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Olukunle OF, Olowosoke CB, Khalid A, Oke GA, Omoboyede V, Umar HI, Ibrahim O, Adeboboye CF, Iwaloye O, Olawale F, Adedeji AA, Bello T, Alabere HO, Chukwuemeka PO. Identification of a 1, 8-naphthyridine-containing compound endowed with the inhibition of p53-MDM2/X interaction signaling: a computational perspective. Mol Divers 2024; 28:1109-1127. [PMID: 37029281 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Various studies have established that molecules specific for MDMX inhibition or optimized for dual inhibition of p53-MDM2/MDMX interaction signaling are more suitable for activating the Tp53 gene in tumor cells. Nevertheless, there are sparse numbers of approved molecules to treat the health consequences brought by the lost p53 functions in tumor cells. Consequently, this study explored the potential of a small molecule ligand containing 1, 8-naphthyridine scaffold to act as a dual inhibitor of p53-MDM2/X interactions using computational methods. The results obtained from quantum mechanical calculations revealed our studied compound entitled CPO is more stable but less reactive compared to standard dual inhibitor RO2443. Like RO2443, CPO also exhibited good non-linear optical properties. The results of molecular docking studies predicted that CPO has a higher potential to inhibit MDM2/MDMX than RO2443. Furthermore, CPO was stable over 50 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in complex with MDM2 and MDMX respectively. On the whole, CPO also exhibited good drug-likeness and pharmacokinetics properties compared to RO2443 and was found with more anti-cancer activity than RO2443 in bioactivity prediction. CPO is anticipated to elevate effectiveness and alleviate drug resistance in cancer therapy. Ultimately, our results provide an insight into the mechanism that underlay the inhibition of p53-MDM2/X interactions by a molecule containing 1, 8-naphthyridine scaffold in its molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyin Folake Olukunle
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Christopher Busayo Olowosoke
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Aqsa Khalid
- Research Center for Modelling and Simulation (RCMS), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Grace Ayomide Oke
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology (SAAT), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Victor Omoboyede
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
- Computer Aided Therapeutics and Drug Design (CATDD) Group, School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Haruna Isiyaku Umar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
- Computer Aided Therapeutics and Drug Design (CATDD) Group, School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Ochapa Ibrahim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Covenant Femi Adeboboye
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi Iwaloye
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Femi Olawale
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji Adeola Adedeji
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Taye Bello
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Hafsat Olateju Alabere
- Computer Aided Therapeutics and Drug Design (CATDD) Group, School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Prosper Obed Chukwuemeka
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria.
- Computer Aided Therapeutics and Drug Design (CATDD) Group, School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria.
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Cheng X, Chen R, Zhou T, Zhang B, Li Z, Gao M, Huang Y, Liu H, Su Z. Leveraging the multivalent p53 peptide-MdmX interaction to guide the improvement of small molecule inhibitors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1087. [PMID: 35228542 PMCID: PMC8885691 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpressed Mdm2 and its 7homolog MdmX impair p53 activity in many cancers. Small molecules mimicking a p53 peptide can effectively inhibit Mdm2 but not MdmX. Here, we show a strategy for improving lead compounds for Mdm2 and MdmX inhibition based on the multivalency of the p53 peptide. Crystal structures of MdmX complexed with nutlin-3a, a strong Mdm2 inhibitor but a weak one for MdmX, reveal that nutlin-3a fits into the ligand binding pocket of MdmX mimicking the p53 peptide. However, due to distinct flexibility around the MdmX ligand binding pocket, the structures are missing many important intermolecular interactions that exist in the MdmX/p53 peptide and Mdm2/nultin-3a complexes. By targeting these flexible regions, we identify allosteric and additive fragments that enhance the binding affinity of nutlin-3a for MdmX, leading to potent Mdm2/MdmX inhibitors with anticancer activity. Our work provides a practical approach to drug design for signal transduction therapy. Peptide fragments derived from the interfaces of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) provide useful templates for designing small molecule PPI inhibitors. Here, the authors utilize the multivalency of an MdmX-binding p53 peptide to develop a weak inhibitor of MdmX into potent Mdm2/MdmX inhibitors.
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Munisamy M, Mukherjee N, Thomas L, Pham AT, Shakeri A, Zhao Y, Kolesar J, Rao PPN, Rangnekar VM, Rao M. Therapeutic opportunities in cancer therapy: targeting the p53-MDM2/MDMX interactions. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5762-5781. [PMID: 35018225 PMCID: PMC8727821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a key enzymatic post-translational modification that influences p53 stability and function. p53 protein regulates the expression of MDM2 (mouse double-minute 2 protein) E3 ligase and MDMX (double-minute 4 protein), through proteasome-based degradation. Exploration of targeting the ubiquitination pathway offers a potentially promising strategy for precision therapy in a variety of cancers. The p53-MDM2-MDMX pathway provides multiple molecular targets for small molecule screening as potential therapies for wild-type p53. As a result of its effect on molecular carcinogenesis, a personalized therapeutic approach based on the wild-type and mutant p53 protein is desirable. We highlighted the implications of p53 mutations in cancer, p53 ubiquitination mechanistic details, targeting p53-MDM2/MDMX interactions, significant discoveries related to MDM2 inhibitor drug development, MDM2 and MDMX dual target inhibitors, and clinical trials with p53-MDM2/MDMX-targeted drugs. We also investigated potential therapeutic repurposing of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) in targeting p53-MDM2/MDMX interactions. Molecular docking studies of SERMs were performed utilizing the solved structures of the p53/MDM2/MDMX proteins. These studies identified ormeloxifene as a potential dual inhibitor of p53/MDM2/MDMX interaction, suggesting that repurposing SERMs for dual targeting of p53/MDM2 and p53/MDMX interactions is an attractive strategy for targeting wild-type p53 tumors and warrants further preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Munisamy
- Department of Translational Medicine Centre, All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462020, India
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Center for Translational Research, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Nayonika Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Center for Translational Research, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Levin Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Center for Translational Research, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Amy Trinh Pham
- Medicinal and Bioorganic Chemistry Lab, School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, 200 University Avenue West, University of WaterlooWaterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Arash Shakeri
- Medicinal and Bioorganic Chemistry Lab, School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, 200 University Avenue West, University of WaterlooWaterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- Medicinal and Bioorganic Chemistry Lab, School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, 200 University Avenue West, University of WaterlooWaterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jill Kolesar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, University of Kentucky567 TODD Building, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40539-0596, USA
| | - Praveen P N Rao
- Medicinal and Bioorganic Chemistry Lab, School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, 200 University Avenue West, University of WaterlooWaterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Markey Cancer Center, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Center for Translational Research, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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Small-molecule MDM2/X inhibitors and PROTAC degraders for cancer therapy: advances and perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1253-1278. [PMID: 32874827 PMCID: PMC7452049 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking the MDM2/X–P53 protein–protein interaction has been widely recognized as an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancers. Numerous small-molecule MDM2 inhibitors have been reported since the release of the structure of the MDM2–P53 interaction in 1996, SAR405838, NVP-CGM097, MK-8242, RG7112, RG7388, DS-3032b, and AMG232 currently undergo clinical evaluation for cancer therapy. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive and updated overview of MDM2 inhibitors and proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) degraders with a particular focus on how these inhibitors or degraders are identified from starting points, strategies employed, structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies, binding modes or co-crystal structures, biochemical data, mechanistic studies, and preclinical/clinical studies. Moreover, we briefly discuss the challenges of designing MDM2/X inhibitors for cancer therapy such as dual MDM2/X inhibition, acquired resistance and toxicity of P53 activation as well as future directions.
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Xia Z, Karpov P, Popowicz G, Tetko IV. Focused Library Generator: case of Mdmx inhibitors. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2019; 34:769-782. [PMID: 31677002 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-019-00242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a Focused Library Generator that is able to create from scratch new molecules with desired properties. After training the Generator on the ChEMBL database, transfer learning was used to switch the generator to producing new Mdmx inhibitors that are a promising class of anticancer drugs. Lilly medicinal chemistry filters, molecular docking, and a QSAR IC50 model were used to refine the output of the Generator. Pharmacophore screening and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were then used to further select putative ligands. Finally, we identified five promising hits with equivalent or even better predicted binding free energies and IC50 values than known Mdmx inhibitors. The source code of the project is available on https://github.com/bigchem/online-chem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Xia
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pavel Karpov
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- BigChem GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Popowicz
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Igor V Tetko
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- BigChem GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Liu Y, Wang X, Wang G, Yang Y, Yuan Y, Ouyang L. The past, present and future of potential small-molecule drugs targeting p53-MDM2/MDMX for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:92-104. [PMID: 31100649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The p53 gene, a well-known tumor suppressor gene, plays a crucial role in cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. MDM2 exerts p53-dependent activity mainly by binding to p53 protein to form MDM2-p53 negative feedback loop. In addition, MDM2 is involved in a number of pathways that regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis, playing a p53-independent role. The p53 binding domain of MDMX bind to p53 transcriptional activation domain, inhibiting the transcriptional activity of p53 on its downstream genes, but does not mediate the degradation of p53. The anti-tumor effect is exerted by inhibiting the interaction between the MDM2/MDMX protein and the p53 protein by a small-molecule or by restoring the activity of the p53 protein. This review describes in the structural features, biological functions and mechanisms of p53-MDM2/MDMX, and summarizes small-molecule targeting p53-MDM2/MDMX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Naval Authorities Clinic, Beijing, 100841, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Yushang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
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7
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Kanakaveti V, Anoosha P, Sakthivel R, Rayala S, Gromiha M. Influence of Amino Acid Mutations and Small Molecules on Targeted Inhibition of Proteins Involved in Cancer. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:457-466. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190304143354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background:Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are of crucial importance in regulating the biological processes of cells both in normal and diseased conditions. Significant progress has been made in targeting PPIs using small molecules and achieved promising results. However, PPI drug discovery should be further accelerated with better understanding of chemical space along with various functional aspects.Objective:In this review, we focus on the advancements in computational research for targeted inhibition of protein-protein interactions involved in cancer.Methods:Here, we mainly focused on two aspects: (i) understanding the key roles of amino acid mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as well as mutation-specific inhibitors and (ii) design of small molecule inhibitors for Bcl-2 to disrupt PPIs.Results:The paradigm of PPI inhibition to date reflect the certainty that inclination towards novel and versatile strategies enormously dictate the success of PPI inhibition. As the chemical space highly differs from the normal drug like compounds the lead optimization process has to be given the utmost priority to ensure the clinical success. Here, we provided a broader perspective on effect of mutations in oncogene EGFR connected to Bcl-2 PPIs and focused on the potential challenges.Conclusion:Understanding and bridging mutations and altered PPIs will provide insights into the alarming signals leading to massive malfunctioning of a biological system in various diseases. Finding rational elucidations from a pharmaceutical stand point will presumably broaden the horizons in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Kanakaveti
- Protein Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P. Anoosha
- Protein Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Sakthivel
- Protein Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S.K. Rayala
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M.M. Gromiha
- Advanced Computational Drug Discovery Unit (ACDD), Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Zhang C, Chang S, Qiu L, Xu X. Chemodivergent synthesis of multi-substituted/fused pyrroles via copper-catalyzed carbene cascade reaction of propargyl α-iminodiazoacetates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:12470-12473. [PMID: 27711472 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06864b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel cascade reaction of alkynyl-tethered α-iminodiazoacetates has been developed, which provides a general access to both multi-substituted and fused pyrroles in high yields with a broad substrate scope. The γ-imino carbene is proposed as the key intermediate in this divergent reaction and followed by unpresented transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Sailan Chang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Xinfang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
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9
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Proapoptotic modification of substituted isoindolinones as MDM2-p53 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5197-5202. [PMID: 29089230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel amino acid ester derivatives of 2,3-substituted isoindolinones was synthesized and evaluated for p53-mediated apoptotic activity. The rationale for augmentation of the target activity of 2,3-substituted isoindolinones was based on the introduction of new fragments in the structure of the inhibitor that would provide additional binding sites in the hydrophobic cavity of MDM2. To select for the anticipated modifications we employed molecular docking. Synthesized molecules were evaluated for their ability to induce apoptosis in two cancer cell lines and their derivatives with different status of p53 (colorectal HCT116 and osteosarcoma U2OS cells) by Annexin V staining. The target activity was estimated using high-content imaging system Operetta. Valine and phenylglycine ester derivatives were identified as potentially active MDM2-p53 inhibitors.
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10
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Chemical Variations on the p53 Reactivation Theme. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9020025. [PMID: 27187415 PMCID: PMC4932543 DOI: 10.3390/ph9020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the tumor suppressor genes, p53 is one of the most studied. It is widely regarded as the "guardian of the genome", playing a major role in carcinogenesis. In fact, direct inactivation of the TP53 gene occurs in more than 50% of malignancies, and in tumors that retain wild-type p53 status, its function is usually inactivated by overexpression of negative regulators (e.g., MDM2 and MDMX). Hence, restoring p53 function in cancer cells represents a valuable anticancer approach. In this review, we will present an updated overview of the most relevant small molecules developed to restore p53 function in cancer cells through inhibition of the p53-MDMs interaction, or direct targeting of wild-type p53 or mutated p53. In addition, optimization approaches used for the development of small molecules that have entered clinical trials will be presented.
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11
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Scott DE, Bayly AR, Abell C, Skidmore J. Small molecules, big targets: drug discovery faces the protein–protein interaction challenge. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:533-50. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 625] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Golestanian S, Sharifi A, Popowicz GM, Azizian H, Foroumadi A, Szwagierczak A, Holak TA, Amanlou M. Discovery of novel dual inhibitors against Mdm2 and Mdmx proteins by in silico approaches and binding assay. Life Sci 2016; 145:240-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Zaytsev A, Dodd B, Magnani M, Ghiron C, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Liu J, Lu X, Micco I, Newell DR, Padova A, Robertson G, Lunec J, Hardcastle IR. Searching for Dual Inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 and MDMX-p53 Protein-Protein Interaction by a Scaffold-Hopping Approach. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:180-9. [PMID: 25388787 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Two libraries of substituted benzimidazoles were designed using a 'scaffold-hopping' approach based on reported MDM2-p53 inhibitors. Substituents were chosen following library enumeration and docking into an MDM2 X-ray structure. Benzimidazole libraries were prepared using an efficient solution-phase approach and screened for inhibition of the MDM2-p53 and MDMX-p53 protein-protein interactions. Key examples showed inhibitory activity against both targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Zaytsev
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Barry Dodd
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Matteo Magnani
- Siena Biotech S.p.A., Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Chiara Ghiron
- Siena Biotech S.p.A., Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Bernard T Golding
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Roger J Griffin
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Xiaohong Lu
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Iolanda Micco
- Siena Biotech S.p.A., Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - David R Newell
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Alessandro Padova
- Siena Biotech S.p.A., Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Graeme Robertson
- Siena Biotech S.p.A., Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - John Lunec
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ian R Hardcastle
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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Abstract
Various experimental strategies aim to (re)activate p53 signalling in cancer cells. The most advanced clinically are small-molecule inhibitors of the autoregulatory interaction between p53 and MDM2 (murine double minute 2). Different MDM2 inhibitors are currently under investigation in clinical trials. As for other targeted anti-cancer therapy approaches, relatively rapid resistance acquisition may limit the clinical efficacy of MDM2 inhibitors. In particular, MDM2 inhibitors were shown to induce p53 mutations in experimental systems. In the present article, we summarize what is known about MDM2 inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs with a focus on the acquisition of resistance to these compounds.
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Structure- and ligand-based virtual screening identifies new scaffolds for inhibitors of the oncoprotein MDM2. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121424. [PMID: 25884407 PMCID: PMC4401541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in the field of ligand discovery is to identify chemically useful fragments that can be developed into inhibitors of specific protein-protein interactions. Low molecular weight fragments (with molecular weight less than 250 Da) are likely to bind weakly to a protein’s surface. Here we use a new virtual screening procedure which uses a combination of similarity searching and docking to identify chemically tractable scaffolds that bind to the p53-interaction site of MDM2. The binding has been verified using capillary electrophoresis which has proven to be an excellent screening method for such small, weakly binding ligands.
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16
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Bhardwaj V, Gumber D, Abbot V, Dhiman S, Sharma P. Pyrrole: a resourceful small molecule in key medicinal hetero-aromatics. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15710a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrrole is widely known as a biologically active scaffold which possesses a diverse nature of activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Bhardwaj
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Biotechnology
- Bioinformatics and Pharmacy
- Jaypee University of Information Technology
- Solan
| | - Divya Gumber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Banasthali
- India
| | - Vikrant Abbot
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Biotechnology
- Bioinformatics and Pharmacy
- Jaypee University of Information Technology
- Solan
| | - Saurabh Dhiman
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Biotechnology
- Bioinformatics and Pharmacy
- Jaypee University of Information Technology
- Solan
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Biotechnology
- Bioinformatics and Pharmacy
- Jaypee University of Information Technology
- Solan
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17
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Qin L, Yang F, Zhou C, Chen Y, Zhang H, Su Z. Efficient reactivation of p53 in cancer cells by a dual MdmX/Mdm2 inhibitor. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:18023-33. [PMID: 25453499 DOI: 10.1021/ja509223m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant interaction between p53 and Mdm2/MdmX is an attractive target for cancer drug discovery because the overexpression of Mdm2 and/or MdmX ultimately impairs the function of p53 in approximately half of all human cancers. Recent studies have shown that inhibition of both Mdm2 and MdmX is more efficient than that of a single target in promoting cellular apoptosis in cancers. In this study, we demonstrate that a dual small-molecule antagonist of Mdm2/MdmX can efficiently reactivate the p53 pathway in model cancer cells overexpressing MdmX and/or Mdm2. The dual antagonist was rationally designed based on segmental mutational analysis of the N-terminal domain of MdmX and the crystal structure of the N-terminal domain of Mdm2 in complex with nutlin-3a (an Mdm2-specific inhibitor). The current work establishes a small molecule therapeutic candidate that targets cancers overexpressing Mdm2 and/or MdmX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Qin
- Department of Biotechnology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology , Wuhan 430068, China
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18
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Trifluoroacetic Acid in 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol Facilitates SNAr Reactions of Heterocycles with Arylamines. Chemistry 2014; 20:2311-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Ribeiro CJ, Amaral JD, Rodrigues CM, Moreira R, Santos MM. Synthesis and evaluation of spiroisoxazoline oxindoles as anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:577-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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