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Lin YK, Coppo R, Onuma K, Endo H, Kondo J, Iwabuchi S, Hashimoto S, Itatani Y, Obama K, Inoue M. Growth pattern of de novo small clusters of colorectal cancer is regulated by Notch signaling at detachment. Cancer Sci 2024. [PMID: 39300760 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell clusters have a higher capacity for metastasis than single cells, suggesting cancer cell clusters have biological properties different from those of single cells. The nature of de novo cancer cell clusters that are newly formed from tumor masses is largely unknown. Herein, we generated small cell clusters from colorectal cancer organoids and tracked the growth patterns of the clusters up to four cells. Growth patterns were classified into actively growing and poorly growing spheroids (PG). Notch signaling was robustly activated in small clusters immediately after dissociation, and Notch signaling inhibition markedly increased the proportion of PG spheroids. Only a limited number of PG spheroids grew under growth-permissive conditions in vitro, but xenograft tumors derived from Notch inhibited clusters showed growth rates comparable to those of untreated spheroids. Thus, de novo clusters are composed of cells with interchangeable growth fates, which are regulated in a context-dependent manner by Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kai Lin
- Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Roberto Coppo
- Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kunishige Onuma
- Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroko Endo
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kondo
- Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sadahiro Iwabuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Itatani
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Obama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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2
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Cozzo AJ, Coleman MF, Hursting SD. You complete me: tumor cell-myeloid cell nuclear fusion as a facilitator of organ-specific metastasis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1191332. [PMID: 37427108 PMCID: PMC10324515 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1191332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Every cancer genome is unique, resulting in potentially near infinite cancer cell phenotypes and an inability to predict clinical outcomes in most cases. Despite this profound genomic heterogeneity, many cancer types and subtypes display a non-random distribution of metastasis to distant organs, a phenomenon known as organotropism. Proposed factors in metastatic organotropism include hematogenous versus lymphatic dissemination, the circulation pattern of the tissue of origin, tumor-intrinsic factors, compatibility with established organ-specific niches, long-range induction of premetastatic niche formation, and so-called "prometastatic niches" that facilitate successful colonization of the secondary site following extravasation. To successfully complete the steps required for distant metastasis, cancer cells must evade immunosurveillance and survive in multiple new and hostile environments. Despite substantial advances in our understanding of the biology underlying malignancy, many of the mechanisms used by cancer cells to survive the metastatic journey remain a mystery. This review synthesizes the rapidly growing body of literature demonstrating the relevance of an unusual cell type known as "fusion hybrid" cells to many of the hallmarks of cancer, including tumor heterogeneity, metastatic conversion, survival in circulation, and metastatic organotropism. Whereas the concept of fusion between tumor cells and blood cells was initially proposed over a century ago, only recently have technological advancements allowed for detection of cells containing components of both immune and neoplastic cells within primary and metastatic lesions as well as among circulating malignant cells. Specifically, heterotypic fusion of cancer cells with monocytes and macrophages results in a highly heterogeneous population of hybrid daughter cells with enhanced malignant potential. Proposed mechanisms behind these findings include rapid, massive genome rearrangement during nuclear fusion and/or acquisition of monocyte/macrophage features such as migratory and invasive capability, immune privilege, immune cell trafficking and homing, and others. Rapid acquisition of these cellular traits may increase the likelihood of both escape from the primary tumor site and extravasation of hybrid cells at a secondary location that is amenable to colonization by that particular hybrid phenotype, providing a partial explanation for the patterns observed in some cancers with regard to sites of distant metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J. Cozzo
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael F. Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
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3
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Xiao X, Miao X, Duan S, Liu S, Cao Q, Wu R, Tao C, Zhao J, Qu Q, Markiewicz A, Peng R, Chen Y, Żaczek A, Liu J. Single-Cell Enzymatic Screening for Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition with an Ultrasensitive Superwetting Droplet-Array Microchip. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300096. [PMID: 37086121 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The phenotypic changes of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been a hot topic in tumor biology and cancer therapeutic development. Here, an integrated platform of single-cell fluorescent enzymatic assays with superwetting droplet-array microchips (SDAM) for ultrasensitive functional screening of epithelial-mesenchymal sub-phenotypes of CTCs is reported. The SDAM can generate high-density, volume well-defined droplet (0.66 nL per droplet) arrays isolating single tumor cells via a discontinuous dewetting effect. It enables sensitive detection of MMP9 enzyme activities secreted by single tumor cells, correlating to their epithelial-mesenchymal sub-phenotypes. In the pilot clinical double-blind tests, the authors have demonstrated that SDAM assays allow for rapid identification and functional screening of CTCs with different epithelial-mesenchymal properties. The consistency with the clinical outcomes validates the usefulness of single-cell secreted MMP9 as a biomarker for selective CTC screening and tumor metastasis monitoring. Convenient addressing and recovery of individual CTCs from SDAM have been demonstrated for gene mutation sequencing, immunostaining, and transcriptome analysis, revealing new understandings of the signaling pathways between MMP9 secretion and the EMT regulation of CTCs. The SDAM approach combined with sequencing technologies promises to explore the dynamic EMT plasticity of tumors at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinxing Miao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shanzhou Duan
- Department of thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Sidi Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Cao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Renfei Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Tao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qing Qu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Aleksandra Markiewicz
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, 80-211, Poland
| | - Rui Peng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yongbing Chen
- Department of thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Anna Żaczek
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, 80-211, Poland
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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Chen L, Guo X, Sun X, Zhang S, Wu J, Yu H, Zhang T, Cheng W, Shi Y, Pan L. Porous Structural Microfluidic Device for Biomedical Diagnosis: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:547. [PMID: 36984956 PMCID: PMC10051279 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics has recently received more and more attention in applications such as biomedical, chemical and medicine. With the development of microelectronics technology as well as material science in recent years, microfluidic devices have made great progress. Porous structures as a discontinuous medium in which the special flow phenomena of fluids lead to their potential and special applications in microfluidics offer a unique way to develop completely new microfluidic chips. In this article, we firstly introduce the fabrication methods for porous structures of different materials. Then, the physical effects of microfluid flow in porous media and their related physical models are discussed. Finally, the state-of-the-art porous microfluidic chips and their applications in biomedicine are summarized, and we present the current problems and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xidi Sun
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (Y.S.); (L.P.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Shi
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (Y.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Lijia Pan
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (Y.S.); (L.P.)
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5
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Martínez-Pena I, Hurtado P, Carmona-Ule N, Abuín C, Dávila-Ibáñez AB, Sánchez L, Abal M, Chaachou A, Hernández-Losa J, Cajal SRY, López-López R, Piñeiro R. Dissecting Breast Cancer Circulating Tumor Cells Competence via Modelling Metastasis in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179279. [PMID: 34502201 PMCID: PMC8431683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer metastasis is a deathly process, and a better understanding of the different steps is needed. The shedding of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and CTC-cluster from the primary tumor, its survival in circulation, and homing are key events of the metastasis cascade. In vitro models of CTCs and in vivo models of metastasis represent an excellent opportunity to delve into the behavior of metastatic cells, to gain understanding on how secondary tumors appear. METHODS Using the zebrafish embryo, in combination with the mouse and in vitro assays, as an in vivo model of the spatiotemporal development of metastases, we study the metastatic competency of breast cancer CTCs and CTC-clusters and the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS CTC-clusters disseminated at a lower frequency than single CTCs in the zebrafish and showed a reduced capacity to invade. A temporal follow-up of the behavior of disseminated CTCs showed a higher survival and proliferation capacity of CTC-clusters, supported by their increased resistance to fluid shear stress. These data were corroborated in mouse studies. In addition, a differential gene signature was observed, with CTC-clusters upregulating cell cycle and stemness related genes. CONCLUSIONS The zebrafish embryo is a valuable model system to understand the biology of breast cancer CTCs and CTC-clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Martínez-Pena
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (I.M.-P.); (P.H.); (N.C.-U.); (C.A.); (A.B.D.-I.); (R.L.-L.)
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.); (J.H.-L.); (S.R.y.C.)
| | - Pablo Hurtado
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (I.M.-P.); (P.H.); (N.C.-U.); (C.A.); (A.B.D.-I.); (R.L.-L.)
| | - Nuria Carmona-Ule
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (I.M.-P.); (P.H.); (N.C.-U.); (C.A.); (A.B.D.-I.); (R.L.-L.)
| | - Carmen Abuín
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (I.M.-P.); (P.H.); (N.C.-U.); (C.A.); (A.B.D.-I.); (R.L.-L.)
| | - Ana Belén Dávila-Ibáñez
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (I.M.-P.); (P.H.); (N.C.-U.); (C.A.); (A.B.D.-I.); (R.L.-L.)
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Departamento de Zoología, Genética y Antropología Física, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Miguel Abal
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.); (J.H.-L.); (S.R.y.C.)
- Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, CIBERONC, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anas Chaachou
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Javier Hernández-Losa
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.); (J.H.-L.); (S.R.y.C.)
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Santiago Ramón y Cajal
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.); (J.H.-L.); (S.R.y.C.)
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Rafael López-López
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (I.M.-P.); (P.H.); (N.C.-U.); (C.A.); (A.B.D.-I.); (R.L.-L.)
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.); (J.H.-L.); (S.R.y.C.)
- Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, CIBERONC, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Roberto Piñeiro
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (I.M.-P.); (P.H.); (N.C.-U.); (C.A.); (A.B.D.-I.); (R.L.-L.)
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.); (J.H.-L.); (S.R.y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-981-955-602
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FRET theoretical predictions concerning freely diffusive dyes inside spherical container: how to choose the best pair? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:275-283. [PMID: 33721256 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
FRET has been massively used to see if biomolecules were bounded or not by labelling both biomolecules by one dye of a FRET pair. This should give a digital answer to the question (fluorescence of the acceptor: high FRET efficency: molecules associated, fluorescence of the donor: low FRET efficency: molecules dissociated). This has been used, inter alia, at the single-molecule scale in containers, such as liposomes. One perspective of the field is to reduce the container's size to study the effect of confinement on binding. The problem is that if the two dyes are encapsulated inside a small liposome, they could have a significant probability to be close one from the other one (and thus to undergo a high FRET efficiency event without binding). This is why we suggest here a theoretical model which gives mean FRET efficiency as a function of liposome radius (the model applies to any spherical container) and Förster radius to help the experimentalist to choose their experimental set-up. Besides, the influence of side effect on mean FRET efficiency has been studied as well. We show here that if this "background FRET" is most of the time non-quantitative, it can remain significant and which makes data analysis trickier. We could show as well that if this background FRET obviously increases when liposome radius decreases, this variation was lower than the one which could be expected because of side effect. We show as well the FRET efficiency function distribution which let the experimentalist know the probability to get one FRET efficiency value.
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7
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Wu L, Wang Y, Xu X, Liu Y, Lin B, Zhang M, Zhang J, Wan S, Yang C, Tan W. Aptamer-Based Detection of Circulating Targets for Precision Medicine. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12035-12105. [PMID: 33667075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed ongoing progress in precision medicine to improve human health. As an emerging diagnostic technique, liquid biopsy can provide real-time, comprehensive, dynamic physiological and pathological information in a noninvasive manner, opening a new window for precision medicine. Liquid biopsy depends on the sensitive and reliable detection of circulating targets (e.g., cells, extracellular vesicles, proteins, microRNAs) from body fluids, the performance of which is largely governed by recognition ligands. Aptamers are single-stranded functional oligonucleotides, capable of folding into unique tertiary structures to bind to their targets with superior specificity and affinity. Their mature evolution procedure, facile modification, and affinity regulation, as well as versatile structural design and engineering, make aptamers ideal recognition ligands for liquid biopsy. In this review, we present a broad overview of aptamer-based liquid biopsy techniques for precision medicine. We begin with recent advances in aptamer selection, followed by a summary of state-of-the-art strategies for multivalent aptamer assembly and aptamer interface modification. We will further describe aptamer-based micro-/nanoisolation platforms, aptamer-enabled release methods, and aptamer-assisted signal amplification and detection strategies. Finally, we present our perspectives regarding the opportunities and challenges of aptamer-based liquid biopsy for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yidi Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xing Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yilong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bingqian Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shuang Wan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.,The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
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Peyre L, Meyer M, Hofman P, Roux J. TRAIL receptor-induced features of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition increase tumour phenotypic heterogeneity: potential cell survival mechanisms. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:91-101. [PMID: 33257838 PMCID: PMC7782794 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuing efforts to exploit the death receptor agonists, such as the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), for cancer therapy, have largely been impaired by the anti-apoptotic and pro-survival signalling pathways leading to drug resistance. Cell migration, invasion, differentiation, immune evasion and anoikis resistance are plastic processes sharing features of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that have been shown to give cancer cells the ability to escape cell death upon cytotoxic treatments. EMT has recently been suggested to drive a heterogeneous cellular environment that appears favourable for tumour progression. Recent studies have highlighted a link between EMT and cell sensitivity to TRAIL, whereas others have highlighted their effects on the induction of EMT. This review aims to explore the molecular mechanisms by which death signals can elicit an increase in response heterogeneity in the metastasis context, and to evaluate the impact of these processes on cell responses to cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Peyre
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284, Inserm U 1081, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement de Nice (IRCAN), Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Mickael Meyer
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284, Inserm U 1081, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement de Nice (IRCAN), Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284, Inserm U 1081, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement de Nice (IRCAN), Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Jérémie Roux
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284, Inserm U 1081, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement de Nice (IRCAN), Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 06107, Nice, France.
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9
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Exploration of Circulating Tumour Cell (CTC) Biology: A Paradigm Shift in Liquid Biopsy. Indian J Clin Biochem 2020; 36:131-142. [PMID: 33867703 PMCID: PMC7994460 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-020-00923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs), are disseminated tumour cells found in the blood in solid tumour malignancies. Identification of CTCs act as emerging tools in the field of the Liquid Biopsy. Majority of the studies focused on detection and enumeration of CTCs due to technological challenges those results from the rarity of CTCs in the blood. Enumeration of CTCs has already proven their value as prognostic as well as predictive biomarkers for disease prognosis. However, recent advances in technology permitted to study the molecular and functional features of CTCs and these features have the potential to change the diagnostic, prognostic and predictive landscape in oncology. In this review, we summarize the paradigm shift in the field of liquid biopsy-based cancer diagnostics using CTC isolation and detection. We have discussed recent advances in the technologies for molecular characterization of CTCs which have aided a shift from CTC enumeration to an in-depth analysis of the CTC genome, transcriptomes, proteins, epigenomes along with various functional features. Finally, as a prognosticating strategy, the potentials of CTCs as a tool of liquid biopsy to predict micrometastasis, monitor prognosis and how to use them as an additional tool for cancer staging has been discussed.
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Mentis AFA, Grivas PD, Dardiotis E, Romas NA, Papavassiliou AG. Circulating tumor cells as Trojan Horse for understanding, preventing, and treating cancer: a critical appraisal. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3671-3690. [PMID: 32333084 PMCID: PMC11104835 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are regarded as harbingers of metastases. Their ability to predict response to therapy, relapse, and resistance to treatment has proposed their value as putative diagnostic and prognostic indicators. CTCs represent one of the zeniths of cancer evolution in terms of cell survival; however, the triggers of CTC generation, the identification of potentially metastatic CTCs, and the mechanisms contributing to their heterogeneity and aggressiveness represent issues not yet fully deciphered. Thus, prior to enabling liquid biopsy applications to reach clinical prime time, understanding how the above mechanistic information can be applied to improve treatment decisions is a key challenge. Here, we provide our perspective on how CTCs can provide mechanistic insights into tumor pathogenesis, as well as on CTC clinical value. In doing so, we aim to (a) describe how CTCs disseminate from the primary tumor, and their link to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); (b) trace the route of CTCs through the circulation, focusing on tumor self-seeding and the possibility of tertiary metastasis; (c) describe possible mechanisms underlying the enhanced metastatic potential of CTCs; (d) discuss how CTC could provide further information on the tissue of origin, especially in cancer of unknown primary origin. We also provide a comprehensive review of meta-analyses assessing the prognostic significance of CTCs, to highlight the emerging role of CTCs in clinical oncology. We also explore how cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis, using a combination of genomic and phylogenetic analysis, can offer insights into CTC biology, including our understanding of CTC heterogeneity and tumor evolution. Last, we discuss emerging technologies, such as high-throughput quantitative imaging, radiogenomics, machine learning approaches, and the emerging breath biopsy. These technologies could compliment CTC and ctDNA analyses, and they collectively represent major future steps in cancer detection, monitoring, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios-Fotios A Mentis
- Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Petros D Grivas
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas A Romas
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street-Bldg. 16, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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11
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Cheng J, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Zhang L, Mao H, Huang C. Nanotechnology-Assisted Isolation and Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells on Microfluidic Devices. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E774. [PMID: 32823926 PMCID: PMC7465711 DOI: 10.3390/mi11080774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), a type of cancer cell that spreads from primary tumors into human peripheral blood and are considered as a new biomarker of cancer liquid biopsy. It provides the direction for understanding the biology of cancer metastasis and progression. Isolation and analysis of CTCs offer the possibility for early cancer detection and dynamic prognosis monitoring. The extremely low quantity and high heterogeneity of CTCs are the major challenges for the application of CTCs in liquid biopsy. There have been significant research endeavors to develop efficient and reliable approaches to CTC isolation and analysis in the past few decades. With the advancement of microfabrication and nanomaterials, a variety of approaches have now emerged for CTC isolation and analysis on microfluidic platforms combined with nanotechnology. These new approaches show advantages in terms of cell capture efficiency, purity, detection sensitivity and specificity. This review focuses on recent progress in the field of nanotechnology-assisted microfluidics for CTC isolation and detection. Firstly, CTC isolation approaches using nanomaterial-based microfluidic devices are summarized and discussed. The different strategies for CTC release from the devices are specifically outlined. In addition, existing nanotechnology-assisted methods for CTC downstream analysis are summarized. Some perspectives are discussed on the challenges of current methods for CTC studies and promising research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.M.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.M.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China;
| | - Lingqian Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Haiyang Mao
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Chengjun Huang
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.M.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Relevance of CTC Clusters in Breast Cancer Metastasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1220:93-115. [PMID: 32304082 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35805-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of mortality in patients with breast cancer; however, the mechanisms of tumor cell dissemination and metastasis formation are not well established yet. The study of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), the metastatic precursors of distant disease, may help in this search. CTCs can be found in the blood of cancer patients as single cells or as tumor cell aggregates, known as CTC clusters. CTC clusters have differential biological features such as an enhanced survival and metastatic potential, and they hold great promises for the evaluation of prognosis, diagnosis and therapy of the metastatic cancer. The analysis of CTC clusters offers new insights into the mechanism of metastasis and can guide towards the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to suppress cancer metastasis. This has become possible thanks to the development of improved technologies for detection of CTCs and CTC clusters. However, more efficient methods are needed in order to address important questions regarding the metastatic potential of CTC and future clinical applications. In this chapter, we explore the current knowledge on the role of CTC clusters in breast cancer metastasis, their origin, metastatic advantages and clinical importance.
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13
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Kerr K, McAneney H, Flanagan C, Maxwell AP, McKnight AJ. Differential methylation as a diagnostic biomarker of rare renal diseases: a systematic review. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:320. [PMID: 31419951 PMCID: PMC6697952 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The challenges in diagnosis of rare renal conditions can negatively impact patient prognosis, quality of life and result in significant healthcare costs. Differential methylation is emerging as an important biomarker for rare diseases and should be evaluated for rare renal conditions. METHODS A comprehensive systematic review of methylation and rare renal disorders was conducted by searching the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, alongside grey literature from GreyLit and OpenGrey databases, for publications published before September 2018. Additionally, the reference lists of the included papers were searched. Data was extracted and appraised including the primary focus, measurement and methodological rigour of the source. Eligibility criteria were adapted using the inclusion criteria from 'The 100,000 Genomes Project' and The National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases, with additional focus on methylation. RESULTS Thirteen full text articles were included in the review. Diseases analysed for differential methylation included glomerular disease, IgA nephropathy, ADPKD, rare causes of proteinuria, congenital renal agenesis, and membranous nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS Differential methylation has been observed for several rare renal diseases, highlighting its potential for improving molecular characterisation of these disorders. Further investigation of methylation following a standardised reporting structure is necessary to improve research quality. Multi-omic data will provide insights for improved diagnosis, prognosis and support for individuals living and working with rare renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Kerr
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, c/o Regional Genetics Centre, Level A, Tower Block, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, BT9 7AB, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Helen McAneney
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, c/o Regional Genetics Centre, Level A, Tower Block, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, BT9 7AB, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Cheryl Flanagan
- 100,000 Genomes Project Team, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | | | - Amy Jayne McKnight
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, c/o Regional Genetics Centre, Level A, Tower Block, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, BT9 7AB, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
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14
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Lagerman CE, López Acevedo SN, Fahad AS, Hailemariam AT, Madan B, DeKosky BJ. Ultrasonically-guided flow focusing generates precise emulsion droplets for high-throughput single cell analyses. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:226-233. [PMID: 30904454 PMCID: PMC6688500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Emulsion-based techniques have dramatically advanced our understanding of single-cell biology and complex single-cell features over the past two decades. Most approaches for precise single cell isolation rely on microfluidics, which has proven highly effective but requires substantial investment in equipment and expertise that can be difficult to access for researchers that specialize in other areas of bioengineering and molecular biotechnology. Inspired by the robust droplet generation technologies in modern flow cytometry instrumentation, here we established a new platform for high-throughput isolation of single cells within droplets of tunable sizes by combining flow focusing with ultrasonic vibration for rapid and effective droplet formation. Application of ultrasonic pressure waves to the flowing jet provided enhanced control of emulsion droplet size, permitting capture of 25,000 to 50,000 single cells per minute. As an example application, we applied this new droplet generation platform to sequence the antibody variable region heavy and light chain pairings (VH:VL) from large repertoires of single B cells. We demonstrated the recovery of > 40,000 paired CDRH3:CDRL3 antibody clusters from a single individual, validating that these droplet systems can enable the genetic analysis of very large single-cell populations. These accessible new technologies will allow rapid, large-scale, and precise single-cell analyses for a broad range of bioengineering and molecular biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton E Lagerman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Sheila N López Acevedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Ahmed S Fahad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Amen T Hailemariam
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Bharat Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Brandon J DeKosky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA; Kansas Vaccine Institute, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA.
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15
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Chen Z, Chen JJ, Fan R. Single-Cell Protein Secretion Detection and Profiling. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2019; 12:431-449. [PMID: 30978293 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-115055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Secreted proteins play important roles in mediating various biological processes such as cell-cell communication, differentiation, migration, and homeostasis at the population or tissue level. Here, we review bioanalytical technologies and devices for detecting protein secretions from single cells. We begin by discussing conventional approaches followed by detailing the latest advances in microengineered systems for detecting single-cell protein secretions with an emphasis on multiplex measurement. These platforms include droplet microfluidics, micro-/nanowell-based assays, and microchamber-based assays, among which the advantages and limitations are compared. Microscale systems also enable the tracking of protein secretion dynamics in single cells, further empowering the study of the cell-cell communication network. Looking forward, we discuss the remaining challenges and future opportunities that will transform basic research of cellular secretion functions at the systems level and the clinical applications for immune monitoring and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
| | - Jonathan J Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale Stem Cell Center, Human and Translational Immunology Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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16
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Advances in liquid biopsy using circulating tumor cells and circulating cell-free tumor DNA for detection and monitoring of breast cancer. Clin Exp Med 2019; 19:271-279. [PMID: 31190187 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-019-00563-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Overview the progress of liquid biopsy using circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating cell-free tumor DNA (cfDNA) to detect and monitor breast cancer. Based on numerous research efforts, the potential value of CTCs and cfDNA in the clinical aspects of cancer has become clear. With the development of next-generation sequencing analysis and newly developed technologies, many technical issues have been resolved, making liquid biopsy widely used in clinical practice. They can be powerful tools for dynamic monitoring of tumor progression and therapeutic efficacy. In the field of breast cancer, liquid biopsy is a research hot spot in recent years, playing a key role in monitoring breast cancer metastasis, predicting disease recurrence and assessing clinical drug resistance. Liquid biopsy has the advantages of noninvasive, high sensitivity, high specificity and real-time dynamic monitoring. Still application is far from reality, but the research and application prospects of CTCs and cfDNA in breast cancer are still worth exploring and discovering. This article reviews the main techniques and applications of CTCs and cfDNA in breast cancer.
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17
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Gene Expression Analysis of Immunomagnetically Enriched Circulating Tumor Cell Fraction in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Mol Diagn Ther 2019; 22:381-390. [PMID: 29725990 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-018-0333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular characterization of tumors could be a key to therapeutic decision-making with regards to targeted therapies in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). A convenient solution may be non-invasive liquid biopsy testing of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). For this reason, CTC-enriched samples obtained by immunomagnetic separation (AdnaTest®) were studied as a source material for high-throughput gene expression analysis using BioMark™. PATIENTS AND METHODS CTC-enriched samples from 41 CRPC patients previously determined to be CTC positive using the AdnaTest® were retrospectively re-analysed for androgen receptor (AR) messenger RNA (mRNA), using the updated AdnaTest®. Blood samples were drawn two times from each patient: at the time of CRPC diagnosis and after the third docetaxel cycle. A gene expression panel of 27 genes related to CRPC therapeutic decision-making, including AR full length (ARFL) and splice variant 7 (ARV7), was retrospectively analyzed on a BioMark™ platform in 29 of 41 patients. RESULTS The AdnaTest® detected AR mRNA in three-quarters of CTC-positive samples taken at the time of CRPC diagnosis and after the third docetaxel cycle. AR detection was associated with a shorter disease-specific survival (45.0 vs. 20.4 months) at the time of CRPC diagnosis. ARFL expression at the time of CRPC diagnosis, measured on the BioMark™ platform, was associated with a lower decrease of serum level of prostate-specific antigen (sPSA) (p = 0.029), i.e., worse therapy response. ARV7 was found in 38% of the ARFL--positive samples at both analyzed timepoints. CONCLUSION Detection of AR expression by AdnaTest® in CTC-enriched samples may help predict patients' survival. These AdnaTest® CTC-enriched samples can be used in a high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of gene expression, provided that the specificity of the assay for each individual gene is properly validated. The BioMark™ platform can be used for the simultaneous detection of ARFL and ARV7 and other genes in CTC-enriched samples from CRPC patients.
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18
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Herrera V, Hsu SCJ, Rahim MK, Chen C, Nguyen L, Liu WF, Haun JB. Pushing the limits of detection for proteins secreted from single cells using quantum dots. Analyst 2019; 144:980-989. [PMID: 30270391 PMCID: PMC6349524 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01083h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Single cell analysis methods are increasingly being utilized to investigate how individual cells process information and respond to diverse stimuli. Soluble proteins play a critical role in controlling cell populations and tissues, but directly monitoring secretion is technically challenging. Microfabricated well arrays have been developed to assess secretion at the single cell level, but these systems are limited by low detection sensitivity. Semiconductor quantum dots (QD) exhibit remarkably bright and photostable luminescence signal, but to date they have not been evaluated in single cell secretion studies using microfabricated well arrays. Here, we used QDs in a sandwich immunoassay to detect secretion of the soluble cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from single cells. To enhance detection sensitivity, we employed two different strategies. First, we used a unique single QD imaging approach, which provided a detection threshold (180 attomolar) that was >100-fold lower than previously reported results using QDs. We also amplified QD binding to each captured TNF-α molecule using the bioorthogonal cycloaddition reaction between trans-cyclooctene and tetrazine, which further lowered detection threshold to 60 attomolar. This is 6 orders of magnitude more sensitive than organic fluorophores that have been used for single cell secretion studies, and far surpasses single molecule resolution within sub-picoliter microwells that are used to assess single cell secretion. Finally, single cell secretion studies were performed using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) differentiated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated U-937 cells. TNF-α secretion was detected from 3-fold more single cells using the QD-based method in comparison to rhodamine, which was accomplished by extending sensitivity into the range of ∼2 to 10 000 molecules captured per microwell. In future work, we will apply this technique to assess immune cell secretion dynamics under diverse stimuli and disease settings. We will also incorporate multiplexing capabilities to evaluate the secretome at the resolution of single molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Herrera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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19
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Dwivedi S, Purohit P, Misra R, Lingeswaran M, Vishnoi JR, Pareek P, Misra S, Sharma P. Single Cell Omics of Breast Cancer: An Update on Characterization and Diagnosis. Indian J Clin Biochem 2019; 34:3-18. [PMID: 30728668 PMCID: PMC6346617 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-019-0811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is recognized for its different clinical behaviors and patient outcomes, regardless of common histopathological features at diagnosis. The heterogeneity and dynamics of breast cancer undergoing clonal evolution produces cells with distinct degrees of drug resistance and metastatic potential. Presently, single cell analysis have made outstanding advancements, overshadowing the hurdles of heterogeneity linked with vast populations. The speedy progression in sequencing analysis now allow unbiased, high-output and high-resolution elucidation of the heterogeneity from individual cell within a population. Classical therapeutics strategies for individual patients are governed by the presence and absence of expression pattern of the estrogen and progesterone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. However, such tactics for clinical classification have fruitfulness in selection of targeted therapies, short-term patient responses but unable to predict the long-term survival. In any phenotypic alterations, like breast cancer disease, molecular signature have proven its implication, as we aware that individual cell's state is regulated at diverse levels, such as DNA, RNA and protein, by multifaceted interplay of intrinsic biomolecules pathways existing in the organism and extrinsic stimuli such as ambient environment. Thus for complete understanding, complete profiling of single cell requires a synchronous investigations from different levels (multi-omics) to avoid incomplete information produced from single cell. In this article, initially we briefed on novel updates of various methods available to explore omics and then we finally pinpointed on various omics (i.e. genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics and metabolomics) data and few special aspects of circulating tumor cells, disseminated tumor cells and cancer stem cells, so far available from various studies that can be used for better management of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005 India
| | - Purvi Purohit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005 India
| | - Radhieka Misra
- Under-graduate Medical Scholar, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, 226003 India
| | - Malavika Lingeswaran
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005 India
| | - Jeewan Ram Vishnoi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005 India
| | - Puneet Pareek
- Department of Radio-Therapy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005 India
| | - Sanjeev Misra
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005 India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005 India
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20
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Wang Z, Wu W, Wang Z, Tang Y, Deng Y, Xu L, Tian J, Shi Q. Ex vivo expansion of circulating lung tumor cells based on one-step microfluidics-based immunomagnetic isolation. Analyst 2018; 141:3621-5. [PMID: 26887792 DOI: 10.1039/c5an02554k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We describe a one-step microfludics-based immunomagnetic isolation method to isolate CTCs directly from the whole blood of lung adenocarcinoma patients. This method avoids harsh sample preparation and enrichment steps, and therefore preserves the viability of CTCs during the in vitro isolation. Importantly, isolated, magnetic bead-bearing CTCs are concentrated in a small volume of culture medium with a high CTC density. High cell viability and culturing density promote the ex vivo expansion of limited numbers of CTCs. Expanded CTCs are characterized at the genetic, protein and metabolic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Tang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ling Xu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianhui Tian
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qihui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. and State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Functional profiling of circulating tumor cells with an integrated vortex capture and single-cell protease activity assay. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:9986-9991. [PMID: 30224472 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1803884115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells are hypothesized to use proteolytic enzymes to facilitate invasion. Whether circulating tumor cells (CTCs) secrete these enzymes to aid metastasis is unknown. A quantitative and high-throughput approach to assay CTC secretion is needed to address this question. We developed an integrated microfluidic system that concentrates rare cancer cells >100,000-fold from 1 mL of whole blood into ∼50,000 2-nL drops composed of assay reagents within 15 min. The system isolates CTCs by size, exchanges fluid around CTCs to remove contaminants, introduces a matrix metalloprotease (MMP) substrate, and encapsulates CTCs into microdroplets. We found CTCs from prostate cancer patients possessed above baseline levels of MMP activity (1.7- to 200-fold). Activity of CTCs was generally higher than leukocytes from the same patient (average CTC/leukocyte MMP activity ratio, 2.6 ± 1.5). Higher MMP activity of CTCs suggests active proteolytic processes that may facilitate invasion or immune evasion and be relevant phenotypic biomarkers enabling companion diagnostics for anti-MMP therapies.
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22
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Giuliano M, Shaikh A, Lo HC, Arpino G, De Placido S, Zhang XH, Cristofanilli M, Schiff R, Trivedi MV. Perspective on Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters: Why It Takes a Village to Metastasize. Cancer Res 2018; 78:845-852. [PMID: 29437766 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters may represent one of the key mechanisms initiating the metastasis process. However, the series of pathophysiologic events by which CTC clusters originate, enter the circulation, and reach the distant sites remain to be identified. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that provide survival advantage for CTC clusters during the transit in the blood stream are also still largely unknown. Understanding the biology of CTC clusters is critical to assess this unified scheme employed by cancer and to device strategies to overcome key pathways responsible for their improved metastatic potential. CTC clusters remain an underdeveloped area of research begging the attention of multidisciplinary cancer research teams. Here, we provide insight on existing preclinical evidence on the potential mechanisms leading to CTC cluster formation and dissemination and on processes that may offer survival advantage. We also offer our perspective on future directions to delineate the role of CTC clusters in metastatic cascade and discuss their clinical significance. Cancer Res; 78(4); 845-52. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Giuliano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Anum Shaikh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas
| | - Hin Ching Lo
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Grazia Arpino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabino De Placido
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Xiang H Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Rachel Schiff
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Meghana V Trivedi
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas
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23
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Green BJ, Kermanshah L, Labib M, Ahmed SU, Silva PN, Mahmoudian L, Chang IH, Mohamadi RM, Rocheleau JV, Kelley SO. Isolation of Phenotypically Distinct Cancer Cells Using Nanoparticle-Mediated Sorting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:20435-20443. [PMID: 28548481 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Isolating subpopulations of heterogeneous cancer cells is an important capability for the meaningful characterization of circulating tumor cells at different stages of tumor progression and during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Here, we present a microfluidic device that can separate phenotypically distinct subpopulations of cancer cells. Magnetic nanoparticles coated with antibodies against the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) are used to separate breast cancer cells in the microfluidic platform. Cells are sorted into different zones on the basis of the levels of EpCAM expression, which enables the detection of cells that are losing epithelial character and becoming more mesenchymal. The phenotypic properties of the isolated cells with low and high EpCAM are then assessed using matrix-coated surfaces for collagen uptake analysis, and an NAD(P)H assay that assesses metabolic activity. We show that low-EpCAM expressing cells have higher collagen uptake and higher folate-induced NAD(P)H responses compared to those of high-EpCAM expressing cells. In addition, we tested SKBR3 cancer cells undergoing chemically induced hypoxia. The induced cells have reduced expression of EpCAM, and we find that these cells have higher collagen uptake and NAD(P)H metabolism relative to noninduced cells. This work demonstrates that nanoparticle-mediated binning facilitates the isolation of functionally distinct cell subpopulations and allows surface marker expression to be associated with invasiveness, including collagen uptake and metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shana O Kelley
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada
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24
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Prakadan SM, Shalek AK, Weitz DA. Scaling by shrinking: empowering single-cell 'omics' with microfluidic devices. Nat Rev Genet 2017; 18:345-361. [PMID: 28392571 DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2017.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in cellular profiling have demonstrated substantial heterogeneity in the behaviour of cells once deemed 'identical', challenging fundamental notions of cell 'type' and 'state'. Not surprisingly, these findings have elicited substantial interest in deeply characterizing the diversity, interrelationships and plasticity among cellular phenotypes. To explore these questions, experimental platforms are needed that can extensively and controllably profile many individual cells. Here, microfluidic structures - whether valve-, droplet- or nanowell-based - have an important role because they can facilitate easy capture and processing of single cells and their components, reducing labour and costs relative to conventional plate-based methods while also improving consistency. In this article, we review the current state-of-the-art methodologies with respect to microfluidics for mammalian single-cell 'omics' and discuss challenges and future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay M Prakadan
- Institute for Medical Engineering &Science (IMES) and Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Institute for Medical Engineering &Science (IMES) and Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - David A Weitz
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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25
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Profiling protein expression in circulating tumour cells using microfluidic western blotting. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14622. [PMID: 28332571 PMCID: PMC5376644 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are rare tumour cells found in the circulatory system of certain cancer patients. The clinical and functional significance of CTCs is still under investigation. Protein profiling of CTCs would complement the recent advances in enumeration, transcriptomic and genomic characterization of these rare cells and help define their characteristics. Here we describe a microfluidic western blot for an eight-plex protein panel for individual CTCs derived from estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer patients. The precision handling and analysis reveals a capacity to assay sparingly available patient-derived CTCs, a biophysical CTC phenotype more lysis-resistant than breast cancer cell lines, a capacity to report protein expression on a per CTC basis and two statistically distinct GAPDH subpopulations within the patient-derived CTCs. Targeted single-CTC proteomics with the capacity for archivable, multiplexed protein analysis offers a unique, complementary taxonomy for understanding CTC biology and ascertaining clinical impact. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are rare cells found in the blood of certain cancer patients. Here, the authors develop a cytometry tool that appends a microfluidic western blot to a CTC isolation workflow and apply it to profile a panel of proteins in single CTCs isolated from ER+ breast cancer patients.
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26
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Poudineh M, Labib M, Ahmed S, Nguyen LNM, Kermanshah L, Mohamadi RM, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Profiling Functional and Biochemical Phenotypes of Circulating Tumor Cells Using a Two‐Dimensional Sorting Device. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahla Poudineh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Sharif Ahmed
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | | | - Leyla Kermanshah
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Reza M. Mohamadi
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Biochemistry University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
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27
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Poudineh M, Labib M, Ahmed S, Nguyen LNM, Kermanshah L, Mohamadi RM, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Profiling Functional and Biochemical Phenotypes of Circulating Tumor Cells Using a Two-Dimensional Sorting Device. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:163-168. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahla Poudineh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Sharif Ahmed
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | | | - Leyla Kermanshah
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Reza M. Mohamadi
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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28
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Wollrab V, Caballero D, Thiagarajan R, Riveline D. Ordering Single Cells and Single Embryos in 3D Confinement: A New Device for High Content Screening. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27684088 DOI: 10.3791/51880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological cells are usually observed on flat (2D) surfaces. This condition is not physiological, and phenotypes and shapes are highly variable. Screening based on cells in such environments have therefore serious limitations: cell organelles show extreme phenotypes, cell morphologies and sizes are heterogeneous and/or specific cell organelles cannot be properly visualized. In addition, cells in vivo are located in a 3D environment; in this situation, cells show different phenotypes mainly because of their interaction with the surrounding extracellular matrix of the tissue. In order to standardize and generate order of single cells in a physiologically-relevant 3D environment for cell-based assays, we report here the microfabrication and applications of a device for in vitro 3D cell culture. This device consists of a 2D array of microcavities (typically 10(5) cavities/cm(2)), each filled with single cells or embryos. Cell position, shape, polarity and internal cell organization become then normalized showing a 3D architecture. We used replica molding to pattern an array of microcavities, 'eggcups', onto a thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer adhered on a coverslip. Cavities were covered with fibronectin to facilitate adhesion. Cells were inserted by centrifugation. Filling percentage was optimized for each system allowing up to 80%. Cells and embryos viability was confirmed. We applied this methodology for the visualization of cellular organelles, such as nucleus and Golgi apparatus, and to study active processes, such as the closure of the cytokinetic ring during cell mitosis. This device allowed the identification of new features, such as periodic accumulations and inhomogeneities of myosin and actin during the cytokinetic ring closure and compacted phenotypes for Golgi and nucleus alignment. We characterized the method for mammalian cells, fission yeast, budding yeast, C. elegans with specific adaptation in each case. Finally, the characteristics of this device make it particularly interesting for drug screening assays and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Wollrab
- Laboratory of Cell Physics, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS and Université de Strasbourg; Development and Stem Cells Program, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS and Université de Strasbourg
| | - David Caballero
- Laboratory of Cell Physics, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS and Université de Strasbourg; Development and Stem Cells Program, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS and Université de Strasbourg
| | - Raghavan Thiagarajan
- Laboratory of Cell Physics, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS and Université de Strasbourg; Development and Stem Cells Program, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS and Université de Strasbourg
| | - Daniel Riveline
- Laboratory of Cell Physics, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS and Université de Strasbourg; Development and Stem Cells Program, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS and Université de Strasbourg;
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29
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Abstract
Digital PCR (dPCR) is an emerging technology for genetic analysis and clinical diagnostics. To facilitate the widespread application of dPCR, here we developed a new micropatterned superporous absorbent array chip (μSAAC) which consists of an array of microwells packed with highly porous agarose microbeads. The packed beads construct a hierarchically porous microgel which confers superior water adsorption capacity to enable spontaneous filling of PDMS microwells for fluid compartmentalization without the need of sophisticated microfluidic equipment and operation expertise. Using large λ-DNA as the model template, we validated the μSAAC for stochastic partitioning and quantitative digital detection of DNA molecules. Furthermore, as a proof-of-concept, we conducted dPCR detection and single-molecule sequencing of a mutation prevalent in blood cancer, the chromosomal translocation t(14;18), demonstrating the feasibility of the μSAAC for analysis of disease-associated mutations. These experiments were carried out using the standard molecular biology techniques and instruments. Because of its low cost, ease of fabrication, and equipment-free liquid partitioning, the μSAAC is readily adaptable to general lab settings, which could significantly facilitate the widespread application of dPCR technology in basic research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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30
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McWhorter FY, Smith TD, Luu TU, Rahim MK, Haun JB, Liu WF. Macrophage secretion heterogeneity in engineered microenvironments revealed using a microwell platform. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:751-60. [PMID: 27291691 DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00053c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Secreted proteins play a major role in orchestrating the response of cell populations. However, a quantitative understanding of the dynamic changes in protein secretion in response to microenvironmental cues at the single cell level remains elusive. Measurements taken using traditional molecular techniques typically require bulk cultures, and therefore cannot capture the diversity within cell populations. Recent advances in chip-based technologies have shown that single cell measurements can provide important insights into the temporal dynamics of cellular activation and function, but these tools have had limited control of the adhesive cellular microenvironment. Here, we created a single cell cytokine detection platform that allows for controlled physical and adhesive microenvironment. We validated the platform by examining cytokine secretion of macrophages exposed to varying dosages of soluble stimulation and on different adhesive substrates. We also used the platform to demonstrate that cell shape affects single macrophage cytokine secretion. Together, these results show the ability of the microwell system to detect secreted cytokines from individual macrophages in controlled adhesive environments. This technique may be broadly applied to detect secreted products from any adherent cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Y McWhorter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, 2412 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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31
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Zhang Y, Tang Y, Sun S, Wang Z, Wu W, Zhao X, Czajkowsky DM, Li Y, Tian J, Xu L, Wei W, Deng Y, Shi Q. Single-cell codetection of metabolic activity, intracellular functional proteins, and genetic mutations from rare circulating tumor cells. Anal Chem 2016; 87:9761-8. [PMID: 26378744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The high glucose uptake and activation of oncogenic signaling pathways in cancer cells has long made these features, together with the mutational spectrum, prime diagnostic targets of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Further, an ability to characterize these properties at a single cell resolution is widely believed to be essential, as the known extensive heterogeneity in CTCs can obscure important correlations in data obtained from cell population-based methods. However, to date, it has not been possible to quantitatively measure metabolic, proteomic, and genetic data from a single CTC. Here we report a microchip-based approach that allows for the codetection of glucose uptake, intracellular functional proteins, and genetic mutations at the single-cell level from rare tumor cells. The microchip contains thousands of nanoliter grooves (nanowells) that isolate individual CTCs and allow for the assessment of their glucose uptake via imaging of a fluorescent glucose analog, quantification of a panel of intracellular signaling proteins using a miniaturized antibody barcode microarray, and retrieval of the individual cell nuclei for subsequent off-chip genome amplification and sequencing. This approach integrates molecular-scale information on the metabolic, proteomic, and genetic status of single cells and permits the inference of associations between genetic signatures, energy consumption, and phosphoproteins oncogenic signaling activities in CTCs isolated from blood samples of patients. Importantly, this microchip chip-based approach achieves this multidimensional molecular analysis with minimal cell loss (<20%), which is the bottleneck of the rare cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Tian
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ling Xu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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32
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Court CM, Ankeny JS, Sho S, Tomlinson JS. Circulating Tumor Cells in Gastrointestinal Cancer: Current Practices and Future Directions. Cancer Treat Res 2016; 168:345-376. [PMID: 29206383 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-34244-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
GI cancers are the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide primarily due to a combination of late presentation and aggressive biology. The lack of adequate biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, staging, and prognosis confounds clinical decision-making and delays potentially effective therapies. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a new biomarker with particular promise in GI cancers, potentially offering clinicians and researchers real-time access to tumor tissue in a reliable, safe, and cost-effective manner. Preliminary studies have investigated the potential clinical utility of CTCs for all GI cancer types with promising results. Furthermore, advances in single cell analytics have been successfully applied to CTCs, allowing for exciting new clinical and research applications. In this chapter, we will review the current state of CTC research in GI cancers as well as the potential future applications that are currently being developed.
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33
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Vlaeminck-Guillem V. When Prostate Cancer Circulates in the Bloodstream. Diagnostics (Basel) 2015; 5:428-74. [PMID: 26854164 PMCID: PMC4728468 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics5040428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of patients with prostate cancer is currently based on imperfect clinical, biological, radiological and pathological evaluation. Prostate cancer aggressiveness, including metastatic potential, remains difficult to accurately estimate. In an attempt to better adapt therapeutics to an individual (personalized medicine), reliable evaluation of the intrinsic molecular biology of the tumor is warranted, and particularly for all tumor sites (primary tumors and secondary sites) at any time of the disease progression. As a consequence of their natural tendency to grow (passive invasion) or as a consequence of an active blood vessel invasion by metastase-initiating cells, tumors shed various materials into the bloodstream. Major efforts have been recently made to develop powerful and accurate methods able to detect, quantify and/or analyze all these circulating tumor materials: circulating tumors cells, disseminating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles (including exosomes), nucleic acids, etc. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge about these circulating tumor materials and their applications in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Vlaeminck-Guillem
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, U1052 INSERM, CNRS 5286, Léon Bérard Centre, Lyon I University, 28 rue Laennec, Lyon 69008, France.
- Medical Unit of Molecular Oncology and Transfer, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon 69008, France.
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34
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De Vlieghere E, Verset L, Demetter P, Bracke M, De Wever O. Cancer-associated fibroblasts as target and tool in cancer therapeutics and diagnostics. Virchows Arch 2015; 467:367-82. [PMID: 26259962 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are drivers of tumour progression and are considered as a target and a tool in cancer diagnostic and therapeutic applications. An increased abundance of CAFs or CAF signatures are recognized as a bad prognostic marker in several cancer types. Tumour-environment biomimetics strongly improve our understanding of the communication between CAFs, cancer cells and other host cells. Several experimental drugs targeting CAFs are in clinical trials for multiple tumour entities; alternatively, CAFs can be exploited as a tool to characterize the functionality of circulating tumour cells or to capture them as a tool to prevent metastasis. The continuous interaction between tissue engineers, biomaterial experts and cancer researchers creates the possibility to biomimic the tumour-environment and provides new opportunities in cancer diagnostics and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly De Vlieghere
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurine Verset
- Departments of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter Demetter
- Departments of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Bracke
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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35
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Nanobiotechnology for the Therapeutic Targeting of Cancer Cells in Blood. Cell Mol Bioeng 2015; 8:137-150. [PMID: 25798204 PMCID: PMC4361771 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-015-0381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During metastasis, circulating tumor cells migrate away from a primary tumor via the blood circulation to form secondary tumors in distant organs. Mounting evidence from clinical observations indicates that the number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood correlates with the progression of solid tumors before and during chemotherapy. Beyond the well-established role of CTCs as a fluid biopsy, however, the field of targeting CTCs for the prevention or reduction of metastases has just emerged. Conventional cancer therapeutics have a relatively short circulation time in the blood which may render the killing of CTCs inefficient due to reduced exposure of CTCs to drugs. Nevertheless, over the past few decades, the development of nanoparticles and nanoformulations to improve the half-life and release profile of drugs in circulation has rejuvenated certain traditional medicines in the emerging field of CTC neutralization. This review focuses on how the principles of nanomedicine may be applied to target CTCs. Moreover, inspired by the interactions between CTCs and host cells in the blood circulation, novel biomimetic approaches for targeted drug delivery are presented.
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36
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Nanobiotechnology for the Therapeutic Targeting of Cancer Cells in Blood. Cell Mol Bioeng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12195-015-0378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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37
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Ilie M, Hofman V, Long E, Bordone O, Selva E, Washetine K, Marquette CH, Hofman P. Current challenges for detection of circulating tumor cells and cell-free circulating nucleic acids, and their characterization in non-small cell lung carcinoma patients. What is the best blood substrate for personalized medicine? ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2014; 2:107. [PMID: 25489581 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.08.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The practice of "liquid biopsy" as a diagnostic, prognostic and theranostic tool in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is an appealing approach, at least in theory, since it is noninvasive and easily repeated. In particular, this approach allows patient monitoring during treatment, as well as the detection of different genomic alterations that are potentially accessible to targeted therapy or are associated with treatment resistance. However, clinical routine practice is slow to adopt the liquid biopsy. Several reasons may explain this: (I) the vast number of methods described for potential detection of circulating biomarkers, without a consensus on the ideal technical approach; (II) the multiplicity of potential biomarkers for evaluation, in particular, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) vs. circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA); (III) the difficulty in controlling the pre-analytical phase to obtain robust and reproducible results; (IV) the present cost of the currently available techniques, which limits accessibility to patients; (V) the turnaround time required to obtain results that are incompatible with the urgent need for delivery of treatment. The purpose of this review is to describe the main advances in the field of CTC and ctDNA detection in NSCLC patients and to compare the main advantages and disadvantages of these two approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Ilie
- 1 INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284, Team 3, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Center, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France ; 2 Human Biobank, 3 Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France ; 4 Cancer Research Association (ARC) Labelled Team, Villejuif, France ; 5 Department of Pneumology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Véronique Hofman
- 1 INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284, Team 3, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Center, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France ; 2 Human Biobank, 3 Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France ; 4 Cancer Research Association (ARC) Labelled Team, Villejuif, France ; 5 Department of Pneumology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Elodie Long
- 1 INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284, Team 3, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Center, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France ; 2 Human Biobank, 3 Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France ; 4 Cancer Research Association (ARC) Labelled Team, Villejuif, France ; 5 Department of Pneumology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Olivier Bordone
- 1 INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284, Team 3, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Center, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France ; 2 Human Biobank, 3 Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France ; 4 Cancer Research Association (ARC) Labelled Team, Villejuif, France ; 5 Department of Pneumology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Eric Selva
- 1 INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284, Team 3, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Center, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France ; 2 Human Biobank, 3 Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France ; 4 Cancer Research Association (ARC) Labelled Team, Villejuif, France ; 5 Department of Pneumology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Kevin Washetine
- 1 INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284, Team 3, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Center, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France ; 2 Human Biobank, 3 Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France ; 4 Cancer Research Association (ARC) Labelled Team, Villejuif, France ; 5 Department of Pneumology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Charles Hugo Marquette
- 1 INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284, Team 3, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Center, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France ; 2 Human Biobank, 3 Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France ; 4 Cancer Research Association (ARC) Labelled Team, Villejuif, France ; 5 Department of Pneumology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- 1 INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284, Team 3, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Center, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France ; 2 Human Biobank, 3 Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France ; 4 Cancer Research Association (ARC) Labelled Team, Villejuif, France ; 5 Department of Pneumology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France
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