1
|
Nakajima M, Nagasawa S, Yamazaki K, Yazawa T, Yoneyama H, Kotaka Y, Nemoto T. Direct S 0 → T n Transition under Visible Light Irradiation Enabling Synthesis of a Pseudoindoxyl Scaffold. Org Lett 2024; 26:3289-3293. [PMID: 38568017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Pseudoindoxyl is a partial skeleton found in various natural products. Its light-absorption properties make it useful for the design of functional molecules. However, versatile synthesis methods have not yet been reported. In this report, we present a versatile synthetic method for pseudoindoxyls using the direct S0 → Tn transition under visible light irradiation. We also discuss the application of pseudoindoxyls as photocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sho Nagasawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Keita Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yazawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Honoka Yoneyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuko Kotaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rajput MD, Mahalingavelar P, Patel MD, Bait A, Mandal P, Soppina V, Kanvah S. Lipid Droplets Specific Fluorophore for Demarcation of Normal and Diseased Tissues. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300698. [PMID: 37889156 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Using high-fidelity, permeable, lipophilic, and bright fluorophores for imaging lipid droplets (LDs) in tissues holds immense potential in diagnosing conditions such as diabetic or alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this work, we utilized linear and Λ-shaped polarity-sensitive fluorescent probes for imaging LDs in both cellular and tissue environments, specifically in rats with diabetic and alcoholic fatty liver disease. The fluorescent probes possess several key characteristics, including high permeability, lipophilicity, and brightness, which make them well-suited for efficient LD imaging. Notably, the probes exhibit a substantial Stokes shift, with 143 nm for DCS and 201 nm for DCN with selective targeting of the lipid droplets. Our experimental investigations successfully differentiated morphological variations between diseased and normal tissues in three distinct tissue types: liver, adipose, and small intestine. They could help provide pointers for improved detection and understanding of LD-related pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ms Deeksha Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382055, India
| | - Paramasivam Mahalingavelar
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - Ms Dhara Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology Changa, 388421, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Amey Bait
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382055, India
| | - Palash Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology Changa, 388421, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Virupakshi Soppina
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382055, India
| | - Sriram Kanvah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382055, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun Y, Dhbaibi K, Lauwick H, Lalli C, Taupier G, Molard Y, Gramage-Doria R, Dérien S, Crassous J, Achard M. Asymmetric Ruthenium Catalysis Enables Fluorophores with Point Chirality Displaying CPL Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203243. [PMID: 36367394 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel enantiopure π-allylruthenium(IV) precatalyst allowed the enantioselective and stereospecific allylations of indoles and gave access to indolin-3-ones, containing vicinal stereogenic centers. Facile separation of diastereoisomers exhibiting opposite circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activities in diverse solvents, including water, demonstrated the potential of these sustainable transformations and of the newly prepared molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Univ Rennes, ISCR UMR 6226 ScanMAT-UAR2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Kais Dhbaibi
- Univ Rennes, ISCR UMR 6226 ScanMAT-UAR2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Hortense Lauwick
- Univ Rennes, ISCR UMR 6226 ScanMAT-UAR2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Claudia Lalli
- Univ Rennes, ISCR UMR 6226 ScanMAT-UAR2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Gregory Taupier
- Univ Rennes, ISCR UMR 6226 ScanMAT-UAR2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Yann Molard
- Univ Rennes, ISCR UMR 6226 ScanMAT-UAR2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Sylvie Dérien
- Univ Rennes, ISCR UMR 6226 ScanMAT-UAR2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ Rennes, ISCR UMR 6226 ScanMAT-UAR2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Mathieu Achard
- Univ Rennes, ISCR UMR 6226 ScanMAT-UAR2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brotzmann K, Escher SE, Walker P, Braunbeck T. Potential of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo test to discriminate between chemicals of similar molecular structure-a study with valproic acid and 14 of its analogues. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:3033-3051. [PMID: 35920856 PMCID: PMC9525359 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Valproic acid is a frequently used antiepileptic drug and known pediatric hepatotoxic agent. In search of pharmaceuticals with increased effectiveness and reduced toxicity, analogue chemicals came into focus. So far, toxicity and teratogenicity data of drugs and metabolites have usually been collected from mammalian model systems such as mice and rats. However, in an attempt to reduce mammalian testing while maintaining the reliability of toxicity testing of new industrial chemicals and drugs, alternative test methods are being developed. To this end, the potential of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo to discriminate between valproic acid and 14 analogues was investigated by exposing zebrafish embryos for 120 h post fertilization in the extended version of the fish embryo acute toxicity test (FET; OECD TG 236), and analyzing liver histology to evaluate the correlation of liver effects and the molecular structure of each compound. Although histological evaluation of zebrafish liver did not identify steatosis as the prominent adverse effect typical in human and mice, the structure–activity relationship (SAR) derived was comparable not only to human HepG2 cells, but also to available in vivo mouse and rat data. Thus, there is evidence that zebrafish embryos might serve as a tool to bridge the gap between subcellular, cell-based systems and vertebrate models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Brotzmann
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sylvia E Escher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Paul Walker
- Cyprotex Discovery, No. 24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Nether Alderley, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
In situ quantification of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and biomass in Cupriavidus necator by a fluorescence spectroscopic assay. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:635-645. [PMID: 35015141 PMCID: PMC8763931 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Fluorescence spectroscopy offers a cheap, simple, and fast approach to monitor poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) formation, a biodegradable polymer belonging to the biodegradable polyester class polyhydroxyalkanoates. In the present study, a fluorescence and side scatter-based spectroscopic setup was developed to monitor in situ biomass, and PHB formation of biotechnological applied Cupriavidus necator strain. To establish PHB quantification of C. necator, the dyes 2,2-difluoro-4,6,8,10,12-pentamethyl-3-aza-1-azonia-2-boranuidatricyclo[7.3.0.03,7]dodeca-1(12),4,6,8,10-pentaene (BODIPY493/503), ethyl 5-methoxy-1,2-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3-oxoindole-2-carboxylate (LipidGreen2), and 9-(diethylamino)benzo[a]phenoxazin-5-one (Nile red) were compared with each other. Fluorescence staining efficacy was obtained through 3D-excitation-emission matrix and design of experiments. The coefficients of determination were ≥ 0.98 for all three dyes and linear to the high-pressure liquid chromatography obtained PHB content, and the side scatter to the biomass concentration. The fluorescence correlation models were further improved by the incorporation of the biomass-related side scatter. Afterward, the resulting regression fluorescence models were successfully applied to nitrogen-deficit, phosphor-deficit, and NaCl-stressed C. necator cultures. The highest transferability of the regression models was shown by using LipidGreen2. The novel approach opens a tailor-made way for a fast and simultaneous detection of the crucial biotechnological parameters biomass and PHB content during fermentation. Key points • Intracellular quantification of PHB and biomass using fluorescence spectroscopy. • Optimizing fluorescence staining conditions and 3D-excitation-emission matrix. • PHB was best obtained by LipidGreen2, followed by BODIPDY493/503 and Nile red. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11670-8.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kettner A, Griehl C. The use of LipidGreen2 for visualization and quantification of intracellular Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in Cupriavidus necator. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100819. [PMID: 33024843 PMCID: PMC7528054 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have been conducted to develop a rapid protocol for the quantification of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) during bacterial fermentation as an alternative to time-consuming gravimetric or analytical methods. Fluorescence spectroscopy is one of the most promising approaches. In this study, it could be demonstrated that the novel fluorescent probe LipidGreen2 is able to stain selectively poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in Cupriavidus necator. Optimal excitation and emission wavelengths were evaluated using 3D-Excitation-Emission-Matrix, displaying the best intensities between 440-460 nm and 490-520 nm for excitation and emission, respectively. The lipophilic fluorophore LipidGreen2 showed a high long-term stability even when incubated under ambient lighting. Due to a strong linear relationship between side scatter and biomass concentration, the influence of the inner filter effects could be incorporated, and adjusting the sample to a specific OD is thus superfluous. The developed method allows a very accurate quantification of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in just 15 min, following a comprehensible and simple protocol. It is also excellently suited for bioimaging of intracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) granules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kettner
- Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Department of Applied Biosciences and Process Engineering, Bernburger Strasse 55, 06366, Koethen, Germany
| | - Carola Griehl
- Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Department of Applied Biosciences and Process Engineering, Bernburger Strasse 55, 06366, Koethen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fam TK, Klymchenko AS, Collot M. Recent Advances in Fluorescent Probes for Lipid Droplets. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1768. [PMID: 30231571 PMCID: PMC6163203 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles that serve as the storage of intracellular neutral lipids. LDs regulate many physiological processes. They recently attracted attention after extensive studies showed their involvement in metabolic disorders and diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Therefore, it is of the highest importance to have reliable imaging tools. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the development of selective fluorescent probes for LDs. Their photophysical properties are described, and their advantages and drawbacks in fluorescence imaging are discussed. At last, we review the reported applications using these probes including two-photon excitation, in vivo and tissue imaging, as well as LDs tracking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tkhe Kyong Fam
- Nanochemistry and Bioimaging Group, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Illkirch, France.
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Nanochemistry and Bioimaging Group, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Illkirch, France.
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Nanochemistry and Bioimaging Group, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Illkirch, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fu W, Zhou Y, Song Q. Copper/Diboron-Mediated Intramolecular Oxygenation and Allylation/Benzylation of Nitroalkynes for the Synthesis of C2-Quaternary Indolin-3-ones. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2511-2515. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Fu
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation; College of Chemical Engineering & College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University; 668 Jimei Blvd Xiamen Fujian 361021 P. R. China),
| | - Yao Zhou
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation; College of Chemical Engineering & College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University; 668 Jimei Blvd Xiamen Fujian 361021 P. R. China),
| | - Qiuling Song
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation; College of Chemical Engineering & College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University; 668 Jimei Blvd Xiamen Fujian 361021 P. R. China),
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lauwick H, Sun Y, Akdas-Kilig H, Dérien S, Achard M. Access to 3-Oxindoles from Allylic Alcohols and Indoles. Chemistry 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hortense Lauwick
- Univ Rennes, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226; F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Yang Sun
- Univ Rennes, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226; F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Huriye Akdas-Kilig
- Univ Rennes, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226; F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Sylvie Dérien
- Univ Rennes, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226; F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Mathieu Achard
- Univ Rennes, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226; F-35000 Rennes France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Park YK, Obiang-Obounou BW, Lee J, Lee TY, Bae MA, Hwang KS, Lee KB, Choi JS, Jang BC. Anti-Adipogenic Effects on 3T3-L1 Cells and Zebrafish by Tanshinone IIA. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102065. [PMID: 28953247 PMCID: PMC5666747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA is a diterpene quinone isolated from the roots of Salviamiltiorrhiza bunge that has traditionally been used in China for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. Although there is recent evidence showing that tanshinone IIA has an anti-obesity effect, its underlying mechanism of anti-obesity effect is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of tanshinone IIA on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and zebrafish. Notably, tanshinone IIA at 10 μM concentration greatly reduced lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) contents during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation, suggesting its anti-adipogenic effect. On mechanistic levels, tanshinone IIA reduced the expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and perilipin A but also the phosphorylation levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3/5 (STAT-3/5) in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, tanshinone IIA strongly inhibited leptin and resistin mRNA expression in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Importantly, the tanshinone IIA's lipid-reducing effect was also seen in zebrafish. In sum, these findings demonstrate that tanshinone IIA has anti-adipogenic effects on 3T3-L1 cells and zebrafish, and its anti-adipogenic effect on 3T3-L1 cells is largely attributable to the reduced expression and/or phosphorylation levels of C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, FAS, perilipin A, and STAT-3/5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kyoung Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Brice Wilfried Obiang-Obounou
- Department of Food Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Tae-Yun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea.
| | - Myung-Ae Bae
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Kyu-Seok Hwang
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Bok Lee
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Division of Convergence Biotechnology, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Korea.
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Division of Convergence Biotechnology, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Korea.
| | - Byeong-Churl Jang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
den Broeder MJ, Moester MJB, Kamstra JH, Cenijn PH, Davidoiu V, Kamminga LM, Ariese F, de Boer JF, Legler J. Altered Adipogenesis in Zebrafish Larvae Following High Fat Diet and Chemical Exposure Is Visualised by Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E894. [PMID: 28441764 PMCID: PMC5412473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life stage exposure to environmental chemicals may play a role in obesity by altering adipogenesis; however, robust in vivo methods to quantify these effects are lacking. The goal of this study was to analyze the effects of developmental exposure to chemicals on adipogenesis in the zebrafish (Danio rerio). We used label-free Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) microscopy for the first time to image zebrafish adipogenesis at 15 days post fertilization (dpf) and compared standard feed conditions (StF) to a high fat diet (HFD) or high glucose diet (HGD). We also exposed zebrafish embryos to a non-toxic concentration of tributyltin (TBT, 1 nM) or Tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl)phosphate (TDCiPP, 0.5 µM) from 0-6 dpf and reared larvae to 15 dpf under StF. Potential molecular mechanisms of altered adipogenesis were examined by qPCR. Diet-dependent modulation of adipogenesis was observed, with HFD resulting in a threefold increase in larvae with adipocytes, compared to StF and HGD. Developmental exposure to TBT but not TDCiPP significantly increased adipocyte differentiation. The expression of adipogenic genes such as pparda, lxr and lepa was altered in response to HFD or chemicals. This study shows that SRS microscopy can be successfully applied to zebrafish to visualize and quantify adipogenesis, and is a powerful approach for identifying obesogenic chemicals in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjo J den Broeder
- Institute of Environmental, Health and Societies, Brunel University, UB8 3PH London, UK.
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Miriam J B Moester
- Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. BOX 8146, Dep 0033 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Peter H Cenijn
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Valentina Davidoiu
- Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, 3011 BH Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Leonie M Kamminga
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Freek Ariese
- Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes F de Boer
- Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Juliette Legler
- Institute of Environmental, Health and Societies, Brunel University, UB8 3PH London, UK.
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Choi JE, Na HY, Yang TH, Rhee SK, Song JK. A lipophilic fluorescent LipidGreen1-based quantification method for high-throughput screening analysis of intracellular poly-3-hydroxybutyrate. AMB Express 2015; 5:131. [PMID: 26253390 PMCID: PMC4529427 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-015-0131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), the most abundant type of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) is synthesized inside a variety of microorganisms as a primary candidate for industrial PHB production. Lipophilic dyes such as Nile red and BODIPY have been used to quantify intracellular PHB, but their uses have often been limited in terms of sensitivity and accuracy. In this study, a newly developed lipophilic fluorescent dye LipidGreen1 was used to quantify intracellular PHB. LipidGreen1 stained viable colonies by adding the dye into the medium which enabled the effective selection of PHB-positive cells. Furthermore, the fluorescence intensity of LipidGreen1 maintained its fluorescence intensity much longer than that of Nile red. The fluorescence intensities of intracellular PHB stained by LipidGreen1 accurately agreed with PHB contents measured by gas chromatography. In addition, internalization of LipidGreen1 in Escherichia coli cell was not necessary to obtain quantitative measurements. PHB-synthase mutants were differentiated by fluorescence intensities with a good correlation to increased levels of PHB production. These results show that LipidGreen1 is sensitive and accurate in high-throughput screening of newly isolated and genetically modified bacteria with enhanced PHB production.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zebrafish as a Model to Study the Role of Peroxisome Proliferating-Activated Receptors in Adipogenesis and Obesity. PPAR Res 2015; 2015:358029. [PMID: 26697060 PMCID: PMC4677228 DOI: 10.1155/2015/358029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) PPARA and PPARD are regulators of lipid metabolism with important roles in energy release through lipid breakdown, while PPARG plays a key role in lipid storage and adipogenesis. The aim of this review is to describe the role of PPARs in lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, and obesity and evaluate the zebrafish as an emerging vertebrate model to study the function of PPARs. Zebrafish are an appropriate model to study human diseases, including obesity and related metabolic diseases, as pathways important for adipogenesis and lipid metabolism which are conserved between mammals and fish. This review synthesizes knowledge on the role of PPARs in zebrafish and focuses on the putative function of PPARs in zebrafish adipogenesis. Using in silico analysis, we confirm the presence of five PPARs (pparaa, pparab, pparda, ppardb, and pparg) in the zebrafish genome with 67–74% identity to human and mouse PPARs. During development, pparda/b paralogs and pparg show mRNA expression around the swim bladder and pancreas, the region where adipocytes first develop, whereas pparg is detectable in adipocytes at 15 days post fertilization (dpf). This review indicates that the zebrafish is a promising model to investigate the specific functions of PPARs in adipogenesis and obesity.
Collapse
|
14
|
Discovery and optimization of adamantane carboxylic acid derivatives as potent diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 inhibitors for the potential treatment of obesity and diabetes. Eur J Med Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
15
|
Suneel Kumar CV, Ramana CV. Ru-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral Cleavage of the N–O Bond in Isoxazolidines: Isatogens to Pseudoindoxyls via a One-Pot [3 + 2]-Cycloaddition/N–O Cleavage. Org Lett 2015; 17:2870-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chepuri V. Suneel Kumar
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Chepuri V. Ramana
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Santoro MM. Zebrafish as a model to explore cell metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:546-54. [PMID: 24997878 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell metabolism plays a key role in many essential biological processes. The recent availability of novel technologies and organisms to model cell metabolism in vivo is expanding current knowledge of cell metabolism. In this context, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as a valuable model system to learn about the metabolic routes critical for cellular homeostasis. Here, the most recent methods and studies on cell metabolism are summarized, which support the overall value for the zebrafish model system not only to study metabolism but also metabolic disease states. It is envisioned that this small vertebrate system will help in the understanding of pathogenesis for numerous metabolic-related disorders in humans and in the identification of their therapeutic treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo M Santoro
- Laboratory of Endothelial Molecular Biology, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Endothelial Molecular Biology, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|