1
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Malde R, Parkes MA, Staniforth M, Woolley JM, Stavros VG, Chudasama V, Fielding HH, Baker JR. Intramolecular thiomaleimide [2 + 2] photocycloadditions: stereoselective control for disulfide stapling and observation of excited state intermediates by transient absorption spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2909-2918. [PMID: 35382459 PMCID: PMC8905992 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06804k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiomaleimides undergo efficient intermolecular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reactions and offer applications from photochemical peptide stapling to polymer crosslinking; however, the reactions are limited to the formation of the exo head-to-head isomers. Herein, we present an intramolecular variation which completely reverses the stereochemical outcome of this photoreaction, quantitatively generating endo adducts which minimise the structural disturbance of the disulfide staple and afford a 10-fold increase in quantum yield. We demonstrate the application of this reaction on a protein scaffold, using light to confer thiol stability to an antibody fragment conjugate. To understand more about this intriguing class of [2 + 2] photocycloadditions, we have used transient absorption spectroscopy (electronic and vibrational) to study the excited states involved. The initially formed S2 (π1π*) excited state is observed to decay to the S1 (n1π*) state before intersystem crossing to a triplet state. An accelerated intramolecular C-C bond formation provides evidence to explain the increased efficiency of the reaction, and the impact of the various excited states on the carbonyl vibrational modes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Malde
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Michael A Parkes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Michael Staniforth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Jack M Woolley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Vasilios G Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Helen H Fielding
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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2
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Maruyama K, Ishiyama T, Seki Y, Sakai K, Togo T, Oisaki K, Kanai M. Protein Modification at Tyrosine with Iminoxyl Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19844-19855. [PMID: 34787412 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are a biological mechanism for reversibly controlling protein function. Synthetic protein modifications (SPMs) at specific canonical amino acids can mimic PTMs. However, reversible SPMs at hydrophobic amino acid residues in proteins are especially limited. Here, we report a tyrosine (Tyr)-selective SPM utilizing persistent iminoxyl radicals, which are readily generated from sterically hindered oximes via single-electron oxidation. The reactivity of iminoxyl radicals with Tyr was dependent on the steric and electronic demands of oximes; isopropyl methyl piperidinium oxime 1f formed stable adducts, whereas the reaction of tert-butyl methyl piperidinium oxime 1o was reversible. The difference in reversibility between 1f and 1o, differentiated only by one methyl group, is due to the stability of iminoxyl radicals, which is partly dictated by the bond dissociation energy of oxime O-H groups. The Tyr-selective modifications with 1f and 1o proceeded under physiologically relevant, mild conditions. Specifically, the stable Tyr-modification with 1f introduced functional small molecules, including an azobenzene photoswitch, to proteins. Moreover, masking critical Tyr residues by SPM with 1o, and subsequent deconjugation triggered by the treatment with a thiol, enabled on-demand control of protein functions. We applied this reversible Tyr modification with 1o to alter an enzymatic activity and the binding affinity of a monoclonal antibody with an antigen upon modification/deconjugation. The on-demand ON/OFF switch of protein functions through Tyr-selective and reversible covalent-bond formation will provide unique opportunities in biological research and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yohei Seki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sakai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takaya Togo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kounosuke Oisaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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3
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Lindsey‐Crosthwait A, Rodriguez‐Lema D, Walko M, Pask CM, Wilson AJ. Structural optimization of reversible dibromomaleimide peptide stapling. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2021; 113:e24157. [PMID: 34938942 PMCID: PMC8650577 DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Methods to constrain peptides in a bioactive α-helical conformation for inhibition of protein-protein interactions represent an ongoing area of investigation in chemical biology. Recently, the first example of a reversible "stapling" methodology was described which exploits native cysteine or homocysteine residues spaced at the i and i + 4 positions in a peptide sequence together with the thiol selective reactivity of dibromomaleimides (a previous study). This manuscript reports on the optimization of the maleimide based constraint, focusing on the kinetics of macrocyclization and the extent to which helicity is promoted with different thiol containing amino acids. The study identified an optimal stapling combination of X 1 = L-Cys and X 5 = L-hCys in the context of the model peptide Ac-X1AAAX5-NH2, which should prove useful in implementing the dibromomaleimide stapling strategy in peptidomimetic ligand discovery programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayanna Lindsey‐Crosthwait
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeedsUK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Diana Rodriguez‐Lema
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeedsUK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Martin Walko
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeedsUK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of LeedsLeedsUK
| | | | - Andrew J. Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeedsUK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of LeedsLeedsUK
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4
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Vamisetti GB, Satish G, Sulkshane P, Mann G, Glickman MH, Brik A. On-Demand Detachment of Succinimides on Cysteine to Facilitate (Semi)Synthesis of Challenging Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19558-19569. [PMID: 33136379 PMCID: PMC7705887 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
maleimide group is a widely used reagent for bioconjugation
of peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides employing Michael addition
and Diels–Alder cycloaddition reactions. However, the utility
of this functionality in chemical synthesis of peptides and proteins
remains unexplored. We report, for the first time that PdII complexes can mediate the efficient removal of various succinimide
derivatives in aqueous conditions. Succinimide removal by PdII was applied for the synthesis of two ubiquitin activity-based probes
(Ub-ABPs) employing solid phase chemical ligation (SPCL). SPCL was
achieved through a sequential three segment ligation on a polymer
support via a maleimide anchor. The obtained probes successfully formed
the expected covalent complexes with deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs)
USP2 and USP7, highlighting the use of our new method for efficient
preparation of unique synthetic proteins. Importantly, we demonstrate
the advantages of our newly developed method for the protection and
deprotection of native cysteine with a succinimide group in a peptide
fragment derived from thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) obtained via intein based
expression to enable ligation/desulfurization and subsequent disulfide
bond formation in a one-pot process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganga B Vamisetti
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Gandhesiri Satish
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Prasad Sulkshane
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Guy Mann
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Michael H Glickman
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Ashraf Brik
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
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5
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Ravasco JMJM, Faustino H, Trindade A, Gois PMP. Bioconjugation with Maleimides: A Useful Tool for Chemical Biology. Chemistry 2018; 25:43-59. [PMID: 30095185 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Maleimide chemistry stands out in the bioconjugation toolbox by virtue of its synthetic accessibility, excellent reactivity, and practicability. The second-generation of clinically approved antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) and much of the current ADC pipeline in clinical trials contain the maleimide linkage. However, thiosuccinimide linkages are now known to be less robust than once thought, and ergo, are correlated with suboptimal pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and safety profiles in some ADC constructs. Rational design of novel generations of maleimides and maleimide-type reagents have been reported to address the shortcomings of classical maleimides, allowing for the formation of robust bioconjugate linkages. This review highlights the main strategies for rational reagent design that have allowed irreversible bioconjugations in cysteines, reversible labelling strategies and disulfide re-bridging.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M J M Ravasco
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Research Institute for Medicines, (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hélio Faustino
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Research Institute for Medicines, (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Trindade
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Research Institute for Medicines, (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.,School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Pedro M P Gois
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Research Institute for Medicines, (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
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6
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Liu Q, Lv X, Li N, Pan X, Zhu J, Zhu X. Copolymerization of Phenylselenide-Substituted Maleimide with Styrene and Its Oxidative Elimination Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E321. [PMID: 30966356 PMCID: PMC6415178 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium-containing monomer monophenyl maleimide selenide (MSM) was synthesized and copolymerized with styrene (St) using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Copolymers with controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution were obtained. The structure of the copolymer was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Ultraviolet⁻visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) spectroscopy. The copolymer can be oxidized by H₂O₂ to form carbon-carbon double bonds within the main chain due to the unique sensitivity of selenide groups in the presence of oxidants. Such structure changing resulted in an interesting concentration-related photoluminescence emission enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xinghua Lv
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Na Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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7
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Tan XJ, Wang C, Guo XK. Theoretical study on the ring-opening hydrolysis reactions of N-alkylmaleimide dimers. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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8
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Cowell J, Buck M, Essa AH, Clarke R, Vollmer W, Vollmer D, Hilkens CM, Isaacs JD, Hall MJ, Gray J. Traceless Cleavage of Protein-Biotin Conjugates under Biologically Compatible Conditions. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1688-1691. [PMID: 28581639 PMCID: PMC5708275 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biotinylation of amines is widely used to conjugate biomolecules, but either the resulting label is non-removable or its removal leaves a tag on the molecule of interest, thus affecting downstream processes. We present here a set of reagents (RevAmines) that allow traceless, reversible biotinylation under biologically compatible, mild conditions. Release following avidin-based capture is achieved through the cleavage of a (2-(alkylsulfonyl)ethyl) carbamate linker under mild conditions (200 mm ammonium bicarbonate, pH 8, 16-24 h, room temperature) that regenerates the unmodified amine. The capture and release of biotinylated proteins and peptides from neutravidin, fluorescent labelling through reversible biotinylation at the cell surface and the selective enrichment of proteins from bacterial periplasm are demonstrated. The tags are easily prepared, stable and offer the potential for future application in proteomics, activity-based protein profiling, affinity chromatography and bio-molecule tagging and purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Cowell
- School of ChemistryNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE2 7RUUK
| | - Matthew Buck
- Musculoskeletal Research GroupInstitute of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE2 4HHUK
| | - Ali H. Essa
- School of ChemistryNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE2 7RUUK
- Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceUniversity of BasrahBasrahIraq
| | - Rebecca Clarke
- School of ChemistryNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE2 7RUUK
| | - Waldemar Vollmer
- Institute for Cell and Molecular BiosciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE2 4HHUK
| | - Daniela Vollmer
- Institute for Cell and Molecular BiosciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE2 4HHUK
| | - Catharien M. Hilkens
- Musculoskeletal Research GroupInstitute of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE2 4HHUK
| | - John D. Isaacs
- Musculoskeletal Research GroupInstitute of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE2 4HHUK
| | - Michael J. Hall
- School of ChemistryNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE2 7RUUK
| | - Joe Gray
- Institute for Cell and Molecular BiosciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE2 4HHUK
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9
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Gregoritza M, Messmann V, Abstiens K, Brandl FP, Goepferich AM. Controlled Antibody Release from Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels Cross-Linked by Diels–Alder Chemistry. Biomacromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gregoritza
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Messmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Abstiens
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand P. Brandl
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Achim M. Goepferich
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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10
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Carmali S, Murata H, Cummings C, Matyjaszewski K, Russell AJ. Polymer-Based Protein Engineering: Synthesis and Characterization of Armored, High Graft Density Polymer-Protein Conjugates. Methods Enzymol 2017; 590:347-380. [PMID: 28411645 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from the surface of a protein can generate remarkably dense polymer shells that serve as armor and rationally tune protein function. Using straightforward chemistry, it is possible to covalently couple or display multiple small molecule initiators onto a protein surface. The chemistry is fine-tuned to be sequence specific (if one desires a single targeted site) at controlled density. Once the initiator is anchored on the protein surface, ATRP is used to grow polymers on protein surface, in situ. The technique is so powerful that a single-protein polymer conjugate molecule can contain more than 90% polymer coating by weight. If desired, stimuli-responsive polymers can be "grown" from the initiated sites to prepare enzyme conjugates that respond to external triggers such as temperature or pH, while still maintaining enzyme activity and stability. Herein, we focus mainly on the synthesis of chymotrypsin-polymer conjugates. Control of the number of covalently coupled initiator sites by changing the stoichiometric ratio between enzyme and the initiator during the synthesis of protein-initiator complexes allowed fine-tuning of the grafting density. For example, very high grafting density chymotrypsin conjugates were prepared from protein-initiator complexes to grow the temperature-responsive polymers, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), and poly[N,N'-dimethyl(methacryloyloxyethyl) ammonium propane sulfonate]. Controlled growth of polymers from protein surfaces enables one to predictably manipulate enzyme kinetics and stability without the need for molecular biology-dependent mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheiliza Carmali
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, ICES, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hironobu Murata
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, ICES, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Chad Cummings
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, ICES, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, ICES, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Alan J Russell
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, ICES, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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11
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Richards DA, Fletcher SA, Nobles M, Kossen H, Tedaldi L, Chudasama V, Tinker A, Baker JR. Photochemically re-bridging disulfide bonds and the discovery of a thiomaleimide mediated photodecarboxylation of C-terminal cysteines. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:455-459. [PMID: 26603469 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02120k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Described in this work is a novel method for photochemically manipulating peptides and proteins via the installation of cysteine-selective photoactive tags. Thiomaleimides, generated simply by the addition of bromomaleimides to reduced disulfide bonds, undergo [2 + 2] photocycloadditions to reconnect the crosslink between the two cysteine residues. This methodology is demonstrated to enable photoactivation of a peptide by macrocyclisation, and reconnection of the heavy and light chains in an antibody fragment to form thiol stable conjugates. Finally we report on an intriguing thiomaleimide mediated photochemical decarboxylation of C-terminal cysteines, discovered during this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, UK.
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12
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Fletcher SA, Sin PKB, Nobles M, Årstad E, Tinker A, Baker JR. A dual optical and nuclear imaging reagent for peptide labelling via disulfide bridging. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:9559-63. [PMID: 26299430 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We report a concise approach to a multimodal imaging reagent for peptide labelling via disulfide bridging. The reagent is constructed using a one pot, three component, [3 + 2] cycloaddition of a fluorescent azide with a dithiomaleimide-alkyne, with concomitant incorporation of (125)I. The dithiomaleimide handle then enables site selective conjugation to a disulfide bond of a peptide whilst retaining the key structural bridging functionality, as exemplified on the therapeutic peptide octreotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, UK.
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13
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14
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Gaitzsch J, Chudasama V, Morecroft E, Messager L, Battaglia G. Synthesis of an Amphiphilic Miktoarm Star Terpolymer for Self-Assembly into Patchy Polymersomes. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:351-354. [PMID: 35614703 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis of an amphiphilic miktoarm star terpolymer and combine it with an equivalent diblock copolymer to form polymersomes with controlled surface topology. The three branches are ligated onto a central maleimide moiety in a reaction sequence that exploits various "click" chemistries. The final star was self-assembled with a linear block copolymer to generate a "patchy" surface on vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Gaitzsch
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Eloise Morecroft
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Lea Messager
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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15
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Gunnoo SB, Madder A. Chemical Protein Modification through Cysteine. Chembiochem 2016; 17:529-53. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Smita B. Gunnoo
- Organic & Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group; Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Organic & Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group; Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 9000 Gent Belgium
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16
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Maruani A, Alom S, Canavelli P, Lee MTW, Morgan RE, Chudasama V, Caddick S. A mild TCEP-based para-azidobenzyl cleavage strategy to transform reversible cysteine thiol labelling reagents into irreversible conjugates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:5279-82. [PMID: 25411891 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It has recently emerged that the succinimide linkage of a maleimide thiol addition product is fragile, which is a major issue in fields where thiol functionalisation needs to be robust. Herein we deliver a strategy that generates selective cysteine thiol labelling reagents, which are stable to hydrolysis and thiol exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Maruani
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H OAJ, UK.
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17
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Gregoritza M, Messmann V, Goepferich AM, Brandl FP. Design of hydrogels for delayed antibody release utilizing hydrophobic association and Diels–Alder chemistry in tandem. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3398-3408. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00223d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic association enables delayed antibody release from hydrogels cross-linked via Diels–Alder reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gregoritza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Viktoria Messmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Achim M. Goepferich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Ferdinand P. Brandl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
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18
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Gaitzsch J, Delahaye M, Poma A, Du Prez F, Battaglia G. Comparison of metal free polymer–dye conjugation strategies in protic solvents. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00518g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Introducing the TAD chemistry to the field of polymer–dye conjugations to broaden the toolbox of metal- and additive-free linking methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Gaitzsch
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Maarten Delahaye
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Alessandro Poma
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | - Filip Du Prez
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
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19
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Chiba K, Hashimoto Y, Yamaguchi T. Dichloromaleimide (diCMI): A Small and Fluorogenic Reactive Group for Use in Affinity Labeling. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:1647-1653. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Chiba
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yuichi Hashimoto
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Takao Yamaguchi
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo
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20
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Kirchhof S, Gregoritza M, Messmann V, Hammer N, Goepferich AM, Brandl FP. Diels–Alder hydrogels with enhanced stability: First step toward controlled release of bevacizumab. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 96:217-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Smith MEB, Caspersen MB, Robinson E, Morais M, Maruani A, Nunes JPM, Nicholls K, Saxton MJ, Caddick S, Baker JR, Chudasama V. A platform for efficient, thiol-stable conjugation to albumin's native single accessible cysteine. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7946-9. [PMID: 26108475 PMCID: PMC4563668 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01205h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the use of bromomaleimides for the construction of stable albumin conjugates via conjugation to its native, single accessible, cysteine followed by hydrolysis. Advantages over the classical maleimide approach are highlighted in terms of quantitative hydrolysis and absence of undesirable retro-Michael deconjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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22
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Marculescu C, Kossen H, Morgan RE, Mayer P, Fletcher SA, Tolner B, Chester KA, Jones LH, Baker JR. Aryloxymaleimides for cysteine modification, disulfide bridging and the dual functionalization of disulfide bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:7139-42. [PMID: 24853662 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02107j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tuning the properties of maleimide reagents holds significant promise in expanding the toolbox of available methods for bioconjugation. Herein we describe aryloxymaleimides which represent 'next generation maleimides' of attenuated reactivity, and demonstrate their ability to enable new methods for protein modification at disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Marculescu
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, UK.
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23
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Morgan RE, Chudasama V, Moody P, Smith MEB, Caddick S. A novel synthetic chemistry approach to linkage-specific ubiquitin conjugation. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:4165-8. [PMID: 25736233 PMCID: PMC4372856 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00130g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is of great importance as the post-translational modification of proteins with ubiquitin, or ubiquitin chains, facilitates a number of vital cellular processes. Herein we present a facile method of preparing various ubiquitin conjugates under mild conditions using michael acceptors based on dibromo-maleimides and dibromo-pyridazinediones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Morgan
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)20 7679 7463 ; Tel: +44 (0)20 3108 5071
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)20 7679 7463 ; Tel: +44 (0)20 3108 5071
| | - Paul Moody
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)20 7679 7463 ; Tel: +44 (0)20 3108 5071
| | - Mark E. B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)20 7679 7463 ; Tel: +44 (0)20 3108 5071
| | - Stephen Caddick
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)20 7679 7463 ; Tel: +44 (0)20 3108 5071
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Boutureira
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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25
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Youziel J, Akhbar AR, Aziz Q, Smith MEB, Caddick S, Tinker A, Baker JR. Bromo- and thiomaleimides as a new class of thiol-mediated fluorescence 'turn-on' reagents. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:557-60. [PMID: 24297212 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42141d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bromo- and thiomaleimides are shown to serve as highly effective quenchers of a covalently attached fluorophore. Reactions with thiols that lead to removal of the maleimide conjugation, or detachment of the fluorophore from the maleimide, result in 'turn-on' of the fluorescence. These reagents thus offer opportunities in thiol sensing and intracellular reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Youziel
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, UK.
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26
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Spicer CD, Davis BG. Selective chemical protein modification. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4740. [PMID: 25190082 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 718] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical modification of proteins is an important tool for probing natural systems, creating therapeutic conjugates and generating novel protein constructs. Site-selective reactions require exquisite control over both chemo- and regioselectivity, under ambient, aqueous conditions. There are now various methods for achieving selective modification of both natural and unnatural amino acids--each with merits and limitations--providing a 'toolkit' that until 20 years ago was largely limited to reactions at nucleophilic cysteine and lysine residues. If applied in a biologically benign manner, this chemistry could form the basis of true Synthetic Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Spicer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Benjamin G Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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27
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Tang S, Olsen BD. Controlling topological entanglement in engineered protein hydrogels with a variety of thiol coupling chemistries. Front Chem 2014; 2:23. [PMID: 24860800 PMCID: PMC4030145 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Topological entanglements between polymer chains are achieved in associating protein hydrogels through the synthesis of high molecular weight proteins via chain extension using a variety of thiol coupling chemistries, including disulfide formation, thiol-maleimide, thiol-bromomaleimide and thiol-ene. Coupling of cysteines via disulfide formation results in the most pronounced entanglement effect in hydrogels, while other chemistries provide versatile means of changing the extent of entanglement, achieving faster chain extension, and providing a facile method of controlling the network hierarchy and incorporating stimuli responsivities. The addition of trifunctional coupling agents causes incomplete crosslinking and introduces branching architecture to the protein molecules. The high-frequency plateau modulus and the entanglement plateau modulus can be tuned by changing the ratio of difunctional chain extender to the trifunctional branching unit. Therefore, these chain extension reactions show promise in delicately controlling the relaxation and mechanical properties of engineered protein hydrogels in ways that complement their design through genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchang Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bradley D Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA
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28
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Arumugam S, Guo J, Mbua NE, Friscourt F, Lin N, Nekongo E, Boons GJ, Popik VV. Selective and Reversible Photochemical Derivatization of Cysteine Residues in Peptides and Proteins. Chem Sci 2014; 5:1591-1598. [PMID: 24765521 PMCID: PMC3994131 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51691a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective derivatization of solvent-exposed cysteine residues in peptides and proteins is achieved by brief irradiation of an aqueous solution containing 3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-naphthol derivatives (NQMPs) with 350 nm fluorescent lamp. NQMP can be conjugated with various moieties, such as PEG, dyes, carbohydrates, or possess a fragment for further selective derivatization, e.g., biotin, azide, alkyne, etc. Attractive features of this labeling approach include an exceptionally fast rate of the reaction and a requirement for low equivalence of the reagent. The NQMP-thioether linkage is stable under ambient conditions, survives protein digestion and MS analysis. Irradiation of NQMP-labeled protein in a dilute solution (<40 μM) or in the presence of a vinyl ether results in a traceless release of the substrate. The reversible biotinylation of bovine serum albumin, as well as capture and release of this protein using NeutrAvidin Agarose resin beads has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Guo
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ngalle Eric Mbua
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Frédéric Friscourt
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Nannan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Emmanuel Nekongo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Vladimir V. Popik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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29
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Castañeda L, Wright ZVF, Marculescu C, Tran TM, Chudasama V, Maruani A, Hull EA, Nunes JPM, Fitzmaurice RJ, Smith MEB, Jones LH, Caddick S, Baker JR. A mild synthesis of N-functionalised bromomaleimides, thiomaleimides and bromopyridazinediones. Tetrahedron Lett 2013; 54:3493-3495. [PMID: 24058217 PMCID: PMC3776223 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bromomaleimides are useful building blocks in synthesis and powerful reagents for the selective chemical modification of proteins. A mild new synthesis of these reagents is described, along with the convenient transferability of the approach to dithiomaleimides and bromopyridazinediones.
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