1
|
Stradomska D, Coloma J, Hanefeld U, Szymańska K. Continuous flow for enantioselective cyanohydrin synthesis. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00054g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomerically pure cyanohydrins are of great importance in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries and can be efficiently obtained under flow-through conditions using structured microreactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Stradomska
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Design, Silesian University of Technology, Ks. M. Strzody 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - José Coloma
- Department of Biotechnology, Section Biocatalysis, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, Avenida Circunvalación s/n, P.O. Box 13-05-2732, Manta, Ecuador
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Department of Biotechnology, Section Biocatalysis, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Szymańska
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Design, Silesian University of Technology, Ks. M. Strzody 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Biocatalysis has an enormous impact on chemical synthesis. The waves in which biocatalysis has developed, and in doing so changed our perception of what organic chemistry is, were reviewed 20 and 10 years ago. Here we review the consequences of these waves of development. Nowadays, hydrolases are widely used on an industrial scale for the benign synthesis of commodity and bulk chemicals and are fully developed. In addition, further enzyme classes are gaining ever increasing interest. Particularly, enzymes catalysing selective C-C-bond formation reactions and enzymes catalysing selective oxidation and reduction reactions are solving long-standing synthetic challenges in organic chemistry. Combined efforts from molecular biology, systems biology, organic chemistry and chemical engineering will establish a whole new toolbox for chemistry. Recent developments are critically reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Hanefeld
- Biocatalysis, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Biocatalysis, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, The Netherlands.
| | - Caroline E Paul
- Biocatalysis, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Coloma J, Guiavarc'h Y, Hagedoorn PL, Hanefeld U. Immobilisation and flow chemistry: tools for implementing biocatalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11416-11428. [PMID: 34636371 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04315c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The merger of enzyme immobilisation and flow chemistry has attracted the attention of the scientific community during recent years. Immobilisation enhances enzyme stability and enables recycling, flow chemistry allows process intensification. Their combination is desirable for the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly biocatalytic processes. In this feature article, we aim to point out important metrics for successful enzyme immobilisation and for reporting flow biocatalytic processes. Relevant examples of immobilised enzymes used in flow systems in organic, biphasic and aqueous systems are discussed. Finally, we describe recent developments to address the cofactor recycling hurdle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Coloma
- Biokatalyse, Afdeling Biotechnologie, Technische Universiteit Delft, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands. .,Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, Avenida Circunvalación s/n, P. O. Box 13-05-2732, Manta, Ecuador
| | - Yann Guiavarc'h
- Biokatalyse, Afdeling Biotechnologie, Technische Universiteit Delft, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands. .,Laboratory Reactions and Process Engineering, University of Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Peter-Leon Hagedoorn
- Biokatalyse, Afdeling Biotechnologie, Technische Universiteit Delft, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Biokatalyse, Afdeling Biotechnologie, Technische Universiteit Delft, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hagedoorn PL, Hollmann F, Hanefeld U. Novel oleate hydratases and potential biotechnological applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6159-6172. [PMID: 34350478 PMCID: PMC8403116 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Oleate hydratase catalyses the addition of water to the CC double bond of oleic acid to produce (R)-10-hydroxystearic acid. The enzyme requires an FAD cofactor that functions to optimise the active site structure. A wide range of unsaturated fatty acids can be hydrated at the C10 and in some cases the C13 position. The substrate scope can be expanded using ‘decoy’ small carboxylic acids to convert small chain alkenes to secondary alcohols, albeit at low conversion rates. Systematic protein engineering and directed evolution to widen the substrate scope and increase the conversion rate is possible, supported by new high throughput screening assays that have been developed. Multi-enzyme cascades allow the formation of a wide range of products including keto-fatty acids, secondary alcohols, secondary amines and α,ω-dicarboxylic acids. Key points • Phylogenetically distinct oleate hydratases may exhibit mechanistic differences. • Protein engineering to improve productivity and substrate scope is possible. • Multi-enzymatic cascades greatly widen the product portfolio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Leon Hagedoorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de Martino MT, Tonin F, Bloemendal VRLJ, Hanefeld U, Rutjes FPJT, van Hest JCM. Compartmentalized cross-linked enzyme nano aggregates ( c-CLE nAs) toward pharmaceutical transformations. RSC Adv 2021; 11:21857-21861. [PMID: 35478789 PMCID: PMC9034143 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04332c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A new immobilization strategy using compartmentalized nanoreactors is herein reported for two biocatalytic processes: (1) N-acetylneuraminate lyase (NAL) is internalized in NAL-c-CLEnAs and used in a continuous flow aldol condensation of N-acetyl-d-mannosamine with sodium pyruvate to N-acetylneuraminic acid; (2) two hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDH) 7α- and 7β-HSDH are incorporated in c-CLEnAs and used in a two-step cascade batch synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). The versatile use of c-CLEnA demonstrates that this immobilization methodology is a valuable addition to the toolbox of synthetic chemists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa de Martino
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology PO Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Tonin
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Victor R L J Bloemendal
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology PO Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands .,Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology PO Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
van Schie MMCH, Spöring JD, Bocola M, Domínguez de María P, Rother D. Applied biocatalysis beyond just buffers - from aqueous to unconventional media. Options and guidelines. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2021; 23:3191-3206. [PMID: 34093084 PMCID: PMC8111672 DOI: 10.1039/d1gc00561h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In nature, enzymes conventionally operate under aqueous conditions. Because of this, aqueous buffers are often the choice for reaction media when enzymes are applied in chemical synthesis. However, to meet the demands of an industrial application, due to the poor water solubility of many industrially relevant compounds, an aqueous reaction system will often not be able to provide sufficient substrate loadings. A switch to a non-aqueous solvent system can provide a solution, which is already common for lipases, but more challenging for biocatalysts from other enzyme classes. The choices in solvent types and systems, however, can be overwhelming. Furthermore, some engineering of the protein structure of biocatalyst formulation is required. In this review, a guide for those working with biocatalysts, who look for a way to increase their reaction productivity, is presented. Examples reported clearly show that bulk water is not necessarily required for biocatalytic reactions and that clever solvent systems design can support increased product concentrations thereby decreasing waste formation. Additionally, under these conditions, enzymes can also be combined in cascades with other, water-sensitive, chemical catalysts. Finally, we show that the application of non-aqueous solvents in biocatalysis can actually lead to more sustainable processes. At the hand of flowcharts, following simple questions, one can quickly find what solvent systems are viable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten M C H van Schie
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Jan-Dirk Spöring
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
- Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Marco Bocola
- Enzymaster Deutschland GmbH Neusser Str. 39 40219 Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | - Dörte Rother
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
- Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rao DHS, Shivani K, Padhi SK. Immobilized Arabidopsis thaliana Hydroxynitrile Lyase-Catalyzed Retro-Henry Reaction in the Synthesis of (S)-β-Nitroalcohols. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:560-576. [PMID: 33044692 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Enantiopure β-nitroalcohols are versatile intermediates used in the synthesis of important pharmaceuticals and chiral synthons. In this article, immobilized Arabidopsis thaliana HNL (AtHNL)-catalyzed preparation of (S)-β-nitroalcohols from their racemic mixtures via retro-Henry reaction was studied. AtHNL used in biocatalysis was immobilized by physical adsorption in inexpensive celite®545. Under optimized biocatalytic conditions, the total turnover number of the catalyst has improved 2.3-fold for (S)-2-nitro-1-phenylethanol (NPE) synthesis, than free enzyme catalysis. This study reported for the first time celite-AtHNL-catalyzed retro-Henry reaction at low pH. At pH 4.5 and 5.0, 62% ee and 41% conversion, and 97% ee and 42% conversion of (S)-NPE were obtained respectively, while the free enzyme inactivates at pH < 5.0. The increased catalytic efficiency and pH stability of the catalyst could be possibly due to increased stability of AtHNL by immobilization. A dozen of racemic β-nitroalcohols were converted into their corresponding (S)-β-nitroalcohols using this reaction; among them, eight were not tested earlier. The immobilized enzyme has showed broad substrate selectivity in the retro-Henry reaction, and products were obtained up to 98.5% ee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D H Sreenivasa Rao
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Kummari Shivani
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Padhi
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana hydroxynitrile lyase (AtHNL) catalyzes the selective synthesis of (R)-cyanohydrins. This enzyme is unstable under acidic conditions, therefore its immobilization is necessary for the synthesis of enantiopure cyanohydrins. EziG Opal is a controlled porosity glass material for the immobilization of His-tagged enzymes. The immobilization of His6-tagged AtHNL on EziG Opal was optimized for higher enzyme stability and tested for the synthesis of (R)-mandelonitrile in batch and continuous flow systems. AtHNL-EziG Opal achieved 95% of conversion after 30 min of reaction time in batch and it was recycled up to eight times with a final conversion of 80% and excellent enantioselectivity. The EziG Opal carrier catalyzed the racemic background reaction; however, the high enantioselectivity observed in the recycling study demonstrated that this was efficiently suppressed by using citrate/phosphate buffer saturated methyl-tert-butylether (MTBE) pH 5 as reaction medium. The continuous flow system achieved 96% of conversion and excellent enantioselectivity at 0.1 mL min−1. Lower conversion and enantioselectivity were observed at higher flow rates. The specific rate of AtHNL-EziG Opal in flow was 0.26 mol h−1 genzyme−1 at 0.1 mL min−1 and 96% of conversion whereas in batch, the immobilized enzyme displayed a specific rate of 0.51 mol h−1 genzyme−1 after 30 min of reaction time at a similar level of conversion. However, in terms of productivity the continuous flow system proved to be almost four times more productive than the batch approach, displaying a space-time-yield (STY) of 690 molproduct h−1 L−1 genzyme−1 compared to 187 molproduct h−1 L−1 genzyme−1 achieved with the batch system.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zheng YC, Li FL, Lin Z, Lin GQ, Hong R, Yu HL, Xu JH. Structure-Guided Tuning of a Hydroxynitrile Lyase to Accept Rigid Pharmaco Aldehydes. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fu-Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zuming Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ran Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui-Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Coloma J, Guiavarc'h Y, Hagedoorn PL, Hanefeld U. Probing batch and continuous flow reactions in organic solvents: Granulicella tundricola hydroxynitrile lyase (GtHNL). Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00604a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Granulicella tundricola hydroxynitrile lyase (GtHNL) is a manganese dependent cupin which catalyses the enantioselective synthesis of (R)-cyanohydrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Coloma
- Biokatalyse
- Afdeling Biotechnologie
- Technische Universiteit Delft
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Yann Guiavarc'h
- Biokatalyse
- Afdeling Biotechnologie
- Technische Universiteit Delft
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Peter-Leon Hagedoorn
- Biokatalyse
- Afdeling Biotechnologie
- Technische Universiteit Delft
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Biokatalyse
- Afdeling Biotechnologie
- Technische Universiteit Delft
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Building Up Quaternary Stereocenters Through Biocatalyzed Direct Insertion of Carbon Nucleophiles on Ketones. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
12
|
Abstract
A concurrent bienzymatic cascade for the synthesis of optically pure (S)-4-methoxymandelonitrile benzoate ((S)-3) starting from 4-anisaldehyde (1) has been developed. The cascade involves an enantioselective Manihot esculenta hydroxynitrile lyase-catalyzed hydrocyanation of 1, and the subsequent benzoylation of the resulting cyanohydrin (S)-2 catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase A in organic solvent. To accomplish this new direct synthesis of the protected enantiopure cyanohydrin, both enzymes were immobilized and each biocatalytic step was studied separately in search for a window of compatibility. In addition, potential cross-interactions between the two reactions were identified. Optimization of the cascade resulted in 81% conversion of the aldehyde to the corresponding benzoyl cyanohydrin with 98% enantiomeric excess.
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen BS, Ribeiro de Souza FZ. Enzymatic synthesis of enantiopure alcohols: current state and perspectives. RSC Adv 2019; 9:2102-2115. [PMID: 35516160 PMCID: PMC9059855 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09004a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enantiomerically pure alcohols, as key intermediates, play an essential role in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and chemical industries. Among the methods used for their production, biotechnological approaches are generally considered a green and effective alternative due to their mild reaction conditions and remarkable enantioselectivity. An increasing number of enzymatic strategies for the synthesis of these compounds has been developed over the years, among which seven primary methodologies can be distinguished as follows: (1) enantioselective water addition to alkenes, (2) enantioselective aldol addition, (3) enantioselective coupling of ketones with hydrogen cyanide, (4) asymmetric reduction of carbonyl compounds, (5) (dynamic) kinetic resolution of racemates, (6) enantioselective hydrolysis of epoxides, and (7) stereoselective hydroxylation of unactivated C-H bonds. Some recent reviews have examined these approaches separately; however, to date, no review has included all the above mentioned strategies. The aim of this mini-review is to provide an overview of all seven enzymatic strategies and draw conclusions on the effect of each approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Shuang Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
van der Helm MP, Bracco P, Busch H, Szymańska K, Jarzębski AB, Hanefeld U. Hydroxynitrile lyases covalently immobilized in continuous flow microreactors. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy02192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are supreme catalysts when it comes to high enantiopurities and their immobilization will pave the way for continuous operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Bracco
- Biokatalyse
- Afdeling Biotechnologie
- Technische Universiteit Delft
- 2629HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Hanna Busch
- Biokatalyse
- Afdeling Biotechnologie
- Technische Universiteit Delft
- 2629HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Szymańska
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Design
- Silesian University of Technology
- 44-100 Gliwice
- Poland
| | - Andrzej B. Jarzębski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Design
- Silesian University of Technology
- 44-100 Gliwice
- Poland
- Institute of Chemical Engineering
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Biokatalyse
- Afdeling Biotechnologie
- Technische Universiteit Delft
- 2629HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jangir N, Padhi SK. Immobilized Baliospermum montanum hydroxynitrile lyase catalyzed synthesis of chiral cyanohydrins. Bioorg Chem 2018; 84:32-40. [PMID: 30481644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxynitrile lyase (HNL) catalyzed enantioselective CC bond formation is an efficient approach to synthesize chiral cyanohydrins which are important building blocks in the synthesis of a number of fine chemicals, agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Immobilization of HNL is known to provide robustness, reusability and in some cases also enhances activity and selectivity. We optimized the preparation of immobilization of Baliospermium montanum HNL (BmHNL) by cross linking enzyme aggregate (CLEA) method and characterized it by SEM. Optimization of biocatalytic parameters was performed to obtain highest % conversion and ee of (S)-mandelonitrile from benzaldehyde using CLEA-BmHNL. The optimized reaction parameters were: 20 min of reaction time, 7 U of CLEA-BmHNL, 1.2 mM substrate, and 300 mM citrate buffer pH 4.2, that synthesized (S)-mandelonitrile in ∼99% ee and ∼60% conversion. Addition of organic solvent in CLEA-BmHNL biocatalysis did not improve in % ee or conversion of product unlike other CLEA-HNLs. CLEA-BmHNL could be successfully reused for eight consecutive cycles without loss of conversion or product formation and five cycles with a little loss in enantioselectivity. Eleven different chiral cyanohydrins were synthesized under optimal biocatalytic conditions in up to 99% ee and 59% conversion, however the % conversion and ee varied for different products. CLEA-BmHNL has improved the enantioselectivity of (S)-mandelonitrile synthesis compared to the use of purified BmHNL. Nine aldehydes not tested earlier with BmHNL were converted into their corresponding (S)-cyanohydrins for the first time using CLEA-BmHNL. Among the eleven (S)-cyanohydrins syntheses reported here, eight of them have not been synthesized by any CLEA-HNL. Overall, this study showed preparation, characterization of a stable, robust and recyclable biocatalyst i.e. CLEA-BmHNL and its biocatalytic application in the synthesis of different (S)-aromatic cyanohydrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Jangir
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Padhi
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yao L, Li H, Yang J, Li C, Shen Y. Purification and characterization of a hydroxynitrile lyase from Amygdalus pedunculata Pall. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:189-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
17
|
Yildirim D, Toprak A, Alagöz D, Tukel SS. Protein-coated microcrystals of Prunus armeniaca hydroxynitrile lyase: an effective and recyclable biocatalyst for synthesis of (R)-mandelonitrile. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
18
|
Abstract
The hydroxynitrile lyase from Prunus amygdalus was immobilized on Celite R-633. The immobilized enzyme could successfully be utilized in buffer saturated MTBE and excellent conversions of benzaldehyde to R-mandelonitrile were observed. No leaching occurred. To achieve high enantioselectivities, the suppression of the undesired background reaction was essential. This could be achieved by high enzyme loadings and the tight packing of the immobilized enzymes. When the immobilized enzyme is loosely packed, both the enzyme catalysis and the background reaction accelerates and only a modest enantioselectivity is observed. The enzyme was recycled for up to ten times, with some loss of activity and also enantioselectivity after 5 cycles, independent of packing.
Collapse
|
19
|
Karmaker PG, Qiu J, Wu D, Zhang S, Yin H, Chen FX. Improved organocatalytic electrophilic α-cyanation of β-keto amides with 1-cyanato-4-nitrobenzene. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
20
|
Hydroxynitrile lyases from cyanogenic millipedes: molecular cloning, heterologous expression, and whole-cell biocatalysis for the production of (R)-mandelonitrile. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3051. [PMID: 29445093 PMCID: PMC5813103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxynitrile lyases (HNLs), which are key enzymes in cyanogenesis, catalyze the cleavage of cyanohydrins into carbonyl compounds and hydrogen cyanide. Since HNLs also catalyze the reverse reaction, they are used industrially for the asymmetric synthesis of cyanohydrins, which are valuable building blocks of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. HNLs have been isolated from cyanogenic plants and bacteria. Recently, an HNL from the cyanogenic millipede Chamberlinius hualienensis was shown to have the highest specific activity for (R)-mandelonitrile synthesis, along with high stability and enantioselectivity. However, no HNLs have been isolated from other cyanogenic millipedes. We identified and characterized HNLs from 10 cyanogenic millipedes in the Paradoxosomatidae and Xystodesmidae. Sequence analyses showed that HNLs are conserved among cyanogenic millipedes and likely evolved from one ancestral gene. The HNL from Parafontaria tonominea was expressed in Escherichia coli SHuffle T7 and showed high specific activity for (R)-mandelonitrile synthesis and stability at a range of pHs and temperatures. The stability of millipede HNLs is likely due to disulfide bond(s). The E. coli cells expressing HNL produced (R)-mandelonitrile with 97.6% enantiomeric excess without organic solvents. These results demonstrate that cyanogenic millipedes are a valuable source of HNLs with high specific activity and stability.
Collapse
|
21
|
Bracco P, Busch H, von Langermann J, Hanefeld U. Enantioselective synthesis of cyanohydrins catalysed by hydroxynitrile lyases - a review. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:6375-89. [PMID: 27282284 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00934d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective synthesis was the selective addition of cyanide to benzaldehyde catalysed by a hydroxynitrile lyase (HNL). Since then these enzymes have been developed into a reliable tool in organic synthesis. HNLs to prepare either the (R)- or the (S)-enantiomer of the desired cyanohydrin are available and a wide variety of reaction conditions can be applied. As a result of this, numerous applications of these enzymes in organic synthesis have been described. Here the examples of the last decade are summarised, the enzyme catalysed step is discussed and the follow-up chemistry is shown. This proves HNLs to be part of main stream organic synthesis. Additionally the newest approaches via immobilisation and reaction engineering are introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Bracco
- Gebouw voor Scheikunde, Biokatalyse, Afdeling Biotechnologie, Technische Universiteit Delft, Julianalaan 136, 2628BL Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Hanna Busch
- Gebouw voor Scheikunde, Biokatalyse, Afdeling Biotechnologie, Technische Universiteit Delft, Julianalaan 136, 2628BL Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan von Langermann
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Gebouw voor Scheikunde, Biokatalyse, Afdeling Biotechnologie, Technische Universiteit Delft, Julianalaan 136, 2628BL Delft, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lanfranchi E, Grill B, Raghoebar Z, Van Pelt S, Sheldon RA, Steiner K, Glieder A, Winkler M. Production of Hydroxynitrile Lyase from Davallia tyermannii
(Dt
HNL) in Komagataella phaffii
and Its Immobilization as a CLEA to Generate a Robust Biocatalyst. Chembiochem 2017; 19:312-316. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lanfranchi
- acib GmbH; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
- Present address: School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; College Road Cork Ireland
| | | | - Zainab Raghoebar
- CLEA-Technologies; Delftechpark 34 2628 XH Delft The Netherlands
- Present address: Avantium Chemicals BV; Zekeringstraat 29 1014 BV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Sander Van Pelt
- CLEA-Technologies; Delftechpark 34 2628 XH Delft The Netherlands
- Present address: Bioprocess Pilot Facility B.V.; Alexander Fleminglaan 1 2613 AX Delft The Netherlands
| | - Roger A. Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute; School of Chemistry; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg PO Wits 2050 South Africa
| | | | - Anton Glieder
- acib GmbH; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology; Graz University of Technology; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Margit Winkler
- acib GmbH; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology; Graz University of Technology; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zheng YC, Xu JH, Wang H, Lin GQ, Hong R, Yu HL. Hydroxynitrile Lyase Isozymes fromPrunus communis: Identification, Characterization and Synthetic Applications. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Qiu JS, Wang YF, Qi GR, Karmaker PG, Yin HQ, Chen FX. Highly Enantioselective α-Cyanation with 4-Acetylphenyl Cyanate. Chemistry 2017; 23:1775-1778. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shen Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and the Environment; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian district Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Yao-Feng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and the Environment; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian district Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Gui-Rong Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering and the Environment; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian district Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Pran G. Karmaker
- School of Chemical Engineering and the Environment; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian district Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Hong-Quan Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering and the Environment; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian district Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Fu-Xue Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and the Environment; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian district Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Structures of almond hydroxynitrile lyase isoenzyme 5 provide a rationale for the lack of oxidoreductase activity in flavin dependent HNLs. J Biotechnol 2016; 235:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
26
|
Cioc RC, Schuckman P, Preschel HD, Vlaar T, Ruijter E, Orru RVA. Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Cyanotritylation of Aldehydes by Trityl Isocyanide. Org Lett 2016; 18:3562-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Răzvan C. Cioc
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Schuckman
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans D. Preschel
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tjøstil Vlaar
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Romano V. A. Orru
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Alagöz D, Tükel SS, Yildirim D. Enantioselective Synthesis of Various Cyanohydrins Using Covalently Immobilized Preparations of Hydroxynitrile Lyase from Prunus dulcis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:1348-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
28
|
Discovery and molecular and biocatalytic properties of hydroxynitrile lyase from an invasive millipede, Chamberlinius hualienensis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:10605-10. [PMID: 26261304 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1508311112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxynitrile lyase (HNL) catalyzes the degradation of cyanohydrins and causes the release of hydrogen cyanide (cyanogenesis). HNL can enantioselectively produce cyanohydrins, which are valuable building blocks for the synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals, and is used as an important biocatalyst in industrial biotechnology. Currently, HNLs are isolated from plants and bacteria. Because industrial biotechnology requires more efficient and stable enzymes for sustainable development, we must continuously explore other potential enzyme sources for the desired HNLs. Despite the abundance of cyanogenic millipedes in the world, there has been no precise study of the HNLs from these arthropods. Here we report the isolation of HNL from the cyanide-emitting invasive millipede Chamberlinius hualienensis, along with its molecular properties and application in biocatalysis. The purified enzyme displays a very high specific activity in the synthesis of mandelonitrile. It is a glycosylated homodimer protein and shows no apparent sequence identity or homology with proteins in the known databases. It shows biocatalytic activity for the condensation of various aromatic aldehydes with potassium cyanide to produce cyanohydrins and has high stability over a wide range of temperatures and pH values. It catalyzes the synthesis of (R)-mandelonitrile from benzaldehyde with a 99% enantiomeric excess, without using any organic solvents. Arthropod fauna comprise 80% of terrestrial animals. We propose that these animals can be valuable resources for exploring not only HNLs but also diverse, efficient, and stable biocatalysts in industrial biotechnology.
Collapse
|
29
|
Kawahara N, Asano Y. Mutagenesis of an Asn156 Residue in a Surface Region ofS-Selective Hydroxynitrile Lyase fromBaliospermum montanumEnhances Catalytic Efficiency and Enantioselectivity. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1891-1895. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
30
|
Kopka B, Diener M, Wirtz A, Pohl M, Jaeger KE, Krauss U. Purification and simultaneous immobilization of Arabidopsis thaliana hydroxynitrile lyase using a family 2 carbohydrate-binding module. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:811-9. [PMID: 25755120 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tedious, time- and labor-intensive protein purification and immobilization procedures still represent a major bottleneck limiting the widespread application of enzymes in synthetic chemistry and industry. We here exemplify a simple strategy for the direct site-specific immobilization of proteins from crude cell extracts by fusion of a family 2 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) derived from the exoglucanase/xylanase Cex from Cellulomonas fimi to a target enzyme. By employing a tripartite fusion protein consisting of the CBM, a flavin-based fluorescent protein (FbFP), and the Arabidopsis thaliana hydroxynitrile lyase (AtHNL), binding to cellulosic carrier materials can easily be monitored via FbFP fluorescence. Adsorption properties (kinetics and quantities) were studied for commercially available Avicel PH-101 and regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC) derived from Avicel. The resulting immobilizates showed similar activities as the wild-type enzyme but displayed increased stability in the weakly acidic pH range. Finally, Avicel, RAC and cellulose acetate (CA) preparations were used for the synthesis of (R)-mandelonitrile in micro-aqueous methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) demonstrating the applicability and stability of the immobilizates for biotransformations in both aqueous and organic reaction systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benita Kopka
- Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Delville MME, Koch K, van Hest JCM, Rutjes FPJT. Chemoenzymatic flow cascade for the synthesis of protected mandelonitrile derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1634-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02128b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Integrated two-step chemoenzymatic continuous flow process for the synthesis of protected cyanohydrins from aldehydes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaspar Koch
- FutureChemistry B.V
- 6525 EC Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhu W, Liu Y, Zhang R. A QM/MM study of the reaction mechanism of (R)-hydroxynitrile lyases from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtHNL). Proteins 2014; 83:66-77. [PMID: 25052541 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxynitrile lyases (HNLs) catalyze the conversion of chiral cyanohydrins to hydrocyanic acid (HCN) and aldehyde or ketone. Hydroxynitrile lyase from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtHNL) is the first R-selective HNL enzyme containing an α/β-hydrolases fold. In this article, the catalytic mechanism of AtHNL was theoretically studied by using QM/MM approach based on the recently obtained crystal structure in 2012. Two computational models were constructed, and two possible reaction pathways were considered. In Path A, the calculation results indicate that the proton transfer from the hydroxyl group of cyanohydrin occurs firstly, and then the cleavage of C1-C2 bond and the rotation of the generated cyanide ion (CN(-)) follow, afterwards, CN(-) abstracts a proton from His236 via Ser81. The C1-C2 bond cleavage and the protonation of CN(-) correspond to comparable free energy barriers (12.1 vs. 12.2 kcal mol(-1)), suggesting that both of the two processes contribute a lot to rate-limiting. In Path B, the deprotonation of the hydroxyl group of cyanohydrin and the cleavage of C1-C2 bond take place in a concerted manner, which corresponds to the highest free energy barrier of 13.2 kcal mol(-1). The free energy barriers of Path A and B are very similar and basically agree well with the experimental value of HbHNL, a similar enzyme of AtHNL. Therefore, both of the two pathways are possible. In the reaction, the catalytic triad (His236, Ser81, and Asp208) acts as the general acid/base, and the generated CN(-) is stabilized by the hydroxyl group of Ser81 and the main-chain NH-groups of Ala13 and Phe82.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyou Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wiedner R, Gruber-Khadjawi M, Schwab H, Steiner K. Discovery of a novel (R)-selective bacterial hydroxynitrile lyase from Acidobacterium capsulatum. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2014; 10:58-62. [PMID: 25210600 PMCID: PMC4151996 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxynitrile lyases (HNLs) are powerful carbon–carbon bond forming enzymes. The reverse of their natural reaction – the stereoselective addition of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) to carbonyls – yields chiral cyanohydrins, versatile building blocks for the pharmaceutical and chemical industry. Recently, bacterial HNLs have been discovered, which represent a completely new type: HNLs with a cupin fold. Due to various benefits of cupins (e.g. high yield recombinant expression in Escherichia coli), the class of cupin HNLs provides a new source for interesting, powerful hydroxynitrile lyases in the ongoing search for HNLs with improved activity, enantioselectivity, stability and substrate scope. In this study, database mining revealed a novel cupin HNL from Acidobacterium capsulatum ATCC 51196 (AcHNL), which was able to catalyse the (R)-selective synthesis of mandelonitrile with significantly better conversion (97%) and enantioselectivity (96.7%) than other cupin HNLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romana Wiedner
- ACIB GmbH, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, c/o TU Graz, Petersgasse 14/4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Mandana Gruber-Khadjawi
- ACIB GmbH, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, c/o TU Graz, Petersgasse 14/4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Helmut Schwab
- ACIB GmbH, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, c/o TU Graz, Petersgasse 14/4, 8010 Graz, Austria ; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, TU Graz, Petersgasse 14/5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kerstin Steiner
- ACIB GmbH, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, c/o TU Graz, Petersgasse 14/4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
von Langermann J, Wapenhensch S. Hydroxynitrile Lyase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Enantiopure Cyanohydrins in Biocatalytic Active Static Emulsions (BASE) with Suppression of the Non-Enzymatic Side Reaction. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201301149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
35
|
Alagöz D, Tükel SS, Yildirim D. Purification, immobilization and characterization of (R)-hydroxynitrile lyase from Prunus amygdalus turcomanica seeds and their applicability for synthesis of enantiopure cyanohydrins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
36
|
Diebler J, von Langermann J, Mell A, Hein M, Langer P, Kragl U. Synthesis of Aliphatic and α-Halogenated Ketone Cyanohydrins with the Hydroxynitrile Lyase from Manihot esculenta. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
37
|
Torrelo G, van Midden N, Stloukal R, Hanefeld U. Immobilized Hydroxynitrile Lyase: A Comparative Study of Recyclability. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
38
|
Zhao Y, Chen N, Mo Y, Cao Z. A full picture of enzymatic catalysis by hydroxynitrile lyases from Hevea brasiliensis: protonation dependent reaction steps and residue-gated movement of the substrate and the product. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:26864-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04032e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxynitrile lyases (HNLs) defend plants from herbivores and microbial attack by releasing cyanide from hydroxynitriles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Nanhao Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Michigan University
- Kalamazoo, USA
| | - Zexing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|