1
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Guédez G, Loers G, Jeffries CM, Kozak S, Meijers R, Svergun DI, Schachner M, Löw C. X-ray structure and function of fibronectin domains two and three of the neural cell adhesion molecule L1. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22823. [PMID: 36809668 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201511r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM, L1 in short) plays crucial roles during neural development, regeneration after injury, synapse formation, synaptic plasticity and tumor cell migration. L1 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and comprises in its extracellular part six immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains and five fibronectin type III homologous repeats (FNs). The second Ig-like domain has been validated for self- (so-called homophilic) binding between cells. Antibodies against this domain inhibit neuronal migration in vitro and in vivo. The fibronectin type III homologous repeats FN2 and FN3 bind small molecule agonistic L1 mimetics and contribute to signal transduction. FN3 has a stretch of 25 amino acids that can be triggered with a monoclonal antibody, or the L1 mimetics, to enhance neurite outgrowth and neuronal cell migration in vitro and in vivo. To correlate the structural features of these FNs with function, we determined a high-resolution crystal structure of a FN2FN3 fragment, which is functionally active in cerebellar granule cells and binds several mimetics. The structure illustrates that both domains are connected by a short linker sequence allowing a flexible and largely independent organization of both domains. This becomes further evident by comparing the X-ray crystal structure with models derived from Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) data for FN2FN3 in solution. Based on the X-ray crystal structure, we identified five glycosylation sites which we believe are crucial for folding and stability of these domains. Our study signifies an advance in the understanding of structure-functional relationships of L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Guédez
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Hamburg, Germany.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit c/o Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cy M Jeffries
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit c/o Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Kozak
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit c/o Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rob Meijers
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit c/o Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Protein Innovation, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dmitri I Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit c/o Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christian Löw
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Hamburg, Germany.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit c/o Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Stoyanova II, Lutz D. Functional Diversity of Neuronal Cell Adhesion and Recognition Molecule L1CAM through Proteolytic Cleavage. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193085. [PMID: 36231047 PMCID: PMC9562852 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal cell adhesion and recognition molecule L1 does not only 'keep cells together' by way of homophilic and heterophilic interactions, but can also promote cell motility when cleaved into fragments by several proteases. It has largely been thought that such fragments are signs of degradation. Now, it is clear that proteolysis contributes to the pronounced functional diversity of L1, which we have reviewed in this work. L1 fragments generated at the plasma membrane are released into the extracellular space, whereas other membrane-bound fragments are internalised and enter the nucleus, thus conveying extracellular signals to the cell interior. Post-translational modifications on L1 determine the sequence of cleavage by proteases and the subcellular localisation of the generated fragments. Inside the neuronal cells, L1 fragments interact with various binding partners to facilitate morphogenic events, as well as regenerative processes. The stimulation of L1 proteolysis via injection of L1 peptides or proteases active on L1 or L1 mimetics is a promising tool for therapy of injured nervous systems. The collective findings gathered over the years not only shed light on the great functional diversity of L1 and its fragments, but also provide novel mechanistic insights into the adhesion molecule proteolysis that is active in the developing and diseased nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I. Stoyanova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
- Department of Brain Ischemia Mechanisms, Research Institute, Medical University, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (I.I.S.); (D.L.)
| | - David Lutz
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum,
44801 Bochum, Germany
- Correspondence: (I.I.S.); (D.L.)
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3
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Wrestling and Wrapping: A Perspective on SUMO Proteins in Schwann Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071055. [PMID: 34356679 PMCID: PMC8301837 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cell development and peripheral nerve myelination are finely orchestrated multistep processes; some of the underlying mechanisms are well described and others remain unknown. Many posttranslational modifications (PTMs) like phosphorylation and ubiquitination have been reported to play a role during the normal development of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and in demyelinating neuropathies. However, a relatively novel PTM, SUMOylation, has not been studied in these contexts. SUMOylation involves the covalent attachment of one or more small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins to a substrate, which affects the function, cellular localization, and further PTMs of the conjugated protein. SUMOylation also regulates other proteins indirectly by facilitating non-covalent protein–protein interaction via SUMO interaction motifs (SIM). This pathway has important consequences on diverse cellular processes, and dysregulation of this pathway has been reported in several diseases including neurological and degenerative conditions. In this article, we revise the scarce literature on SUMOylation in Schwann cells and the PNS, we propose putative substrate proteins, and we speculate on potential mechanisms underlying the possible involvement of this PTM in peripheral myelination and neuropathies.
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4
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Wilson ER, Della-Flora Nunes G, Weaver MR, Frick LR, Feltri ML. Schwann cell interactions during the development of the peripheral nervous system. Dev Neurobiol 2020; 81:464-489. [PMID: 32281247 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells play a critical role in the development of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), establishing important relationships both with the extracellular milieu and other cell types, particularly neurons. In this review, we discuss various Schwann cell interactions integral to the proper establishment, spatial arrangement, and function of the PNS. We include signals that cascade onto Schwann cells from axons and from the extracellular matrix, bidirectional signals that help to establish the axo-glial relationship and how Schwann cells in turn support the axon. Further, we speculate on how Schwann cell interactions with other components of the developing PNS ultimately promote the complete construction of the peripheral nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Wilson
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gustavo Della-Flora Nunes
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael R Weaver
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Luciana R Frick
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M Laura Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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5
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Ji J, Moquin A, Bertorelle F, KY Chang P, Antoine R, Luo J, McKinney RA, Maysinger D. Organotypic and primary neural cultures as models to assess effects of different gold nanostructures on glia and neurons. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:285-304. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1543468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Ji
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexandre Moquin
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Franck Bertorelle
- CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, Université Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Philip KY Chang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Rodolphe Antoine
- CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, Université Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Julia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - R. Anne McKinney
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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6
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Singla R, Abidi SMS, Dar AI, Acharya A. Nanomaterials as potential and versatile platform for next generation tissue engineering applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 107:2433-2449. [PMID: 30690870 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is an emerging field where alternate/artificial tissues or organ substitutes are implanted to mimic the functionality of damaged or injured tissues. Earlier efforts were made to develop natural, synthetic, or semisynthetic materials for skin equivalents to treat burns or skin wounds. Nowadays, many more tissues like bone, cardiac, cartilage, heart, liver, cornea, blood vessels, and so forth are being engineered using 3-D biomaterial constructs or scaffolds that could deliver active molecules such as peptides or growth factors. Nanomaterials (NMs) due to their unique mechanical, electrical, and optical properties possess significant opportunities in TE applications. Traditional TE scaffolds were based on hydrolytically degradable macroporous materials, whereas current approaches emphasize on controlling cell behaviors and tissue formation by nano-scale topography that closely mimics the natural extracellular matrix. This review article gives a comprehensive outlook of different organ specific NMs which are being used for diversified TE applications. Varieties of NMs are known to serve as biological alternatives to repair or replace a portion or whole of the nonfunctional or damaged tissue. NMs may promote greater amounts of specific interactions stimulated at the cellular level, ultimately leading to more efficient new tissue formation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2433-2449, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubbel Singla
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Syed M S Abidi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Aqib Iqbal Dar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Amitabha Acharya
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
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7
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Alghrair ZK, Fernig DG, Ebrahimi B. Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide-noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:1038-1047. [PMID: 31165030 PMCID: PMC6541353 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The influenza ("flu") type-A virus is a major medical and veterinary health concern and causes global pandemics. The peptide "FluPep" is an established inhibitor of influenza virus infectivity in model systems. We have explored the potential for noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates of FluPep to enhance its antiviral activity and to determine their potential as a delivery platform for FluPep. FluPep ligand is FluPep extended at its N-terminus with the sequence CVVVTAAA, to allow for its incorporation into a mixed-matrix ligand shell of a peptidol and an alkanethiol ethylene glycol consisting of 70% CVVVTol and 30% HS(CH2)11(OC2H4)4OH (mol/mol). Gold and silver nanoparticles (ca. 10 nm diameter) with up to 5% (mol/mol) FluPep ligand remained as stable as the control of mixed-matrix-passivated nanoparticles in a variety of tests, including ligand exchange with dithiothreitol. The free FluPep ligand peptide was found to inhibit viral plaque formation in canine MDCK cells (IC50 = 2.1 nM), but was less potent than FluPep itself (IC50 = 140 pM). Nanoparticles functionalised with FluPep ligand showed enhanced antiviral activity compared to the free peptides. The IC50 value of the FluPep-functionalised nanoparticles decreased as the grafting density of FluPep ligand increased from 0.03% to 5% (both mol/mol), with IC50 values down to about 10% of that of the corresponding free peptide. The data demonstrate that conjugation of FluPep to gold and silver nanoparticles enhances its antiviral potency; the antimicrobial activity of silver ions may enable the design of even more potent antimicrobial inhibitors, capable of targeting both influenza and bacterial co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid K Alghrair
- Department of Biochemistry Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - David G Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Bahram Ebrahimi
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
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8
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Localising functionalised gold-nanoparticles in murine spinal cords by X-ray fluorescence imaging and background-reduction through spatial filtering for human-sized objects. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16561. [PMID: 30410002 PMCID: PMC6224495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate in vivo localisation of minimal amounts of functionalised gold-nanoparticles, enabling e.g. early-tumour diagnostics and pharmacokinetic tracking studies, requires a precision imaging system offering very high sensitivity, temporal and spatial resolution, large depth penetration, and arbitrarily long serial measurements. X-ray fluorescence imaging could offer such capabilities; however, its utilisation for human-sized scales is hampered by a high intrinsic background level. Here we measure and model this anisotropic background and present a spatial filtering scheme for background reduction enabling the localisation of nanoparticle-amounts as reported from small-animal tumour models. As a basic application study towards precision pharmacokinetics, we demonstrate specific localisation to sites of disease by adapting gold-nanoparticles with small targeting ligands in murine spinal cord injury models, at record sensitivity levels using sub-mm resolution. Both studies contribute to the future use of molecularly-targeted gold-nanoparticles as next-generation clinical diagnostic and pharmacokinetic tools.
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9
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Yang C, Bromma K, Chithrani D. Peptide Mediated In Vivo Tumor Targeting of Nanoparticles through Optimization in Single and Multilayer In Vitro Cell Models. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10030084. [PMID: 29558451 PMCID: PMC5876659 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10030084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimizing the interface between nanoparticles (NPs) and the biological environment at various levels should be considered for improving delivery of NPs to the target tumor area. For NPs to be successfully delivered to cancer cells, NPs needs to be functionalized for circulation through the blood vessels. In this study, accumulation of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) functionalized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) was first tested using in vitro monolayer cells and multilayer cell models prior to in vivo models. A diameter of 10 nm sized GNP was selected for this study for sufficient penetration through tumor tissue. The surfaces of the GNPs were modified with PEG molecules, to improve circulation time by reducing non-specific uptake by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in animal models, and with a peptide containing integrin binding domain, RGD (arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid), to improve internalization at the cellular level. A 10-12% accumulation of the injected GNP dose within the tumor was observed in vivo and the GNPs remained within the tumor tissue up to 72 h. This study suggests an in vitro platform for optimizing the accumulation of NP complexes in cells and tissue structures before testing them in animal models. Higher accumulation within the tumor in vivo upon surface modification is a promising outcome for future applications where GNPs can be used for drug delivery and radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Yang
- Department of Biomedical Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Kyle Bromma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
| | - Devika Chithrani
- Department of Biomedical Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
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10
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Kataria H, Lutz D, Chaudhary H, Schachner M, Loers G. Small Molecule Agonists of Cell Adhesion Molecule L1 Mimic L1 Functions In Vivo. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:4461-83. [PMID: 26253722 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lack of permissive mechanisms and abundance of inhibitory molecules in the lesioned central nervous system of adult mammals contribute to the failure of functional recovery after injury, leading to severe disabilities in motor functions and pain. Peripheral nerve injury impairs motor, sensory, and autonomic functions, particularly in cases where nerve gaps are large and chronic nerve injury ensues. Previous studies have indicated that the neural cell adhesion molecule L1 constitutes a viable target to promote regeneration after acute injury. We screened libraries of known drugs for small molecule agonists of L1 and evaluated the effect of hit compounds in cell-based assays in vitro and in mice after femoral nerve and spinal cord injuries in vivo. We identified eight small molecule L1 agonists and showed in cell-based assays that they stimulate neuronal survival, neuronal migration, and neurite outgrowth and enhance Schwann cell proliferation and migration and myelination of neurons in an L1-dependent manner. In a femoral nerve injury mouse model, enhanced functional regeneration and remyelination after application of the L1 agonists were observed. In a spinal cord injury mouse model, L1 agonists improved recovery of motor functions, being paralleled by enhanced remyelination, neuronal survival, and monoaminergic innervation, reduced astrogliosis, and activation of microglia. Together, these findings suggest that application of small organic compounds that bind to L1 and stimulate the beneficial homophilic L1 functions may prove to be a valuable addition to treatments of nervous system injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Kataria
- Institut für Biosynthese Neuraler Strukturen, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum-Hamburg Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Lutz
- Institut für Biosynthese Neuraler Strukturen, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum-Hamburg Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harshita Chaudhary
- Institut für Biosynthese Neuraler Strukturen, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum-Hamburg Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Institut für Biosynthese Neuraler Strukturen, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum-Hamburg Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Schulz F, Dahl GT, Besztejan S, Schroer MA, Lehmkühler F, Grübel G, Vossmeyer T, Lange H. Ligand Layer Engineering To Control Stability and Interfacial Properties of Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:7897-907. [PMID: 27458652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of mixed ligand layers including poly(ethylene glycol)-based ligands for the functionalization of nanoparticles is a very popular strategy in the context of nanomedicine. However, it is challenging to control the composition of the ligand layer and maintain high colloidal and chemical stability of the conjugates. A high level of control and stability are crucial for reproducibility, upscaling, and safe application. In this study, gold nanoparticles with well-defined mixed ligand layers of α-methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-ω-(11-mercaptoundecanoate) (PEGMUA) and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) were synthesized and characterized by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and gel electrophoresis. The colloidal and chemical stability of the conjugates was tested by dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and UV/vis spectroscopy based experiments, and their interactions with cells were analyzed by elemental analysis. We demonstrate that the alkylene spacer in PEGMUA is the key feature for the controlled synthesis of mixed layer conjugates with very high colloidal and chemical stability and that a controlled synthesis is not possible using regular PEG ligands without the alkylene spacer. With the results of our stability tests, the molecular structure of the ligands can be clearly linked to the colloidal and chemical stabilization. We expect that the underlying design principle can be generalized to improve the level of control in nanoparticle surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schulz
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gregor T Dahl
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Besztejan
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg , Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Vossmeyer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Schulz F, Friedrich W, Hoppe K, Vossmeyer T, Weller H, Lange H. Effective PEGylation of gold nanorods. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:7296-308. [PMID: 26975977 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00607h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Standard procedures to coat gold nanorods (AuNR) with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based ligands are not reliable and high PEG-grafting densities are not achieved. In this work, the ligand exchange of AuNR with PEGMUA, a tailored PEG-ligand bearing a C10 alkylene spacer, is studied. PEGMUA provides AuNR with very high stability against oxidative etching with cyanide. This etching reaction is utilized to study the ligand exchange in detail. Ligand exchange is faster, less ligand consuming and more reproducible with assisting chloroform extraction. Compared to PEG ligands commonly used, PEGMUA provides much higher colloidal and chemical stability. Further analyses based on NMR-, IR- and UV/Vis-spectroscopy reveal that significantly higher PEG-grafting densities, up to ∼3 nm(-2), are obtained with PEGMUA. This demonstrates how the molecular structure of the PEG ligand can be used to dramatically improve the ligand exchange and to synthesize PEGylated AuNR with high chemical and colloidal stability and high PEG grafting densities. Such AuNR are especially interesting for applications in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schulz
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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13
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Mogoşanu GD, Grumezescu AM, Bejenaru C, Bejenaru LE. Polymeric protective agents for nanoparticles in drug delivery and targeting. Int J Pharm 2016; 510:419-29. [PMID: 26972379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification/functionalization of nanoparticles (NPs) using polymeric protective agents is an issue of great importance and actuality for drug delivery and targeting. Improving the blood circulation half-life of surface-protected nanocarriers is closely related to the elimination of main biological barriers and limiting factors (protein absorption and opsonization), due to the phagocytic activity of reticuloendothelial system. For passive or active targeted delivery, in biomedical area, surface-functionalized NPs with tissue-recognition ligands were designed and optimized as a result of modern research techniques. Also, multi-functionalized nanostructures are characterized by enhanced bioavailability, efficacy, targeted localization, active cellular uptake, and low side effects. Surface-protected NPs are obtained from biocompatible, biodegradable and less toxic natural polymers (dextran, β-cyclodextrin, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, heparin, gelatin) or synthetic polymers, such as poly(lactic acid), poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid, poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(alkyl cyanoacrylates). PEGylation is one of the most important functionalization methods providing steric stabilization, long circulating and 'stealth' properties for both polymeric and inorganic-based nanosystems. In addition, for their antimicrobial, antiviral and antitumor effects, cutting-edge researches in the field of pharmaceutical nanobiotechnology highlighted the importance of noble metal (platinum, gold, silver) NPs decorated with biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Dan Mogoşanu
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxidic Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Bejenaru
- Department of Vegetal & Animal Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ludovic Everard Bejenaru
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Colombo F, Meldolesi J. L1-CAM and N-CAM: From Adhesion Proteins to Pharmacological Targets. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:769-781. [PMID: 26478212 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1-CAM) and neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), key members of the immunoglobulin-like CAM (Ig-CAM) family, were first recognized to play critical roles in surface interactions of neurons, by binding with each other and with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Subsequently, adhesion was recognized to include signaling due to both activation of β-integrin, with the generation of intracellular cascades, and integration with the surface cytoskeleton. The importance of the two Ig-CAMs was revealed by their activation of the tyrosine kinase receptors of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and nerve growth factor (NGF). Based on these complex signaling properties, L1-CAM and N-CAM have become of great potential pharmacological interest in neurons and cancers. Treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive deficits of neurons is aimed to increase the cell Ig-CAM tone, possibly provided by synthetic/mimetic peptides. In cancer cells, where Ig-CAMs are often overexpressed, the proteins are employed for prognosis. The approaches to therapy are based on protein downregulation, antibodies, and adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Colombo
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and S. Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Meldolesi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and S. Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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15
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Velasco-Aguirre C, Morales F, Gallardo-Toledo E, Guerrero S, Giralt E, Araya E, Kogan MJ. Peptides and proteins used to enhance gold nanoparticle delivery to the brain: preclinical approaches. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:4919-36. [PMID: 26300639 PMCID: PMC4536840 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s82310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An exciting and emerging field in nanomedicine involves the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the preclinical development of new strategies for the treatment and diagnosis of brain-related diseases such as neurodegeneration and cerebral tumors. The treatment of many brain-related disorders with AuNPs, which possess useful physical properties, is limited by the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB highly regulates the substances that can permeate into the brain. Peptides and proteins may represent promising tools to improve the delivery of AuNPs to the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we summarize the potential applications of AuNPs to CNS disorders, discuss different strategies based on the use of peptides or proteins to improve the delivery of AuNPs to the brain, and examine the intranasal administration route, which bypasses the BBB. We also analyze the potential neurotoxicity of AuNPs and the perspectives and new challenges concerning the use of peptides and proteins to enhance the delivery of AuNPs to the brain. The majority of the work described in this review is in a preclinical stage of experimentation, or in select cases, in clinical trials in humans. We note that the use of AuNPs still requires substantial study before being translated into human applications. However, for further clinical research, the issues related to the potential use of AuNPs must be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Velasco-Aguirre
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Morales
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Gallardo-Toledo
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Simon Guerrero
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eyleen Araya
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo J Kogan
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
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16
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Papastefanaki F, Jakovcevski I, Poulia N, Djogo N, Schulz F, Martinovic T, Ciric D, Loers G, Vossmeyer T, Weller H, Schachner M, Matsas R. Intraspinal Delivery of Polyethylene Glycol-coated Gold Nanoparticles Promotes Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Ther 2015; 23:993-1002. [PMID: 25807288 PMCID: PMC4817765 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Failure of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) to regenerate effectively after injury leads to mostly irreversible functional impairment. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are promising candidates for drug delivery in combination with tissue-compatible reagents, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEG administration in CNS injury models has received interest for potential therapy, but toxicity and low bioavailability prevents clinical application. Here we show that intraspinal delivery of PEG-functionalized 40-nm-AuNPs at early stages after mouse spinal cord injury is beneficial for recovery. Positive outcome of hind limb motor function was accompanied by attenuated inflammatory response, enhanced motor neuron survival, and increased myelination of spared or regrown/sprouted axons. No adverse effects, such as body weight loss, ill health, or increased mortality were observed. We propose that PEG-AuNPs represent a favorable drug-delivery platform with therapeutic potential that could be further enhanced if PEG-AuNPs are used as carriers of regeneration-promoting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentia Papastefanaki
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Igor Jakovcevski
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology, University Hospital Cologne, Köln, Germany; Current address: German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nafsika Poulia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Nevena Djogo
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schulz
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tamara Martinovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Darko Ciric
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gabrielle Loers
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Vossmeyer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Guandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rebecca Matsas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece.
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Sun L, Qiang R, Yang Y, Jiang ZL, Wang GH, Zhao GW, Ren TJ, Jiang R, Xu LH. L-serine treatment may improve neurorestoration of rats after permanent focal cerebral ischemia potentially through improvement of neurorepair. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93405. [PMID: 24671106 PMCID: PMC3966884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to clarify whether treatment with L-serine can improve the brain repair and neurorestoration of rats after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). After pMCAO, the neurological functions, brain lesion volume, and cortical injury were determined. GDNF, NGF, NCAM L1, tenascin-C, and Nogo-A levels were measured. Proliferation and differentiation of the neural stem cells (NSCs) and proliferation of the microvessels in the ischemic boundary zone of the cortex were evaluated. Treatment with L-serine (168 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) began 3 h after pMCAO and was repeated every 12 h for 7 days or until the end of the experiment. L-Serine treatment: 1) reduced the lesion volume and neuronal loss; 2) improved the recovery of neurological functions; 3) elevated the expression of nerve growth-related factors; and 4) facilitated the proliferation of endogenous NSCs and microvessels activated after pMCAO and increased the number of new-born neurons. 5) D-cycloserine, an inhibitor of serine hydroxymethyltransferase, blunted the effects of L-serine on NSC proliferation, differentiation, microvascular proliferation. In conclusions, L-serine treatment in pMCAO rats can reduce brain injury and facilitate neurorestoration which is partly associated with the improvement of proliferation of NSCs and microvessels, reconstruction of neurovascular units and resultant neurorepair. The effects of L-serine on endogenous NSC proliferation and microvascular proliferation are partly mediated by the action of L-serine as a substrate for the production of one-carbon groups used for purine and pyrimidine synthesis and modulation of the expression of some nerve growth-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ren Qiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (ZLJ); (YY)
| | - Zheng-Lin Jiang
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (ZLJ); (YY)
| | - Guo-Hua Wang
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang-Wei Zhao
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao-Jie Ren
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Hua Xu
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
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