JLF. Ab initio investigation of topological phase transitions induced by pressure in trilayer van der Waals structures: the example of h-BN/SnTe/h-BN. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:025003. [PMID: 32756023 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abac8d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The combination of two-dimensional crystals through the formation of van der Waals bilayers, trilayers, and heterostructures has been considered a promising route to design new materials due to the possibility of tuning their properties through the control of the number of layers, alloying pressure, strain, and other tuning mechanisms. Here, we report a density functional theory study on the interlayer phonon coupling and electronic structure of the trilayer h-BN/SnTe/h-BN, and the effects of pressure on the encapsulation of this trilayer system. Our findings demonstrated the establishment of a type I junction in the system, with a trivial bandgap of 0.55 eV, which is 10 % lower than the free-standing SnTe one. The almost inert h-BN capping layers allow a topological phase transition at a pressure of 13.5 GPa, in which the system evolves from a trivial insulator to a topological insulator. In addition, with further increase of the pressure up to 35 GPa, the non-trivial energy bandgap increases up to 0.30 eV. This behavior is especially relevant to allow experimental access to topological properties of materials, since large non-trivial energy bandgaps are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus P Lima
- Department of Physics, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Besse
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juarez L F Da Silva
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, PO Box 780, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zheng FB, Zhang L, Zhang J, Wang PJ, Zhang CW. Germanene/GaGeTe heterostructure: a promising electric-field induced data storage device with high carrier mobility. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:5163-5169. [PMID: 32083263 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06445a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Opening up a band gap without lowering high carrier mobility in germanene and finding suitable substrate materials to form van der Waals heterostructures have recently emerged as an intriguing way of designing a new type of electronic devices. By using first-principles calculations, here, we systematically investigate the effect of the GaGeTe substrate on the electronic properties of monolayer germanene. Linear dichroism of the Dirac-cone like band dispersion and higher carrier mobility (9.7 × 103 cm2 V-1 s-1) in the Ge/GaGeTe heterostructure (HTS) are found to be preserved compared to that of free-standing germanene. Remarkably, the band structure of HTS can be flexibly modulated by applying bias voltage or strain. A prototype data storage device FET based on Ge/GaGeTe HTS is proposed, which presents a promising high performance platform with a tunable band gap and high carrier mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Bao Zheng
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People's Republic of China. and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pei-Ji Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang-Wen Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Kong X, Li L, Peeters FM. Graphene-based heterostructures with moiré superlattice that preserve the Dirac cone: a first-principles study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:255302. [PMID: 30909168 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab132f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In van der Waals heterostructures consisting of graphene and a substrate, lattice mismatch often leads to a moiré pattern with a huge supercell, preventing its treatment within first-principles calculations. Previous theoretical works considered mostly simple stacking models such as AB, AA with straining the lattice of graphene to match that of the substrate. Here, we propose a moiré superlattice build from graphene and porous graphene or graphyne like monolayers, having a lower interlayer binding energy, needing little strain in order to match the lattices. In contrast to the results from the simple stacking models, the present ab initio calculations for the moiré superlattices show different properties in lattice structure, energy, and band structures. For example, the Dirac cone at the K point is preserved and a linear energy dispersion near the Fermi level is obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangru Kong
- International Center for Quantum Materials and School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, People's Republic of China
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9
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Yuhara J, Shimazu H, Ito K, Ohta A, Araidai M, Kurosawa M, Nakatake M, Le Lay G. Germanene Epitaxial Growth by Segregation through Ag(111) Thin Films on Ge(111). ACS NANO 2018; 12:11632-11637. [PMID: 30371060 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale two-dimensional sheets of graphene-like germanium, namely, germanene, have been epitaxially prepared on Ag(111) thin films grown on Ge(111), using a segregation method, differing from molecular beam epitaxy used in previous reports. From the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images, the surface is completely covered with an atom-thin layer showing a highly ordered long-range superstructure in wide scale. Two types of protrusions, named hexagon and line, form a (7√7 × 7√7) R19.1° supercell with respect to Ag(111), with a very large periodicity of 5.35 nm. Auger electron spectroscopy and high-resolution synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy demonstrate that Ge atoms are segregated on the Ag(111) surface as an overlayer. Low-energy electron diffraction clearly shows incommensurate "(1.35 × 1.35)" R30° spots, corresponding to a lattice constant of 0.39 nm, in perfect accord with close-up STM images, which clearly reveal an internal honeycomb arrangement with corresponding parameter and low buckling within 0.01 nm. As this 0.39 nm value is in good agreement with the theoretical lattice constant of free-standing germanene, conclusively, the segregated Ge atoms with trivalent bonding in honeycomb configuration form a characteristic two-dimensional germanene-like structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Yuhara
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimazu
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Kouichi Ito
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Akio Ohta
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan
| | - Masaaki Araidai
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan
| | - Masashi Kurosawa
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan
| | - Masashi Nakatake
- Aichi Synchrotron Radiation Center , Knowledge Hub Aichi , Seto , Aichi 489-0965 , Japan
| | - Guy Le Lay
- Aix-Marseille Université , CNRS, PIIM UMR 7345, 13397 Cedex Marseille , France
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Zhang S, Ma Y, Peng R, Huang B, Dai Y. Ideal inert substrates for planar antimonene: h-BN and hydrogenated SiC(0001). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:23397-23402. [PMID: 30178794 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04200d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Planar antimonene, as one of the most promising two-dimensional materials, was recently obtained on a Ag(111) substrate [Y. Shao, Z. L. Liu, et al., Nano Lett., 2018, 18, 2133]. However, its particular electronic properties are severely degraded due to the substrate, making its further study and practical applications challenging. Here, using first-principles calculations, we propose that h-BN and hydrogenated SiC(0001) are extraordinary substrates of planar antimonene. Their interactions with planar antimonene exhibit low binding energies and large interlayer distances, and are typical van der Waals interactions. Most importantly, the bands of planar antimonene near the Fermi level are perfectly preserved, with the bands of h-BN and hydrogenated SiC(0001) lying away from the Fermi level. Moreover, such features are inert to the stacking patterns for both systems, making them suitable for practical applications. Our results will greatly broaden the scientific and technological impact of planar antimonene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Str. 27, Jinan 250100, China.
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Krawiec M. Functionalization of group-14 two-dimensional materials. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:233003. [PMID: 29708504 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aac149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The great success of graphene has boosted intensive search for other single-layer thick materials, mainly composed of group-14 atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice. This new class of two-dimensional (2D) crystals, known as 2D-Xenes, has become an emerging field of intensive research due to their remarkable electronic properties and the promise for a future generation of nanoelectronics. In contrast to graphene, Xenes are not completely planar, and feature a low buckled geometry with two sublattices displaced vertically as a result of the interplay between sp2 and sp3 orbital hybridization. In spite of the buckling, the outstanding electronic properties of graphene governed by Dirac physics are preserved in Xenes too. The buckled structure also has several advantages over graphene. Together with the spin-orbit (SO) interaction it may lead to the emergence of various experimentally accessible topological phases, like the quantum spin Hall effect. This in turn would lead to designing and building new electronic and spintronic devices, like topological field effect transistors. In this regard an important issue concerns the electron energy gap, which for Xenes naturally exists owing to the buckling and SO interaction. The electronic properties, including the magnitude of the energy gap, can further be tuned and controlled by external means. Xenes can easily be functionalized by substrate, chemical adsorption, defects, charge doping, external electric field, periodic potential, in-plane uniaxial and biaxial stress, and out-of-plane long-range structural deformation, to name a few. This topical review explores structural, electronic and magnetic properties of Xenes and addresses the question of their functionalization in various ways, including external factors acting simultaneously. It also points to future directions to be explored in functionalization of Xenes. The results of experimental and theoretical studies obtained so far have many promising features making the 2D-Xene materials important players in the field of future nanoelectronics and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Krawiec
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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Ye HY, Hu FF, Tang HY, Yang LW, Chen XP, Wang LG, Zhang GQ. Germanene on single-layer ZnSe substrate: novel electronic and optical properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:16067-16076. [PMID: 29855000 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00870a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the structural, electronic and optical properties of germanene and ZnSe substrate nanocomposites have been investigated using first-principles calculations. We found that the large direct-gap ZnSe semiconductors and zero-gap germanene form a typical orbital hybridization heterostructure with a strong binding energy, which shows a moderate direct band gap of 0.503 eV in the most stable pattern. Furthermore, the heterostructure undergoes semiconductor-to-metal band gap transition when subjected to external out-of-plane electric field. We also found that applying external strain and compressing the interlayer distance are two simple ways of tuning the electronic structure. An unexpected indirect-direct band gap transition is also observed in the AAII pattern via adjusting the interlayer distance. Quite interestingly, the calculated results exhibit that the germanene/ZnSe heterobilayer structure has perfect optical absorption in the solar spectrum as well as the infrared and UV light zones, which is superior to that of the individual ZnSe substrate and germanene. The staggered interfacial gap and tunability of the energy band structure via interlayer distance and external electric field and strain thus make the germanene/ZnSe heterostructure a promising candidate for field effect transistors (FETs) and nanoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Ye
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University and College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044 Chongqing, China.
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Kong X, Li L, Leenaerts O, Wang W, Liu XJ, Peeters FM. Quantum anomalous Hall effect in a stable 1T-YN 2 monolayer with a large nontrivial bandgap and a high Chern number. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:8153-8161. [PMID: 29676423 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00571k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect is a topologically nontrivial phase, characterized by a non-zero Chern number defined in the bulk and chiral edge states in the boundary. Using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate the presence of the QAH effect in a 1T-YN2 monolayer, which was recently predicted to be a Dirac half metal without spin-orbit coupling (SOC). We show that the inclusion of SOC opens up a large nontrivial bandgap of nearly 0.1 eV in the electronic band structure. This results in the nontrivial bulk topology, which is confirmed by the calculation of Berry curvature, anomalous Hall conductance and the presence of chiral edge states. Remarkably, a QAH phase of high Chern number C = 3 is found, and there are three corresponding gapless chiral edge states emerging inside the bulk gap. Different substrates are also chosen to study the possible experimental realization of the 1T-YN2 monolayer, while retaining its nontrivial topological properties. Our results open a new avenue in searching for QAH insulators with high temperature and high Chern numbers, which can have nontrivial practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangru Kong
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, 100871 Beijing, China
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14
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Gao J, Cheng Y, Tian T, Hu X, Zeng K, Zhang G, Zhang YW. Structure, Stability, and Kinetics of Vacancy Defects in Monolayer PtSe 2: A First-Principles Study. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:8640-8648. [PMID: 31457396 PMCID: PMC6645514 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The recent epitaxial growth of monolayer PtSe2 has raised hope for its novel applications in valleytronic, spintronic, and energy-harvesting devices. Compared with 2H-phase transition-metal dichalcogenides, the 1T-phase PtSe2 is much less studied and this is especially true for its defects behaviors and their influence on electronic properties. In this article, we systemically explore the structure, stability, and kinetics of both Pt and Se vacancies in monolayer PtSe2 using first-principles calculations. By examining the relative energies of these vacancies, we identify the most stable Se/Pt single and double vacancies. In particular, we reveal a new type of Se double vacancy structure with the lowest energy. Energetically, both Se and Pt single vacancies prefer to combine to form double vacancies. All Se and Pt vacancies have remarkable influence on the electronic properties. Moreover, Pt single and double vacancies can introduce strong spin polarization in PtSe2, which may be promising for spintronic applications. These findings not only enrich the fundamental understanding of 1T-phase PtSe2 but also provide useful guidance to design PtSe2 for its optoelectronic and spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Gao
- Institute
of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Institute
of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Tian Tian
- School
of Natural and Applied Science, The Key Laboratory of Space Applied
Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- School
of Natural and Applied Science, The Key Laboratory of Space Applied
Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Kaiyang Zeng
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, National University
of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Gang Zhang
- Institute
of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Yong-Wei Zhang
- Institute
of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore 138632, Singapore
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15
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Qin Z, Pan J, Lu S, Shao Y, Wang Y, Du S, Gao HJ, Cao G. Direct Evidence of Dirac Signature in Bilayer Germanene Islands on Cu(111). ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28134451 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bernal-stacked bilayer germanene with a stable buckled honeycomb structure has been successfully synthesized on Cu(111). Structural and electronic characterizations as well as theoretical calculations unequivocally demonstrate for the first time the presence of a nearly linear energy dispersion in the vicinity of the Fermi energy, as expected of the Dirac signature for theoretical freestanding germanene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Pan
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shuangzan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Yan Shao
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yeliang Wang
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shixuan Du
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Gengyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
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16
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Ren CC, Feng Y, Zhang SF, Zhang CW, Wang PJ. The electronic properties of the stanene/MoS2 heterostructure under strain. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26169h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of a MoS2 substrate on the structural and electronic properties of stanene were systematically investigated by first-principles calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceng-Ceng Ren
- School of Physics
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Feng
- School of Physics
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhang
- School of Physics
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Wen Zhang
- School of Physics
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Ji Wang
- School of Physics
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- People's Republic of China
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17
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Gao X, Wang S, Lin S. Defective Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanosheet on Ni(111) and Cu(111): Stability, Electronic Structures, and Potential Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:24238-47. [PMID: 27564007 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Defective hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h-BNNSs) supported by Ni(111) and Cu(111) surfaces have been systematically studied in this work by first-principles methods. The calculation results show that various defects play an important role in enhancing the stability of h-BNNS/metal heterostructure. Importantly, significant electron transfer through the interface between metal substrate and h-BNNS to the defect sites can make h-BNNS more catalytically active. Using the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as a probe, it is shown that the binding energies of O2*, OH*, OOH*, and O* on h-BNNS/Cu(111) with a boron vacancy (VB) are quite similar to those observed on the Pt(111) surface, suggesting inert h-BNNS materials with defects can be functionalized by metal surfaces to become catalytically active for the ORR process. On the other hand, the reaction mechanism of CO oxidation on Ni(111) and Cu(111) supported h-BNNS with VB is systematically investigated. The h-BN/Cu(111) catalyst with a VB precovered by a CO species exhibits catalytic capacity for CO oxidation with a lower energy barrier compared with that on h-BN/Cu(111) without any defect. While on Ni(111) supported h-BNNS with a N vacancy, the defect site turns to be dominated by O2 and the energy barrier is significantly increased, indicating its dependence on the type of defect. This work will provide information for designing h-BN-based catalysts in heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shujiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Sen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350002, China
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18
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d'Acapito F, Torrengo S, Xenogiannopoulou E, Tsipas P, Marquez Velasco J, Tsoutsou D, Dimoulas A. Evidence for Germanene growth on epitaxial hexagonal (h)-AlN on Ag(1 1 1). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:045002. [PMID: 26751008 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/4/045002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a structural analysis of Ge layers deposited by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on Ag(1 1 1) surfaces with and without an AlN buffer layer have been investigated by x-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) at the Ge-K edge. For the Ge layers deposited on h-AlN buffer layer on Ag(1 1 1) an interatomic Ge-Ge distance [Formula: see text] Å is found, typical of 2-Dimensional Ge layers and in agreement with the theoretical predictions for free standing low-buckled Germanene presented in literature. First principles calculations, performed in the density functional theory (DFT) framework, supported the experimental RHEED and XAS findings, providing evidence for the epitaxial 2-D Ge layer formation on h-AlN/Ag(1 1 1) template.
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Affiliation(s)
- F d'Acapito
- CNR-IOM-OGG c/o European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38043 Grenoble, France
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19
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Wang Y, Li J, Xiong J, Pan Y, Ye M, Guo Y, Zhang H, Quhe R, Lu J. Does the Dirac cone of germanene exist on metal substrates? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:19451-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03040h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The contrast of the band structures of silicene and germanene on the metal substrates. The Dirac cone of germanene is identifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- P. R. China
- Nanophotonics and Optoelectronics Research Center
| | - Jingzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- P. R. China
| | - Junhua Xiong
- Department of Electric Power
- North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- P. R. China
| | - Meng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Guo
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong 723001
- P. R. China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- P. R. China
| | - Ruge Quhe
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications
- Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications & School of Science
- Beijing 100876
- China
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter
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20
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Marjaoui A, Stephan R, Hanf MC, Diani M, Sonnet P. Tailoring the germanene–substrate interactions by means of hydrogenation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:15667-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01906d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between the Ge atoms of a germanene layer and an Al(111) substrate are weakened by hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Marjaoui
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M UMR 7361 CNRS
- Université de Haute Alsace
- 68093 Mulhouse
- France
- Laboratoire des Matériaux et Valorisation des Ressources
| | - Régis Stephan
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M UMR 7361 CNRS
- Université de Haute Alsace
- 68093 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Marie-Christine Hanf
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M UMR 7361 CNRS
- Université de Haute Alsace
- 68093 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Mustapha Diani
- Laboratoire des Matériaux et Valorisation des Ressources
- Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi
- FST
- ancienne route de l'aéroport
- Tanger
| | - Philippe Sonnet
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M UMR 7361 CNRS
- Université de Haute Alsace
- 68093 Mulhouse
- France
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21
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Bhimanapati GR, Lin Z, Meunier V, Jung Y, Cha J, Das S, Xiao D, Son Y, Strano MS, Cooper VR, Liang L, Louie SG, Ringe E, Zhou W, Kim SS, Naik RR, Sumpter BG, Terrones H, Xia F, Wang Y, Zhu J, Akinwande D, Alem N, Schuller JA, Schaak RE, Terrones M, Robinson JA. Recent Advances in Two-Dimensional Materials beyond Graphene. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11509-39. [PMID: 26544756 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 888] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of graphene in 2004 from graphite was a defining moment for the "birth" of a field: two-dimensional (2D) materials. In recent years, there has been a rapidly increasing number of papers focusing on non-graphene layered materials, including transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), because of the new properties and applications that emerge upon 2D confinement. Here, we review significant recent advances and important new developments in 2D materials "beyond graphene". We provide insight into the theoretical modeling and understanding of the van der Waals (vdW) forces that hold together the 2D layers in bulk solids, as well as their excitonic properties and growth morphologies. Additionally, we highlight recent breakthroughs in TMD synthesis and characterization and discuss the newest families of 2D materials, including monoelement 2D materials (i.e., silicene, phosphorene, etc.) and transition metal carbide- and carbon nitride-based MXenes. We then discuss the doping and functionalization of 2D materials beyond graphene that enable device applications, followed by advances in electronic, optoelectronic, and magnetic devices and theory. Finally, we provide perspectives on the future of 2D materials beyond graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh R Bhimanapati
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Zhong Lin
- Department of Physics, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Vincent Meunier
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yeonwoong Jung
- Nanoscience Technology Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Judy Cha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Saptarshi Das
- Birck Nanotechnology Center & Department of ECE, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Youngwoo Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Valentino R Cooper
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computer Science & Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Liangbo Liang
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Steven G Louie
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science & Nano Engineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Wu Zhou
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computer Science & Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Steve S Kim
- Air Force Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB , Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES Inc. , Beavercreek, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Rajesh R Naik
- Air Force Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB , Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Bobby G Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computer Science & Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Humberto Terrones
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Fengnian Xia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Yeliang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Physics, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Deji Akinwande
- Microelectronics Research Centre, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Nasim Alem
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jon A Schuller
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California at Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Raymond E Schaak
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Physics, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Joshua A Robinson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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22
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Liu G, Liu SB, Xu B, Ouyang CY, Song HY, Guan S, Yang SA. Multiple Dirac Points and Hydrogenation-Induced Magnetism of Germanene Layer on Al (111) Surface. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:4936-4942. [PMID: 26606861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A continuous germanene layer grown on the Al (111) surface has recently been achieved in experiment. In this work, we investigate its structural, electronic, and hydrogenation-induced properties through first-principles calculations. We find that despite having a different lattice structure from its free-standing form, germanene on Al (111) still possesses Dirac points at high-symmetry K and K' points. More importantly, there exist another three pairs of Dirac points on the K(K')-M high-symmetry lines, which have highly anisotropic dispersions due to the reduced symmetry. These massless Dirac Fermions become massive when spin-orbit coupling is included. Hydrogenation of the germanene layer strongly affects its structural and electronic properties. Particularly, when not fully hydrogenated, ferromagnetism can be induced due to unpaired local orbitals from the unsaturated Ge atoms. Remarkably, we discover that the one-side semihydrogenated germanene turns out to be a two-dimensional half-semimetal, representing a novel state of matter that is simultaneously a half-metal and a semimetal.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Liu
- Strong-field and Ultrafast Photonics Lab, Institute of Laser Engineering, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124, China
- College of Physics and Communication Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang 330022, China
| | - S B Liu
- Strong-field and Ultrafast Photonics Lab, Institute of Laser Engineering, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124, China
| | - B Xu
- College of Physics and Communication Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang 330022, China
| | - C Y Ouyang
- College of Physics and Communication Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang 330022, China
| | - H Y Song
- Strong-field and Ultrafast Photonics Lab, Institute of Laser Engineering, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124, China
| | - S Guan
- Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials and EPD Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design , Singapore 487372, Singapore
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shengyuan A Yang
- Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials and EPD Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design , Singapore 487372, Singapore
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23
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Derivaz M, Dentel D, Stephan R, Hanf MC, Mehdaoui A, Sonnet P, Pirri C. Continuous germanene layer on Al(111). NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:2510-6. [PMID: 25802988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Germanene, a 2D honeycomb structure similar to silicene, has been fabricated on Al(111). The 2D germanene layer covers uniformly the substrate with a large coherence over the Al(111) surface atomic plane. It is characterized by a (3 × 3) superstructure with respect to the substrate lattice, shown by low energy electron diffraction and scanning tunnelling microscopy. First-principles calculations indicate that the Ge atoms accommodate in a very regular atomic configuration with a buckled conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Derivaz
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M UMR 7361 CNRS-Université de Haute Alsace, 3 bis rue Alfred Werner, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Didier Dentel
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M UMR 7361 CNRS-Université de Haute Alsace, 3 bis rue Alfred Werner, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Régis Stephan
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M UMR 7361 CNRS-Université de Haute Alsace, 3 bis rue Alfred Werner, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Marie-Christine Hanf
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M UMR 7361 CNRS-Université de Haute Alsace, 3 bis rue Alfred Werner, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Ahmed Mehdaoui
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M UMR 7361 CNRS-Université de Haute Alsace, 3 bis rue Alfred Werner, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Philippe Sonnet
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M UMR 7361 CNRS-Université de Haute Alsace, 3 bis rue Alfred Werner, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Carmelo Pirri
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M UMR 7361 CNRS-Université de Haute Alsace, 3 bis rue Alfred Werner, 68057 Mulhouse, France
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24
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Abstract
Abstract
Inspired by the great development of graphene, more and more research has been conducted to seek new two-dimensional (2D) materials with Dirac cones. Although 2D Dirac materials possess many novel properties and physics, they are rare compared with the numerous 2D materials. To provide explanation for the rarity of 2D Dirac materials as well as clues in searching for new Dirac systems, here we review the recent theoretical aspects of various 2D Dirac materials, including graphene, silicene, germanene, graphynes, several boron and carbon sheets, transition-metal oxides (VO2)n/(TiO2)m and (CrO2)n/(TiO2)m, organic and organometallic crystals, so-MoS2, and artificial lattices (electron gases and ultracold atoms). Their structural and electronic properties are summarized. We also investigate how Dirac points emerge, move, and merge in these systems. The von Neumann–Wigner theorem is used to explain the scarcity of Dirac cones in 2D systems, which leads to rigorous requirements on the symmetry, parameters, Fermi level, and band overlap of materials to achieve Dirac cones. Connections between existence of Dirac cones and the structural features are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Wang
- Center for Nanochemstry, Colledge of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shibin Deng
- Center for Nanochemstry, Colledge of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemstry, Colledge of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Center for Nanochemstry, Colledge of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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25
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Chen X, Li L, Zhao M. Hydrogenation-induced large-gap quantum-spin-Hall insulator states in a germanium–tin dumbbell structure. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10712a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The germanium–tin dumbbell structure, Sn6Ge4H4 has large topological nontrivial band gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- School of Physics
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Linyang Li
- School of Physics
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Mingwen Zhao
- School of Physics
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
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26
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Chen X, Li L, Zhao M. Dumbbell stanane: a large-gap quantum spin hall insulator. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:16624-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00046g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogenating DB stanene improves its stability and spin–orbit coupling effect, leading to a stable large-gap quantum spin Hall insulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Linyang Li
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Mingwen Zhao
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
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27
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Stephan R, Hanf MC, Sonnet P. Molecular functionalization of silicene/Ag(111) by covalent bonds: a DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:14495-501. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00613a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to differential functional theory calculations, we show that a benzene molecule can be chemisorbed in the butterfly configuration on the (3 × 3) silicene/(4 × 4) Ag(111) surface by means of two Si–C covalent bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Stephan
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- IS2M UMR 7361 CNRS-UHA
- 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | | | - Philippe Sonnet
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- IS2M UMR 7361 CNRS-UHA
- 68057 Mulhouse
- France
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Zhang RW, Zhang CW, Ji WX, Li F, Ren MJ, Li P, Yuan M, Wang PJ. Tunable electronic properties in the van der Waals heterostructure of germanene/germanane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:12194-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00875a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the structural and electronic properties of germanene/germanane heterostructures. The band gap in these heterostructures can be effectively modulated by the external electric field and strain. These results provide a route to design high-performance FETs operating at room temperature in nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-wu Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-wen Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-xiao Ji
- School of Physics and Technology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Physics and Technology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Miao-juan Ren
- School of Physics and Technology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Physics and Technology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yuan
- School of Physics and Technology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-ji Wang
- School of Physics and Technology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- People's Republic of China
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29
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Zhao X, Li L, Zhao M. Lattice match and lattice mismatch models of graphene on hexagonal boron nitride from first principles. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:095002. [PMID: 24521541 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/9/095002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The interface between graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrate plays an important role in device applications. Previously, theoretical studies have suggested that a small gap is opened at Dirac cones of graphene, but there is no detectable band gap in experiments. To explain the experimental result, we used two models from the views of lattice match and lattice mismatch between graphene and h-BN by first-principles calculations. We first studied the landscapes of the sliding energy surface (SES) and band gap of graphene on h-BN substrate within a lattice match approximation, which mimics continuously variable stacking sequences in a long-period graphene/BN Moiré superstructure arising from minor lattice mismatch. The plausibility of the long-period Moiré superstructure was evidenced by the smooth SES. The main features of the SES landscape can be captured by means of a simple registry index method. For most stacking patterns, the interactions between graphene and h-BN substrate open a band gap at the Dirac cones of graphene. However, there are special stacking modes in the landscape that preserve the Dirac cones of graphene. To further simulate the long-period graphene/BN Moiré superstructure observed in experiments, we also employed a rotation model within the lattice mismatch approximation. At the equilibrium interlayer spacing, the Dirac cones of graphene are preserved in all the rotational graphene/BN superstructures. The zero-band-gap feature is independent of the translation and rotation of graphene with respect to the h-BN substrate, which clearly agrees with the results of zero band gap in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhao
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Liu X, Tan J, Wang A, Zhang X, Zhao M. Electron spin-polarization and spin lattices in the boron- and nitrogen-doped organic framework COF-5. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:23286-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03478c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Kagome spin lattice and half-metallicity can be achieved in a COF-5 framework by substitutional doping with nitrogen and boron atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobiao Liu
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan, China
| | - Jie Tan
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan, China
| | - Aizhu Wang
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan, China
| | - Mingwen Zhao
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan, China
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31
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Ye XS, Shao ZG, Zhao H, Yang L, Wang CL. Intrinsic carrier mobility of germanene is larger than graphene's: first-principle calculations. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01802h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Shown here is the intrinsic carrier mobility (ICM) of germanene, a group-IV graphene-like two-dimensional buckled nanosheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Sheng Ye
- Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials
- SPTE
- South China Normal University and Institute of Modern Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Shao
- Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials
- SPTE
- South China Normal University and Institute of Modern Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials
- SPTE
- South China Normal University and Institute of Modern Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials
- SPTE
- South China Normal University and Institute of Modern Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cang-Long Wang
- Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials
- SPTE
- South China Normal University and Institute of Modern Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510006, China
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