1
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Hehn L, Deglmann P, Kühn M. Chelate Complexes of 3d Transition Metal Ions─A Challenge for Electronic-Structure Methods? J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:4545-4568. [PMID: 38805381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Different electronic-structure methods were assessed for their ability to predict two important properties of the industrially relevant chelating agent nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA): its selectivity with respect to six different first-row transition metal ions and the spin-state energetics of its complex with Fe(III). The investigated methods encompassed density functional theory (DFT), the random phase approximation (RPA), coupled cluster (CC) theory, and the auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo (AFQMC) method, as well as the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method and the respective on-top methods: second-order N-electron valence state perturbation theory (NEVPT2) and multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT). Different strategies for selecting active spaces were explored, and the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) approach was used to solve the largest active spaces. Despite somewhat ambiguous multi-reference diagnostics, most methods gave relatively good agreement with experimental data for the chemical reactions connected to the selectivity, which only involved transition-metal complexes in their high-spin state. CC methods yielded the highest accuracy followed by range-separated DFT and AFQMC. We discussed in detail that even higher accuracies can be obtained with NEVPT2, under the prerequisite that consistent active spaces along the entire chemical reaction can be selected, which was not the case for reactions involving Fe(III). A bigger challenge for electronic-structure methods was the prediction of the spin-state energetics, which additionally involved lower spin states that exhibited larger multi-reference diagnostics. Conceptually different, typically accurate methods ranging from CC theory via DMRG-NEVPT2 in combination with large active spaces to AFQMC agreed well that the high-spin state is energetically significantly favored over the other spin states. This was in contrast to most DFT functionals and RPA which yielded a smaller stabilization and some common DFT functionals and MC-PDFT even predicting the low-spin state to be energetically most favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hehn
- Next Generation Computing, BASF SE, Pfalzgrafenstr. 1, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Peter Deglmann
- Quantum Chemistry, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67063 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Kühn
- Next Generation Computing, BASF SE, Pfalzgrafenstr. 1, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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2
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Drabik G, Radoń M. Approaching the Complete Basis Set Limit for Spin-State Energetics of Mononuclear First-Row Transition Metal Complexes. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3199-3217. [PMID: 38574194 PMCID: PMC11044276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Convergence to the complete basis set (CBS) limit is analyzed for the problem of spin-state energetics in mononuclear first-row transition metal (TM) complexes by taking under scrutiny a benchmark set of 18 energy differences between spin states for 13 chemically diverse TM complexes. The performance of conventional CCSD(T) and explicitly correlated CCSD(T)-F12a/b calculations in approaching the CCSD(T)/CBS limits is systematically studied. An economic computational protocol is developed based on the CCSD-F12a approximation and (here proposed) modified scaling of the perturbative triples term (T#). This computational protocol recovers the relative spin-state energetics of the benchmark set in excellent agreement with the reference CCSD(T)/CBS limits (mean absolute deviation of 0.4, mean signed deviation of 0.2, and maximum deviation of 0.8 kcal/mol) and enables performing canonical CCSD(T) calculations for mononuclear TM complexes sized up to ca. 50 atoms, which is illustrated by application to heme-related metalloporphyrins. Furthermore, a good transferability of the basis set incompleteness error (BSIE) is demonstrated for spin-state energetics computed using CCSD(T) and other wave function methods (MP2, CASPT2, CASPT2/CC, NEVPT2, and MRCI + Q), which justifies efficient focal-point approximations and simplifies the construction of multimethod benchmark studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Drabik
- Jagiellonian
University, Doctoral School
of Exact and Natural Sciences, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Jagiellonian
University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków Poland
| | - Mariusz Radoń
- Jagiellonian
University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków Poland
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3
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Vénosová B, Karlický F. Modeling size and edge functionalization of MXene-based quantum dots and their effect on electronic and magnetic properties. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:7067-7076. [PMID: 38059028 PMCID: PMC10696970 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00474k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last six years, the synthesis of MXene-based quantum dots (MXQDs) has gained widespread attention. Due to the quantum confinement effect, it is possible to significantly improve their properties compared to 2D counterparts, such as higher chemical stability and better electronic and optical properties. However, despite the growing interest in their properties, much remains unexplored. One of the biggest challenges is to study in more detail the structure of quantum dots, in particular, their edge functionalization and its effect on their properties. In this paper, the structural stability and electronic and magnetic properties of Ti2CO2 QDs based on different lateral dimensions and edge functionalization (-O, -F, and -OH) are investigated using density functional theory. The study shows that the energy gap of Ti2CO2-O QDs decreases with increasing lateral size for both nonmagnetic (spin-unpolarized, close shell) and magnetic (spin-polarized, open shell) cases. Furthermore, the magnetic behavior of quantum dots was revealed by shrinking from 2D Ti2CO2 to 0D Ti2CO2 QDs with lateral dimensions below 1.4 nm. The binding energy confirms the stability of all three types of edge functionalization, while the most stable structure was observed under fully saturated edge oxygenation. Moreover, it was also found that the spin density distribution and the energy gap of Ti2CO2-X QDs (X = O, F, and OH) are both dependent on the type of atom saturation. Size and edge confinement modeling has been demonstrated to be an effective tool for tuning the electronic and magnetic properties of MXQDs. Moreover, the observed enhanced spin polarization together with tunable magnetic properties makes the ultrafine Ti2CO2-X QDs promising candidates for spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Vénosová
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava 30. dubna 22 7013 Ostrava Czech Republic +420 553 46 2155
| | - František Karlický
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava 30. dubna 22 7013 Ostrava Czech Republic +420 553 46 2155
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4
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Radoń M. Benchmarks for transition metal spin-state energetics: why and how to employ experimental reference data? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:30800-30820. [PMID: 37938035 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03537a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of energy differences between alternative spin states of transition metal complexes is essential in computational (bio)inorganic chemistry-for example, in characterization of spin crossover materials and in the theoretical modeling of open-shell reaction mechanisms-but it remains one of the most compelling problems for quantum chemistry methods. A part of this challenge is to obtain reliable reference data for benchmark studies, as even the highest-level applicable methods are known to give divergent results. This Perspective discusses two possible approaches to method benchmarking for spin-state energetics: using either theoretically computed or experiment-derived reference data. With the focus on the latter approach, an extensive general review is provided for the available experimental data of spin-state energetics and their interpretations in the context of benchmark studies, targeting the possibility of back-correcting the vibrational effects and the influence of solvents or crystalline environments. With a growing amount of experience, these effects can be now not only qualitatively understood, but also quantitatively modeled, providing the way to derive nearly chemically accurate estimates of the electronic spin-state gaps to be used as benchmarks and advancing our understanding of the phenomena related to spin states in condensed phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Radoń
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
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5
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de Mendonça JPA, Mariano LA, Devijver E, Jakse N, Poloni R. Artificial Neural Network-Based Density Functional Approach for Adiabatic Energy Differences in Transition Metal Complexes. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:7555-7566. [PMID: 37843492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
During the past decades, approximate Kohn-Sham density functional theory schemes have garnered many successes in computational chemistry and physics, yet the performance in the prediction of spin state energetics is often unsatisfactory. By means of a machine learning approach, an enhanced exchange and correlation functional is developed to describe adiabatic energy differences in transition metal complexes. The functional is based on the computationally efficient revision of the regularized, strongly constrained, and appropriately normed functional and improved by an artificial neural network correction trained over a small data set of electronic densities, atomization energies, and/or spin state energetics. The training process, performed using a bioinspired nongradient-based approach adapted for this work from the particle swarm optimization, is analyzed and discussed extensively. The resulting machine learned meta-generalized gradient approximation functional is shown to outperform most known density functionals in the prediction of adiabatic energy differences for a diverse set of transition metal complexes with varying local coordinations and metal choices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emilie Devijver
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LIG, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Noel Jakse
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SIMaP, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Roberta Poloni
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SIMaP, 38000 Grenoble, France
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6
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Manukovsky N, Kamieniarz G, Kronik L. Spin state and magnetic coupling in polynuclear Ni(II) complexes from density functional theory: is there an optimal amount of Fock exchange? J Chem Phys 2023; 159:154103. [PMID: 37846951 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable prediction of the ground-state spin and magnetic coupling constants in transition-metal complexes is a well-known challenge for density functional theory (DFT). One popular strategy for addressing this long-standing issue involves the modification of the fraction of Fock exchange in a hybrid functional. Here we explore the viability of this approach using three polynuclear metal-organic complexes based on a Ni4O4 cubane motif, having different ground state spin values (S = 0, 2, 4) owing to the use of different ligands. We systematically search for an optimum fraction of Fock exchange, across various global, range-separated, and double hybrid functionals. We find that for all functionals tested, at best there only exists a very narrow range of Fock exchange fractions which results in a correct prediction of the ground-state spin for all three complexes. The useful range is functional dependent, but general trends can be identified. Typically, at least two similar systems must be used in order to determine both an upper and lower limit of the optimal range. This is likely owing to conflicting demands of minimizing delocalization errors, which typically requires a higher percentage of Fock exchange, and addressing static correlation, which typically requires a lower one. Furthermore, we find that within the optimal range of Fock exchange, the sign and relative magnitude of Ni-Ni magnetic coupling constants are reasonably well reproduced, but there is still room for quantitative improvement in the prediction. Thus, the prediction of spin state and magnetic coupling in polynuclear complexes remains an ongoing challenge for DFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Manukovsky
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 7610001, Israel
| | | | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 7610001, Israel
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7
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Rastetter U, Jacobi von Wangelin A, Herrmann C. Redox-active ligands as a challenge for electronic structure methods. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:468-479. [PMID: 36326153 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To improve the catalytic activity of 3d transition metal catalysts, redox-active ligands are a promising tool. These ligands influence the oxidation state of the metal center as well as the ground spin-state and make the experimental determination of both properties challenging. Therefore, first-principles calculations, in particular employing density functional theory with a proper choice of exchange-correlation (xc) functional, are crucial. Common xc functionals were tested on a simple class of metal complexes: homoleptic, octahedral tris(diimine) iron(II) complexes. The spin-state energy splittings for most of these complexes showed the expected linear dependence on the amount of exact exchange included in the xc functionals. Even though varying redox-activity affects the electronic structure of the complexes considerably, the sensitivity of the spin-state energetics to the exact exchange admixture is surprisingly small. For iron(II) complexes with highly redox-active ligands and for a broad range of ligands in the reduced tris(diimine) iron(I) complexes, self-consistent field convergence to local minima was observed, which differ from the global minimum in the redox state of the ligand. This may also result in convergence to a molecular structure that corresponds to an energetically higher-lying local minimum. One criterion to detect such behavior is a change in the sign of the slope for the dependence of the spin-state energy splittings on the amount of exact exchange. We discuss possible protocols for dealing with such artifacts in cases in which a large number of calculations makes checking by hand unfeasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Rastetter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Albavera-Mata A, Trickey SB, Hennig RG. Mean Value Ensemble Hubbard- U Correction for Spin-Crossover Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:12049-12054. [PMID: 36542415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput searches for spin-crossover molecules require Hubbard-U corrections to common density functional exchange-correlation (XC) approximations. However, the Ueff values obtained from linear response or based on previous studies overcorrect the spin-crossover energies. We demonstrate that employing a linearly mixed ensemble average spin state as the reference configuration for the linear response calculation of Ueff resolves this issue. Validation on a commonly used set of spin-crossover complexes shows that these ensemble Ueff values consistently are smaller than those calculated directly on a pure spin state, irrespective of whether that be low- or high-spin. Adiabatic crossover energies using this methodology for a generalized gradient approximation XC functional are closer to the expected target energy range than with conventional Ueff values. Based on the observation that the Ueff correction is similar for different complexes that share transition metals with the same oxidation state, we devise a set of recommended averaged Ueff values for high-throughput calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Albavera-Mata
- Center for Molecular Magnetic Quantum Materials, Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611, United States
| | - S B Trickey
- Center for Molecular Magnetic Quantum Materials, Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611, United States
- Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611, United States
| | - Richard G Hennig
- Center for Molecular Magnetic Quantum Materials, Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611, United States
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9
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Reimann M, Kaupp M. Spin-State Splittings in 3d Transition-Metal Complexes Revisited: Benchmarking Approximate Methods for Adiabatic Spin-State Energy Differences in Fe(II) Complexes. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:7442-7456. [PMID: 36417564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The CASPT2+δMRCI composite approach reported in a companion paper has been extended and used to provide high-quality reference data for a series of adiabatic spin gaps (defined as ΔE = Equintet - Esinglet) of [FeIIL6]2+ complexes (L = CNH, CO, NCH, NH3, H2O), either at nonrelativistic level or including scalar relativistic effects. These highly accurate data have been used to evaluate the performance of various more approximate methods. Coupled-cluster theory with singles, doubles, and perturbative triples, CCSD(T), is found to agree well with the new reference data for Werner-type complexes but exhibits larger underestimates by up to 70 kJ/mol for the π-acceptor ligands, due to appreciable static correlation in the low-spin states of these systems. Widely used domain-based local CCSD(T) calculations, DLPNO-CCSD(T), are shown to depend very sensitively on the cutoff values used to construct the localized domains, and standard values are not sufficient. A large number of density functional approximations have been evaluated against the new reference data. The B2PLYP double hybrid gives the smallest deviations, but several functionals from different rungs of the usual ladder hierarchy give mean absolute deviations below 20 kJ/mol. This includes the B97-D semilocal functional, the PBE0* global hybrid with 15% exact-exchange admixture, as well as the local hybrids LH07s-SVWN and LH07t-SVWN. Several further functionals achieve mean absolute errors below 30 kJ/mol (M06L-D4, SSB-D, B97-1-D4, LC-ωPBE-D4, LH12ct-SsirPW92-D4, LH12ct-SsifPW92-D4, LH14t-calPBE-D4, LHJ-HFcal-D4, and several further double hybrids) and thereby also still overall outperform CCSD(T) or uncorrected CASPT2. While exact-exchange admixture is a crucial factor in favoring high-spin states, the present evaluations confirm that other aspects can be important as well. A number of the better-performing functionals underestimate the spin gaps for the π-acceptor ligands but overestimate them for L = NH3, H2O. In contrast to a previous suggestion, non-self-consistent density functional theory (DFT) computations on top of Hartree-Fock orbitals are not a promising path to produce accurate spin gaps in such complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Reimann
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Grau BW, Neuhauser A, Aghazada S, Meyer K, Tsogoeva SB. Iron-Catalyzed Olefin Metathesis: Recent Theoretical and Experimental Advances. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201414. [PMID: 35770829 PMCID: PMC9826008 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The "metathesis reaction" is a straightforward and often metal-catalyzed chemical reaction that transforms two hydrocarbon molecules to two new hydrocarbons by exchange of molecular fragments. Alkane, alkene and alkyne metathesis have become an important tool in synthetic chemistry and have provided access to complex organic structures. Since the discovery of industrial olefin metathesis in the 1960s, many modifications have been reported; thus, increasing scope and improving reaction selectivity. Olefin metathesis catalysts based on high-valent group six elements or Ru(IV) have been developed and improved through ligand modifications. In addition, significant effort was invested to realize olefin metathesis with a non-toxic, bio-compatible and one of the most abundant elements in the earth's crust; namely, iron. First evidences suggest that low-valent Fe(II) complexes are active in olefin metathesis. Although the latter has not been unambiguously established, this review summarizes the key advances in the field and aims to guide through the challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt W. Grau
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße, 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Alexander Neuhauser
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße, 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sadig Aghazada
- Inorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Egerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany,Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–58093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Inorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Egerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Svetlana B. Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße, 1091058ErlangenGermany
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11
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Mirzanejad A, Varganov SA. The role of the intermediate triplet state in iron-catalyzed multi-state C-H activation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20721-20727. [PMID: 36018581 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02733j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Efficient activation and functionalization of the C-H bond under mild conditions are of a great interest in chemical synthesis. We investigate the previously proposed spin-accelerated activation of the C(sp2)-H bond by a Fe(II)-based catalyst to clarify the role of the intermediate triplet state in the reaction mechanism. High-level electronic structure calculations on a small model of a catalytic system utilizing the coupled cluster with the single, double, and perturbative triple excitations [CCSD(T)] are used to select the density functional for the full-size model. Our analysis indicates that the previously proposed two-state quintet-singlet reaction pathway is unlikely to be efficient due to a very weak spin-orbit coupling between these two spin states. We propose a more favorable multi-state quintet-triplet-singlet reaction pathway and discuss the importance of the intermediate triplet state. This triplet state facilitates a spin-accelerated reaction mechanism by strongly coupling to both quintet and singlet states. Our calculations show that the C-H bond activation through the proposed quintet-triplet-singlet reaction pathway is more thermodynamically favorable than the single-state quintet and two-state singlet-quintet mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mirzanejad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557-0216, USA.
| | - Sergey A Varganov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557-0216, USA.
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12
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Drosou M, Mitsopoulou CA, Pantazis DA. Reconciling Local Coupled Cluster with Multireference Approaches for Transition Metal Spin-State Energetics. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:3538-3548. [PMID: 35582788 PMCID: PMC9202354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Spin-state energetics
of transition metal complexes remain one
of the most challenging targets for electronic structure methods.
Among single-reference wave function approaches, local correlation
approximations to coupled cluster theory, most notably the domain-based
local pair natural orbital (DLPNO) approach, hold the promise of bringing
the accuracy of coupled cluster theory with single, double, and perturbative
triple excitations, CCSD(T), to molecular systems of realistic size
with acceptable computational cost. However, recent studies on spin-state
energetics of iron-containing systems raised doubts about the ability
of the DLPNO approach to adequately and systematically approximate
energetics obtained by the reference-quality complete active space
second-order perturbation theory with coupled-cluster semicore correlation,
CASPT2/CC. Here, we revisit this problem using a diverse set of iron
complexes and examine several aspects of the application of the DLPNO
approach. We show that DLPNO-CCSD(T) can accurately reproduce both
CASPT2/CC and canonical CCSD(T) results if two basic principles are
followed. These include the consistent use of the improved iterative
(T1) versus the semicanonical perturbative triple corrections
and, most importantly, a simple two-point extrapolation to the PNO
space limit. The latter practically eliminates errors arising from
the default truncation of electron-pair correlation spaces and should
be viewed as standard practice in applications of the method to transition
metal spin-state energetics. Our results show that reference-quality
results can be readily achieved with DLPNO-CCSD(T) if these principles
are followed. This is important also in view of the applicability
of the method to larger single-reference systems and multinuclear
clusters, whose treatment of dynamic correlation would be challenging
for multireference-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Drosou
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou 15771, Greece
| | - Christiana A Mitsopoulou
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou 15771, Greece
| | - Dimitrios A Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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13
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EPR Spectroscopy of Cu(II) Complexes: Prediction of g-Tensors Using Double-Hybrid Density Functional Theory. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Computational electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is an important field of applied quantum chemistry that contributes greatly to connecting spectroscopic observations with the fundamental description of electronic structure for open-shell molecules. However, not all EPR parameters can be predicted accurately and reliably for all chemical systems. Among transition metal ions, Cu(II) centers in inorganic chemistry and biology, and their associated EPR properties such as hyperfine coupling and g-tensors, pose exceptional difficulties for all levels of quantum chemistry. In the present work, we approach the problem of Cu(II) g-tensor calculations using double-hybrid density functional theory (DHDFT). Using a reference set of 18 structurally and spectroscopically characterized Cu(II) complexes, we evaluate a wide range of modern double-hybrid density functionals (DHDFs) that have not been applied previously to this problem. Our results suggest that the current generation of DHDFs consistently and systematically outperform other computational approaches. The B2GP-PLYP and PBE0-DH functionals are singled out as the best DHDFs on average for the prediction of Cu(II) g-tensors. The performance of the different functionals is discussed and suggestions are made for practical applications and future methodological developments.
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14
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Vitillo JG, Cramer CJ, Gagliardi L. Multireference Methods are Realistic and Useful Tools for Modeling Catalysis. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny G. Vitillo
- Department of Science and High Technology and INSTM Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio 9 I-22100 Como Italy
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Underwriters Laboratories Inc. 333 Pfingsten Road Northbrook Illinois 60602 United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering James Franck Institute University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 United States
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15
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Graham DS, Wen X, Chulhai DV, Goodpaster J. Huzinaga Projection Embedding for Efficient and Accurate Energies of Systems with Localized Spin-densities. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:054112. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0076493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuelan Wen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, United States of America
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16
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Drosou M, Mitsopoulou CA, Pantazis DA. Spin-state energetics of manganese spin crossover complexes: Comparison of single-reference and multi-reference ab initio approaches. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Drosou M, Pantazis DA. Redox Isomerism in the S 3 State of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex Resolved by Coupled Cluster Theory. Chemistry 2021; 27:12815-12825. [PMID: 34288176 PMCID: PMC8518824 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The electronic and geometric structures of the water-oxidizing complex of photosystem II in the steps of the catalytic cycle that precede dioxygen evolution remain hotly debated. Recent structural and spectroscopic investigations support contradictory redox formulations for the active-site Mn4 CaOx cofactor in the final metastable S3 state. These range from the widely accepted MnIV 4 oxo-hydroxo model, which presumes that O-O bond formation occurs in the ultimate transient intermediate (S4 ) of the catalytic cycle, to a MnIII 2 MnIV 2 peroxo model representative of the contrasting "early-onset" O-O bond formation hypothesis. Density functional theory energetics of suggested S3 redox isomers are inconclusive because of extreme functional dependence. Here, we use the power of the domain-based local pair natural orbital approach to coupled cluster theory, DLPNO-CCSD(T), to present the first correlated wave function theory calculations of relative stabilities for distinct redox-isomeric forms of the S3 state. Our results enabled us to evaluate conflicting models for the S3 state of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) and to quantify the accuracy of lower-level theoretical approaches. Our assessment of the relevance of distinct redox-isomeric forms for the mechanism of biological water oxidation strongly disfavors the scenario of early-onset O-O formation advanced by literal interpretations of certain crystallographic models. This work serves as a case study in the application of modern coupled cluster implementations to redox isomerism problems in oligonuclear transition metal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Drosou
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensPanepistimiopolisZografou15771Greece
| | - Dimitrios A. Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an derRuhrGermany
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18
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Martín-Fernández C, Harvey JN. On the Use of Normalized Metrics for Density Sensitivity Analysis in DFT. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4639-4652. [PMID: 34018759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the past years, there has been a discussion about how the errors in density functional theory might be related to errors in the self-consistent densities obtained from different density functional approximations. This, in turn, brings up the discussion about the different ways in which we can measure such errors and develop metrics that assess the sensitivity of calculated energies to changes in the density. It is important to realize that there cannot be a unique metric in order to look at this density sensitivity, simultaneously needing size-extensive and size-intensive metrics. In this study, we report two metrics that are widely applicable to any density functional approximation. We also show how they can be used to classify different chemical systems of interest with respect to their sensitivity to small variations in the density.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy N Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan, 200F 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Mariano LA, Vlaisavljevich B, Poloni R. Improved Spin-State Energy Differences of Fe(II) Molecular and Crystalline Complexes via the Hubbard U-Corrected Density. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:2807-2816. [PMID: 33831303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We recently showed that the DFT+U approach with a linear-response U yields adiabatic energy differences biased toward high spin [Mariano et al. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2020, 16, 6755-6762]. Such bias is removed here by employing a density-corrected DFT approach where the PBE functional is evaluated on the Hubbard U-corrected density. The adiabatic energy differences of six Fe(II) molecular complexes computed using this approach, named PBE[U] here, are in excellent agreement with coupled cluster-corrected CASPT2 values for both weak- and strong-field ligands resulting in a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.44 eV, smaller than that of the recently proposed Hartree-Fock density-corrected DFT (1.22 eV) and any other tested functional, including the best performer TPSSh (0.49 eV). We take advantage of the computational efficiency of this approach and compute the adiabatic energy differences of five molecular crystals using PBE[U] with periodic boundary conditions. The results show, again, an excellent agreement (MAE = 0.07 eV) with experimentally extracted values and a superior performance compared with the best performers M06-L (MAE = 0.08 eV) and TPSSh (MAE = 0.31 eV) computed on molecular fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo A Mariano
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP, SIMaP, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Bess Vlaisavljevich
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Roberta Poloni
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP, SIMaP, F-38042 Grenoble, France
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20
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Barbosa ED, Neto JXL, Teixeira DG, Bezerra KS, do Amaral VS, Oliveira JIN, Lima JPMS, Machado LD, Fulco UL. Exploring human porphobilinogen synthase metalloprotein by quantum biochemistry and evolutionary methods. Metallomics 2021; 13:6206860. [PMID: 33791795 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown the porphobilinogen synthase (PBGS) zinc-binding mechanism and its conservation among the living cells. However, the precise molecular interaction of zinc with the active center of the enzyme is unknown. In particular, quantum chemistry techniques within the density functional theory (DFT) framework have been the key methodology to describe metalloproteins, when one is looking for a compromise between accuracy and computational feasibility. Considering this, we used DFT-based models within the molecular fractionation with conjugate caps scheme to evaluate the binding energy features of zinc interacting with the human PBGS. Besides, phylogenetic and clustering analyses were successfully employed in extracting useful information from protein sequences to identify groups of conserved residues that build the ions-binding site. Our results also report a conservative assessment of the relevant amino acids, as well as the benchmark analysis of the calculation models used. The most relevant intermolecular interactions in Zn2+-PBGS are due to the amino acids CYS0122, CYS0124, CYS0132, ASP0169, SER0168, ARG0221, HIS0131, ASP0120, GLY0133, VAL0121, ARG0209, and ARG0174. Among these residues, we highlighted ASP0120, GLY0133, HIS0131, SER0168, and ARG0209 by co-occurring in all clusters generated by unsupervised clustering analysis. On the other hand, the triple cysteines at 2.5 Å from zinc (CYS0122, CYS0124, and CYS0132) have the highest energy attraction and are absent in the taxa Viridiplantae, Sar, Rhodophyta, and some Bacteria. Additionally, the performance of the DFT-based models shows that the processing time-dependence is more associated with the choice of the basis set than the exchange-correlation functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Barbosa
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - J X Lima Neto
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - D G Teixeira
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - K S Bezerra
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - V S do Amaral
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - J I N Oliveira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - J P M Santos Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - L D Machado
- Departamento de Física Teórica e Experimental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - U L Fulco
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
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21
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Broclawik E, Kozyra P, Mitoraj M, Radoń M, Rejmak P. Zeolites at the Molecular Level: What Can Be Learned from Molecular Modeling. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061511. [PMID: 33801999 PMCID: PMC8001918 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review puts the development of molecular modeling methods in the context of their applications to zeolitic active sites. We attempt to highlight the utmost necessity of close cooperation between theory and experiment, resulting both in advances in computational methods and in progress in experimental techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Broclawik
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis PAS, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Paweł Kozyra
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (P.K.); (M.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Mariusz Mitoraj
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (P.K.); (M.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Mariusz Radoń
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (P.K.); (M.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Paweł Rejmak
- Laboratory of X-ray and Electron Microscopy Research, Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland;
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22
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Quirós MT, Collado-Sanz D, Buñuel E, Cárdenas DJ. On the mechanism of the formation of alkyl-Ni(I) catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2424-2427. [PMID: 33554998 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00203a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The formation of catalytically active alkyl-Ni(i) complexes by comproportionation of diorgano-Ni(ii) precursors and Ni(0) species proceeds easily through triplet states by alkyl ligand exchange. The process involves inversion of the configuration at the carbon that is transferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa Quirós
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| | - Daniel Collado-Sanz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| | - Elena Buñuel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| | - Diego J Cárdenas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
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23
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Boniolo M, Chernev P, Cheah MH, Heizmann PA, Huang P, Shylin SI, Salhi N, Hossain MK, Gupta AK, Messinger J, Thapper A, Lundberg M. Electronic and geometric structure effects on one-electron oxidation of first-row transition metals in the same ligand framework. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:660-674. [PMID: 33325945 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03695a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Developing new transition metal catalysts requires understanding of how both metal and ligand properties determine reactivity. Since metal complexes bearing ligands of the Py5 family (2,6-bis-[(2-pyridyl)methyl]pyridine) have been employed in many fields in the past 20 years, we set out here to understand their redox properties by studying a series of base metal ions (M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) within the Py5OH (pyridine-2,6-diylbis[di-(pyridin-2-yl)methanol]) variant. Both reduced (MII) and the one-electron oxidized (MIII) species were carefully characterized using a combination of X-ray crystallography, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and density-functional theory calculations. The observed metal-ligand interactions and electrochemical properties do not always follow consistent trends along the periodic table. We demonstrate that this observation cannot be explained by only considering orbital and geometric relaxation, and that spin multiplicity changes needed to be included into the DFT calculations to reproduce and understand these trends. In addition, exchange reactions of the sixth ligand coordinated to the metal, were analysed. Finally, by including published data of the extensively characterised Py5OMe (pyridine-2,6-diylbis[di-(pyridin-2-yl)methoxymethane])complexes, the special characteristics of the less common Py5OH ligand were extracted. This comparison highlights the non-innocent effect of the distal OH functionalization on the geometry, and consequently on the electronic structure of the metal complexes. Together, this gives a complete analysis of metal and ligand degrees of freedom for these base metal complexes, while also providing general insights into how to control electrochemical processes of transition metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Boniolo
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry -Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
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24
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Drabik G, Szklarzewicz J, Radoń M. Spin-state energetics of metallocenes: How do best wave function and density functional theory results compare with the experimental data? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:151-172. [PMID: 33313617 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04727a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We benchmark the accuracy of quantum-chemical methods, including wave function theory methods [coupled cluster theory at the CCSD(T) level, multiconfigurational perturbation-theory (CASPT2, NEVPT2) and internally contracted multireference configuration interaction (MRCI)] and 30 density functional theory (DFT) approximations, in reproducing the spin-state splittings of metallocenes. The reference values of the electronic energy differences are derived from the experimental spin-crossover enthalpy for manganocene and the spectral data of singlet-triplet transitions for ruthenocene, ferrocene, and cobaltocenium. For ferrocene and cobaltocenium we revise the previous experimental interpretations regarding the lowest triplet energy; our argument is based on the comparison with the lowest singlet excitation energy and herein reported, carefully determined absorption spectrum of ferrocene. When deriving vertical energies from the experimental band maxima, we go beyond the routine vertical energy approximation by introducing vibronic corrections based on simulated vibrational envelopes. The benchmarking result confirms the high accuracy of the CCSD(T) method (in particular, for UCCSD(T) based on Hartree-Fock orbitals we find for our dataset: maximum error 0.12 eV, weighted mean absolute error 0.07 eV, weighted mean signed error 0.01 eV). The high accuracy of the single-reference method is corroborated by the analysis of a multiconfigurational character of the complete active space wave function for the triplet state of ferrocene. On the DFT side, our results confirm the non-universality problem with approximate functionals. The present study is an important step toward establishing an extensive and representative benchmark set of experiment-derived spin-state energetics for transition metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Drabik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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25
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da Silva AR, de Almeida JS, Rivelino R. A Theoretical Assessment of Spin and Charge States in Binuclear Cobalt-Ruthenium Complexes: Implications for a Creutz-Taube Model Ion Separated by a C 60-Derivative Bridging Ligand. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10826-10837. [PMID: 33296201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the spin-state energetics and the role of ionic charges in the electronic configuration of binuclear complexes of the form [(NH3)5Co(py)-X-(py)Ru(NH3)5]q+. In these compounds with q = 4-6, py = pyridine, and X = C≡C and C60, the Co-Ru distance varies from ∼1.4 to ∼2.1 nm. We carry out a systematic electronic structure calculation using different exchange-correlation (xc) approaches within spin-density functional theory, which are largely employed to investigate the properties of a variety of coordination complexes. To evaluate the effects of spin states and type of spacer in the bridging ligand on the valence tautomerism between Co2+/3+ and Ru2+/3+, we examine in more detail the case of Creutz-Taube-type ions [(NH3)5Co(py)-X-(py)Ru(NH3)5]5+. Our analysis shows that the stabilization of low- and high-spin states critically depends on the total charge of the complex, type of X-bridged ligand, and employed xc approach to calculate the electron spin density. Importantly, the C60-bridged group may result in a blockage of the valence tautomerism of the Creutz-Taube complex, inducing bistable charge configurations. Overall, our results also show that an adiabatic description in terms of the frontier molecular spin-orbitals for analyzing the distinct spin-charge states of these complexes may dramatically depend on the density-functional description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexsandro R da Silva
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40210-340 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Instituto Federal do Maranhão, Campus São João dos Patos, 65665-000 São João dos Patos, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Rivelino
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40210-340 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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26
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Abstract
Applications of density-functional theory (DFT) in computational chemistry rely on an approximate exchange-correlation (xc) functional. However, existing approximations can fail dramatically for open-shell molecules, in particular for transition-metal complexes or radicals. Most importantly, predicting energy differences between different spin-states with approximate exchange-correlation functionals remains extremely challenging. Formally, it is known that the exact xc functional should be spin-state dependent, but none of the available approximations feature such an explicit spin-state dependence [C. R. Jacob and M. Reiher, Int. J. Quantum Chem., 2012, 112, 3661-3684]. Thus, to find novel approximations for the xc functional for open-shell systems, the development of spin-state dependent xc functionals appears to be a promising avenue. Here, we set out to shed light on the spin-state dependence of the xc functional by investigating the underlying xc holes, which we extract from configuration interaction calculations for model systems. We analyze the similarities and differences between the xc holes of the lowest-energy singlet and triplet states of the dihydrogen molecule, the helium atom, and the lithium dimer. To shed further light on the spin-state dependence of these xc holes we also discuss exact conditions that can be derived from the spin structure of the reduced two-electron density matrix. Altogether, our results suggest several possible routes towards the construction of explicitly spin-state dependent approximations for the xc functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brüggemann
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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27
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Römer A, Hasecke L, Blöchl P, Mata RA. A Review of Density Functional Models for the Description of Fe(II) Spin-Crossover Complexes. Molecules 2020; 25:E5176. [PMID: 33172067 PMCID: PMC7664392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spin-crossover (SCO) materials have for more than 30 years stood out for their vast application potential in memory, sensing and display devices. To reach magnetic multistability conditions, the high-spin (HS) and low-spin (LS) states have to be carefully balanced by ligand field stabilization and spin-pairing energies. Both effects could be effectively modelled by electronic structure theory, if the description would be accurate enough to describe these concurrent influences to within a few kJ/mol. Such a milestone would allow for the in silico-driven development of SCO complexes. However, so far, the ab initio simulation of such systems has been dominated by general gradient approximation density functional calculations. The latter can only provide the right answer for the wrong reasons, given that the LS states are grossly over-stabilized. In this contribution, we explore different venues for the parameterization of hybrid functionals. A fitting set is provided on the basis of explicitly correlated coupled cluster calculations, with single- and multi-dimensional fitting approaches being tested to selected classes of hybrid functionals (hybrid, range-separated, and local hybrid). Promising agreement to benchmark data is found for a rescaled PBE0 hybrid functional and a local version thereof, with a discussion of different atomic exchange factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Römer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (A.R.); (L.H.)
| | - Lukas Hasecke
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (A.R.); (L.H.)
| | - Peter Blöchl
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Clausthal, Leibnizstraße 10, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany;
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A. Mata
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (A.R.); (L.H.)
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28
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Mariano LA, Vlaisavljevich B, Poloni R. Biased Spin-State Energetics of Fe(II) Molecular Complexes within Density-Functional Theory and the Linear-Response Hubbard U Correction. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:6755-6762. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo A. Mariano
- Grenoble-INP, SIMaP, University of Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Bess Vlaisavljevich
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Roberta Poloni
- Grenoble-INP, SIMaP, University of Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, F-38042 Grenoble, France
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29
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Flöser B, Guo Y, Riplinger C, Tuczek F, Neese F. Detailed Pair Natural Orbital-Based Coupled Cluster Studies of Spin Crossover Energetics. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:2224-2235. [PMID: 32196337 PMCID: PMC7310951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a detailed study of spin-state splittings in three spin crossover model compounds with DLPNO-CCSD(T) is presented. The performance in comparison to canonical CCSD(T) is assessed in detail. It was found that spin-state splittings with chemical accuracy, compared to the canonical results, are achieved when the full iterative triples (T1) scheme and TightPNO settings are applied and relativistic effects are taken into account. Having established the level of accuracy that can be reached relative to the canonical results, we have undertaken a detailed basis set study in the second part of the study. The slow convergence of the results of correlated calculations with respect to basis set extension is particularly acute for spin-state splittings for reasons discussed in detail in this Article. In fact, for some of the studied systems, 5Z basis sets are necessary in order to come close to the basis set limit that is estimated here by basis set extrapolation. Finally, the results of the present work are compared to available literature. In general, acceptable agreement with previous CCSD(T) results is found, although notable deviations stemming from differences in methodology and basis sets are noted. It is noted that the published CASPT2 numbers are far away from the extrapolated CCSD(T) numbers. In addition, dynamic quantum Monte Carlo results differ by several tens of kcal/mol from the CCSD(T) numbers. A comparison to DFT results produced with a range of popular density functionals shows the expected scattering of results and showcases the difficulty of applying DFT to spin-state energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt
M. Flöser
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Yang Guo
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | | | - Felix Tuczek
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
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30
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Jeong W, Stoneburner SJ, King D, Li R, Walker A, Lindh R, Gagliardi L. Automation of Active Space Selection for Multireference Methods via Machine Learning on Chemical Bond Dissociation. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:2389-2399. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- WooSeok Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoporous Materials Genome Center, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Samuel J. Stoneburner
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoporous Materials Genome Center, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Daniel King
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoporous Materials Genome Center, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ruye Li
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoporous Materials Genome Center, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Andrew Walker
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Roland Lindh
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, and Uppsala Center for Computational Chemistry—UC3, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoporous Materials Genome Center, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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31
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Stoneburner SJ, Truhlar DG, Gagliardi L. Transition Metal Spin-State Energetics by MC-PDFT with High Local Exchange. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1187-1195. [PMID: 31962045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The energetics of the spin states of transition metal complexes have been explored with a variety of electronic structure methods, but the calculations require a compromise between accuracy and affordability. In this work, the spin splittings of several iron complexes are studied with multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT). The results are compared to previously published results obtained by complete active space second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2) and CASPT2 with coupled-cluster semicore correlation (CASPT2/CC). In contrast to CASPT2's systematic overstabilization of high-spin states with respect to the CASPT2/CC reference, MC-PDFT with the tPBE on-top functional understabilizes high-spin states. This systematic understabilization is largely corrected by revising the exchange and correlation contributions to the on-top functional using the high local-exchange approximation (tPBE-HLE). Moreover, tPBE-HLE correctly predicts the spin of the ground state in most cases, while CASPT2 incorrectly predicts high-spin ground states in all cases. This is encouraging for practical work because tPBE and tPBE-HLE are faster than CASPT2 by a factor of 50 even in a moderately sized example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Stoneburner
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
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33
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Manna D, Lo R, Hobza P. Spin modification of iron(ii) complexes via covalent (dative) and dispersion guided non-covalent bonding with N-heterocyclic carbenes: DFT, DLPNO-CCSD(T) and MCSCF studies. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:164-170. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04334a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spin crossover from high spin Fe(ii)-phthalocyanine to low or intermediate spin via either dative covalent or non-covalent interaction by just varying the substituent using the same core ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashree Manna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 16610 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
| | - Rabindranath Lo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 16610 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
| | - Pavel Hobza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 16610 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
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34
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Cabrera-Lobera N, Quirós MT, Brennessel WW, Neidig ML, Buñuel E, Cárdenas DJ. Atom-Economical Ni-Catalyzed Diborylative Cyclization of Enynes: Preparation of Unsymmetrical Diboronates. Org Lett 2019; 21:6552-6556. [PMID: 31356084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a Ni-catalyzed diborylative cyclization of enynes that affords carbo- and heterocycles containing both alkyl- and alkenylboronates. The reaction is fully atom-economical, shows a broad scope, and employs a powerful and inexpensive catalytic Ni-based system. The reaction mechanism seems to involve activation of the enyne by Ni(0) through oxidative cyclometalation of the enyne prior to diboron reagent activation. An unprecedented dinuclear bis(organometallic) Ni(I) intermediate complex was isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Cabrera-Lobera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) , Av. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco 28049 , Madrid , Spain
| | - M Teresa Quirós
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) , Av. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco 28049 , Madrid , Spain
| | - William W Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
| | - Michael L Neidig
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
| | - Elena Buñuel
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) , Av. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco 28049 , Madrid , Spain
| | - Diego J Cárdenas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) , Av. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco 28049 , Madrid , Spain
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35
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Gaggioli CA, Stoneburner SJ, Cramer CJ, Gagliardi L. Beyond Density Functional Theory: The Multiconfigurational Approach To Model Heterogeneous Catalysis. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Alberto Gaggioli
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Samuel J. Stoneburner
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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36
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Radoń M. Benchmarking quantum chemistry methods for spin-state energetics of iron complexes against quantitative experimental data. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:4854-4870. [PMID: 30778468 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00105k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The accuracy of relative spin-state energetics predicted by selected quantum chemistry methods: coupled cluster theory at the CCSD(T) level, multiconfigurational perturbation theory (CASPT2, NEVPT2), multireference configuration interaction at the MRCISD+Q level, and a number of DFT methods, is quantitatively evaluated by comparison with the experimental data of four octahedral iron complexes. The available experimental data, either spin-forbidden transition energies or spin crossover enthalpies, are corrected for relevant environmental effects in order to derive the quantitative benchmark set of iron spin-state energetics. Comparison of theory predictions with the resulting reference data: (1) validates the high accuracy of the CCSD(T) method, particularly when based on Kohn-Sham orbitals, giving the maximum error below 2 kcal mol-1 and the mean absolute error (MAE) below 1 kcal mol-1; (2) corroborates the tendency of CASPT2 to systematically overstabilize higher-spin states by up to 5.5 kcal mol-1; (3) confirms that the latter problem is partly remedied by the recently proposed CASPT2/CC approach [Phung et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput., 2018, 14, 2446-2455]; (4) demonstrates that NEVPT2 performs worse than CASPT2, by giving errors up to 7 kcal mol-1; (5) shows that the accuracy of MRCISD+Q spin-state energetics strongly depends on the size-consistency correction: the Davidson-Silver and Pople corrections perform best (MAE < 3 kcal mol-1), whereas the standard Davidson correction is not recommended (MAE of 7 kcal mol-1). Only a few DFT methods (including the best performing ones identified in this study: B2PLYP-D3 and OPBE) are able to provide a balanced description of the spin-state energetics for all four studied iron complexes simultaneously, corroborating the non-universality problem of approximate density functionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Radoń
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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37
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Guo M, Källman E, Pinjari RV, Couto RC, Kragh Sørensen L, Lindh R, Pierloot K, Lundberg M. Fingerprinting Electronic Structure of Heme Iron by Ab Initio Modeling of Metal L-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectra. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 15:477-489. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meiyuan Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Källman
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rahul V. Pinjari
- School of Chemical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded 431606, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rafael C. Couto
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lasse Kragh Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roland Lindh
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristine Pierloot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcus Lundberg
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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38
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Ohki Y, Uchida K, Hara R, Kachi M, Fujisawa M, Tada M, Sakai Y, Sameera WMC. Cubane-Type [Mo 3 S 4 M] Clusters with First-Row Groups 4-10 Transition-Metal Halides Supported by C 5 Me 5 Ligands on Molybdenum. Chemistry 2018; 24:17138-17147. [PMID: 30204282 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic protocol was developed for a series of cubane-type [Mo3 S4 M] clusters that incorporate halides of first-row transition metals (M) from Groups 4-10. This protocol is based on the anionic cluster platform [Cp*3 Mo3 S4 ]- ([1]- ; Cp*=η5 -C5 Me5 ), which crystallizes when K(18-crown-6) is used as the counter cation. Treatment of in situ-generated [1]- with such transition-metal halides led to the formation of [Mo3 S4 M] clusters, in which the M/halide ratio gradually changes from 1:2 to 1:1.5 and to 1:1, when moving from early to late transition metals. This trend suggests a tendency for early transition metals to tolerate higher oxidation states and adopt larger ionic radii relative to late transition metals. The properties of the [Mo3 S4 Fe] cluster 6 a were investigated in detail by using 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ohki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Keisuke Uchida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ryota Hara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mami Kachi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mayu Fujisawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Research Center for Materials Science (RCMS) & Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Daido University, Takiharu-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya, 457-8530, Japan
| | - W M C Sameera
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
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39
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Torrent-Sucarrat M, Arrastia I, Arrieta A, Cossío FP. Stereoselectivity, Different Oxidation States, and Multiple Spin States in the Cyclopropanation of Olefins Catalyzed by Fe–Porphyrin Complexes. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Torrent-Sucarrat
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 3, 20018 San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, 20018 San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo, 36-5 Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iosune Arrastia
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 3, 20018 San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, 20018 San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
| | - Ana Arrieta
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 3, 20018 San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
| | - Fernando P. Cossío
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 3, 20018 San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, 20018 San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
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40
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Radoń M, Drabik G. Spin States and Other Ligand-Field States of Aqua Complexes Revisited with Multireference ab Initio Calculations Including Solvation Effects. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:4010-4027. [PMID: 29944837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-level multireference (CASPT2, NEVPT2) calculations are reported for transition metal aqua complexes with electronic configurations from (3d)1 to (3d)8. We focus on the experimentally evidenced excitation energies to their various ligand-field states, including different spin states. By employing models accounting for both explicit and implicit solvation, we find that solvation effect may contribute up to 0.5 eV to the excitation energies depending on the charge of ion and character of the electronic transition. We further demonstrate that with an adequate choice of the active space and the energetics extrapolated to the complete basis set limit, the presently computed excitation energies are in a good agreement with the experimental data. This allows us to conclusively resolve significant discrepancies reported in earlier theory works [e.g., J. Phys. Chem. C 2014 , 118 , 29196 - 29208 ]. For the benchmark set of 19 spin-forbidden and 24 spin-allowed transitions (for which experimental data are unambiguous), we find the mean absolute error of 0.15 or 0.13 eV and the maximum error of 0.56 or 0.42 eV for CASPT2 or NEVPT2 calculations, respectively. For the particularly challenging sextet-quartet gap for [Fe(H2O)6]3+, we support our interpretation by additional calculations with multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) and coupled cluster theory up to the CCSDT(Q) level. By underlining a rather subtle interplay between the solvation and correlation effects, the findings of this Article are relevant not only for modeling and interpretation of optical spectra of transition metal complexes but also in further benchmarking of theoretical methods for the challenging problem of spin-state energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Radoń
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 2 , Krakow 30-387 , Poland
| | - Gabriela Drabik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 2 , Krakow 30-387 , Poland
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41
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Villuendas P, Ruiz S, Vidossich P, Lledós A, Urriolabeitia EP. Selective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Olefins by Copper-Mediated Acetoxythiolation of Internal Alkynes: Scope and Mechanistic Studies. Chemistry 2018; 24:13124-13135. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Villuendas
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias; Edificio D Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Sara Ruiz
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias; Edificio D Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Pietro Vidossich
- Departament de Química, Edifici Cn; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés Barcelona Spain
- COBO, Computational Bio-organic Chemistry Bogotá, Department of Chemistry; Universidad de los Andes; Carrera 1 No. 18A 10 10 111711 Bogotá Colombia
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament de Química, Edifici Cn; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés Barcelona Spain
| | - Esteban P. Urriolabeitia
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias; Edificio D Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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42
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Phung QM, Feldt M, Harvey JN, Pierloot K. Toward Highly Accurate Spin State Energetics in First-Row Transition Metal Complexes: A Combined CASPT2/CC Approach. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:2446-2455. [PMID: 29614218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In previous work on the performance of multiconfigurational second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2) in describing spin state energetics in first-row transition metal systems [ Pierloot et al. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2017 , 13 , 537 - 553 ], we showed that standard CASPT2 works well for valence correlation but does not describe the metal semicore (3s3p) correlation effects accurately. This failure is partially responsible for the well-known bias toward high-spin states of CASPT2. In this paper, we expand our previous work and show that this bias could be partly removed with a combined CASPT2/CC approach: using high-quality CASPT2 with extensive correlation-consistent basis sets for valence correlation and low-cost CCSD(T) calculations with minimal basis sets for the metal semicore (3s3p) correlation effects. We demonstrate that this approach is efficient by studying the spin state energetics of a series of iron complexes modeling important intermediates in oxidative catalytic processes in chemistry and biochemistry. On the basis of a comparison with bare CCSD(T) results from this and previous work, the average error of the CASPT2/CC approach is estimated at around 2 kcal mol-1 in favor of high spin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Manh Phung
- Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Milica Feldt
- Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Jeremy N Harvey
- Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Kristine Pierloot
- Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
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43
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Smith PW, Tilley TD. Base-Free Iron Hydrosilylene Complexes via an α-Hydride Migration that Induces Spin Pairing. J Am Chem Soc 2018. [PMID: 29528225 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two new base-free hydrosilylene complexes of iron were synthesized using the novel starting material Cp*( iPr2MeP)FeMes. These Cp*( iPr2MeP)Fe(H)SiHR (R = DMP, Trip) complexes are in equilibrium with the corresponding iron silyl complexes, Cp*( iPr2MeP)FeSiH2R, which can be trapped and characterized for R = Trip. Unlike the Ru analogues, the Fe silylene complex with R = DMP is observed to undergo an intramolecular C-H activation involving formal addition of a benzylic C-H bond across the Fe-Si bond. This increased activity for bond activations is also observed for reactions with hydrogen, where Fe reacts faster than a Ru analog to form the hydrogenation product, Cp*( iPr2MeP)H2FeSiH2DMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Smith
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720-1460 , United States
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720-1460 , United States
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44
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Rousseau L, Brémond E, Lefèvre G. Assessment of the ground spin state of iron(i) complexes: insights from DFT predictive models. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04816e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Factors governing the ground spin state of iron(i) complexes are analyzed by DFT methods. An efficient benchmarking procedure is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Rousseau
- NIMBE
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - E. Brémond
- Univ. Paris Diderot
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- ITODYS
- F-75013 Paris
- France
| | - G. Lefèvre
- NIMBE
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Gif-sur-Yvette
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45
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Pogány L, Brachňaková B, Moncol J, Pavlik J, Nemec I, Trávníček Z, Mazúr M, Bučinský L, Suchánek L, Šalitroš I. Impact of Substituent Variation on the Presence of Thermal Spin Crossover in a Series of Mononuclear Iron(III) Schiff Base Complexes with Terminal Pseudohalido Co-ligands. Chemistry 2017; 24:5191-5203. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Pogány
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava; Bratislava 81237 Slovakia
| | - Barbora Brachňaková
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava; Bratislava 81237 Slovakia
| | - Ján Moncol
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava; Bratislava 81237 Slovakia
| | - Ján Pavlik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava; Bratislava 81237 Slovakia
| | - Ivan Nemec
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science; Palacký University; 17. Listopadu 12 771 46 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Trávníček
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science; Palacký University; 17. Listopadu 12 771 46 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Milan Mazúr
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava; Bratislava 81237 Slovakia
| | - Lukáš Bučinský
- Department of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava; Bratislava 81237 Slovakia
| | - Lubomír Suchánek
- Department of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava; Bratislava 81237 Slovakia
| | - Ivan Šalitroš
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava; Bratislava 81237 Slovakia
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Pinter B, Chankisjijev A, Geerlings P, Harvey JN, De Proft F. Conceptual Insights into DFT Spin-State Energetics of Octahedral Transition-Metal Complexes through a Density Difference Analysis. Chemistry 2017; 24:5281-5292. [PMID: 29114944 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an intuitive concept is derived, which explains the characteristic dependence of spin-state energetics on the exact exchange admixture of DFT functionals in the case of octahedral transition metal complexes. The change in electron density distributions upon varying the admixture, c3 , in the B3LYP functional is analyzed for archetype ionic and covalent systems as well as for the Fe2+ ion in an ideal octahedral field. An understanding of how the DFT description of the electronic structure of octahedral complexes changes as a function of c3 is sought. A systematic spin-state energy analysis of 50 octahedral complexes of various metals and ligands with consistent experimental data is presented, allowing the derivation, in theory, of an optimal c3 value for each system. The notion that the admixture dependence of DFT spin-state energetics stems from the treatment of nondynamic electrons arising from the mixing of (M-Lz2 )0 (dz2 )2 and (M-Lx2-y2 )0 (dx2-y2 )2 configurations into the dominant (M-Lx2-y2 )2 (dx2-y2 )0 and (M-Lx2-y2 )2 (dx2-y2 )0 ones in the low(er) spin states is put forward. That is, in the effort to mimic such electron-electron interactions, ExLDA overestimates, whereas exact exchange downplays the contribution of this type of electron correlation to the stability of low(er) spin states, leading to the widespread practical observation that the higher the exact exchange admixture, the more stable the high-spin-state configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balazs Pinter
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Artiom Chankisjijev
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeremy N Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Prokopiou G, Kronik L. Spin-State Energetics of Fe Complexes from an Optimally Tuned Range-Separated Hybrid Functional. Chemistry 2017; 24:5173-5182. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Prokopiou
- Department of Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
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Phung QM, Domingo A, Pierloot K. Dinuclear Iron(II) Spin-Crossover Compounds: A Theoretical Study. Chemistry 2017; 24:5183-5190. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Manh Phung
- Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F Leuven 3001 Belgium
| | - Alex Domingo
- Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F Leuven 3001 Belgium
| | - Kristine Pierloot
- Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F Leuven 3001 Belgium
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The Role of Self-Interaction Corrections, Vibrations, and Spin-Orbit in Determining the Ground Spin State in a Simple Heme. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry3040031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Marchand G, Siri O, Jacquemin D. On the structures, spin states, and optical properties of titanium, platinum, and iron azacalixphyrins: a DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:15903-15913. [PMID: 28589971 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02600e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Azacalixphyrins (ACP) constitute a new class of macrocycles isoelectronic and isostructural to porphyrins. Herein, we report the first theoretical investigation of the properties of the ACP macrocycles metallated at their centre by titanium, platinum, and iron ions. We considered both the original phenyl-type ACP and new pyridyl-type forms. Our results indicate that the metallation greatly impacts the global structure of the macrocycle through pseudo Jahn-Teller effects, giving rise to a possible conformational transition between D2d and S4 structures. Such an effect could not be found in the metal-free ACPs. In addition, we find that, in contrast to the purely singlet platinum ACPs, and the purely triplet iron ACPs, several spin states are energetically close in the titanium ACPs, especially when weak field ligands are bound in axial positions to the metallic centre. According to TD-DFT calculations, metallation also tunes the optical properties. In particular, the absorption band in the near infrared region undergoes a hypsochromic shift of ca. 100-200 nm when going from the D2d to the S4 structures. We quantify how the addition of electroactive ligands in the axial position can increase or tune down these spectral changes. This contribution therefore supports the development of ACP coordination complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Marchand
- CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, BP 92208, Université de Nantes, 2, Rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3, France.
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