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Gáspár R, Diószegi P, Nógrádi-Halmi D, Erdélyi-Furka B, Varga Z, Kahán Z, Csont T. The Proteoglycans Biglycan and Decorin Protect Cardiac Cells against Irradiation-Induced Cell Death by Inhibiting Apoptosis. Cells 2024; 13:883. [PMID: 38786104 PMCID: PMC11119486 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD), a common side effect of chest irradiation, is a primary cause of mortality among patients surviving thoracic cancer. Thus, the development of novel, clinically applicable cardioprotective agents which can alleviate the harmful effects of irradiation on the heart is of great importance in the field of experimental oncocardiology. Biglycan and decorin are structurally related small leucine-rich proteoglycans which have been reported to exert cardioprotective properties in certain cardiovascular pathologies. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to examine if biglycan or decorin can reduce radiation-induced damage of cardiomyocytes. A single dose of 10 Gray irradiation was applied to induce radiation-induced cell damage in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, followed by treatment with either biglycan or decorin at various concentrations. Measurement of cell viability revealed that both proteoglycans improved the survival of cardiac cells post-irradiation. The cardiocytoprotective effect of both biglycan and decorin involved the alleviation of radiation-induced proapoptotic mechanisms by retaining the progression of apoptotic membrane blebbing and lowering the number of apoptotic cell nuclei and DNA double-strand breaks. Our findings provide evidence that these natural proteoglycans may exert protection against radiation-induced damage of cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Gáspár
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.G.); (P.D.); (D.N.-H.); (B.E.-F.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Diószegi
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.G.); (P.D.); (D.N.-H.); (B.E.-F.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Nógrádi-Halmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.G.); (P.D.); (D.N.-H.); (B.E.-F.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Barbara Erdélyi-Furka
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.G.); (P.D.); (D.N.-H.); (B.E.-F.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.V.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Kahán
- Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.V.); (Z.K.)
| | - Tamás Csont
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.G.); (P.D.); (D.N.-H.); (B.E.-F.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Li Y, Yu H, Han X, Pan Y. Analyses of hypoxia-related risk factors and clinical relevance in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1350426. [PMID: 38500661 PMCID: PMC10946248 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1350426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypoxia plays an important role in the heterogeneity, relapse, metastasis, and drug resistance of breast cancer. In this study, we explored the hypoxia-related biological signatures in different subtypes of breast cancer and identified the key prognostic factors by bioinformatics methods. Methods Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Breast Cancer datasets, we divided the samples into immune-activated/suppressed populations by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and then used hierarchical clustering to further identify hypoxic/non-hypoxic populations from the immune-suppressed samples. A hypoxia related risk model of breast cancer was constructed. Results Nuclear factor interleukin-3 regulated (NFIL3), serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1), FOS, biglycan (BGN), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and sushi-repeat-containing protein, X-linked (SRPX) were identified as key hypoxia-related genes. Margin status, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, hypoxia status, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status, NFIL3, SERPINE1, EGFR, and risk score were identified as independent prognostic indicators for breast cancer patients. The 3- and 5-year survival curves of the model and immunohistochemical staining on the breast cancer microarray verified the statistical significance and feasibility of our model. Among the different molecular types of breast cancer, ER/PR+ and HER2+ patients might have higher hypoxia-related risk scores. ER/PR-negative samples demonstrated more activated immune-related pathways and better response to most anticancer agents. Discussion Our study revealed a novel risk model and potential feasible prognostic factors for breast cancer and might provide new perspectives for individual breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xinghua Han
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yueyin Pan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Sunderland A, Williams J, Andreou T, Rippaus N, Fife C, James F, Kartika YD, Speirs V, Carr I, Droop A, Lorger M. Biglycan and reduced glycolysis are associated with breast cancer cell dormancy in the brain. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1191980. [PMID: 37456245 PMCID: PMC10339804 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1191980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exit of quiescent disseminated cancer cells from dormancy is thought to be responsible for metastatic relapse and a better understanding of dormancy could pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches. We used an in vivo model of triple negative breast cancer brain metastasis to identify differences in transcriptional profiles between dormant and proliferating cancer cells in the brain. BGN gene, encoding a small proteoglycan biglycan, was strongly upregulated in dormant cancer cells in vivo. BGN expression was significantly downregulated in patient brain metastases as compared to the matched primary breast tumors and BGN overexpression in cancer cells inhibited their growth in vitro and in vivo. Dormant cancer cells were further characterized by a reduced expression of glycolysis genes in vivo, and inhibition of glycolysis in vitro resulted in a reversible growth arrest reminiscent of dormancy. Our study identified mechanisms that could be targeted to induce/maintain cancer dormancy and thereby prevent metastatic relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tereza Andreou
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nora Rippaus
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fiona James
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Valerie Speirs
- School of Medicine, Medical Science and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Carr
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Droop
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Mihaela Lorger
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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4
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Kizhakkeppurath Kumaran A, Sahu A, Singh A, Aynikkattil Ravindran N, Sekhar Chatterjee N, Mathew S, Verma S. Proteoglycans in breast cancer, identification and characterization by LC-MS/MS assisted proteomics approach: A review. Proteomics Clin Appl 2023:e2200046. [PMID: 36598116 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202200046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proteoglycans (PGs) are negatively charged macromolecules containing a core protein and single or several glycosaminoglycan chains attached by covalent bond. They are distributed in all tissues, including extracellular matrix (ECM), cell surface, and basement membrane. They are involved in major pathways and cell signalling cascades which modulate several vital physiological functions of the body. They have also emerged as a target molecule for cancer treatment and as possible biomarkers for early cancer detection. Among cancers, breast cancer is a highly invasive and heterogenous type and has become the major cause of mortality especially among women. So, this review revisits the studies on PGs characterization in breast cancer using LC-MS/MS-based proteomics approach, which will be further helpful for identification of potential PGs-based biomarkers or therapeutic targets. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN There is a lack of comprehensive knowledge on the use of LC-MS/MS-based proteomics approaches to identify and characterize PGs in breast cancer. RESULTS LC-MS/MS assisted PGs characterization in breast cancer revealed the vital PGs in breast cancer invasion and progression. In addition, comprehensive profiling and characterization of PGs in breast cancer are efficiently carried out by this approach. CONCLUSIONS Proteomics techniques including LC-MS/MS-based identification of proteoglycans is effectively carried out in breast cancer research. Identification of expression at different stages of breast cancer is a major challenge, and LC-MS/MS-based profiling of PGs can boost novel strategies to treat breast cancer, which involve targeting PGs, and also aid early diagnosis using PGs as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankita Sahu
- Tumor Biology Lab, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Astha Singh
- Tumor Biology Lab, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nisha Aynikkattil Ravindran
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thrissur, India
| | | | - Suseela Mathew
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Saurabh Verma
- Tumor Biology Lab, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
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5
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Thiesen AP, Mielczarski B, Savaris RF. Deep learning neural network image analysis of immunohistochemical protein expression reveals a significantly reduced expression of biglycan in breast cancer. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282176. [PMID: 36972253 PMCID: PMC10042358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
New breast cancer biomarkers have been sought for better tumor characterization and treatment. Among these putative markers, there is Biglycan (BGN). BGN is a class I small leucine-rich proteoglycan family of proteins characterized by a protein core with leucine-rich repeats. The objective of this study is to compare the protein expression of BGN in breast tissue with and without cancer, using immunohistochemical technique associated with digital histological score (D-HScore) and supervised deep learning neural networks (SDLNN). In this case-control study, 24 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were obtained for analysis. Normal (n = 9) and cancerous (n = 15) tissue sections were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using BGN monoclonal antibody (M01-Abnova) and 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) as the chromogen. Photomicrographs of the slides were analysed with D-HScore, using arbitrary DAB units. Another set (n = 129) with higher magnification without ROI selection, was submitted to the inceptionV3 deep neural network image embedding recognition model. Next, supervised neural network analysis, using stratified 20 fold cross validation, with 200 hidden layers, ReLu activation, and regularization at α = 0.0001 were applied for SDLNN. The sample size was calculated for a minimum of 7 cases and 7 controls, having a power = 90%, an α error = 5%, and a standard deviation of 20, to identify a decrease from the average of 40 DAB units (control) to 4 DAB units in cancer. BGN expression in DAB units [median (range)] was 6.2 (0.8 to 12.4) and 27.31 (5.3 to 81.7) in cancer and normal breast tissue, respectively, using D-HScore (p = 0.0017, Mann-Whitney test). SDLNN classification accuracy was 85.3% (110 out of 129; 95%CI = 78.1% to 90.3%). BGN protein expression is reduced in breast cancer tissue, compared to normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Thiesen
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Postgraduate Program in Health Science: Surgical Sciences, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruna Mielczarski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Francalacci Savaris
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Postgraduate Program in Health Science: Surgical Sciences, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Gopinath P, Natarajan A, Sathyanarayanan A, Veluswami S, Gopisetty G. The multifaceted role of Matricellular Proteins in health and cancer, as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Gene 2022; 815:146137. [PMID: 35007686 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of a mesh of proteins, proteoglycans, growth factors, and other secretory components. It constitutes the tumor microenvironment along with the endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, adipocytes, and immune cells. The proteins of ECM can be functionally classified as adhesive proteins and matricellular proteins (MCP). In the tumor milieu, the ECM plays a major role in tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance. The current review encompasses thrombospondins, osteonectin, osteopontin, tenascin C, periostin, the CCN family, laminin, biglycan, decorin, mimecan, and galectins. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are also discussed as they are an integral part of the ECM with versatile functions in the tumor stroma. In this review, the role of these proteins in tumor initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis have been highlighted, with emphasis on their contribution to tumor therapeutic resistance. Further, their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets based on existing evidence are discussed. Owing to the recent advancements in protein targeting, the possibility of agents to modulate MCPs in cancer as therapeutic options are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarthana Gopinath
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute WIA, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aparna Natarajan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute WIA, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sridevi Veluswami
- Deaprtment of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopal Gopisetty
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute WIA, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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7
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Reye G, Huang X, Haupt LM, Murphy RJ, Northey JJ, Thompson EW, Momot KI, Hugo HJ. Mechanical Pressure Driving Proteoglycan Expression in Mammographic Density: a Self-perpetuating Cycle? J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2021; 26:277-296. [PMID: 34449016 PMCID: PMC8566410 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-021-09494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regions of high mammographic density (MD) in the breast are characterised by a proteoglycan (PG)-rich fibrous stroma, where PGs mediate aligned collagen fibrils to control tissue stiffness and hence the response to mechanical forces. Literature is accumulating to support the notion that mechanical stiffness may drive PG synthesis in the breast contributing to MD. We review emerging patterns in MD and other biological settings, of a positive feedback cycle of force promoting PG synthesis, such as in articular cartilage, due to increased pressure on weight bearing joints. Furthermore, we present evidence to suggest a pro-tumorigenic effect of increased mechanical force on epithelial cells in contexts where PG-mediated, aligned collagen fibrous tissue abounds, with implications for breast cancer development attributable to high MD. Finally, we summarise means through which this positive feedback mechanism of PG synthesis may be intercepted to reduce mechanical force within tissues and thus reduce disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Reye
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Gardens Point, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Xuan Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Gardens Point, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Ryan J Murphy
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Gardens Point, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason J Northey
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Erik W Thompson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Gardens Point, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Konstantin I Momot
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Honor J Hugo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Gardens Point, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
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8
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Caruso JA, Tlsty TD. Remaining true to one's identity. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:757-759. [PMID: 37117630 PMCID: PMC10835580 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The ability to remain true to cellular identity and function is lost during aging and carcinogenesis when DNA damage triggers inflammation that progressively erodes homeostatic cues. Shalabi et al. show that these losses are accelerated in patients with germline cancer mutations in DNA repair genes and are independent of chronological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Caruso
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Thea D Tlsty
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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9
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Clegg J, Koch MK, Thompson EW, Haupt LM, Kalita-de Croft P, Bray LJ. Three-Dimensional Models as a New Frontier for Studying the Role of Proteoglycans in the Normal and Malignant Breast Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:569454. [PMID: 33163489 PMCID: PMC7581852 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.569454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides cues to direct mammogenesis, tumourigenesis and metastatic processes. Over the past several decades, two-dimensional (2D) culture models have been invaluable in furthering our understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME), however, they still do not accurately emulate the associated biological complexities. In contrast, three-dimensional (3D) culture models provide a more physiologically relevant platform to study relevant physicochemical signals, stromal-epithelial cell interactions, vascular and immune components, and cell-ECM interactions in the human breast microenvironment. A common thread that may weave these multiple interactions are the proteoglycans (PGs), a prominent family of molecules in breast tissue. This review will discuss how these PGs contribute to the breast cancer TME and provide a summary of the traditional and emerging technologies that have been utilized to better understand the role of PGs during malignant transformation. Furthermore, this review will emphasize the differences that PGs exhibit between normal tissues and tumor ECM, providing a rationale for the investigation of underexplored roles of PGs in breast cancer progression using state-of-the-art 3D culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Clegg
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Maria K Koch
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Genomics and Personalized Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Priyakshi Kalita-de Croft
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura J Bray
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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10
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Proietti S, Cucina A, Pensotti A, Fuso A, Marchese C, Nicolini A, Bizzarri M. Tumor reversion and embryo morphogenetic factors. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 79:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Ruud KF, Hiscox WC, Yu I, Chen RK, Li W. Distinct phenotypes of cancer cells on tissue matrix gel. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:82. [PMID: 32736579 PMCID: PMC7395363 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer cells invading the connective tissues outside the mammary lobule or duct immerse in a reservoir of extracellular matrix (ECM) that is structurally and biochemically distinct from that of their site of origin. The ECM is a spatial network of matrix proteins, which not only provide physical support but also serve as bioactive ligands to the cells. It becomes evident that the dimensional, mechanical, structural, and biochemical properties of ECM are all essential mediators of many cellular functions. To better understand breast cancer development and cancer cell biology in native tissue environment, various tissue-mimicking culture models such as hydrogel have been developed. Collagen I (Col I) and Matrigel are the most common hydrogels used in cancer research and have opened opportunities for addressing biological questions beyond the two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Yet, it remains unclear whether these broadly used hydrogels can recapitulate the environmental properties of tissue ECM, and whether breast cancer cells grown on CoI I or Matrigel display similar phenotypes as they would on their native ECM. METHODS We investigated mammary epithelial cell phenotypes and metabolic profiles on animal breast ECM-derived tissue matrix gel (TMG), Col I, and Matrigel. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), fluorescence microscopy, acini formation assay, differentiation experiments, spatial migration/invasion assays, proliferation assay, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were used to examine biological phenotypes and metabolic changes. Student's t test was applied for statistical analyses. RESULTS Our data showed that under a similar physiological stiffness, the three types of hydrogels exhibited distinct microstructures. Breast cancer cells grown on TMG displayed quite different morphologies, surface receptor expression, differentiation status, migration and invasion, and metabolic profiles compared to those cultured on Col I and Matrigel. Depleting lactate produced by glycolytic metabolism of cancer cells abolished the cell proliferation promoted by the non-tissue-specific hydrogel. CONCLUSION The full ECM protein-based hydrogel system may serve as a biologically relevant model system to study tissue- and disease-specific pathological questions. This work provides insights into tissue matrix regulation of cancer cell biomarker expression and identification of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of human cancers based on tissue-specific disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey F Ruud
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - William C Hiscox
- Center for NMR Spectroscopy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Ilhan Yu
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Roland K Chen
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA.
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12
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Zhao SF, Yin XJ, Zhao WJ, Liu LC, Wang ZP. Biglycan as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in multiple human cancers. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:1673-1682. [PMID: 32194659 PMCID: PMC7039163 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biglycan (BGN), a key member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family, is an important component of the extracellular matrix. Clinical studies have demonstrated that upregulation of BGN is associated with poor prognosis in patients with various types of solid cancer. The present study analyzed the mRNA expression levels of BGN in various types of solid cancer when compared with that in normal tissues via the Oncomine database. The UALCAN, OncoLnc and Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases were additionally used to evaluate the prognostic values of BGN in patients with solid cancer and co-expression gene analysis was conducted using the protein-protein interaction networks of BGN. The present study observed that the mRNA expression levels of BGN were increased in bladder, brain and central nervous system, breast, colorectal, esophageal, gastric, head and neck, lung, ovarian and 28 subtypes of cancer compared with normal tissues. The increased expression of BGN was identified to be associated with a poor outcome in ovarian and gastric cancer. Based on the co-expression network, BGN was identified as the key gene in a 43-gene network. The present findings of increased expression of BGN in solid tumors and its positive association with poor outcome on patient survival indicate that BGN may serve as a prognostic marker and as a target for novel therapeutics for multiple types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Feng Zhao
- Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Jing Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Mental Health Centre, Qingdao, Shandong 266235, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Ju Zhao
- Operating Room, Qingdao Jinhua Gynecology Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266235, P.R. China
| | - Le-Cui Liu
- Neonatal Department, Wulian County People's Hospital, Wulian, Shandong 262300, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
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13
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Abstract
Could reprogramming the pretumor microenvironment transform cancer care?
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea D Tlsty
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Philippe Gascard
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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14
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Proietti S, Cucina A, Pensotti A, Biava PM, Minini M, Monti N, Catizone A, Ricci G, Leonetti E, Harrath AH, Alwasel SH, Bizzarri M. Active Fraction from Embryo Fish Extracts Induces Reversion of the Malignant Invasive Phenotype in Breast Cancer through Down-regulation of TCTP and Modulation of E-cadherin/β-catenin Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2151. [PMID: 31052313 PMCID: PMC6539734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Some yet unidentified factors released by both oocyte and embryonic microenvironments demonstrated to be non-permissive for tumor development and display the remarkable ability to foster cell/tissue reprogramming, thus ultimately reversing the malignant phenotype. In the present study we observed how molecular factors extracted from Zebrafish embryos during specific developmental phases (20 somites) significantly antagonize proliferation of breast cancer cells, while reversing a number of prominent aspects of malignancy. Embryo extracts reduce cell proliferation, enhance apoptosis, and dramatically inhibit both invasiveness and migrating capabilities of cancer cells. Counteracting the invasive phenotype is a relevant issue in controlling tumor spreading and metastasis. Moreover, such effect is not limited to cancerous cells as embryo extracts were also effective in inhibiting migration and invasiveness displayed by normal breast cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition upon TGF-β1 stimulation. The reversion program involves the modulation of E-cadherin/β-catenin pathway, cytoskeleton remodeling with dramatic reduction in vinculin, as well as downregulation of TCTP and the concomitant increase in p53 levels. Our findings highlight that-contrary to the prevailing current "dogma", which posits that neoplastic cells are irreversibly "committed"-the malignant phenotype can ultimately be "reversed", at least partially, in response to environmental morphogenetic influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Proietti
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Cucina
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Pier Mario Biava
- Scientific Institute of Research and Health Care (IRCCS) Multimedica, 20099 Milano, Italy.
| | - Mirko Minini
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Systems Biology Group Lab, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Noemi Monti
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Angela Catizone
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic-Medicine and Orthopedics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Ricci
- Department. of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Erica Leonetti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic-Medicine and Orthopedics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic-Medicine and Orthopedics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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15
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Ferraro DA, Patella F, Zanivan S, Donato C, Aceto N, Giannotta M, Dejana E, Diepenbruck M, Christofori G, Buess M. Endothelial cell-derived nidogen-1 inhibits migration of SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:312. [PMID: 30947697 PMCID: PMC6449935 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumour microenvironment is a critical regulator of malignant cancer progression. While endothelial cells have been widely studied in the context of tumour angiogenesis, their role as modulators of cancer cell invasion and migration is poorly understood. METHODS We have investigated the influence of endothelial cells on the invasive and migratory behaviour of human cancer cells in vitro. RESULTS Upon exposure to culture supernatants of endothelial cells, distinct cancer cells, such as SK-BR-3 cells, showed significantly increased invasion and cell migration concomitant with changes in cell morphology and gene expression reminiscent of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Interestingly, the pro-migratory effect on SK-BR-3 cells was significantly enhanced by supernatants obtained from subconfluent, proliferative endothelial cells rather than from confluent, quiescent endothelial cells. Systematically comparing the supernatants of subconfluent and confluent endothelial cells by quantitative MS proteomics revealed eight candidate proteins that were secreted at significantly higher levels by confluent endothelial cells representing potential inhibitors of cancer cell migration. Among these proteins, nidogen-1 was exclusively expressed in confluent endothelial cells and was found to be necessary and sufficient for the inhibition of SK-BR-3 cell migration. Indeed, SK-BR-3 cells exposed to nidogen-1-depleted endothelial supernatants showed increased promigratory STAT3 phosphorylation along with increased cell migration. This reflects the situation of enhanced SK-BR-3 migration upon stimulation with conditioned medium from subconfluent endothelial cells with inherent absence of nidogen-1 expression. CONCLUSION The identification of nidogen-1 as an endothelial-derived inhibitor of migration of distinct cancer cell types reveals a novel mechanism of endothelial control over cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A. Ferraro
- Tumor Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Patella
- Tumour Microenvironment and Proteomics, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G611BD UK
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Tumour Microenvironment and Proteomics, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G611BD UK
| | - Cinzia Donato
- Cancer Metastasis, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Cancer Metastasis, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monica Giannotta
- Vascular Biology Unit, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- Vascular Biology Unit, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Maren Diepenbruck
- Tumor Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Christofori
- Tumor Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Buess
- Department of Oncology, St. Claraspital, Kleinriehenstrasse 30, 4016 Basel, Switzerland
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16
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Subbarayan K, Seliger B. Tumor-dependent Effects of Proteoglycans and Various Glycosaminoglycan Synthesizing Enzymes and Sulfotransferases on Patients’ Outcome. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2019; 19:210-221. [DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666180706165845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: The small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) biglycan (BGN) and decorin (DCN) linked with sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains exhibit oncogenic or tumor suppressive potentials depending on the cellular context and association with GAGs. </P><P> Objective: We hypothesized that structural alterations and expression levels of BGN, DCN and their associated chondroitin sulfate (CS) polymerizing enzymes, dermatan sulfate (DS) epimerases and various sulfatases might be correlated with the tumor (sub)type and patients’ survival. </P><P> Methods: We acquired breast cancer (BC) and glioma patients’ datasets from cBioPortal and R2 Genomics. Structural alterations and the expression pattern of CS polymerizing enzymes, DS epimerases and carbohydrate sulfotransferases (CHST) were compared to that of BGN and DCN and correlated to their clinical relevance. </P><P> Results: In BC, no mutations, but amplifications (0.2 – 2.1 %) and deletions (0.05 – 0.4 %) were found in BGN, DCN and CS/DS enzymes. In contrast, missense and/or truncated mutations (0.1 – 0.5 %), but a reduced amplification rate (0 – 1.5 %) were found in glioma. When compared to BC, the structural abnormalities caused altered mRNA expression levels of BGN, DCN, GAG synthesizing enzymes and CHST. Mutations in SLPRs, CHSY1, CHST4 and CHSY3 were correlated with a poor prognosis in glioma, while lack of mutations and copy number variations in the SLRPs, CHSY3, CHST15 and DSE displayed an increased survival in BC. </P><P> Conclusion: A distinct association of BGN and DCN with CHST, CS polymerizing enzymes and DS epimerases was found in BC and glioma. Thus, a unique pattern of structural alterations and expression, which has clinical relevance, was found for PGs and GAG synthesizing enzymes and CHST in BC and glioma, which might help to identify high-risk patients and to develop personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Subbarayan
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle/ Saale, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle/ Saale, Germany
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17
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Pudełko A, Wisowski G, Olczyk K, Koźma EM. The dual role of the glycosaminoglycan chondroitin-6-sulfate in the development, progression and metastasis of cancer. FEBS J 2019; 286:1815-1837. [PMID: 30637950 PMCID: PMC6850286 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable structural heterogeneity of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) generates biological information that can be unique to each of these glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and changes in their composition are translated into alterations in the binding profiles of these molecules. CS/DS can bind to various cytokines and growth factors, cell surface receptors, adhesion molecules, enzymes and fibrillar glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix, thereby influencing both cell behavior and the biomechanical and biochemical properties of the matrix. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning CS/DS metabolism in the human cancer stroma. The remodeling of the GAG profile in the tumor niche is manifested as a substantial increase in the CS content and a gradual decrease in the proportion between DS and CS. Furthermore, the composition of CS and DS is also affected, which results in a substantial increase in the 6‐O‐sulfated and/or unsulfated disaccharide content, which is concomitant with a decrease in the 4‐O‐sulfation level. Here, we discuss the possible impact of alterations in the CS/DS sulfation pattern on the binding capacity and specificity of these GAGs. Moreover, we propose potential consequences of the stromal accumulation of chondroitin‐6‐sulfate for the progression and metastasis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pudełko
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wisowski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Krystyna Olczyk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Maria Koźma
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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18
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Xu L, Tang L, Zhang L. Proteoglycans as miscommunication biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 162:59-92. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Yamada Y, Chowdhury A, Schneider JP, Stetler-Stevenson WG. Macromolecule-Network Electrostatics Controlling Delivery of the Biotherapeutic Cell Modulator TIMP-2. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:1285-1293. [PMID: 29505725 PMCID: PMC6329387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) is an endogenous 22 kDa proteinase inhibitor, demonstrating antitumorigenic, antimetastatic and antiangiogenic activities in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant TIMP-2 is currently undergoing preclinical testing in multiple, murine tumor models. Here we report the development of an inert, injectable peptide hydrogel matrix enabling encapsulation and sustained release of TIMP-2. We studied the TIMP-2 release profile from four β-hairpin peptide gels of varying net electrostatic charge. A negatively charged peptide gel (designated AcVES3) enabling encapsulation of 4 mg/mL of TIMP-2, without effects on rheological properties, facilitated the slow sustained release (0.9%/d) of TIMP-2 over 28 d. Released TIMP-2 is structurally intact and maintains the ability to inhibit MMP activity, as well as suppress lung cancer cell proliferation in vitro. These findings suggest that the AcVES3 hydrogel will be useful as an injectable vehicle for systemic delivery of TIMP-2 in vivo for ongoing preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Yamada
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21701, United States
| | - Ananda Chowdhury
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Joel P. Schneider
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21701, United States
| | - William G. Stetler-Stevenson
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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20
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Garland J. Unravelling the complexity of signalling networks in cancer: A review of the increasing role for computational modelling. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 117:73-113. [PMID: 28807238 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer induction is a highly complex process involving hundreds of different inducers but whose eventual outcome is the same. Clearly, it is essential to understand how signalling pathways and networks generated by these inducers interact to regulate cell behaviour and create the cancer phenotype. While enormous strides have been made in identifying key networking profiles, the amount of data generated far exceeds our ability to understand how it all "fits together". The number of potential interactions is astronomically large and requires novel approaches and extreme computation methods to dissect them out. However, such methodologies have high intrinsic mathematical and conceptual content which is difficult to follow. This review explains how computation modelling is progressively finding solutions and also revealing unexpected and unpredictable nano-scale molecular behaviours extremely relevant to how signalling and networking are coherently integrated. It is divided into linked sections illustrated by numerous figures from the literature describing different approaches and offering visual portrayals of networking and major conceptual advances in the field. First, the problem of signalling complexity and data collection is illustrated for only a small selection of known oncogenes. Next, new concepts from biophysics, molecular behaviours, kinetics, organisation at the nano level and predictive models are presented. These areas include: visual representations of networking, Energy Landscapes and energy transfer/dissemination (entropy); diffusion, percolation; molecular crowding; protein allostery; quinary structure and fractal distributions; energy management, metabolism and re-examination of the Warburg effect. The importance of unravelling complex network interactions is then illustrated for some widely-used drugs in cancer therapy whose interactions are very extensive. Finally, use of computational modelling to develop micro- and nano- functional models ("bottom-up" research) is highlighted. The review concludes that computational modelling is an essential part of cancer research and is vital to understanding network formation and molecular behaviours that are associated with it. Its role is increasingly essential because it is unravelling the huge complexity of cancer induction otherwise unattainable by any other approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Garland
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, Manchester University, Manchester, UK.
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21
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Evolution from genetics to phenotype: reinterpretation of NSCLC plasticity, heterogeneity, and drug resistance. Protein Cell 2016; 8:178-190. [PMID: 27757846 PMCID: PMC5326619 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Targeted therapy is beneficial in most cases, but the development of drug resistance stands as an obstacle to good prognosis. Multiple mechanisms were explored such as genetic alterations, activation of bypass signaling, and phenotypic transition. These intrinsic and/or extrinsic dynamic regulations facilitate tumor cell survival in meeting the demands of signaling under different stimulus. This review introduces lung cancer plasticity and heterogeneity and their correlation with drug resistance. While cancer plasticity and heterogeneity play an essential role in the development of drug resistance, the manipulation of them may bring some inspirations to cancer prognosis and treatment. That is to say, lung cancer plasticity and heterogeneity present us with not only challenges but also opportunities.
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22
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Trotter TN, Yang Y. Matricellular proteins as regulators of cancer metastasis to bone. Matrix Biol 2016; 52-54:301-314. [PMID: 26807761 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of death in cancer patients, and a frequent site of metastasis for many cancers is the bone marrow. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying the metastatic process is necessary for future prevention and treatment. The tumor microenvironment is now known to play a role in the metastatic cascade, both at the primary tumor and in metastatic sites, and includes both cellular and non-cellular components. The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support and signaling cues to cells. One particular group of molecules associated with the ECM, known as matricellular proteins, modulate multiple aspects of tumor biology, including growth, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. These proteins are also important for normal function in the bone by regulating bone formation and bone resorption. Recent studies have described a link between some of these proteins and metastasis of various tumors to the bone. The aim of this review is to summarize what is currently known about matricellular protein influence on bone metastasis. Particular attention to the contribution of both tumor cells and non-malignant cells in the bone has been given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N Trotter
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Center for Metabolic Bone Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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23
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Brock A, Krause S, Ingber DE. Control of cancer formation by intrinsic genetic noise and microenvironmental cues. Nat Rev Cancer 2015; 15:499-509. [PMID: 26156637 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation therapies that induce malignant cells to stop growing and revert to normal tissue-specific differentiated cell types are successful in the treatment of a few specific haematological tumours. However, this approach has not been widely applied to solid tumours because their developmental origins are less well understood. Recent advances suggest that understanding tumour cell plasticity and how intrinsic factors (such as genetic noise and microenvironmental signals, including physical cues from the extracellular matrix) govern cell state switches will help in the development of clinically relevant differentiation therapies for solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Brock
- 1] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA. [2]
| | - Silva Krause
- 1] Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [2]
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLSB 5, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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24
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Benam KH, Dauth S, Hassell B, Herland A, Jain A, Jang KJ, Karalis K, Kim HJ, MacQueen L, Mahmoodian R, Musah S, Torisawa YS, van der Meer AD, Villenave R, Yadid M, Parker KK, Ingber DE. Engineered in vitro disease models. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2015; 10:195-262. [PMID: 25621660 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012414-040418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of most biomedical research is to gain greater insight into mechanisms of human disease or to develop new and improved therapies or diagnostics. Although great advances have been made in terms of developing disease models in animals, such as transgenic mice, many of these models fail to faithfully recapitulate the human condition. In addition, it is difficult to identify critical cellular and molecular contributors to disease or to vary them independently in whole-animal models. This challenge has attracted the interest of engineers, who have begun to collaborate with biologists to leverage recent advances in tissue engineering and microfabrication to develop novel in vitro models of disease. As these models are synthetic systems, specific molecular factors and individual cell types, including parenchymal cells, vascular cells, and immune cells, can be varied independently while simultaneously measuring system-level responses in real time. In this article, we provide some examples of these efforts, including engineered models of diseases of the heart, lung, intestine, liver, kidney, cartilage, skin and vascular, endocrine, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems, as well as models of infectious diseases and cancer. We also describe how engineered in vitro models can be combined with human inducible pluripotent stem cells to enable new insights into a broad variety of disease mechanisms, as well as provide a test bed for screening new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kambez H Benam
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
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25
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Sjöström M, Ossola R, Breslin T, Rinner O, Malmström L, Schmidt A, Aebersold R, Malmström J, Niméus E. A Combined Shotgun and Targeted Mass Spectrometry Strategy for Breast Cancer Biomarker Discovery. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2807-18. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Department
of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Emma Niméus
- Division
of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
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26
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Theocharis AD, Skandalis SS, Neill T, Multhaupt HAB, Hubo M, Frey H, Gopal S, Gomes A, Afratis N, Lim HC, Couchman JR, Filmus J, Sanderson RD, Schaefer L, Iozzo RV, Karamanos NK. Insights into the key roles of proteoglycans in breast cancer biology and translational medicine. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1855:276-300. [PMID: 25829250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans control numerous normal and pathological processes, among which are morphogenesis, tissue repair, inflammation, vascularization and cancer metastasis. During tumor development and growth, proteoglycan expression is markedly modified in the tumor microenvironment. Altered expression of proteoglycans on tumor and stromal cell membranes affects cancer cell signaling, growth and survival, cell adhesion, migration and angiogenesis. Despite the high complexity and heterogeneity of breast cancer, the rapid evolution in our knowledge that proteoglycans are among the key players in the breast tumor microenvironment suggests their potential as pharmacological targets in this type of cancer. It has been recently suggested that pharmacological treatment may target proteoglycan metabolism, their utilization as targets for immunotherapy or their direct use as therapeutic agents. The diversity inherent in the proteoglycans that will be presented herein provides the potential for multiple layers of regulation of breast tumor behavior. This review summarizes recent developments concerning the biology of selected proteoglycans in breast cancer, and presents potential targeted therapeutic approaches based on their novel key roles in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Hinke A B Multhaupt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mario Hubo
- University of Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Helena Frey
- University of Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Sandeep Gopal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Angélica Gomes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikos Afratis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hooi Ching Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John R Couchman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorge Filmus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Ralph D Sanderson
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology, UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1720 2nd Ave. S, WTI 602B, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- University of Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
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Kanapathipillai M, Brock A, Ingber DE. Nanoparticle targeting of anti-cancer drugs that alter intracellular signaling or influence the tumor microenvironment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 79-80:107-18. [PMID: 24819216 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based therapeutics are poised to become a leading delivery strategy for cancer treatment because they potentially offer higher selectivity, reduced toxicity, longer clearance times, and increased efficacy compared to conventional systemic therapeutic approaches. This article reviews existing nanoparticle technologies and methods that are used to target drugs to treat cancer by altering signal transduction or modulating the tumor microenvironment. We also consider the implications of recent advances in the nanotherapeutics field for the future of cancer therapy.
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Schuessler TK, Chan XY, Chen HJ, Ji K, Park KM, Roshan-Ghias A, Sethi P, Thakur A, Tian X, Villasante A, Zervantonakis IK, Moore NM, Nagahara LA, Kuhn NZ. Biomimetic tissue-engineered systems for advancing cancer research: NCI Strategic Workshop report. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5359-63. [PMID: 25095784 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advanced technologies and biomaterials developed for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine present tractable biomimetic systems with potential applications for cancer research. Recently, the National Cancer Institute convened a Strategic Workshop to explore the use of tissue biomanufacturing for development of dynamic, physiologically relevant in vitro and ex vivo biomimetic systems to study cancer biology and drug efficacy. The workshop provided a forum to identify current progress, research gaps, and necessary steps to advance the field. Opportunities discussed included development of tumor biomimetic systems with an emphasis on reproducibility and validation of new biomimetic tumor models, as described in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xin Yi Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Physical Sciences Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Kyungmin Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Kyung Min Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Physical Sciences Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alireza Roshan-Ghias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Pallavi Sethi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Nanotechnology Training Center, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Archana Thakur
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Xi Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Aranzazu Villasante
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Nicole M Moore
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Larry A Nagahara
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Nastaran Z Kuhn
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.
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A potential mechanism for extracellular matrix induction of breast cancer cell normality. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:302. [PMID: 25927296 PMCID: PMC3978454 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix proteins from embryonic mesenchyme have a normalizing effect on cancer cells in vitro and slow tumor growth in vivo. This concept is suggestive of a new method for controlling the growth and spread of existing cancer cells in situ and indicates the possibility that extracellular proteins and/or embryonic mesenchymal fibroblasts may represent a fertile subject for study of new anti-cancer treatments.
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30
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Howard BA, Lu P. Stromal regulation of embryonic and postnatal mammary epithelial development and differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 25-26:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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