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Nie C, Xie F, Ma N, Bai Y, Zhang W, Ma X. Nutrients Mediate Bioavailability and Turnover of Proteins in Mammals. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:661-665. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190125111235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As a major component of biologically active compounds in the body, proteins contribute to the synthesis of body tissues for the renewal and growth of the body. The high level of dietary protein and the imbalance of amino acid (AA) composition in mammals result in metabolic disorders, inefficient utilization of protein resources and increased nitrogen excretion. Fortunately, nutritional interventions can be an effective way of attenuating the nitrogen excretion and increasing protein utilization, which include, but are not limited to, formulating the AA balance and protein-restricted diet supplementing with essential AAs, and adding probiotics in the diet. This review highlights recent advances in the turnover of dietary proteins and mammal’s metabolism for health, in order to improve protein bioavailability through nutritional approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunxi Nie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Fei Xie
- State key Lab of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueyu Bai
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Wenju Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xi Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Nebot E, Aparicio VA, Coll-Risco I, Camiletti-Moirón D, Schneider J, Kapravelou G, Heimel P, Martínez R, Andrade A, Slezak P, Redl H, Porres JM, López-Jurado M, Pietschmann P, Aranda P. Effects of a moderately high-protein diet and interval aerobic training combined with strength-endurance exercise on markers of bone metabolism, microarchitecture and turnover in obese Zucker rats. Bone 2016; 92:116-123. [PMID: 27554427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight loss is a public health concern in obesity-related diseases such as metabolic syndrome, and the protein level of the diets seem to be crucial for the development and maintenance of bone. The nature of exercise and whether exercise in combination with moderately high-protein dietary interventions could protect against potential bone mass deficits remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of a moderately high-protein diet and interval aerobic training combined with strength-endurance exercise (IASE) protocol on bone status, and to assess potential interaction effects (i.e. diet*IASE). METHODS Male Zucker fatty rats were randomized distributed into 4 groups (n=8): normoprotein+sedentary; normoprotein+exercise; moderately high-protein+sedentary, and moderately high-protein+exercise. Training groups conducted an IASE program, 5days/week for 2months. Markers of bone metabolism were measured in plasma. Parameters of bone mass and 3D outcomes for trabecular and cortical bone microarchitecture were assessed by micro-computed tomography. RESULTS Femur length, plasma osteocalcin, sclerostin, osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, insulin, leptin, PTH, uric acid and urinary phosphorus levels were lower in the moderately high-protein compared to the normoprotein groups (all, p<0.05), whereas plasma alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, and urinary uric acid concentrations, and cortical total volume (TV) and bone volume (BV) were higher in the moderately high-protein (all, p<0.01). Final body weight and alkaline phosphatase levels were lower in the exercise compared to the sedentary (both, p<0.05), whereas femur length and weight, aminoterminal propeptides of type I procollagen and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen concentrations, and cortical TV and BV were higher in the exercise compared to the sedentary groups (all, p<0.05). CONCLUSION The combination of interventions may be effective to enhance trabecular bone microarchitecture and BMD, and has a partial impact on cortical bone in obese rats. Nevertheless, they do not induce any alteration on the bone turnover markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nebot
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - Virginia A Aparicio
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO(+) Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Coll-Risco
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Camiletti-Moirón
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Spain
| | - Johannes Schneider
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Garyfallia Kapravelou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Patrick Heimel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria; Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rosario Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Andrade
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Paul Slezak
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jesús M Porres
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - María López-Jurado
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Peter Pietschmann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Pilar Aranda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain
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Wang Y, Dellatore P, Douard V, Qin L, Watford M, Ferraris RP, Lin T, Shapses SA. High fat diet enriched with saturated, but not monounsaturated fatty acids adversely affects femur, and both diets increase calcium absorption in older female mice. Nutr Res 2016; 36:742-50. [PMID: 27262536 PMCID: PMC4919156 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diet induced obesity has been shown to reduce bone mineral density (BMD) and Ca absorption. However, previous experiments have not examined the effect of high fat diet (HFD) in the absence of obesity or addressed the type of dietary fatty acids. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effects of different types of high fat feeding, without obesity, on fractional calcium absorption (FCA) and bone health. It was hypothesized that dietary fat would increase FCA and reduce BMD. Mature 8-month-old female C57BL/6J mice were fed one of three diets: a HFD (45% fat) enriched either with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or with saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and a normal fat diet (NFD; 10% fat). Food consumption was controlled to achieve a similar body weight gain in all groups. After 8wk, total body bone mineral content and BMD as well as femur total and cortical volumetric BMD were lower in SFA compared with NFD groups (P<.05). In contrast, femoral trabecular bone was not affected by the SFAs, whereas MUFAs increased trabecular volume fraction and thickness. The rise over time in FCA was greater in mice fed HFD than NFD and final FCA was higher with HFD (P<.05). Intestinal calbindin-D9k gene and hepatic cytochrome P450 2r1 protein levels were higher with the MUFA than the NFD diet (P<.05). In conclusion, HFDs elevated FCA overtime; however, an adverse effect of HFD on bone was only observed in the SFA group, while MUFAs show neutral or beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Peter Dellatore
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Veronique Douard
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Malcolm Watford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ronaldo P Ferraris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
| | - Tiao Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No,58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Sue A Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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