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Li M, Zhang X. Nanostructure-Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Techniques for Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues Screening. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:194-205. [PMID: 32939593 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02989-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide and veterinary drug residues in food and environment pose a threat to human health, and a rapid, super-sensitive, accurate and cost-effective analysis technique is therefore highly required to overcome the disadvantages of conventional techniques based on mass spectrometry. Recently, the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique emerges as a potential promising analytical tool for rapid, sensitive and selective detections of environmental pollutants, mostly owing to its possible simplified sample pretreatment, gigantic detectable signal amplification and quick target analyte identification via finger-printing SERS spectra. So theoretically the SERS detection technology has inherent advantages over other competitors especially in complex environmental matrices. The progress in nanostructure SERS substrates and portable Raman appliances will promote this novel detection technology to play an important role in future rapid on-site assay. This paper reviews the advances in nanostructure-based SERS substrates, sensors and relevant portable integrated systems for environmental analysis, highlights the potential applications in the detections of synthetic chemicals such as pesticide and veterinary drug residues, and also discusses the challenges of SERS detection technique for actual environmental monitoring in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Microfluidics-Based Plasmonic Biosensing System Based on Patterned Plasmonic Nanostructure Arrays. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12070826. [PMID: 34357236 PMCID: PMC8303257 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to summarize the recent advances and progress of plasmonic biosensors based on patterned plasmonic nanostructure arrays that are integrated with microfluidic chips for various biomedical detection applications. The plasmonic biosensors have made rapid progress in miniaturization sensors with greatly enhanced performance through the continuous advances in plasmon resonance techniques such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized SPR (LSPR)-based refractive index sensing, SPR imaging (SPRi), and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Meanwhile, microfluidic integration promotes multiplexing opportunities for the plasmonic biosensors in the simultaneous detection of multiple analytes. Particularly, different types of microfluidic-integrated plasmonic biosensor systems based on versatile patterned plasmonic nanostructured arrays were reviewed comprehensively, including their methods and relevant typical works. The microfluidics-based plasmonic biosensors provide a high-throughput platform for the biochemical molecular analysis with the advantages such as ultra-high sensitivity, label-free, and real time performance; thus, they continue to benefit the existing and emerging applications of biomedical studies, chemical analyses, and point-of-care diagnostics.
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Gas Sensors Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances: Synthesis of Oxide Films with Embedded Metal Nanoparticles, Theory and Simulation, and Sensitivity Enhancement Strategies. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11125388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a comprehensive review on gas sensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon, including the theory of LSPR, the synthesis of nanoparticle-embedded oxide thin films, and strategies to enhance the sensitivity of these optical sensors, supported by simulations of the electromagnetic properties. The LSPR phenomenon is known to be responsible for the unique colour effects observed in the ancient Roman Lycurgus Cup and at the windows of the medieval cathedrals. In both cases, the optical effects result from the interaction of the visible light (scattering and absorption) with the conduction band electrons of noble metal nanoparticles (gold, silver, and gold–silver alloys). These nanoparticles are dispersed in a dielectric matrix with a relatively high refractive index in order to push the resonance to the visible spectral range. At the same time, they have to be located at the surface to make LSPR sensitive to changes in the local dielectric environment, the property that is very attractive for sensing applications. Hence, an overview of gas sensors is presented, including electronic-nose systems, followed by a description of the surface plasmons that arise in noble metal thin films and nanoparticles. Afterwards, metal oxides are explored as robust and sensitive materials to host nanoparticles, followed by preparation methods of nanocomposite plasmonic thin films with sustainable techniques. Finally, several optical properties simulation methods are described, and the optical LSPR sensitivity of gold nanoparticles with different shapes, sensing volumes, and surroundings is calculated using the discrete dipole approximation method.
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Xia L, Li G. Recent progress of microfluidics in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1752-1768. [PMID: 33630352 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a significant analytical tool capable of fingerprint identification of molecule in a rapid and ultrasensitive manner. However, it is still hard to meet the requirements of practical sample analysis. The introduction of microfluidics can effectively enhance the performance of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in complex sample analysis including reproducibility, selectivity, sensitivity, and speed. This review summarizes the recent progress of microfluidics in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis through four combination approaches. First, microfluidic synthetic techniques offer uniform nano-/microparticle fabrication approaches for reproductive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis. Second, the integration of microchip and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic substrate provides advanced devices for sensitive and efficient detection. Third, microfluidic sample preparations enable rapid separation and preconcentration of analyte prior to surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic detection. Fourth, highly integrated microfluidic devices can be employed to realize multistep surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis containing material fabrication, sample preparation, and detection processes. Furthermore, the challenges and outlooks of the application of microfluidics in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Wang Y, Li Q, Shi H, Tang K, Qiao L, Yu G, Ding C, Yu S. Microfluidic Raman biochip detection of exosomes: a promising tool for prostate cancer diagnosis. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:4632-4637. [PMID: 33169756 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00677g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes, which contain RNA, DNA, and proteins, are a potentially rich non-invasive source of biomarkers. However, no efficient isolation or detection methods are yet available. Here, we developed a microfluidic Raman biochip designed to isolate and analyze exosomes in situ. Anti-CD63 magnetic nanoparticles were used to enrich exosomes through mixing channels of a staggered triangular pillar array. EpCAM-functionalized Raman-active polymeric nanomaterials (Raman beads) allow rapid analysis of exosome samples within 1 h, with a quantitative signal at 2230 cm-1. The limit of detection of this biochip approaches 1.6 × 102 particles per mL with 20 μL samples. The newly developed biochip assay was successfully applied in the determination of exosomes from clinical serum samples. Thus, this novel device may have potential as a clinical exosome analysis tool for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Qiaoyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Haimei Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Keqi Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Guopeng Yu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Chuanfan Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Shaoning Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China. and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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Zhang Z, Pan J, Tang Y, Xu Y, Zhang L, Gong Y, Tong L. Optical micro/nanofibre embedded soft film enables multifunctional flow sensing in microfluidic chips. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2572-2579. [PMID: 32573608 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00178c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic chips have been proven to be a powerful technical platform for chemical synthesis, biomedical research, and optofluidic devices. Here, we report a smart microfluidic chip (SMC) with multiple functionality to sense the status or incidents occurring on chip. The SMC is enabled by a soft, flexible and attachable film embedded with optical micro/nanofibres (MNFs), which is highly compatible with microfluidic chips fabricated by lithography. Based on the transition from guided modes to radiation modes of the MNFs, simultaneous flow rate detection in multiple channels is demonstrated on a SMC with high sensitivity. The MNF-enabled SMC is also capable of monitoring the transportation and morphology of microfluidic droplets with fast response. In addition, real-time counting of the magnetic droplets is performed to verify the SMC's anti-electromagnetic interference ability. This SMC is unique and may play an important role in microreactors, droplet microfluidics and optofluidic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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Cai H, Liu H, Ni T, Pan Y, Zhao Y, Zhu Y. Controlled Synthesis of Pt Doped SnO 2 Mesoporous Hollow Nanospheres for Highly Selective and Rapidly Detection of 3-Hydroxy-2-Butanone Biomarker. Front Chem 2019; 7:843. [PMID: 31867308 PMCID: PMC6904309 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) has been recognized as one of the extremely hazardous and potentially life-threatening food-borne pathogens, its real-time monitoring is of great importance to human health. Herein, a simple and effective method based on platinum sensitized tin dioxide semiconductor gas sensors has been proposed for selective and rapid detection of L. monocytogenes. Pt doped SnO2 nanospheres with particular mesoporous hollow structure have been synthesized successfully through a robust and template-free approach and used for the detection of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone biomarker of L. monocytogenes. The steady crystal structure, unique micromorphology, good monodispersit, and large specific surface area of the obtained materials have been confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Photoluminescence spectra (PL). Pt doped SnO2 mesoporous hollow nanosphere sensors reach the maximum response of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone at 250°C. Remarkably, sensors based on SnO2 mesoporous hollow nanospheres with 0.16 wt% Pt dopant exhibit excellent sensitivity (Rair/Rgas = 48.69) and short response/recovery time (11/20 s, respectively) to 10 ppm 3-hydroxy-2-butanone at the optimum working temperature. Moreover, 0.16 wt% Pt doped SnO2 gas sensors also present particularly low limit of detection (LOD = 0.5 ppm), superb long-term stability and prominent selectivity to 3-hydroxy-2-butanone. Such a gas sensor with high sensing performance foresees its tremendous application prospects for accurate and efficient detection of foodborne pathogens for the food security and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Cai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiquan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianjun Ni
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yingjie Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongheng Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
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Zhang X, Zhang H, Yan S, Zeng Z, Huang A, Liu A, Yuan Y, Huang Y. Organic Molecule Detection Based on SERS in Microfluidics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17634. [PMID: 31776350 PMCID: PMC6881339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive in situ detection of organic molecules is highly demanded in environmental monitoring. In this work, the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is adopted in microfluidics to detect the organic molecules with high accuracy and high sensitivity. Here the SERS substrate in microchannel consists of Ag nanoparticles synthesized by chemical reduction. The data indicates the fabrication conditions have great influence on the sizes and distributions of Ag nanoparticles, which play an important role on the SERS enhancement. This result is further confirmed by the simulation of electromagnetic field distributions based on finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. Furthermore, the SERS spectra of organic molecule (methylene blue) obtained in this plasmonic microfluidic system exhibit good reproducibility with high sensitivity. By a combination of SERS and microfluidics, our work not only explores the research field of plasmonics but also has broad application prospects in environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.,Chongqing Environment & Sanitation Group Co., LTO, Chongqing, 401121, China.,Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Sheng Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zugang Zeng
- Chongqing Environment & Sanitation Group Co., LTO, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Anshou Huang
- Chongqing Environment & Sanitation Group Co., LTO, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Anping Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Yingzhou Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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MacKenzie M, Chi H, Varma M, Pal P, Kar A, Paterson L. Femtosecond laser fabrication of silver nanostructures on glass for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17058. [PMID: 31745117 PMCID: PMC6864074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on an optimized fabrication protocol for obtaining silver nanoparticles on fused silica substrates via laser photoreduction of a silver salt solution. We find that multiple scans of the laser over the surface leads to a more uniform coverage of densely packed silver nanoparticles of approximately 50 nm diameter on the fused silica surface. Our substrates yield Raman enhancement factors of the order of 1011 of the signal detected from crystal violet. We use a theoretical model based on scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of our substrates to explain our experimental results. We also demonstrate how our technique can be extended to embedding silver nanoparticles in buried microfluidic channels in glass. The in situ laser inscription of silver nanoparticles on a laser machined, sub-surface, microfluidic channel wall within bulk glass paves the way for developing 3D, monolithic, fused silica surface enhance Raman spectroscopy (SERS) microfluidic sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark MacKenzie
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Haonan Chi
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Manoj Varma
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering (CeNSE), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Parama Pal
- TCS Research and Innovation, Tata Consultancy Services, Bangalore, India
| | - Ajoy Kar
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Lynn Paterson
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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Kant K, Abalde-Cela S. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy and Microfluidics: Towards Ultrasensitive Label-Free Sensing. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2018; 8:bios8030062. [PMID: 29966248 PMCID: PMC6163938 DOI: 10.3390/bios8030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Raman scattering and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy have demonstrated their potential as ultrasensitive detection techniques in the past decades. Specifically, and as a result of the flourishing of nanotechnology, SERS is nowadays one of the most powerful sensing techniques, not only because of the low detection limits that it can achieve, but also for the structural information that it offers and its capability of multiplexing. Similarly, microfluidics technology is having an increased presence not only in fundamental research, but also in the industry. The latter is because of the intrinsic characteristics of microfluidics, being automation, high-throughput, and miniaturization. However, despite miniaturization being an advantage, it comes together with the need to use ultrasensitive techniques for the interrogation of events happening in extremely small volumes. The combination of SERS with microfluidics can overcome bottlenecks present in both technologies. As a consequence, the integration of Raman and SERS in microfluidics is being investigated for the label-free biosensing of relevant research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kant
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avda Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Sara Abalde-Cela
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avda Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal.
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Wu Y, Jiang Y, Zheng X, Jia S, Zhu Z, Ren B, Ma H. Facile fabrication of microfluidic surface-enhanced Raman scattering devices via lift-up lithography. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:172034. [PMID: 29765657 PMCID: PMC5936922 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We describe a facile and low-cost approach for a flexibly integrated surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate in microfluidic chips. Briefly, a SERS substrate was fabricated by the electrostatic assembling of gold nanoparticles, and shaped into designed patterns by subsequent lift-up soft lithography. The SERS micro-pattern could be further integrated within microfluidic channels conveniently. The resulting microfluidic SERS chip allowed ultrasensitive in situ SERS monitoring from the transparent glass window. With its advantages in simplicity, functionality and cost-effectiveness, this method could be readily expanded into optical microfluidic fabrication for biochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzi Wu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Jiang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry of Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry of Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry of Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry of Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
- Authors for correspondence: Bin Ren e-mail:
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215125, People's Republic of China
- Authors for correspondence: Hongwei Ma e-mail:
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12
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Lee CW, Tseng FG. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based biomicrofluidics systems for trace protein analysis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:011502. [PMID: 29430272 PMCID: PMC5780278 DOI: 10.1063/1.5012909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) has been widely applied to many different areas, including chemical analysis, biomolecule detection, bioagent diagnostics, DNA sequence, and environmental monitor, due to its capabilities of unlabeled fingerprint identification, high sensitivity, and rapid detection. In biomicrofluidic systems, it is also very powerful to integrate SERS based devices with specified micro-fluid flow fields to further focusing/enhancing/multiplexing SERS signals through molecule registration, concentration/accumulation, and allocation. In this review, after a brief introduction of the mechanism of SERS detection on proteins, we will first focus on the effectiveness of different nanostructures for SERS enhancement and light-to-heat conversion in trace protein analysis. Various protein molecule accumulation schemes by either (bio-)chemical or physical ways, such as immuno, electrochemical, Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and magnetic, will then be reviewed for further SERS signal amplification. The analytical and repeatability/stability issues of SERS detection on proteins will also be brought up for possible solutions. Then, the comparison about various ways employing microfluidic systems to register, concentrate, and enhance the signals of SERS and reduce the background noise by active or passive means to manipulate SERS nanostructures and protein molecules will be elaborated. Finally, we will carry on the discussion on the challenges and opportunities by introducing SERS into biomicrofluidic systems and their potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Lee
- Department of Engineering and System, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Lab-on-Chip, Surface-Enhanced Raman Analysis by Aerosol Jet Printing and Roll-to-Roll Hot Embossing. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17102401. [PMID: 29053610 PMCID: PMC5677385 DOI: 10.3390/s17102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combines the high specificity of Raman scattering with high sensitivity due to an enhancement of the electromagnetic field by metallic nanostructures. However, the tyical fabrication methods of SERS substrates suffer from low throughput and therefore high costs. Furthermore, point-of-care applications require the investigation of liquid solutions and thus the integration of the SERS substrate in a microfluidic chip. We present a roll-to-roll fabrication approach for microfluidics with integrated, highly efficient, surface-enhanced Raman scattering structures. Microfluidic channels are formed using roll-to-roll hot embossing in polystyrene foil. Aerosol jet printing of a gold nanoparticle ink is utilized to manufacture highly efficient, homogeneous, and reproducible SERS structures. The modified channels are sealed with a solvent-free, roll-to-roll, thermal bonding process. In continuous flow measurements, these chips overcome time-consuming incubation protocols and the poor reproducibility of SERS experiments often caused by inhomogeneous drying of the analyte. In the present study, we explore the influence of the printing process on the homogeneity and the enhancement of the SERS structures. The feasibility of aerosol-jet-modified microfluidic channels for highly sensitive SERS detection is demonstrated by using solutions with different concentrations of Rhodamine 6G and adenosine. The printed areas provide homogeneous enhancement factors of ~4 × 106. Our work shows a way towards the low-cost production of tailor-made, SERS-enabled, label-free, lab-on- chip systems for bioanalysis.
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Yan W, Yang L, Chen J, Wu Y, Wang P, Li Z. In Situ Two-Step Photoreduced SERS Materials for On-Chip Single-Molecule Spectroscopy with High Reproducibility. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1702893. [PMID: 28718979 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201702893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A method is developed to synthesize surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) materials capable of single-molecule detection, integrated with a microfluidic system. Using a focused laser, silver nanoparticle aggregates as SERS monitors are fabricated in a microfluidic channel through photochemical reduction. After washing out the monitor, the aggregates are irradiated again by the same laser. This key step leads to full reduction of the residual reactants, which generates numerous small silver nanoparticles on the former nanoaggregates. Consequently, the enhancement ability of the SERS monitor is greatly boosted due to the emergence of new "hot spots." At the same time, the influence of the notorious "memory effect" in microfluidics is substantially suppressed due to the depletion of surface residues. Taking these advantages, two-step photoreduced SERS materials are able to detect different types of molecules with the concentration down to 10-13 m. Based on a well-accepted bianalyte approach, it is proved that the detection limit reaches the single-molecule level. From a practical point of view, the detection reproducibility at different probing concentrations is also investigated. It is found that the effective single-molecule SERS measurements can be raised up to ≈50%. This microfluidic SERS with high reproducibility and ultrasensitivity will find promising applications in on-chip single-molecule spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yan
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Longkun Yang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Wu
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Peijie Wang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
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15
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Bates KE, Lu H. Optics-Integrated Microfluidic Platforms for Biomolecular Analyses. Biophys J 2017; 110:1684-1697. [PMID: 27119629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared with conventional optical methods, optics implemented on microfluidic chips provide small, and often much cheaper ways to interrogate biological systems from the level of single molecules up to small model organisms. The optical probing of single molecules has been used to investigate the mechanical properties of individual biological molecules; however, multiplexing of these measurements through microfluidics and nanofluidics confers many analytical advantages. Optics-integrated microfluidic systems can significantly simplify sample processing and allow a more user-friendly experience; alignments of on-chip optical components are predetermined during fabrication and many purely optical techniques are passively controlled. Furthermore, sample loss from complicated preparation and fluid transfer steps can be virtually eliminated, a particularly important attribute for biological molecules at very low concentrations. Excellent fluid handling and high surface area/volume ratios also contribute to faster detection times for low abundance molecules in small sample volumes. Although integration of optical systems with classical microfluidic analysis techniques has been limited, microfluidics offers a ready platform for interrogation of biophysical properties. By exploiting the ease with which fluids and particles can be precisely and dynamically controlled in microfluidic devices, optical sensors capable of unique imaging modes, single molecule manipulation, and detection of minute changes in concentration of an analyte are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Bates
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hang Lu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.
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16
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Tycova A, Prikryl J, Foret F. Recent strategies toward microfluidic-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1977-1987. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tycova
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS; v. v. i.; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prikryl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS; v. v. i.; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Foret
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS; v. v. i.; Brno Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
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17
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Martin JW, Nieuwoudt MK, Vargas MJT, Bodley OLC, Yohendiran TS, Oosterbeek RN, Williams DE, Cather Simpson M. Raman on a disc: high-quality Raman spectroscopy in an open channel on a centrifugal microfluidic disc. Analyst 2017; 142:1682-1688. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00874g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Novel open-channel centrifugal microfluidic disc design affords measurement of high quality Raman spectra of milk for detecting adulterants at point-of-collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. W. Martin
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
- The Photon Factory
| | - M. K. Nieuwoudt
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
- The Photon Factory
| | - M. J. T. Vargas
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
- The Photon Factory
| | - O. L. C. Bodley
- The Photon Factory
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | - T. S. Yohendiran
- The Photon Factory
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | - R. N. Oosterbeek
- The Photon Factory
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | - D. E. Williams
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | - M. Cather Simpson
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
- The Photon Factory
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18
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Yan Y, Zhang J, Xu P, Miao P. Fabrication of arrayed triangular micro-cavities for SERS substrates using the force modulated indention process. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28875h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the tip-based continuous indentation process, a novel method for the fabrication of periodic arrayed triangular micro-cavities on copper (Cu) surface is presented as SERS substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongda Yan
- The State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems
- Robotics Institute
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080
- P. R. China
| | - Jingran Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems
- Robotics Institute
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Peng Miao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
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19
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Jahn IJ, Žukovskaja O, Zheng XS, Weber K, Bocklitz TW, Cialla-May D, Popp J. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and microfluidic platforms: challenges, solutions and potential applications. Analyst 2017; 142:1022-1047. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00118e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The review provides an overview of the development in the field of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with microfluidic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. J. Jahn
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena
| | - O. Žukovskaja
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - X.-S. Zheng
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - K. Weber
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena
| | - T. W. Bocklitz
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena
| | - D. Cialla-May
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena
| | - J. Popp
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena
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20
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A microfluidic chip based on an ITO support modified with Ag-Au nanocomposites for SERS based determination of melamine. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1990-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Xing Y, Wyss A, Esser N, Dittrich PS. Label-free biosensors based on in situ formed and functionalized microwires in microfluidic devices. Analyst 2016; 140:7896-901. [PMID: 26469763 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01240f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Label-free biosensors based on in situ formed and functionalized TTF-Au wires were developed using an integrated microfluidic system. By applying different modification protocols, TTF-Au wires were successfully used for sensitive label-free detection of catecholamines and human IgG by Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Xing
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Switzerland. and SALSA graduate school, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Wyss
- Laboratory for Nanometallurgy, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Esser
- Leibniz-Institute for Analytical Sciences, ISAS Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra S Dittrich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Switzerland.
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22
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Zhao HZ, Xu Y, Wang CY, Wang R, Xiang ST, Chen L. Design and fabrication of a microfluidic SERS chip with integrated Ag film@nanoAu. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25018h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A “sandwich” microfluidic surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) chip with Ag film@nanoAu prepared in a microchannel was proposed and fabricated in situ. The detection limit for Rhodamine 6G was 10−8 M and the enhancement factor was 3.8 × 105.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Zhou Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
- Defense Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-nano Devices and System Technology
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
- Defense Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-nano Devices and System Technology
| | - Chun-Yan Wang
- Defense Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-nano Devices and System Technology
- Chongqing
- China
- International R & D Center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology
- Chongqing
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
- Defense Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-nano Devices and System Technology
| | - Song-Tao Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
- Defense Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-nano Devices and System Technology
| | - Li Chen
- Defense Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-nano Devices and System Technology
- Chongqing
- China
- International R & D Center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology
- Chongqing
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23
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Luo Y, Ma L, Zhang X, Liang A, Jiang Z. SERS Detection of Dopamine Using Label-Free Acridine Red as Molecular Probe in Reduced Graphene Oxide/Silver Nanotriangle Sol Substrate. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:937. [PMID: 26055475 PMCID: PMC4457732 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-0937-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The reduced graphene oxide/silver nanotriangle (rGO/AgNT) composite sol was prepared by the reduction of silver ions with sodium borohydride in the presence of H2O2 and sodium citrate. In the nanosol substrate, the molecular probe of acridine red (AR) exhibited a weak surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) peak at 1506 cm(-1) due to its interaction with the rGO of rGO/AgNT. Upon addition of dopamine (DA), the competitive adsorption between DA and AR with the rGO took place, and the AR molecules were adsorbed on the AgNT aggregates with a strong SERS peak at 1506 cm(-1) that caused the SERS peak increase. The increased SERS intensity is linear to the DA concentration in the range of 2.5-500 μmol/L. This new analytical system was investigated by SERS, fluorescence, absorption, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques, and a SERS quantitative analysis method for DA was established, using AR as a label-free molecular probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghe Luo
- />Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection of Ministry Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 China
- />Hezhou University, Hezhou, 542899 China
| | - Lu Ma
- />Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection of Ministry Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 China
- />Hezhou University, Hezhou, 542899 China
| | - Xinghui Zhang
- />Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection of Ministry Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 China
| | - Aihui Liang
- />Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection of Ministry Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 China
| | - Zhiliang Jiang
- />Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection of Ministry Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 China
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24
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Zhao X, Xue J, Mu Z, Huang Y, Lu M, Gu Z. Gold nanoparticle incorporated inverse opal photonic crystal capillaries for optofluidic surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 72:268-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Wang M, Zhao C, Miao X, Zhao Y, Rufo J, Liu YJ, Huang TJ, Zheng Y. Plasmofluidics: Merging Light and Fluids at the Micro-/Nanoscale. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:4423-44. [PMID: 26140612 PMCID: PMC4856436 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasmofluidics is the synergistic integration of plasmonics and micro/nanofluidics in devices and applications in order to enhance performance. There has been significant progress in the emerging field of plasmofluidics in recent years. By utilizing the capability of plasmonics to manipulate light at the nanoscale, combined with the unique optical properties of fluids and precise manipulation via micro/nanofluidics, plasmofluidic technologies enable innovations in lab-on-a-chip systems, reconfigurable photonic devices, optical sensing, imaging, and spectroscopy. In this review article, the most recent advances in plasmofluidics are examined and categorized into plasmon-enhanced functionalities in microfluidics and microfluidics-enhanced plasmonic devices. The former focuses on plasmonic manipulations of fluids, bubbles, particles, biological cells, and molecules at the micro/nanoscale. The latter includes technological advances that apply microfluidic principles to enable reconfigurable plasmonic devices and performance-enhanced plasmonic sensors. The article is concluded with perspectives on the upcoming challenges, opportunities, and possible future directions of the emerging field of plasmofluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsong Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- Department of Physics Electro-Optics, Graduate Program University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio 45469, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Miao
- Google, Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Yanhui Zhao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Yan Jun Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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26
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Abstract
Improved surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements of a flowing aqueous sample are accomplished by combining line focus optics with sheath-flow SERS detection. The straightforward introduction of a cylindrical lens into the optical path of the Raman excitation laser increases the efficiency of SERS detection and the reproducibility of SERS signals at low concentrations. The width of the line focus is matched to the width of the sample capillary from which the analyte elutes under hydrodynamic focusing conditions, allowing for increased collection across the SERS substrate while maintaining the power density below the damage threshold at any specific point. We show that a 4× increase in power spread across the line increases the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of 2 for a variety of analytes, such as rhodamine 6G, amino acids, and lipid vesicles, without any detectable photodamage. COMSOL simulations and Raman maps elucidate the hydrodynamic focusing properties of the flow cell, providing a clearer picture of the confinement effects at the surface where the sample exits the capillary. The lipid vesicle results suggest that the combination of hydrodynamic focusing and increased optical collection enables the reproducible detection of rare events, in this case individual lipid vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T. Jacobs
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Zachary D. Schultz
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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27
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Park M, Oh YJ, Park SG, Yang SB, Jeong KH. Electrokinetic preconcentration of small molecules within volumetric electromagnetic hotspots in surface enhanced Raman scattering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:2487-92. [PMID: 25644498 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The on-chip integration of a preconcentration chamber for ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is shown. Small molecules are preconcentrated using 3D volumetric electromagnetic hotspots. The experimental results demonstrate an enhancement of the SERS signals of over two orders of magnitude, which allows the fingerprinting of neurotransmitter molecules at the nanomolar level and furthers the selective detection of oppositely charged molecules. This on-chip integration will provide new directions for ultrasensitive SERS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonseong Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Young-Jae Oh
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Sang-Gil Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Seung-Bum Yang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Ki-Hun Jeong
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
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28
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Wang C, Yu C. Analytical characterization using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and microfluidic sampling. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:092001. [PMID: 25676092 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/9/092001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of analytical techniques, it has become much easier to detect chemical and biological analytes, even at very low detection limits. In recent years, techniques based on vibrational spectroscopy, such as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), have been developed for non-destructive detection of pathogenic microorganisms. SERS is a highly sensitive analytical tool that can be used to characterize chemical and biological analytes interacting with SERS-active substrates. However, it has always been a challenge to obtain consistent and reproducible SERS spectroscopic results at complicated experimental conditions. Microfluidics, a tool for highly precise manipulation of small volume liquid samples, can be used to overcome the major drawbacks of SERS-based techniques. High reproducibility of SERS measurement could be obtained in continuous flow generated inside microfluidic devices. This article provides a thorough review of the principles, concepts and methods of SERS-microfluidic platforms, and the applications of such platforms in trace analysis of chemical and biological analytes.
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29
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Deng Y, Idso MN, Galvan DD, Yu Q. Optofluidic microsystem with quasi-3 dimensional gold plasmonic nanostructure arrays for online sensitive and reproducible SERS detection. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 863:41-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Schäfer C, Kern DP, Fleischer M. Capturing molecules with plasmonic nanotips in microfluidic channels by dielectrophoresis. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1066-1071. [PMID: 25519221 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01018c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, different concepts have been established for the use of plasmonic nanostructures in sensing applications. One challenge in this context lies in delivering the analyte of interest to the location of the nanostructures and selectively attaching it to their surfaces. Here we present a method for the collection and concentration of molecules on arrays of metallic nanocones, making use of the high electric field gradients at the nanotips. For this purpose, the nanocones are integrated into a microfluidic channel and used as nanoelectrodes. By applying an AC voltage, dielectrophoresis is used to capture molecules from the channel region near the nanocones. Simulations of the dielectrophoretic forces in the channel are presented as well as experimental proof of the proposed method. After attachment of the molecules, optical read-out techniques can directly be performed on the plasmonic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schäfer
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Institute for Applied Physics and Center LISA+, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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31
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Gu HX, Li DW, Xue L, Zhang YF, Long YT. A portable microcolumn based on silver nanoparticle functionalized glass fibers and its SERS application. Analyst 2015; 140:7934-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01517k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We presented a facile method for the preparation of a portable detection column integrated with silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) functionalized glass fibers for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xin Gu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
- Shanghai Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Xue
- Shanghai Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security
- Shanghai 200438
- P. R. China
| | - Yong-Feng Zhang
- Shanghai Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security
- Shanghai 200438
- P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
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32
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Xie Y, Yang S, Mao Z, Li P, Zhao C, Cohick Z, Huang PH, Huang TJ. In situ fabrication of 3D Ag@ZnO nanostructures for microfluidic surface-enhanced Raman scattering systems. ACS NANO 2014; 8:12175-84. [PMID: 25402207 PMCID: PMC4278689 DOI: 10.1021/nn503826r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we develop an in situ method to grow highly controllable, sensitive, three-dimensional (3D) surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates via an optothermal effect within microfluidic devices. Implementing this approach, we fabricate SERS substrates composed of Ag@ZnO structures at prescribed locations inside microfluidic channels, sites within which current fabrication of SERS structures has been arduous. Conveniently, properties of the 3D Ag@ZnO nanostructures such as length, packing density, and coverage can also be adjusted by tuning laser irradiation parameters. After exploring the fabrication of the 3D nanostructures, we demonstrate a SERS enhancement factor of up to ∼2×10(6) and investigate the optical properties of the 3D Ag@ZnO structures through finite-difference time-domain simulations. To illustrate the potential value of our technique, low concentrations of biomolecules in the liquid state are detected. Moreover, an integrated cell-trapping function of the 3D Ag@ZnO structures records the surface chemical fingerprint of a living cell. Overall, our optothermal-effect-based fabrication technique offers an effective combination of microfluidics with SERS, resolving problems associated with the fabrication of SERS substrates in microfluidic channels. With its advantages in functionality, simplicity, and sensitivity, the microfluidic-SERS platform presented should be valuable in many biological, biochemical, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Xie
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Shikuan Yang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Zhangming Mao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Zane Cohick
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Park SG, Ahn MS, Oh YJ, Kang M, Jeong Y, Jeong KH. Nanoplasmonic biopatch for in vivo surface enhanced raman spectroscopy. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-014-8407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Li M, Zhao F, Zeng J, Qi J, Lu J, Shih WC. Microfluidic surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensor with monolithically integrated nanoporous gold disk arrays for rapid and label-free biomolecular detection. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:111611. [PMID: 25054918 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.11.111611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a microfluidic surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor for rapid and label-free biomolecular detection. Our sensor design mitigates a common limiting factor in microfluidic SERS sensors that utilize integrated nanostructures: low-efficiency transport of biomolecules to nanostructured surface which adversely impacts sensitivity. Our strategy is to increase the total usable nanostructured surface area, which provides more adsorption sites for biomolecules. Specifically, a nanoporous gold disk (NPGD) array, a highly effective SERS substrate, has been monolithically integrated inside a microfluidic chip. Individual NPGD is known to feature an order of magnitude larger surface area than its projected disk area. The increased surface area arises from nanoscale pores and ligaments three-dimensionally distributed in the NPGD, which manifest themselves as high-density SERS hot-spots. High-density NPGD arrays further guarantee large coverage of these hot-spots on the microchannel floor. The sensor performance has been demonstrated using Rhodamine 6G to quantify spatial uniformity and determine the shortest detection time. Next, the sensor is applied to detect two biomolecules, dopamine and urea, with unprecedented detection limit and speed compared to other existing microfluidic SERS sensors. The sensor holds great promise in point-of-care applications for various biomolecular detections.
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