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Abstract
Biocatalysis has an enormous impact on chemical synthesis. The waves in which biocatalysis has developed, and in doing so changed our perception of what organic chemistry is, were reviewed 20 and 10 years ago. Here we review the consequences of these waves of development. Nowadays, hydrolases are widely used on an industrial scale for the benign synthesis of commodity and bulk chemicals and are fully developed. In addition, further enzyme classes are gaining ever increasing interest. Particularly, enzymes catalysing selective C-C-bond formation reactions and enzymes catalysing selective oxidation and reduction reactions are solving long-standing synthetic challenges in organic chemistry. Combined efforts from molecular biology, systems biology, organic chemistry and chemical engineering will establish a whole new toolbox for chemistry. Recent developments are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Hanefeld
- Biocatalysis, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Biocatalysis, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, The Netherlands.
| | - Caroline E Paul
- Biocatalysis, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, The Netherlands.
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2
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Cigan E, Eggbauer B, Schrittwieser JH, Kroutil W. The role of biocatalysis in the asymmetric synthesis of alkaloids - an update. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28223-28270. [PMID: 35480754 PMCID: PMC9038100 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04181a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are a group of natural products with interesting pharmacological properties and a long history of medicinal application. Their complex molecular structures have fascinated chemists for decades, and their total synthesis still poses a considerable challenge. In a previous review, we have illustrated how biocatalysis can make valuable contributions to the asymmetric synthesis of alkaloids. The chemo-enzymatic strategies discussed therein have been further explored and improved in recent years, and advances in amine biocatalysis have vastly expanded the opportunities for incorporating enzymes into synthetic routes towards these important natural products. The present review summarises modern developments in chemo-enzymatic alkaloid synthesis since 2013, in which the biocatalytic transformations continue to take an increasingly 'central' role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Cigan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Bettina Eggbauer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Joerg H Schrittwieser
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
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3
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Li HH, Li JQ, Zheng X, Huang PQ. Photoredox-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling of α-Amino Acids with Nitrones. Org Lett 2021; 23:876-880. [PMID: 33433222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A decarboxylative cross-coupling reaction of α-amino acids with nitrones via visible-light-induced photoredox catalysis has been established for easy access to β-amino hydroxylamines and vicinal diamines with structural diversity, which is featured with simple operation, mild conditions, readily available α-amino acids, and a broad scope of nitrone substrates. The application of this protocol can furnish efficient synthetic strategies for some valuable vicinal diamine-containing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Hui Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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4
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Harit VK, Ramesh NG. A common strategy towards the synthesis of 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-l-xylitol, deacetyl (+)-anisomycin and amino-substituted piperidine iminosugars. Carbohydr Res 2020; 492:107988. [PMID: 32387805 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.107988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A strategy towards the synthesis of three different target molecules, namely 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-l-xylitol, deacetyl (+)-anisomycin and amino-substituted piperidine iminosugars, molecules of potential biological and medicinal significance, is reported from a common amino-vicinal diol intermediate derived from tri-O-benzyl-d-glucal. Construction of the key pyrrolidine ring present in 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-l-xylitol and (+)-anisomycin was a consequence of thermodynamically driven concomitant intramolecular nucleophilic addition reaction of the amino group to the resultant aldehyde obtained by oxidative cleavage of the amino-vicinal diol. Alternatively, double nucleophilic substitution on an amino-diol, after mesylation, with various amines delivered amino-substituted piperidine iminosugars in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Kant Harit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Namakkal G Ramesh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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5
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Massicot F, Messire G, Vallée A, Vasse JL, Py S, Behr JB. Regiospecific formation of sugar-derived ketonitrone towards unconventional C-branched pyrrolizidines and indolizidines. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7066-7077. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01419e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of unprecedented branched pyrrolizidines and indolizidines was accomplished via nitrone chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gatien Messire
- Univ. Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- ICMR
- 51687 Reims Cedex 2
- France
| | - Alexis Vallée
- Univ. Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- ICMR
- 51687 Reims Cedex 2
- France
| | - Jean-Luc Vasse
- Univ. Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- ICMR
- 51687 Reims Cedex 2
- France
| | - Sandrine Py
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- DCM
- F-38000 Grenoble
- France
- CNRS
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6
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Díaz-Lobo M, Concia AL, Gómez L, Clapés P, Fita I, Guinovart JJ, Ferrer JC. Inhibitory properties of 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol (DAB) derivatives acting on glycogen metabolising enzymes. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:9105-9113. [PMID: 27714243 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01543c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase (GS) and glycogen phosphorylase (GP) are the key enzymes that control, respectively, the synthesis and degradation of glycogen, a multi-branched glucose polymer that serves as a form of energy storage in bacteria, fungi and animals. An abnormal glycogen metabolism is associated with several human diseases. Thus, GS and GP constitute adequate pharmacological targets to modulate cellular glycogen levels by means of their selective inhibition. The compound 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol (DAB) is a known potent inhibitor of GP. We studied the inhibitory effect of DAB, its enantiomer LAB, and 29 DAB derivatives on the activity of rat muscle glycogen phosphorylase (RMGP) and E. coli glycogen synthase (EcGS). The isoform 4 of sucrose synthase (SuSy4) from Solanum tuberosum L. was also included in the study for comparative purposes. Although these three enzymes possess highly conserved catalytic site architectures, the DAB derivatives analysed showed extremely diverse inhibitory potential. Subtle changes in the positions of crucial residues in their active sites are sufficient to discriminate among the structural differences of the tested inhibitors. For the two Leloir-type enzymes, EcGS and SuSy4, which use sugar nucleotides as donors, the inhibitory potency of the compounds analysed was synergistically enhanced by more than three orders of magnitude in the presence of ADP and UDP, respectively. Our results are consistent with a model in which these compounds bind to the subsite in the active centre of the enzymes that is normally occupied by the glucosyl residue which is transferred between donor and acceptor substrates. The ability to selectively inhibit the catalytic activity of the key enzymes of the glycogen metabolism may represent a new approach for the treatment of disorders of the glycogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Díaz-Lobo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain. and Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alda Lisa Concia
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Livia Gómez
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Clapés
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fita
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain. and Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan C Ferrer
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Hönig M, Sondermann P, Turner NJ, Carreira EM. Enantioselective Chemo- and Biocatalysis: Partners in Retrosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8942-8973. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Hönig
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Philipp Sondermann
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology & School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Erick M. Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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8
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Hönig M, Sondermann P, Turner NJ, Carreira EM. Enantioselektive Chemo- und Biokatalyse: Partner in der Retrosynthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Hönig
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Philipp Sondermann
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology & School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Erick M. Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Schweiz
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9
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Strategy for designing selective α-l-rhamnosidase inhibitors: Synthesis and biological evaluation of l-DMDP cyclic isothioureas. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:107-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Mena-Barragán T, García-Moreno MI, Nanba E, Higaki K, Concia AL, Clapés P, García Fernández JM, Ortiz Mellet C. Inhibitor versus chaperone behaviour of d-fagomine, DAB and LAB sp2-iminosugar conjugates against glycosidases: A structure–activity relationship study in Gaucher fibroblasts. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:880-891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Busto E. Recent Developments in the Preparation of Carbohydrate Derivatives from Achiral Building Blocks by using Aldolases. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Busto
- Organic Chemistry I Department; Complutense University of Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
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12
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Schmidt NG, Eger E, Kroutil W. Building Bridges: Biocatalytic C-C-Bond Formation toward Multifunctional Products. ACS Catal 2016; 6:4286-4311. [PMID: 27398261 PMCID: PMC4936090 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-carbon bond formation is the key reaction for organic synthesis to construct the carbon framework of organic molecules. The review gives a selection of biocatalytic C-C-bond-forming reactions which have been investigated during the last 5 years and which have already been proven to be applicable for organic synthesis. In most cases, the reactions lead to products functionalized at the site of C-C-bond formation (e.g., α-hydroxy ketones, aminoalcohols, diols, 1,4-diketones, etc.) or allow to decorate aromatic and heteroaromatic molecules. Furthermore, examples for cyclization of (non)natural precursors leading to saturated carbocycles are given as well as the stereoselective cyclopropanation of olefins affording cyclopropanes. Although many tools are already available, recent research also makes it clear that nature provides an even broader set of enzymes to perform specific C-C coupling reactions. The possibilities are without limit; however, a big library of variants for different types of reactions is required to have the specific enzyme for a desired specific (stereoselective) reaction at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina G. Schmidt
- ACIB
GmbH c/o, Department of Chemistry, University
of Graz, Heinrichstrasse
28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Eger
- Department
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- ACIB
GmbH c/o, Department of Chemistry, University
of Graz, Heinrichstrasse
28, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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13
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Malinowski M, Rowicki T, Guzik P, Gryszel M, Łapczyński S, Wielechowska M, Czerwińska K, Madura I, Sas W. [1,4]-sigmatropic rearrangement of chiral nitrones and their utilization in the synthesis of new iminosugars. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:470-482. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01432h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new mechanism of nitrone epimerization via [1,4]-sigmatropic rearrangement was proposed and a set of epimeric iminosugars was synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Malinowski
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Tomasz Rowicki
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Patrycja Guzik
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Maciej Gryszel
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | | | | | - Izabela Madura
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Wojciech Sas
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw
- Poland
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Camps Bres F, Guérard-Hélaine C, Hélaine V, Fernandes C, Sánchez-Moreno I, Traïkia M, García-Junceda E, Lemaire M. l-Rhamnulose-1-phosphate and l-fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase mediated multi-enzyme cascade systems for nitrocyclitol synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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15
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Hernández K, Parella T, Joglar J, Bujons J, Pohl M, Clapés P. Expedient Synthesis of
C
‐Aryl Carbohydrates by Consecutive Biocatalytic Benzoin and Aldol Reactions. Chemistry 2015; 21:3335-46. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Hernández
- Biotransformation and Bioactive Molecules Group, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, IQAC‐CSIC. Jordi Girona 18‐26, 08034 Barcelona (Spain), Fax: (+34) 932045904
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear. Dept Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Spain)
| | - Jesús Joglar
- Biotransformation and Bioactive Molecules Group, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, IQAC‐CSIC. Jordi Girona 18‐26, 08034 Barcelona (Spain), Fax: (+34) 932045904
| | - Jordi Bujons
- Biotransformation and Bioactive Molecules Group, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, IQAC‐CSIC. Jordi Girona 18‐26, 08034 Barcelona (Spain), Fax: (+34) 932045904
| | - Martina Pohl
- IBG‐1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich (Germany)
| | - Pere Clapés
- Biotransformation and Bioactive Molecules Group, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, IQAC‐CSIC. Jordi Girona 18‐26, 08034 Barcelona (Spain), Fax: (+34) 932045904
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16
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Concia AL, Gómez L, Parella T, Joglar J, Clapés P. Casuarine Stereoisomers from Achiral Substrates: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Inhibitory Properties. J Org Chem 2014; 79:5386-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500991p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alda Lisa Concia
- Biotransformation
and Bioactive Molecules Group, Departamento de Química Biológica
y Modelización Molecular, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, IQAC−CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Livia Gómez
- Biotransformation
and Bioactive Molecules Group, Departamento de Química Biológica
y Modelización Molecular, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, IQAC−CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei
de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jesús Joglar
- Biotransformation
and Bioactive Molecules Group, Departamento de Química Biológica
y Modelización Molecular, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, IQAC−CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Clapés
- Biotransformation
and Bioactive Molecules Group, Departamento de Química Biológica
y Modelización Molecular, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, IQAC−CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Choi HG, Park DS, Lee WK, Sim T. An efficient synthesis of 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d- and l-arabinitol and 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d- and l-xylitol from chiral aziridines. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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19
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Jenkinson SF, Best D, Saville AW, Mui J, Martínez RF, Nakagawa S, Kunimatsu T, Alonzi DS, Butters TD, Norez C, Becq F, Blériot Y, Wilson FX, Weymouth-Wilson AC, Kato A, Fleet GWJ. C-branched iminosugars: α-glucosidase inhibition by enantiomers of isoDMDP, isoDGDP, and isoDAB-L-isoDMDP compared to miglitol and miglustat. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7380-97. [PMID: 23688199 DOI: 10.1021/jo4005487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Ho crossed aldol condensation provides access to a series of carbon branched iminosugars as exemplified by the synthesis of enantiomeric pairs of isoDMDP, isoDGDP, and isoDAB, allowing comparison of their biological activities with three linear isomeric natural products DMDP, DGDP, and DAB and their enantiomers. L-IsoDMDP [(2S,3S,4R)-2,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-3,4-diol], prepared in 11 steps in an overall yield of 45% from d-lyxonolactone, is a potent specific competitive inhibitor of gut disaccharidases [K(i) 0.081 μM for rat intestinal maltase] and is more effective in the suppression of hyperglycaemia in a maltose loading test than miglitol, a drug presently used in the treatment of late onset diabetes. The partial rescue of the defective F508del-CFTR function in CF-KM4 cells by L-isoDMDP is compared with miglustat and isoLAB in an approach to the treatment of cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Jenkinson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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