1
|
Richter F, Bindschedler S, Calonne-Salmon M, Declerck S, Junier P, Stanley CE. Fungi-on-a-Chip: microfluidic platforms for single-cell studies on fungi. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6674677. [PMID: 36001464 PMCID: PMC9779915 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights new advances in the emerging field of 'Fungi-on-a-Chip' microfluidics for single-cell studies on fungi and discusses several future frontiers, where we envisage microfluidic technology development to be instrumental in aiding our understanding of fungal biology. Fungi, with their enormous diversity, bear essential roles both in nature and our everyday lives. They inhabit a range of ecosystems, such as soil, where they are involved in organic matter degradation and bioremediation processes. More recently, fungi have been recognized as key components of the microbiome in other eukaryotes, such as humans, where they play a fundamental role not only in human pathogenesis, but also likely as commensals. In the food sector, fungi are used either directly or as fermenting agents and are often key players in the biotechnological industry, where they are responsible for the production of both bulk chemicals and antibiotics. Although the macroscopic fruiting bodies are immediately recognizable by most observers, the structure, function, and interactions of fungi with other microbes at the microscopic scale still remain largely hidden. Herein, we shed light on new advances in the emerging field of Fungi-on-a-Chip microfluidic technologies for single-cell studies on fungi. We discuss the development and application of microfluidic tools in the fields of medicine and biotechnology, as well as in-depth biological studies having significance for ecology and general natural processes. Finally, a future perspective is provided, highlighting new frontiers in which microfluidic technology can benefit this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Richter
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Saskia Bindschedler
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Maryline Calonne-Salmon
- Laboratory of Mycology, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- Laboratory of Mycology, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pilar Junier
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Claire E Stanley
- Corresponding author: Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rienzo M, Lin KC, Mobilia KC, Sackmann EK, Kurz V, Navidi AH, King J, Onorato RM, Chao LK, Wu T, Jiang H, Valley JK, Lionberger TA, Leavell MD. High-throughput optofluidic screening for improved microbial cell factories via real-time micron-scale productivity monitoring. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2901-2912. [PMID: 34160512 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00389e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The industrial synthetic biology sector has made huge investments to achieve relevant miniaturized screening systems for scalable fermentation. Here we present the first example of a high-throughput (>103 genotypes per week) perfusion-based screening system to improve small-molecule secretion from microbial strains. Using the Berkeley Lights Beacon® system, the productivity of each strain could be directly monitored in real time during continuous culture, yielding phenotypes that correlated strongly (r2 > 0.8, p < 0.0005) with behavior in industrially relevant bioreactor processes. This method allows a much closer approximation of a typical fed-batch fermentation than conventional batch-like droplet or microplate culture models, in addition to rich time-dependent data on growth and productivity. We demonstrate these advantages by application to the improvement of high-productivity strains using whole-genome random mutagenesis, yielding mutants with substantially improved (by up to 85%) peak specific productivities in bioreactors. Each screen of ∼5 × 103 mutants could be completed in under 8 days (including 5 days involving user intervention), saving ∼50-75% of the time required for conventional microplate-based screening methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Rienzo
- Research and Development, Amyris, Inc., 5885 Hollis St., Suite 100, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
| | - Ke-Chih Lin
- Technology and Business Development, Berkeley Lights, Inc., 5858 Horton St., Unit 320, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
| | - Kellen C Mobilia
- Technology and Business Development, Berkeley Lights, Inc., 5858 Horton St., Unit 320, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
| | - Eric K Sackmann
- Technology and Business Development, Berkeley Lights, Inc., 5858 Horton St., Unit 320, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
| | - Volker Kurz
- Technology and Business Development, Berkeley Lights, Inc., 5858 Horton St., Unit 320, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
| | - Adam H Navidi
- Research and Development, Amyris, Inc., 5885 Hollis St., Suite 100, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
| | - Jarett King
- Research and Development, Amyris, Inc., 5885 Hollis St., Suite 100, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
| | - Robert M Onorato
- Technology and Business Development, Berkeley Lights, Inc., 5858 Horton St., Unit 320, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
| | - Lawrence K Chao
- Research and Development, Amyris, Inc., 5885 Hollis St., Suite 100, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
| | - Tony Wu
- Research and Development, Amyris, Inc., 5885 Hollis St., Suite 100, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
| | - Hanxiao Jiang
- Research and Development, Amyris, Inc., 5885 Hollis St., Suite 100, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
| | - Justin K Valley
- Research and Development, Amyris, Inc., 5885 Hollis St., Suite 100, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
| | - Troy A Lionberger
- Technology and Business Development, Berkeley Lights, Inc., 5858 Horton St., Unit 320, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
| | - Michael D Leavell
- Research and Development, Amyris, Inc., 5885 Hollis St., Suite 100, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Optimization of PTFE Coating on PDMS Surfaces for Inhibition of Hydrophobic Molecule Absorption for Increased Optical Detection Sensitivity. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21051754. [PMID: 33806281 PMCID: PMC7961674 DOI: 10.3390/s21051754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a polymer widely used for fabrication and prototyping of microfluidic chips. The porous matrix structure of PDMS allows small hydrophobic molecules including some fluorescent dyes to be readily absorbed to PDMS and results in high fluorescent background signals, thereby significantly decreasing the optical detection sensitivity. This makes it challenging to accurately detect the fluorescent signals from samples using PDMS devices. Here, we have utilized polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to inhibit absorption of hydrophobic small molecules on PDMS. Nile red was used to analyze the effectiveness of the inhibition and the absorbed fluorescence intensities for 3% and 6% PTFE coating (7.7 ± 1.0 and 6.6 ± 0.2) was twofold lower compared to 1% and 2% PTFE coating results (17.2 ± 0.5 and 15.4 ± 0.5). When compared to the control (55.3 ± 1.6), it was sevenfold lower in background fluorescent intensity. Furthermore, we validated the optimized PTFE coating condition using a PDMS bioreactor capable of locally stimulating cells during culture to quantitatively analyze the lipid production using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-125. Three percent PTFE coating was selected as the optimal concentration as there was no significant difference between 3% and 6% PTFE coating. Intracellular lipid contents of the cells were successfully stained with Nile Red inside the bioreactor and 3% PTFE coating successfully minimized the background fluorescence noise, allowing strong optical lipid signal to be detected within the PDMS bioreactor comparable to that of off-chip, less than 1% difference.
Collapse
|
4
|
Achinas S, Heins JI, Krooneman J, Euverink GJW. Miniaturization and 3D Printing of Bioreactors: A Technological Mini Review. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11090853. [PMID: 32937842 PMCID: PMC7570152 DOI: 10.3390/mi11090853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many articles have been published on scale-down concepts as well as additive manufacturing techniques. However, information is scarce when miniaturization and 3D printing are applied in the fabrication of bioreactor systems. Therefore, garnering information for the interfaces between miniaturization and 3D printing becomes important and essential. The first goal is to examine the miniaturization aspects concerning bioreactor screening systems. The second goal is to review successful modalities of 3D printing and its applications in bioreactor manufacturing. This paper intends to provide information on anaerobic digestion process intensification by fusion of miniaturization technique and 3D printing technology. In particular, it gives a perspective on the challenges of 3D printing and the options of miniature bioreactor systems for process high-throughput screening.
Collapse
|
5
|
Maitra N, He C, Blank HM, Tsuchiya M, Schilling B, Kaeberlein M, Aramayo R, Kennedy BK, Polymenis M. Translational control of one-carbon metabolism underpins ribosomal protein phenotypes in cell division and longevity. eLife 2020; 9:53127. [PMID: 32432546 PMCID: PMC7263821 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-standing problem is how cells that lack one of the highly similar ribosomal proteins (RPs) often display distinct phenotypes. Yeast and other organisms live longer when they lack specific ribosomal proteins, especially of the large 60S subunit of the ribosome. However, longevity is neither associated with the generation time of RP deletion mutants nor with bulk inhibition of protein synthesis. Here, we queried actively dividing RP mutants through the cell cycle. Our data link transcriptional, translational, and metabolic changes to phenotypes associated with the loss of paralogous RPs. We uncovered translational control of transcripts encoding enzymes of methionine and serine metabolism, which are part of one-carbon (1C) pathways. Cells lacking Rpl22Ap, which are long-lived, have lower levels of metabolites associated with 1C metabolism. Loss of 1C enzymes increased the longevity of wild type cells. 1C pathways exist in all organisms and targeting the relevant enzymes could represent longevity interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nairita Maitra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
| | - Chong He
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States
| | - Heidi M Blank
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
| | - Mitsuhiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | | | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Rodolfo Aramayo
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States.,Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Polymenis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yao J, Kim HS, Kim JY, Choi YE, Park J. Mechanical stress induced astaxanthin accumulation of H. pluvialis on a chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:647-654. [PMID: 31930234 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01030k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been envisioned as a source of food, feed, health nutraceuticals, and cosmetics. Among various microalgae, Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis) is known to be the richest feedstock of natural astaxanthin. Astaxanthin is a highly effective antioxidation material and is being widely used in aquaculture, nutraceuticals, pharmacology, and feed industries. Here, we present a microfluidic chip consisting of a micropillar array and six sets of culture chambers, which enables sorting of motile flagellated vegetative stage H. pluvialis (15-20 μm) from cyst stage H. pluvialis as well as culture of the selected cells under a mechanically stressed microenvironment. The micropillar array successfully sorted only the motile early vegetative stage cells (avg. size = 19.8 ± 1.6 μm), where these sorted cells were uniformly loaded inside each culture chamber (229 ± 39 cells per chamber). The mechanical stress level applied to the cells was controlled by designing the culture chambers with different heights (5-70 μm). Raman analysis results revealed that the mechanical stress indeed induced the accumulation of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis. Also, the most effective chamber height enhancing the astaxanthin accumulation (i.e., 15 μm) was successfully screened using the developed chip. Approximately 9 times more astaxanthin accumulation was detected after 7 days of culture compared to the no mechanical stress condition. The results clearly demonstrate the capability of the developed chip to investigate bioactive metabolite accumulation of microalgae induced by mechanical stress, where the amount was quantitatively analyzed in a label-free manner. We believe that the developed chip has great potential for studying the effects of mechanical stress on not only H. pluvialis but also various microalgal species in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Yao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu Research Center for Medical Devices and Rehabilitation, Daegu 42994, South Korea
| | - Jee Young Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| | - Yoon-E Choi
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| | - Jaewon Park
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Paik SM, Sim SJ, Jeon NL. Microfluidic perfusion bioreactor for optimization of microalgal lipid productivity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 233:433-437. [PMID: 28279610 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient deprivation in a batch process induces microbes to produce secondary metabolites while drastically constraining cellular growth. A microfluidic continuous perfusion system was designed and tested to culture microalgae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, under constant nutrient concentration slightly lower than normal condition. When cultured in 7.5%/7.5% of NH4+/PO42-, C. reinhardtii showed a 2.4-fold increase in TAG production with a 3.5-fold increase in biomass compared to level obtained under an only NH4+ depleted condition. The microfluidic continuous perfusion bioreactor with steady continuous nutrient flow can be used to optimize conditions for enhancing secondary metabolite production and increasing microbial biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Paik
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02846, Republic of Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Advanced Mechanics and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Roggo C, van der Meer JR. Miniaturized and integrated whole cell living bacterial sensors in field applicable autonomous devices. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 45:24-33. [PMID: 28088093 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Live-cell based bioreporters are increasingly being deployed in microstructures, which facilitates their handling and permits the development of instruments that could perform autonomous environmental monitoring. Here we review recent developments of on-chip integration of live-cell bioreporters, the coupling of their reporter signal to the devices, their longer term preservation and multi-analyte capacity. We show examples of instruments that have attempted to fully integrate bioreporters as their sensing elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Roggo
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jo MC, Qin L. Microfluidic Platforms for Yeast-Based Aging Studies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:5787-5801. [PMID: 27717149 PMCID: PMC5554731 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been a powerful model for the study of aging and has enabled significant contributions to our understanding of basic mechanisms of aging in eukaryotic cells. However, the laborious low-throughput nature of conventional methods of performing aging assays limits the pace of discoveries in this field. Some of the technical challenges of conventional aging assay methods can be overcome by use of microfluidic systems coupled to time-lapse microscopy. One of the major advantages is the ability of a microfluidic system to perform long-term cell culture under well-defined environmental conditions while tracking individual yeast. Here, recent advancements in microfluidic platforms for various yeast-based studies including replicative lifespan assay, long-term culture and imaging, gene expression, and cell signaling are discussed. In addition, emerging problems and limitations of current microfluidic approaches are examined and perspectives on the future development of this dynamic field are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Chan Jo
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lidong Qin
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang YT, Wang CY. Review of Microfluidic Photobioreactor Technology for Metabolic Engineering and Synthetic Biology of Cyanobacteria and Microalgae. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:mi7100185. [PMID: 30404358 PMCID: PMC6190437 DOI: 10.3390/mi7100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One goal of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for cyanobacteria and microalgae is to engineer strains that can optimally produce biofuels and commodity chemicals. However, the current workflow is slow and labor intensive with respect to assembly of genetic parts and characterization of production yields because of the slow growth rates of these organisms. Here, we review recent progress in the microfluidic photobioreactors and identify opportunities and unmet needs in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. Because of the unprecedented experimental resolution down to the single cell level, long-term real-time monitoring capability, and high throughput with low cost, microfluidic photobioreactor technology will be an indispensible tool to speed up the development process, advance fundamental knowledge, and realize the full potential of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for cyanobacteria and microalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Tang Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Chun Ying Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Krull R, Peterat G. Analysis of reaction kinetics during chemostat cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a multiphase microreactor. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
12
|
Gu GY, Lee YW, Chiang CC, Yang YT. A nanoliter microfluidic serial dilution bioreactor. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:044126. [PMID: 26392828 PMCID: PMC4560721 DOI: 10.1063/1.4929946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial culture is a basic technique in both fundamental and applied microbiology. The excessive reagent consumption and laborious maintenance of bulk bioreactors for microbial culture have prompted the development of miniaturized on-chip bioreactors. With the minimal choice of two compartments (N = 2) and discrete time, periodic dilution steps, we realize a microfluidic bioreactor that mimics macroscopic serial dilution transfer culture. This device supports automated, long-term microbial cultures with a nanoliter-scale working volume and real-time monitoring of microbial populations at single-cell resolution. Because of the high surface-to-volume ratio, the device also operates as an effective biofilm-flow reactor to support cogrowth of planktonic and biofilm populations. We expect that such devices will open opportunities in many fields of microbiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yue Gu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Chiang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Tang Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Peterat G, Lladó Maldonado S, Edlich A, Rasch D, Dietzel A, Krull R. Bioreaktionstechnik in mikrofluidischen Reaktoren. CHEM-ING-TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201400176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
14
|
Ahmed D, Muddana HS, Lu M, French JB, Ozcelik A, Fang Y, Butler PJ, Benkovic SJ, Manz A, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic chemical waveform generator and switch. Anal Chem 2014; 86:11803-10. [PMID: 25405550 PMCID: PMC4255676 DOI: 10.1021/ac5033676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Eliciting a cellular response to a changing chemical microenvironment is central to many biological processes including gene expression, cell migration, differentiation, apoptosis, and intercellular signaling. The nature and scope of the response is highly dependent upon the spatiotemporal characteristics of the stimulus. To date, studies that investigate this phenomenon have been limited to digital (or step) chemical stimulation with little control over the temporal counterparts. Here, we demonstrate an acoustofluidic (i.e., fusion of acoustics and microfluidics) approach for generating programmable chemical waveforms that permits continuous modulation of the signal characteristics including the amplitude (i.e., sample concentration), shape, frequency, and duty cycle, with frequencies reaching up to 30 Hz. Furthermore, we show fast switching between multiple distinct stimuli, wherein the waveform of each stimulus is independently controlled. Using our device, we characterized the frequency-dependent activation and internalization of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), a prototypic G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), using epinephrine. The acoustofluidic-based programmable chemical waveform generation and switching method presented herein is expected to be a powerful tool for the investigation and characterization of the kinetics and other dynamic properties of many biological and biochemical processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ahmed
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, ‡Biomedical Engineering, §Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Peterat G, Schmolke H, Lorenz T, Llobera A, Rasch D, Al-Halhouli AT, Dietzel A, Büttgenbach S, Klages CP, Krull R. Characterization of oxygen transfer in vertical microbubble columns for aerobic biotechnological processes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:1809-19. [PMID: 24810358 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the applicability of a microtechnologically fabricated microbubble column as a screening tool for submerged aerobic cultivation. Bubbles in the range of a few hundred micrometers in diameter were generated at the bottom of an upright-positioned microdevice. The rising bubbles induced the circulation of the liquid and thus enhanced mixing by reducing the diffusion distances and preventing cells from sedimentation. Two differently sized nozzles (21 × 40 µm(2) and 53 × 40 µm(2) in cross-section) were tested. The gas flow rates were adjustable, and the resulting bubble sizes and gas holdups were investigated by image analysis. The microdevice features sensor elements for the real-time online monitoring of optical density and dissolved oxygen. The active aeration of the microdevice allowed for a flexible oxygen supply with mass transfer rates of up to 0.14 s(-1). Slightly higher oxygen mass transfer rates and a better degassing were found for the microbubble column equipped with the smaller nozzle. To validate the applicability of the microbubble column for aerobic submerged cultivation processes, batch cultivations of the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae were performed, and the specific growth rate, oxygen uptake rate, and yield coefficient were investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gena Peterat
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Long Q, Liu X, Yang Y, Li L, Harvey L, McNeil B, Bai Z. The development and application of high throughput cultivation technology in bioprocess development. J Biotechnol 2014; 192 Pt B:323-38. [PMID: 24698846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on recent progress in the technology of high throughput (HTP) cultivation and its increasing application in quality by design (QbD) -driven bioprocess development. Several practical HTP strategies aimed at shortening process development (PD) timelines from DNA to large scale processes involving commercially available HTP technology platforms, including microtiter plate (MTP) culture, micro-scale bioreactors, and in parallel fermentation systems, etc., are critically reviewed in detail. This discussion focuses upon the relative strengths and weaknesses or limitations of each of these platforms in this context. Emerging prototypes of micro-bioreactors reported recently, such as milliliter (mL) scale stirred tank bioreactors, and microfludics integrated micro-scale bioreactors, and their potential for practical application in QbD-driven HTP process development are also critically appraised. The overall aim of such technology is to rapidly gain process insights, and since the analytical technology deployed in HTP systems is critically important to the achievement of this aim, this rapidly developing area is discussed. Finally, general future trends are critically reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Long
- Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Yankun Yang
- Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Lu Li
- Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | | | | | - Zhonghu Bai
- Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|