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Micheletti C, DiCecco LA, Deering J, Chen W, Ervolino da Silva AC, Shah FA, Palmquist A, Okamoto R, Grandfield K. Mesoscale characterization of osseointegration around an additively manufactured genistein-coated implant. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15339. [PMID: 38961115 PMCID: PMC11222380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the hierarchical nature of bone and bone interfaces, osseointegration, namely the formation of a direct bone-implant contact, is best evaluated using a multiscale approach. However, a trade-off exists between field of view and spatial resolution, making it challenging to image large volumes with high resolution. In this study, we combine established electron microscopy techniques to probe bone-implant interfaces at the microscale and nanoscale with plasma focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (PFIB-SEM) tomography to evaluate osseointegration at the mesoscale. This characterization workflow is demonstrated for bone response to an additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V implant which combines engineered porosity to facilitate bone ingrowth and surface functionalization via genistein, a phytoestrogen, to counteract bone loss in osteoporosis. SEM demonstrated new bone formation at the implant site, including in the internal implant pores. At the nanoscale, scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the gradual nature of the bone-implant interface. By leveraging mesoscale analysis with PFIB-SEM tomography that captures large volumes of bone-implant interface with nearly nanoscale resolution, the presence of mineral ellipsoids varying in size and orientation was revealed. In addition, a well-developed lacuno-canalicular network and mineralization fronts directed both towards the implant and away from it were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Micheletti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Liza-Anastasia DiCecco
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Deering
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Wanqi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Furqan A Shah
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roberta Okamoto
- Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
- Research Productivity Scholarship (Process: 309408/2020-2), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Maquera-Huacho PM, de Carvalho GG, Jafelicci M, Marcantonio E, Spolidorio DMP. Physical-chemical influences and cell behavior of natural compounds on titanium dental surfaces. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:53-62. [PMID: 38133473 PMCID: PMC10759949 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the influence of carvacrol, terpinene-4-ol, and chlorhexidine on the physical-chemical properties of titanium surfaces, cell viability, proliferation, adhesion, and spreading of fibroblasts and osteoblasts in vitro. Titanium surfaces (Ti) were treated with Carvacrol (Cvc), Terpinen-4-ol (T4ol), Chlorhexidine (CHX), DMSO, and ultrapure water (Control group). Physical-chemical modifications were evaluated by surface wettability, the surface free energy (SFE) calculated from the contact angle values using the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaeble (OWRK) equation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry probe (EDS) system. Cells were seeded onto Ti-treated surfaces and incubated for 24 h and 72 h, then evaluated by Alamar blue assay and fluorescence microscopy. Surfaces treated with Cvc and T4ol showed the presence of Na, O, and Cl. All surfaces showed hydrophilic characteristics and SFE values between 5.5 mN/m and 3.4 mN/m. On the other hand, EDS peaks demonstrated the presence of O and Cl after CHX treatment. A reduction of cell viability and adhesion was noted on titanium surfaces treated with CHX after 24 and 72h. In conclusion, the results indicate that the decontamination with Cvc and T4ol on Ti surfaces does not alter the surface proprieties and allows an adequate interaction with cells involved in the re-osseointegration process such as fibroblasts and osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Milagros Maquera-Huacho
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University(Unesp), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University(Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Garcia de Carvalho
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University(Unesp), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University(Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel Jafelicci
- Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Colloids, São Paulo State University(Unesp), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Elcio Marcantonio
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University(Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Madalena Palomari Spolidorio
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University(Unesp), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University(Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Thermosensitive and Biocompatible Nanocomposites of Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) and Hydroxyapatite with Potential Use for Bone Tissue Repair. BIONANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-022-00988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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4
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Grandfield K, Micheletti C, Deering J, Arcuri G, Tang T, Langelier B. Atom Probe Tomography for Biomaterials and Biomineralization. Acta Biomater 2022; 148:44-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Elangovan G, Mello-Neto JM, Tadakamadla SK, Reher P, Figueredo CMS. A systematic review on neutrophils interactions with titanium and zirconia surfaces: Evidence from in vitro studies. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:950-958. [PMID: 35535662 PMCID: PMC9382042 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This systematic review aimed to assess in vitro studies that evaluated neutrophil interactions with different roughness levels in titanium and zirconia implant surfaces. Material and Methods An electronic search for literature was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science and a total of 14 studies were included. Neutrophil responses were assessed based on adhesion, cell number, surface coverage, cell structure, cytokine secretion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, neutrophil activation, receptor expression, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release. The method of assessing the risk of bias was done using the toxicological data reliability assessment tool (TOXRTOOL). Results Ten studies have identified a significant increase in neutrophil functions, such as surface coverage, cell adhesion, ROS production, and NETs released when interacting with rough titanium surfaces. Moreover, neutrophil interaction with rough–hydrophilic surfaces seems to produce less proinflammatory cytokines and ROS when compared to naive smooth and rough titanium surfaces. Regarding membrane receptor expression, two studies have reported that the FcγIII receptor (CD16) is responsible for initial neutrophil adhesion to hydrophilic titanium surfaces. Only one study compared neutrophil interaction with titanium alloy and zirconia toughened alumina surfaces and reported no significant differences in neutrophil cell count, activation, receptor expression, and death. Conclusions There are not enough studies to conclude neutrophil interactions with titanium and zirconia surfaces. However, different topographic modifications such as roughness and hydrophilicity might influence neutrophil interactions with titanium implant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathiri Elangovan
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joao M Mello-Neto
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Santosh K Tadakamadla
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter Reher
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carlos Marcelo S Figueredo
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,Affiliated to research, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Micheletti C, Hurley A, Gourrier A, Palmquist A, Tang T, Shah FA, Grandfield K. Bone mineral organization at the mesoscale: A review of mineral ellipsoids in bone and at bone interfaces. Acta Biomater 2022; 142:1-13. [PMID: 35202855 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Much debate still revolves around bone architecture, especially at the nano- and microscale. Bone is a remarkable material where high strength and toughness coexist thanks to an optimized composition of mineral and protein and their hierarchical organization across several distinct length scales. At the nanoscale, mineralized collagen fibrils act as building block units. Despite their key role in biological and mechanical functions, the mechanisms of collagen mineralization and the precise arrangement of the organic and inorganic constituents in the fibrils remains not fully elucidated. Advances in three-dimensional (3D) characterization of mineralized bone tissue by focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) revealed mineral-rich regions geometrically approximated as prolate ellipsoids, much larger than single collagen fibrils. These structures have yet to become prominently recognized, studied, or adopted into biomechanical models of bone. However, they closely resemble the circular to elliptical features previously identified by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) in two-dimensions (2D). Herein, we review the presence of mineral ellipsoids in bone as observed with electron-based imaging techniques in both 2D and 3D with particular focus on different species, anatomical locations, and in proximity to natural and synthetic biomaterial interfaces. This review reveals that mineral ellipsoids are a ubiquitous structure in all the bones and bone-implant interfaces analyzed. This largely overlooked hierarchical level is expected to bring different perspectives to our understanding of bone mineralization and mechanical properties, in turn shedding light on structure-function relationships in bone. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In bone, the hierarchical organization of organic (mainly collagen type I) and inorganic (calcium-phosphate mineral) components across several length scales contributes to a unique combination of strength and toughness. However, aspects related to the collagen-mineral organization and to mineralization mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we review the presence of mineral prolate ellipsoids across a variety of species, anatomical locations, and interfaces, both natural and with synthetic biomaterials. These mineral ellipsoids represent a largely unstudied feature in the organization of bone at the mesoscale, i.e., at a level connecting nano- and microscale. Thorough understanding of their origin, development, and structure can provide valuable insights into bone architecture and mineralization, assisting the treatment of bone diseases and the design of bio-inspired materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Micheletti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada; Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-413 46, Sweden
| | - Ariana Hurley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada; Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada
| | | | - Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-413 46, Sweden
| | - Tengteng Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada
| | - Furqan A Shah
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-413 46, Sweden
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada.
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Micheletti C, Gomes-Ferreira PHS, Casagrande T, Lisboa-Filho PN, Okamoto R, Grandfield K. From tissue retrieval to electron tomography: nanoscale characterization of the interface between bone and bioactive glass. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210181. [PMID: 34493088 PMCID: PMC8424340 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of biomaterials for bone regeneration relies on many factors, among which osseointegration plays a key role. Biogran (BG) is a bioactive glass commonly employed as a bone graft in dental procedures. Despite its use in clinical practice, the capability of BG to promote osseointegration has never been resolved at the nanoscale. In this paper, we present the workflow for characterizing the interface between newly formed bone and BG in a preclinical rat model. Areas of bone-BG contact were first identified by backscattered electron imaging in a scanning electron microscope. A focused ion beam in situ lift-out protocol was employed to prepare ultrathin samples for transmission electron microscopy analysis. The bone-BG gradual interface, i.e. the biointerphase, was visualized at the nanoscale with unprecedented resolution thanks to scanning transmission electron microscopy. Finally, we present a method to view the bone-BG interface in three dimensions using electron tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Micheletti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Travis Casagrande
- Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Roberta Okamoto
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba Dental School, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Research Productivity Scholarship (Process: 309408/2020-2), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Xie J, Rittel D, Shemtov-Yona K, Shah FA, Palmquist A. A stochastic micro to macro mechanical model for the evolution of bone-implant interface stiffness. Acta Biomater 2021; 131:415-423. [PMID: 34129958 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Upon placement of an implant into living bone, an interface is formed through which various biochemical, biological, physical, and mechanical interactions take place. This interface evolves over time as the mechanical properties of peri-implant bone increase. Owing to the multifactorial nature of interfacial processes, it is challenging to devise a comprehensive model for predicting the mechanical behavior of the bone-implant interface. We propose a simple spatio-temporally evolving mechanical model - from an elementary unit cell comprising randomly oriented mineralized collagen fibrils having randomly assigned stiffness all the way up to a macroscopic bone-implant interface in a gap healing scenario. Each unit cell has an assigned Young's modulus value between 1.62 GPa and 25.73 GPa corresponding to minimum (i.e., 0) and maximum (i.e., 0.4) limits of mineral volume fraction, respectively, in the overlap region of the mineralized collagen fibril. Gap closure and subsequent stiffening are modeled to reflect the two main directions of peri-implant bone formation, i.e., contact osteogenesis and distance osteogenesis. The linear elastic stochastic finite element model reveals highly nonlinear temporal evolution of bone-implant interface stiffness, strongly dictated by the specific kinetics of contact osteogenesis and distance osteogenesis. The bone-implant interface possesses a small stiffness until gap closure, which subsequently evolves into a much higher stiffness, and this transition is reminiscent of a percolation transition whose threshold corresponds to gap closure. The model presented here, albeit preliminary, can be incorporated into future calculations of the bone-implant system where the interface is well-defined mechanically. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A simple, physically informed model for the mechanical characteristics of the bone-implant interface is still missing. Here, we start by extending the reported mechanical characteristics of a one cubic micrometre unit cell to a 250 µm long interface made of 1 µm thick layers. The stiffness of each cell (based on mineral content) is assigned randomly to mimic bone micro-heterogeneity. The numerical study of this interface representative structure allows for the simultaneous determination of the spatio-temporal evolution of the mechanical response at local (discrete element) and global (overall model) scales. The proposed model is the first of this kind that can easily be incorporated into realistic future models of bone-implant interaction with emphasis on implant stability and different loading conditions.
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Magnesium whitlockite - omnipresent in pathological mineralisation of soft tissues but not a significant inorganic constituent of bone. Acta Biomater 2021; 125:72-82. [PMID: 33610767 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Whitlockite is a calcium phosphate that was first identified in minerals collected from the Palermo Quarry, New Hampshire. The terms magnesium whitlockite [Mg-whitlockite; Ca18Mg2(HPO4)2(PO4)12] and beta-tricalcium phosphate [β-TCP; β-Ca3(PO4)2] are often used interchangeably since Mg-whitlockite is not easily distinguished from β-Ca3(PO4)2 by powder X-ray diffraction although their crystalline structures differ significantly. Being both osteoconductive and bioresorbable, Mg-whitlockite is pursued as a synthetic bone graft substitute. In recent years, advances in development of synthetic Mg-whitlockite have been accompanied by claims that Mg-whitlockite is the second most abundant inorganic constituent of bone, occupying as much as 20-35 wt% of the inorganic fraction. To find evidence in support of this notion, this review presents an exhaustive summary of Mg-whitlockite identification in biological tissues. Mg-whitlockite is mainly found in association with pathological mineralisation of various soft tissues and dental calculus, and occasionally with enamel and dentine. With the exception of high-temperature treated tumoural calcified deposits around interphalangeal and metacarpal joints and rhomboidal Mg-whitlockite crystals in post-apoptotic osteocyte lacunae in human alveolar bone, this unusual mineral has never been detected in the extracellular matrix of mammalian bone. Characterisation techniques capable of unequivocally distinguishing between different calcium phosphate phases, such as high-resolution imaging, crystallography, and/or spectroscopy have exclusively identified bone mineral as poorly crystalline, ion-substituted, carbonated apatite. The idea that Mg-whitlockite is a significant constituent of bone mineral remains unsubstantiated. Contrary to claims that such biomaterials represent a bioinspired/biomimetic approach to bone repair, Mg-whitlockite remains, exclusively, a pathological biomineral. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Magnesium whitlockite (Mg-whitlockite) is a unique calcium phosphate that typically features in pathological calcification of soft tissues; however, an alarming trend emerging in the synthetic bioceramics community claims that Mg-whitlockite occupies 20-35 wt% of bone mineral and therefore synthetic Mg-whitlockite represents a biomimetic approach towards bone regeneration. By providing an overview of Mg-whitlockite detection in biological tissues and scrutinising a diverse cross-section of literature relevant to bone composition analysis, this review concludes that Mg-whitlockite is exclusively a pathological biomineral, and having never been reported in bone extracellular matrix, Mg-whitlockite does not constitute a biomimetic strategy for bone repair.
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The Role of Epigenetic Functionalization of Implants and Biomaterials in Osseointegration and Bone Regeneration-A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245879. [PMID: 33322654 PMCID: PMC7763898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of epigenetic mechanisms as a potential treatment model has been observed in cancer and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. This review aims to put forward the epigenetic mechanisms as a promising strategy in implant surface functionalization and modification of biomaterials, to promote better osseointegration and bone regeneration, and could be applicable for alveolar bone regeneration and osseointegration in the future. Materials and Methods: Electronic and manual searches of the literature in PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were conducted, using a specific search strategy limited to publications in the last 5 years to identify preclinical studies in order to address the following focused questions: (i) Which, if any, are the epigenetic mechanisms used to functionalize implant surfaces to achieve better osseointegration? (ii) Which, if any, are the epigenetic mechanisms used to functionalize biomaterials to achieve better tissue regeneration? Findings from several studies have emphasized the role of miRNAs in functionalizing implants surfaces and biomaterials to promote osseointegration and bone regeneration, respectively. However, there are scarce data on the role of DNA methylation and histone modifications for these specific applications, despite being commonly applied in cancer research. Studies over the past few years have demonstrated that biomaterials are immunomodulatory rather than inert materials. In this context, epigenetics can act as next generation of advanced treatment tools for future regenerative techniques. Yet, there is a need to evaluate the efficacy/cost effectiveness of these techniques in comparison to current standards of care.
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Mohamed JM, Alqahtani A, Ahmad F, Krishnaraju V, Kalpana K. Pectin co-functionalized dual layered solid lipid nanoparticle made by soluble curcumin for the targeted potential treatment of colorectal cancer. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 252:117180. [PMID: 33183627 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The investigation is to increase the cytotoxicity of soluble curcumin (SC) by loading it onto pectin and skimmed milk powder (SMP) dual layered solid lipid nanoparticles (DL-SLN). The DL-SLN exhibited significantly higher encapsulation efficiency (83.94 ± 6.16), better stability (90 days), and sustained the drug release in different gastro intestional (GI) environments upto 72 h. Molecular docking revealed that the Vander Waals (57420.669 Kcal-mol-1) and electrostatic (-197.533) bonds were involved in the DL-SLN complex formation. The in vivo toxicity of DL-SLN was performed by the zebrafish model, the cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase (64.34 %) by flow cytometry, and western blot investigation was recognized molecular level cell death using SW480 cells. Pharmacokinetic (PK) evaluation (Cmax-5.78 ± 3.26 μg/mL; Tmax-24 h) and organ distribution studies confirmed that the co-functionalized pectin based SLN could efficiently improve the oral bioavailability (up to 72 h) of curcumin (CMN) on colon-targeted release.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Muthu Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, BIT Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazil Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesia Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 4030, Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - V Krishnaraju
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Kalpana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Erode College of Pharmacy, Veppampalayam, Erode-638112, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ehrensberger MT, Clark CM, Canty MK, McDermott EP. Electrochemical methods to enhance osseointegrated prostheses. Biomed Eng Lett 2020; 10:17-41. [PMID: 32175128 PMCID: PMC7046908 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-019-00134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osseointegrated (OI) prosthetic limbs have been shown to provide an advantageous treatment option for amputees. In order for the OI prosthesis to be successful, the titanium implant must rapidly achieve and maintain proper integration with the bone tissue and remain free of infection. Electrochemical methods can be utilized to control and/or monitor the interfacial microenvironment where the titanium implant interacts with the biological system (host bone tissue or bacteria). This review will summarize the current understanding of how electrochemical modalities can influence bone tissue and bacteria with specific emphasis on applications where the metallic prosthesis itself can be utilized directly as a stimulating electrode for enhanced osseointegration and infection control. In addition, a summary of electrochemical impedance sensing techniques that could be used to potentially assess osseointegration and infection status of the metallic prosthesis is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T. Ehrensberger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, 445 Biomedical Research Building, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Caelen M. Clark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, 445 Biomedical Research Building, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Mary K. Canty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, 445 Biomedical Research Building, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Eric P. McDermott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, 445 Biomedical Research Building, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
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Moideen MMJ, Karuppaiyan K, Kandhasamy R, Seetharaman S. Skimmed milk powder and pectin decorated solid lipid nanoparticle containing soluble curcumin used for the treatment of colorectal cancer. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muthu M. J. Moideen
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyBharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University Tiruchirappalli Tamilnadu India
| | - Kavitha Karuppaiyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyBharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University Tiruchirappalli Tamilnadu India
| | - Ruckmani Kandhasamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyBharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University Tiruchirappalli Tamilnadu India
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Gao X, Fraulob M, Haïat G. Biomechanical behaviours of the bone-implant interface: a review. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190259. [PMID: 31362615 PMCID: PMC6685012 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, cementless implants have been widely used in clinical practice to replace missing organs, to replace damaged or missing bone tissue or to restore joint functionality. However, there remain risks of failure which may have dramatic consequences. The success of an implant depends on its stability, which is determined by the biomechanical properties of the bone-implant interface (BII). The aim of this review article is to provide more insight on the current state of the art concerning the evolution of the biomechanical properties of the BII as a function of the implant's environment. The main characteristics of the BII and the determinants of implant stability are first introduced. Then, the different mechanical methods that have been employed to derive the macroscopic properties of the BII will be described. The experimental multi-modality approaches used to determine the microscopic biomechanical properties of periprosthetic newly formed bone tissue are also reviewed. Eventually, the influence of the implant's properties, in terms of both surface properties and biomaterials, is investigated. A better understanding of the phenomena occurring at the BII will lead to (i) medical devices that help surgeons to determine an implant's stability and (ii) an improvement in the quality of implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Gao
- CNRS, Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, UMR CNRS 8208, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil cedex, France
- Research Centre for Medical Robotics and Minimally Invasive Surgical Devices, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Manon Fraulob
- CNRS, Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, UMR CNRS 8208, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Haïat
- CNRS, Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, UMR CNRS 8208, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil cedex, France
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15
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Shah FA, Ruscsák K, Palmquist A. 50 years of scanning electron microscopy of bone-a comprehensive overview of the important discoveries made and insights gained into bone material properties in health, disease, and taphonomy. Bone Res 2019; 7:15. [PMID: 31123620 PMCID: PMC6531483 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is an architecturally complex system that constantly undergoes structural and functional optimisation through renewal and repair. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is among the most frequently used instruments for examining bone. It offers the key advantage of very high spatial resolution coupled with a large depth of field and wide field of view. Interactions between incident electrons and atoms on the sample surface generate backscattered electrons, secondary electrons, and various other signals including X-rays that relay compositional and topographical information. Through selective removal or preservation of specific tissue components (organic, inorganic, cellular, vascular), their individual contribution(s) to the overall functional competence can be elucidated. With few restrictions on sample geometry and a variety of applicable sample-processing routes, a given sample may be conveniently adapted for multiple analytical methods. While a conventional SEM operates at high vacuum conditions that demand clean, dry, and electrically conductive samples, non-conductive materials (e.g., bone) can be imaged without significant modification from the natural state using an environmental scanning electron microscope. This review highlights important insights gained into bone microstructure and pathophysiology, bone response to implanted biomaterials, elemental analysis, SEM in paleoarchaeology, 3D imaging using focused ion beam techniques, correlative microscopy and in situ experiments. The capacity to image seamlessly across multiple length scales within the meso-micro-nano-continuum, the SEM lends itself to many unique and diverse applications, which attest to the versatility and user-friendly nature of this instrument for studying bone. Significant technological developments are anticipated for analysing bone using the SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furqan A. Shah
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Krisztina Ruscsák
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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Shah FA, Thomsen P, Palmquist A. Osseointegration and current interpretations of the bone-implant interface. Acta Biomater 2019; 84:1-15. [PMID: 30445157 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complex physical and chemical interactions take place in the interface between the implant surface and bone. Various descriptions of the ultrastructural arrangement to various implant design features, ranging from solid and macroporous geometries to surface modifications on the micron-, submicron-, and nano- levels, have been put forward. Here, the current knowledge regarding structural organisation of the bone-implant interface is reviewed with a focus on solid devices, mainly metal (or alloy) intended for permanent anchorage in bone. Certain biomaterials that undergo surface and bulk degradation are also considered. The bone-implant interface is a heterogeneous zone consisting of mineralised, partially mineralised, and unmineralised areas. Within the meso-micro-nano-continuum, mineralised collagen fibrils form the structural basis of the bone-implant interface, in addition to accumulation of non-collagenous macromolecules such as osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin. In the published literature, as many as eight distinct arrangements of the bone-implant interface ultrastructure have been described. The interpretation is influenced by the in vivo model and species-specific characteristics, healing time point(s), physico-chemical properties of the implant surface, implant geometry, sample preparation route(s) and associated artefacts, analytical technique(s) and their limitations, and non-compromised vs compromised local tissue conditions. The understanding of the ultrastructure of the interface under experimental conditions is rapidly evolving due to the introduction of novel techniques for sample preparation and analysis. Nevertheless, the current understanding of the interface zone in humans in relation to clinical implant performance is still hampered by the shortcomings of clinical methods for resolving the finer details of the bone-implant interface. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Being a hierarchical material by design, the overall strength of bone is governed by composition and structure. Understanding the structure of the bone-implant interface is essential in the development of novel bone repair materials and strategies, and their long-term success. Here, the current knowledge regarding the eventual structural organisation of the bone-implant interface is reviewed, with a focus on solid devices intended for permanent anchorage in bone, and certain biomaterials that undergo surface and bulk degradation. The bone-implant interface is a heterogeneous zone consisting of mineralised, partially mineralised, and unmineralised areas. Within the meso-micro-nano-continuum, mineralised collagen fibrils form the structural basis of the bone-implant interface, in addition to accumulation of non-collagenous macromolecules such as osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin.
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17
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Pellegrini G, Francetti L, Barbaro B, del Fabbro M. Novel surfaces and osseointegration in implant dentistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 9:e12349. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Pellegrini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences; University of the Study of Milan; Milan Italy
- Institute of Hospitalization and Care with a Scientific Character (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Luca Francetti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences; University of the Study of Milan; Milan Italy
- Institute of Hospitalization and Care with a Scientific Character (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Bruno Barbaro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences; University of the Study of Milan; Milan Italy
- Institute of Hospitalization and Care with a Scientific Character (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Massimo del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences; University of the Study of Milan; Milan Italy
- Institute of Hospitalization and Care with a Scientific Character (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute; Milan Italy
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18
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Palmquist A. A multiscale analytical approach to evaluate osseointegration. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:60. [PMID: 29736606 PMCID: PMC5938308 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Osseointegrated implants are frequently used in reconstructive surgery, both in the dental and orthopedic field, restoring physical function and improving the quality of life for the patients. The bone anchorage is typically evaluated at micrometer resolution, while bone tissue is a dynamic composite material composed of nanoscale collagen fibrils and apatite crystals, with defined hierarchical levels at different length scales. In order to understand the bone formation and the ultrastructure of the interfacial tissue, analytical strategies needs to be implemented enabling multiscale and multimodal analyses of the intact interface. This paper describes a sample preparation route for successive analyses allowing assessment of the different hierarchical levels of interest, going from macro to nano scale and could be implemented on single samples. Examples of resulting analyses of different techniques on one type of implant surface is given, with emphasis on correlating the length scale between the different techniques. The bone-implant interface shows an intimate contact between mineralized collagen bundles and the outermost surface of the oxide layer, while bone mineral is found in the nanoscale surface features creating a functionally graded interface. Osteocytes exhibit a direct contact with the implant surface via canaliculi that house their dendritic processes. Blood vessels are frequently found in close proximity to the implant surface either within the mineralized bone matrix or at regions of remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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19
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Braga NF, Vital DA, Guerrini LM, Lemes AP, Formaggio DMD, Tada DB, Arantes TM, Cristovan FH. PHBV-TiO2
mats prepared by electrospinning technique: Physico-chemical properties and cytocompatibility. Biopolymers 2018; 109:e23120. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.23120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natália F. Braga
- Unifesp-Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Talim. 330; São José dos Campos São Paulo 12231-280 Brazil
| | - Daniel A. Vital
- Unifesp-Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Talim. 330; São José dos Campos São Paulo 12231-280 Brazil
| | - Lilia M. Guerrini
- Unifesp-Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Talim. 330; São José dos Campos São Paulo 12231-280 Brazil
| | - Ana P. Lemes
- Unifesp-Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Talim. 330; São José dos Campos São Paulo 12231-280 Brazil
| | - Daniela M. D. Formaggio
- Unifesp-Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Talim. 330; São José dos Campos São Paulo 12231-280 Brazil
| | - Dayane B. Tada
- Unifesp-Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Talim. 330; São José dos Campos São Paulo 12231-280 Brazil
| | - Tatiane M. Arantes
- Federal University of Jatai-BR 364, km 195, n° 3800; Jatai Goias 75801-615 Brazil
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20
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Li Z, Müller R, Ruffoni D. Bone remodeling and mechanobiology around implants: Insights from small animal imaging. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:584-593. [PMID: 28975660 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Anchorage of orthopedic implants depends on the interfacial bonding between the implant and the host bone as well as on the mass and microstructure of peri-implant bone, with all these factors being continuously regulated by the biological process of bone (re)modeling. In osteoporotic bone, implant integration may be jeopardized not only by lower peri-implant bone quality but also by reduced intrinsic regeneration ability. The first aim of this review is to provide a critical overview of the influence of osteoporosis on bone regeneration post-implantation. Mechanical stimulation can trigger bone formation and inhibit bone resorption; thus, judicious administration of mechanical loading can be used as an effective non-pharmacological treatment to enhance implant anchorage. Our second aim is to report recent achievements on the application of external mechanical stimulation to improve the quantity of peri-implant bone. The review focuses on peri-implant bone changes in osteoporotic conditions and following mechanical loading, prevalently using small animals and in vivo monitoring approaches. We intend to demonstrate the necessity to reveal new biological information on peri-implant bone mechanobiology to better target implant anchorage and fracture fixation in osteoporotic conditions. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:584-593, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Li
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Ruffoni
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Mechanics of Biological and Bioinspired Materials Laboratory, Department of Aerospaceand Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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21
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22
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Sundell G, Dahlin C, Andersson M, Thuvander M. The bone-implant interface of dental implants in humans on the atomic scale. Acta Biomater 2017; 48:445-450. [PMID: 27872014 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Osseointegration of dental implants occurs on a hierarchy of length scales down to the atomic level. A deeper understanding of the complex processes that take place at the surface of an implant on the smallest scale is of interest for the development of improved biomaterials. To date, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been utilized for examination of the bone-implant interface, providing details on the nanometer level. In this study we show that TEM imaging can be complemented with atom probe tomography (APT) to reveal the chemical composition of a Ti-based dental implant in a human jaw on the atomic level of resolution. As the atom probe technique has equal sensitivity for all elements, it allows for 3 dimensional characterizations of osseointegrated interfaces with unprecedented resolution. The APT reconstructions reveal a Ca-enriched zone in the immediate vicinity of the implant surface. A surface oxide of some 5nm thickness was measured on the titanium implant, with a sub-stoichiometric composition with respect to TiO2. Minor incorporation of Ca into the thin oxide film was also evident. We conclude that the APT technique is capable of revealing chemical information from the bone-implant interface in 3D with unprecedented resolution, thus providing important insights into the mechanisms behind osseointegration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Osseointegration of dental implants occurs on a hierarchy of length scales down to the atomic level. A deeper understanding of the complex processes that take place at the surface of an implant on the smallest scale is of interest for the development of improved biomaterials. To date, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been utilized for examination of the bone-implant interface, providing details on the nanometer level. In this study we show that TEM imaging can be complemented with atom probe tomography (APT) to reveal the chemical composition of a Ti-based dental implant in a human jaw on the atomic level of resolution. Correlative microscopy ensures the accuracy of APT reconstructions and helps provide both chemical and structural information of the bone-implant interface on the smallest of length scales.
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23
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Wang X, Shah FA, Palmquist A, Grandfield K. 3D Characterization of Human Nano-osseointegration by On-Axis Electron Tomography without the Missing Wedge. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:49-55. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Furqan A. Shah
- Department
of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- BIOMATCELL
VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Palmquist
- Department
of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- BIOMATCELL
VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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24
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Silva-Bermudez P, Almaguer-Flores A, Garcia VI, Olivares-Navarrete R, Rodil SE. Enhancing the osteoblastic differentiation through nanoscale surface modifications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:498-509. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Phaedra Silva-Bermudez
- Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación; Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos; Calzada México-Xochimilco No. 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe México D.F. 14389 México
| | - Argelia Almaguer-Flores
- Facultad de Odontología, Unidad de Posgrado; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria; México D.F. 04510 México
| | - Victor I. Garcia
- Facultad de Odontología, Unidad de Posgrado; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria; México D.F. 04510 México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond Virginia 23284
| | - Sandra E. Rodil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria México D.F. 04510 México
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25
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Jiang N, Du P, Qu W, Li L, Liu Z, Zhu S. The synergistic effect of TiO 2 nanoporous modification and platelet-rich plasma treatment on titanium-implant stability in ovariectomized rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:4719-4733. [PMID: 27695328 PMCID: PMC5033614 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s113375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For several decades, titanium and its alloys have been commonly utilized for endosseous implantable materials, because of their good mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and biocompatibility. But associated low bone mass, wear and loss characteristics, and high coefficients of friction have limited their long-term stable performance, especially in certain abnormal bone-metabolism conditions, such as postmenopausal osteoporosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment and TiO2 nanoporous modification on the stability of titanium implants in osteoporotic bone. After surface morphology, topographical structure, and chemical changes of implant surface had been detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy, contact-angle measurement, and X-ray diffraction, we firstly assessed in vivo the effect of PRP treatment on osseointegration of TiO2-modified implants in ovariectomized rats by microcomputed tomography examinations, histology, biomechanical testing, and SEM observation. Meanwhile, the potential molecular mechanism involved in peri-implant osseous enhancement was also determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that this TiO2-modified surface was able to lead to improve bone implant contact, while PRP treatment was able to increase the implant surrounding bone mass. The synergistic effect of both was able to enhance the terminal force of implants drastically in biomechanical testing. Compared with surface modification, PRP treatment promoted earlier osteogenesis with increased expression of the RUNX2 and COL1 genes and suppressed osteoclastogenesis with increased expression of OPG and decreased levels of RANKL. These promising results show that PRP treatment combined with a TiO2-nanomodified surface can improve titanium-implant biomechanical stability in ovariectomized rats, suggesting a beneficial effect to support the success of implants in osteoporotic bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu; Yantai City Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinggong Du
- Yantai City Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Qu
- Yantai City Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Yantai City Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghao Liu
- Yantai City Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Songsong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu
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26
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Shah FA, Johansson ML, Omar O, Simonsson H, Palmquist A, Thomsen P. Laser-Modified Surface Enhances Osseointegration and Biomechanical Anchorage of Commercially Pure Titanium Implants for Bone-Anchored Hearing Systems. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157504. [PMID: 27299883 PMCID: PMC4907497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osseointegrated implants inserted in the temporal bone are a vital component of bone-anchored hearing systems (BAHS). Despite low implant failure levels, early loading protocols and simplified procedures necessitate the application of implants which promote bone formation, bone bonding and biomechanical stability. Here, screw-shaped, commercially pure titanium implants were selectively laser ablated within the thread valley using an Nd:YAG laser to produce a microtopography with a superimposed nanotexture and a thickened surface oxide layer. State-of-the-art machined implants served as controls. After eight weeks' implantation in rabbit tibiae, resonance frequency analysis (RFA) values increased from insertion to retrieval for both implant types, while removal torque (RTQ) measurements showed 153% higher biomechanical anchorage of the laser-modified implants. Comparably high bone area (BA) and bone-implant contact (BIC) were recorded for both implant types but with distinctly different failure patterns following biomechanical testing. Fracture lines appeared within the bone ~30-50 μm from the laser-modified surface, while separation occurred at the bone-implant interface for the machined surface. Strong correlations were found between RTQ and BIC and between RFA at retrieval and BA. In the endosteal threads, where all the bone had formed de novo, the extracellular matrix composition, the mineralised bone area and osteocyte densities were comparable for the two types of implant. Using resin cast etching, osteocyte canaliculi were observed directly approaching the laser-modified implant surface. Transmission electron microscopy showed canaliculi in close proximity to the laser-modified surface, in addition to a highly ordered arrangement of collagen fibrils aligned parallel to the implant surface contour. It is concluded that the physico-chemical surface properties of laser-modified surfaces (thicker oxide, micro- and nanoscale texture) promote bone bonding which may be of benefit in situations where large demands are imposed on biomechanically stable interfaces, such as in early loading and in compromised conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furqan A. Shah
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin L. Johansson
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Oticon Medical AB, Askim, Sweden
| | - Omar Omar
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Simonsson
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Oticon Medical AB, Askim, Sweden
| | - Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Thomsen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden
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27
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Recco MS, Floriano AC, Tada DB, Lemes AP, Lang R, Cristovan FH. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate)/poly(3-thiophene ethyl acetate) blends as a electroactive biomaterial substrate for tissue engineering application. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26747a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyblend films based on poly(3-hydroxybutirate-co-valerate) and poly(3-thiophene ethyl acetate) – PHBV/PTAcEt showed low cytotoxicity, good adhesion and mammalian cell proliferation. The physical–chemical properties were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Recco
- Institute of Science and Technology
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP
- São José dos Campos
- Brazil
| | - A. C. Floriano
- Institute of Science and Technology
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP
- São José dos Campos
- Brazil
| | - D. B. Tada
- Institute of Science and Technology
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP
- São José dos Campos
- Brazil
| | - A. P. Lemes
- Institute of Science and Technology
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP
- São José dos Campos
- Brazil
| | - R. Lang
- Institute of Science and Technology
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP
- São José dos Campos
- Brazil
| | - F. H. Cristovan
- Institute of Science and Technology
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP
- São José dos Campos
- Brazil
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28
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Li Y, Qi Y, Gao Q, Niu Q, Shen M, Fu Q, Hu K, Kong L. Effects of a micro/nano rough strontium-loaded surface on osseointegration. Int J Nanomedicine 2015. [PMID: 26213468 PMCID: PMC4509532 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s84398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a hierarchical hybrid micro/nanorough strontium-loaded Ti (MNT-Sr) surface fabricated through hydrofluoric acid etching followed by magnetron sputtering and evaluated the effects of this surface on osseointegration. Samples with a smooth Ti (ST) surface, micro Ti (MT) surface treated with hydrofluoric acid etching, and strontium-loaded nano Ti (NT-Sr) surface treated with SrTiO3 target deposited via magnetron sputtering technique were investigated in parallel for comparison. The results showed that MNT-Sr surfaces were prepared successfully and with high interface bonding strength. Moreover, slow Sr release could be detected when the MNT-Sr and NT-Sr samples were immersed in phosphate-buffered saline. In in vitro experiments, the MNT-Sr surface significantly improved the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts compared with the other three groups. Twelve weeks after the four different surface implants were inserted into the distal femurs of 40 rats, the bone–implant contact in the ST, MT, NT-Sr, and MNT-Sr groups were 39.70%±6.00%, 57.60%±7.79%, 46.10%±5.51%, and 70.38%±8.61%, respectively. In terms of the mineral apposition ratio, the MNT-Sr group increased by 129%, 58%, and 25% compared with the values of the ST, MT, and NT-Sr groups, respectively. Moreover, the maximal pullout force in the MNT-Sr group was 1.12-, 0.31-, and 0.69-fold higher than the values of the ST, MT, and NT-Sr groups, respectively. These results suggested that the MNT-Sr surface has a synergistic effect of hierarchical micro/nano-topography and strontium for enhanced osseointegration, and it may be a promising option for clinical use. Compared with the MT surface, the NT-Sr surface significantly improved the differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro. In the in vivo animal experiment, the MT surface significantly enhanced the bone-implant contact and maximal pullout force than the NT-Sr surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Qi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Stomatology, PLA 458 Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Karlsson J, Atefyekta S, Andersson M. Controlling drug delivery kinetics from mesoporous titania thin films by pore size and surface energy. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:4425-36. [PMID: 26185444 PMCID: PMC4501225 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s83005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The osseointegration capacity of bone-anchoring implants can be improved by the use of drugs that are administrated by an inbuilt drug delivery system. However, to attain superior control of drug delivery and to have the ability to administer drugs of varying size, including proteins, further material development of drug carriers is needed. Mesoporous materials have shown great potential in drug delivery applications to provide and maintain a drug concentration within the therapeutic window for the desired period of time. Moreover, drug delivery from coatings consisting of mesoporous titania has shown to be promising to improve healing of bone-anchoring implants. Here we report on how the delivery of an osteoporosis drug, alendronate, can be controlled by altering pore size and surface energy of mesoporous titania thin films. The pore size was varied from 3.4 nm to 7.2 nm by the use of different structure-directing templates and addition of a swelling agent. The surface energy was also altered by grafting dimethylsilane to the pore walls. The drug uptake and release profiles were monitored in situ using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and it was shown that both pore size and surface energy had a profound effect on both the adsorption and release kinetics of alendronate. The QCM-D data provided evidence that the drug delivery from mesoporous titania films is controlled by a binding-diffusion mechanism. The yielded knowledge of release kinetics is crucial in order to improve the in vivo tissue response associated to therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Karlsson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Saba Atefyekta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Andersson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Shah FA, Wang X, Thomsen P, Grandfield K, Palmquist A. High-Resolution Visualization of the Osteocyte Lacuno-Canalicular Network Juxtaposed to the Surface of Nanotextured Titanium Implants in Human. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:305-313. [DOI: 10.1021/ab500127y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | | | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
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Shah FA, Nilson B, Brånemark R, Thomsen P, Palmquist A. The bone-implant interface – nanoscale analysis of clinically retrieved dental implants. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:1729-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Karlsson J, Sundell G, Thuvander M, Andersson M. Atomically resolved tissue integration. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:4220-4223. [PMID: 24989063 DOI: 10.1021/nl501564f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the field of biomedical technology, a critical aspect is the ability to control and understand the integration of an implantable device in living tissue. Despite the technical advances in the development of biomaterials, the elaborate interplay encompassing materials science and biology on the atomic level is not very well understood. Within implantology, anchoring a biomaterial device into bone tissue is termed osseointegration. In the most accepted theory, osseointegration is defined as an interfacial bonding between implant and bone; however, there is lack of experimental evidence to confirm this. Here we show that atom probe tomography can be used to study the implant-tissue interaction, allowing for three-dimensional atomic mapping of the interface region. Interestingly, our analyses demonstrated that direct contact between Ca atoms and the implanted titanium oxide surface is formed without the presence of a protein interlayer, which means that a pure inorganic interface is created, hence giving experimental support to the current theory of osseointegration. We foresee that this result will be of importance in the development of future biomaterials as well as in the design of in vitro evaluation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Karlsson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology , Kemivägen 10 SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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