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[111In]In/[177Lu]Lu-AAZTA5-LM4 SST2R-Antagonists in Cancer Theranostics: From Preclinical Testing to First Patient Results. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030776. [PMID: 36986637 PMCID: PMC10053881 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aiming to expand the application of the SST2R-antagonist LM4 (DPhe-c[DCys-4Pal-DAph(Cbm)-Lys-Thr-Cys]-DTyr-NH2) beyond [68Ga]Ga-DATA5m-LM4 PET/CT (DATA5m, (6-pentanoic acid)-6-(amino)methy-1,4-diazepinetriacetate), we now introduce AAZTA5-LM4 (AAZTA5, 1,4-bis(carboxymethyl)-6-[bis(carboxymethyl)]amino-6-[pentanoic-acid]perhydro-1,4-diazepine), allowing for the convenient coordination of trivalent radiometals of clinical interest, such as In-111 (for SPECT/CT) or Lu-177 (for radionuclide therapy). After labeling, the preclinical profiles of [111In]In-AAZTA5-LM4 and [177Lu]Lu-AAZTA5-LM4 were compared in HEK293-SST2R cells and double HEK293-SST2R/wtHEK293 tumor-bearing mice using [111In]In-DOTA-LM3 and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-LM3 as references. The biodistribution of [177Lu]Lu-AAZTA5-LM4 was additionally studied for the first time in a NET patient. Both [111In]In-AAZTA5-LM4 and [177Lu]Lu-AAZTA5-LM4 displayed high and selective targeting of the HEK293-SST2R tumors in mice and fast background clearance via the kidneys and the urinary system. This pattern was reproduced for [177Lu]Lu-AAZTA5-LM4 in the patient according to SPECT/CT results in a monitoring time span of 4–72 h pi. In view of the above, we may conclude that [177Lu]Lu-AAZTA5-LM4 shows promise as a therapeutic radiopharmaceutical candidate for SST2R-expressing human NETs, based on previous [68Ga]Ga-DATA5m-LM4 PET/CT, but further studies are needed to fully assess its clinical value. Furthermore, [111In]In-AAZTA5-LM4 SPECT/CT may represent a legitimate alternative diagnostic option in cases where PET/CT is not available.
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Modern Developments in Bifunctional Chelator Design for Gallium Radiopharmaceuticals. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010203. [PMID: 36615397 PMCID: PMC9822085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The positron-emitting radionuclide gallium-68 has become increasingly utilised in both preclinical and clinical settings with positron emission tomography (PET). The synthesis of radiochemically pure gallium-68 radiopharmaceuticals relies on careful consideration of the coordination chemistry. The short half-life of 68 min necessitates rapid quantitative radiolabelling (≤10 min). Desirable radiolabelling conditions include near-neutral pH, ambient temperatures, and low chelator concentrations to achieve the desired apparent molar activity. This review presents a broad overview of the requirements of an efficient bifunctional chelator in relation to the aqueous coordination chemistry of gallium. Developments in bifunctional chelator design and application are then presented and grouped according to eight categories of bifunctional chelator: the macrocyclic chelators DOTA and TACN; the acyclic HBED, pyridinecarboxylates, siderophores, tris(hydroxypyridinones), and DTPA; and the mesocyclic diazepines.
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Horváth D, Vágner A, Szikra D, Trencsényi G, Demitri N, Guidolin N, Maiocchi A, Ghiani S, Travagin F, Giovenzana GB, Baranyai Z. Boosting Bismuth(III) Complexation for Targeted α-Therapy (TAT) Applications with the Mesocyclic Chelating Agent AAZTA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207120. [PMID: 36073561 PMCID: PMC9828418 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Targeted α therapy (TAT) is a promising tool in the therapy of cancer. The radionuclide 213 BiIII shows favourable physical properties for this application, but the fast and stable chelation of this metal ion remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate that the mesocyclic chelator AAZTA quickly coordinates BiIII at room temperature, leading to a robust complex. A comprehensive study of the structural, thermodynamic and kinetic properties of [Bi(AAZTA)]- is reported, along with bifunctional [Bi(AAZTA-C4-COO- )]2- and the targeted agent [Bi(AAZTA-C4-TATE)]- , which incorporates the SSR agonist Tyr3 -octreotate. An unexpected increase in the stability and kinetic inertness of the metal chelate was observed for the bifunctional derivative and was maintained for the peptide conjugate. A cyclotron-produced 205/206 Bi mixture was used as a model of 213 Bi in labelling, stability, and biodistribution experiments, allowing the efficiency of [213 Bi(AAZTA-C4-TATE)]- to be estimated. High accumulation in AR42J tumours and reduced kidney uptake were observed with respect to the macrocyclic chelate [213 Bi(DOTA-TATE)]- .
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Horváth
- Department of Physical ChemistryUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 14010DebrecenHungary
| | | | - Dezsö Szikra
- Scanomed Ltd.Nagyerdei Krt. 984032DebrecenHungary,Medical Imaging ClinicUniversity of DebrecenNagyerdei krt. 984032DebrecenHungary
| | - György Trencsényi
- Scanomed Ltd.Nagyerdei Krt. 984032DebrecenHungary,Medical Imaging ClinicUniversity of DebrecenNagyerdei krt. 984032DebrecenHungary
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone TriesteS.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park34149Basovizza (TS)Italy
| | - Nicol Guidolin
- Bracco Imaging SpaBracco Research CentreVia Ribes 510010Colleretto Giacosa (TO)Italy
| | - Alessandro Maiocchi
- Bracco Imaging SpaBracco Research CentreVia Ribes 510010Colleretto Giacosa (TO)Italy
| | - Simona Ghiani
- Bracco Imaging SpaBracco Research CentreVia Ribes 510010Colleretto Giacosa (TO)Italy
| | - Fabio Travagin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del FarmacoUniversità del Piemonte OrientaleLargo Donegani 2/328100NovaraItaly
| | - Giovanni B. Giovenzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze del FarmacoUniversità del Piemonte OrientaleLargo Donegani 2/328100NovaraItaly
| | - Zsolt Baranyai
- Bracco Imaging SpaBracco Research CentreVia Ribes 510010Colleretto Giacosa (TO)Italy
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Horváth D, Vágner A, Szikra D, Trencsényi G, Demitri N, Guidolin N, Maiocchi A, Ghiani S, Travagin F, Giovenzana GB, Baranyai Z. Boosting Bismuth(III) Complexation for Targeted α‐Therapy (TAT) Applications with the Mesocyclic Chelating Agent AAZTA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Horváth
- University of Debrecen Department of Physical Chemistry HUNGARY
| | | | | | | | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA ITALY
| | | | | | | | - Fabio Travagin
- Universita degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco ITALY
| | - Giovanni Battista Giovenzana
- Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro Facoltà di Farmacia: Universita degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco Largo Donegani 2/3Via Bovio 6 28100 Novara ITALY
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Fersing C, Masurier N, Rubira L, Deshayes E, Lisowski V. AAZTA-Derived Chelators for the Design of Innovative Radiopharmaceuticals with Theranostic Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:234. [PMID: 35215346 PMCID: PMC8879111 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of 68Ga and 177Lu radiochemistry, theranostic approaches in modern nuclear medicine enabling patient-centered personalized medicine applications have been growing in the last decade. In conjunction with the search for new relevant molecular targets, the design of innovative chelating agents to easily form stable complexes with various radiometals for theranostic applications has gained evident momentum. Initially conceived for magnetic resonance imaging applications, the chelating agent AAZTA features a mesocyclic seven-membered diazepane ring, conferring some of the properties of both acyclic and macrocyclic chelating agents. Described in the early 2000s, AAZTA and its derivatives exhibited interesting properties once complexed with metals and radiometals, combining a fast kinetic of formation with a slow kinetic of dissociation. Importantly, the extremely short coordination reaction times allowed by AAZTA derivatives were particularly suitable for short half-life radioelements (i.e., 68Ga). In view of these particular characteristics, the scope of this review is to provide a survey on the design, synthesis, and applications in the nuclear medicine/radiopharmacy field of AAZTA-derived chelators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Fersing
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France; (L.R.); (E.D.)
- IBMM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France; (N.M.); (V.L.)
| | - Nicolas Masurier
- IBMM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France; (N.M.); (V.L.)
| | - Léa Rubira
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France; (L.R.); (E.D.)
| | - Emmanuel Deshayes
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France; (L.R.); (E.D.)
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University of Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Lisowski
- IBMM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France; (N.M.); (V.L.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, 191 Av. du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France
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Travagin F, Lattuada L, Giovenzana GB. AAZTA: The rise of mesocyclic chelating agents for metal coordination in medicine. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Klasen B, Lemcke D, Mindt TL, Gasser G, Rösch F. Development and in vitro evaluation of new bifunctional 89Zr-chelators based on the 6-amino-1,4-diazepane scaffold for immuno-PET applications. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 102-103:12-23. [PMID: 34242949 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Combination of hydroxamate bearing side chains with the 6-amino-1,4-diazepane scaffold provides a promising strategy for fast and stable 89Zr-labeling of antibodies. Following this approach, we hereby present the development, labeling kinetics and in vitro complex stability of three resulting bifunctional chelator derivatives both stand-alone and coupled to a model protein in comparison to different linear deferoxamine (DFO) derivatives. METHODS The novel 89Zr-chelator Hy3ADA5 was prepared via amide-coupling of separately synthesized 6-amino-1,4-diazepane-6-pentanoic acid and hydroxamate-containing side chains. Two further bifunctional derivatives were synthesized by extending the resulting system with either a squaramide- or p-isothiocyanatophenyl moiety for simplified binding to proteins. After coupling to a model antibody and purification, the resulting immunoconjugates as well as the unbound chelator derivatives were 89Zr-labeled at room temperature (RT) and neutral pH. For comparison, different DFO derivatives were analogously coupled, purified and radiolabeled. In vitro complex stability of the resulting radioconjugates was investigated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and human serum at 37 °C over a period of 7 days. RESULTS 89Zr-labeling of the novel unbound Hy3ADA5 derivatives indicated rapid complexation kinetics resulting in high radiochemical conversions (RCC) of 84-94% after 90 min. Similar or even faster radiolabeling with slightly increased maximum yields was obtained using the DFO-analogues. Initially, [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-p-Ph-NCS showed a delayed formation, nevertheless reaching almost quantitative complexation. Radiolabeling of the corresponding immunoconjugates Hy3ADA5-SA-mAb and Hy3ADA5-p-Ph-NCS-mAb resulted in 82.0 ± 1.1 and 89.2 ± 0.7% RCC, respectively after 90 min representing high but slightly lower labeling efficiency compared to the DFO- and DFO*-functionalized analogues. All examined radioimmunoconjugates showed very high in vitro complex stability both in human serum and PBS, providing no significant release of the radiometal. In the case of unbound chelators, however, the p-Ph-NCS-functionalized derivatives indicated considerable instability in human serum already after 1 h. CONCLUSION The novel chelator derivatives based on hydroxamate-functionalized 6-amino-1,4-diazepane revealed fast and high yielding 89Zr-labeling kinetics as well as high in vitro complex stability both stand-alone and coupled to an antibody. Therefore, Hy3ADA5 represents a promising tool for radiolabeling of biomolecules such as antibodies at mild conditions for immuno-PET applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Klasen
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany.
| | - Daniel Lemcke
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas L Mindt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital Vienna, Austria; Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Paris, France
| | - Frank Rösch
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany.
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Klasen B, Moon ES, Rösch F. AAZTA 5-squaramide ester competing with DOTA-, DTPA- and CHX-A″-DTPA-analogues: Promising tool for 177Lu-labeling of monoclonal antibodies under mild conditions. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 96-97:80-93. [PMID: 33839678 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combining the advantages of both cyclic and acyclic chelator systems, AAZTA (1,4-bis(carboxymethyl)-6-[bis(carboxymethyl)]amino-6-methylperhydro-1,4-diazepine) is well suited for complexation of various diagnostic and therapeutic radiometals such as gallium-68, scandium-44 and lutetium-177 under mild conditions. Due to its specificity for primary amines and pH dependent binding properties, squaric acid (SA) represents an excellent tool for selective coupling of the appropriate chelator to different target vectors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate radiolabeling properties of the novel bifunctional AAZTA5-SA being coupled to a model antibody (bevacizumab) in comparison to DOTA-SA, DTPA-p-Bn-SA and CHX-A″-DTPA-p-Bn-SA using the therapeutic nuclide lutetium-177. METHODS AND RESULTS As proof-of-concept, bevacizumab was first functionalized with AAZTA5-SA, DOTA-SA, DTPA-p-Bn-SA or CHX-A″-DTPA-p-Bn-SA. After purification via fractionated size exclusion chromatography (SEC), the corresponding immunoconjugates were subsequently radiolabeled with lutetium-177 at pH 7 and room temperature (RT) as well as 37 °C. After 90 min, labeling of AAZTA5-SA-mAb resulted in almost quantitative radiochemical yields (RCY) of >98% and >99%, respectively. Formation of [177Lu]Lu-DTPA-p-Bn-SA-mAb indicated rapid labeling kinetics reaching similar yields at RT already after 30 min. Fast but incomplete radiolabeling of the CHX-A″-analogue could be observed with a yield of 74% after 10 min and no further significant increase. In contrast, 177Lu-labeling of DOTA-SA-mAb showed negligible radiochemical yields of <2% both at room temperature and 37 °C. In vitro complex stability measurements of [177Lu]Lu-AAZTA5-SA-mAb at 37 °C indicated >94% protein bound activity in human serum and >92% in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), respectively within 15 days. [177Lu]Lu-DTPA-p-Bn-SA-mAb and [177Lu]Lu-CHX-A″-DTPA-p-Bn-SA-mAb revealed similar to even slightly higher in vitro stability in both media. CONCLUSION Coupling of AAZTA5-SA to the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab allowed for 177Lu-labeling with almost quantitative radiochemical yields both at room temperature and 37 °C. Within 15 days, the resulting radioconjugate indicated very high in vitro complex stability both in human serum and PBS. Therefore, AAZTA5-SA is a promising tool for 177Lu-labeling of sensitive biomolecules such as antibodies for theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Klasen
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Euy Sung Moon
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Frank Rösch
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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Satpati D. Recent Breakthrough in 68Ga-Radiopharmaceuticals Cold Kits for Convenient PET Radiopharmacy. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:430-447. [PMID: 33630583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
68Ga-PET has emerged as an important diagnostic tool for precise detection and monitoring of oncological situations. Availability, cost, and radiosynthesis procedure are determining steps for success of a radioisotope/radiopharmaceutical in nuclear medicine. Availability of 68Ga from a 68Ge/68Ga generator containing a long-lived parent radioisotope (68Ge: t1/2 = 271 days) and an inexpensive, simplified production of 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals through kit methodology has allowed smooth accommodation of 68Ga-PET in clinics. The uncomplicated formulation of 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals from a lyophilized, cold kit is an impending breakthrough in clinical PET. The huge success of 68Ga in neuroendocrine tumor and prostate cancer imaging along with the regulatory approval of respective cold kits has opened a pathway for development of kits for other evolving radiotracers. There is a definite scope for increased participation of commercial manufacturers and distributors of cold kits to spread the potential of 68Ga worldwide across all the geographical locations and satellite centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishty Satpati
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094, India
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Martinelli J, Remotti D, Tei L. Selective functionalization of 6-amino-6-methyl-1,4-perhydrodiazepine for the synthesis of a library of polydentate chelators. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5245-5252. [PMID: 32614034 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00980f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polydentate chelators are an important part of an imaging probe, which consists of an agent that usually produces signals for imaging purposes connected to a targeting moiety. The goal of this study was to set up a generic protocol to prepare a library of polydentate ligands having a 6-amino-6-methyl-1,4-perhydrodiazepine (AMPED) core and able to chelate metal ions of interest for various diagnostic imaging techniques, including Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT). These ions, among which we can include Mn(ii), Cu(ii), Al(iii) or Ga(iii), require penta- or hexa-dentate chelators for this purpose, and the AMPED scaffold has considerable potential to support various pendant arms for coordination of such ions. AMPED already has three amino nitrogen donors; thus, only two or three additional arms should be introduced to obtain penta- or hexa-dentate systems. This condition implies that symmetrical or asymmetrical structures have to be developed, depending on the functionalization of cyclic and exocyclic amines. Starting from easily available materials, we have designed a convenient protocol for the preparation of multiple AMPED-based ligands endowed with different characteristics, several of which were synthesized as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DiSIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Davide Remotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DiSIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DiSIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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Farkas E, Vágner A, Negri R, Lattuada L, Tóth I, Colombo V, Esteban-Gómez D, Platas-Iglesias C, Notni J, Baranyai Z, Giovenzana GB. PIDAZTA: Structurally Constrained Chelators for the Efficient Formation of Stable Gallium-68 Complexes at Physiological pH. Chemistry 2019; 25:10698-10709. [PMID: 31149749 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Two structurally constrained chelators based on a fused bicyclic scaffold, 4-amino-4-methylperhydro-pyrido[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-N,N',N'-triacetic acids [(4R*,10aS*)-PIDAZTA (L1) and (4R*,10aR*)-PIDAZTA (L2)], were designed for the preparation of GaIII -based radiopharmaceuticals. The stereochemistry of the ligand scaffold has a deep impact on the properties of the complexes, with unexpected [Ga(L2)OH] species being superior in terms of both thermodynamic stability and inertness. This peculiar behavior was rationalized on the basis of molecular modeling and appears to be related to a better fit in size of GaIII into the cavity of L2. Fast and efficient formation of the GaIII chelates at room temperature was observed at pH values between 7 and 8, which enables 68 Ga radiolabeling under truly physiological conditions (pH 7.4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Farkas
- Dept. of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Vágner
- Dept. of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Roberto Negri
- Dip. di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Luciano Lattuada
- Bracco Imaging spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010, Colleretto Giacosa (TO), Italy
| | - Imre Tóth
- Dept. of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010, Debrecen, Hungary.,Dept. of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Valentina Colombo
- Dip. di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Dep. de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Dep. de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Johannes Notni
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Trogerstrasse 18, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Zsolt Baranyai
- Dept. of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010, Debrecen, Hungary.,Bracco Imaging spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010, Colleretto Giacosa (TO), Italy
| | - Giovanni B Giovenzana
- Dip. di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100, Novara, Italy
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Sinnes JP, Nagel J, Waldron BP, Maina T, Nock BA, Bergmann RK, Ullrich M, Pietzsch J, Bachmann M, Baum RP, Rösch F. Instant kit preparation of 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals via the hybrid chelator DATA: clinical translation of [ 68Ga]Ga-DATA-TOC. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:48. [PMID: 31123943 PMCID: PMC6533321 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The widespread use of 68Ga for positron emission tomography (PET) relies on the development of radiopharmaceutical precursors that can be radiolabelled and dispensed in a simple, quick, and convenient manner. The DATA (6-amino-1,4-diazapine-triacetate) scaffold represents a novel hybrid chelator architecture possessing both cyclic and acyclic character that may allow for facile access to 68Ga-labelled tracers in the clinic. We report the first bifunctional DATA chelator conjugated to [Tyr3]octreotide (TOC), a somatostatin subtype 2 receptor (SST2)-targeting vector for imaging and functional characterisation of SSTR2 expressing tumours. Methods The radiopharmaceutical precursor, DATA-TOC, was synthesised as previously described and used to complex natGa(III) and 68Ga(III). Competition binding assays of [natGa]Ga-DATA-TOC or [natGa]Ga-DOTA-TOC against [125I-Tyr25]LTT-SS28 were conducted in membranes of HEK293 cells transfected to stably express one of the hSST2,3,5 receptor subtypes (HEK293-hSST2/3/5 cells). First in vivo studies were performed in female NMRI-nude mice bearing SST2-positive mouse phaeochromocytoma mCherry (MPC-mCherry) tumours to compare the in vivo SST2-specific tumour-targeting of [68Ga]Ga-DATA-TOC and its overall pharmacokinetics versus the [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC reference. A direct comparison of [68Ga]Ga-DATA-TOC with the well-established PET radiotracer [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC was additionally performed in a 46-year-old male patient with a well-differentiated NET (neuroendocrine tumour), representing the first in human administration of [68Ga]Ga-DATA-TOC. Results DATA-TOC was labelled with 68Ga with a radiolabelling efficiency of > 95% in less than 10 min at ambient temperature. A molar activity up to 35 MBq/nmol was achieved. The hSST2-affinities of [natGa]Ga-DATA-TOC and [natGa]Ga-DOTA-TOC were found similar with only sub-nanomolar differences in the respective IC50 values. In mice, [68Ga]Ga-DATA-TOC was able to visualise the tumour lesions, showing standardised uptake values (SUVs) similar to [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC. Direct comparison of the two PET tracers in a NET patient revealed very similar tumour uptake for the two 68Ga-radiotracers, but with a higher tumour-to-liver contrast for [68Ga]Ga-DATA-TOC. Conclusion [68Ga]Ga-DATA-TOC was prepared, to a quality appropriate for in vivo use, following a highly efficient kit type process. Furthermore, the novel radiopharmaceutical was comparable or better than [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC in all preclinical tests, achieving a higher tumour-to-liver contrast in a NET-patient. The results illustrate the potential of the DATA-chelator to facilitate the access to and preparation of 68Ga-radiotracers in a routine clinical radiopharmacy setting. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13550-019-0516-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Sinnes
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Nagel
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bradley P Waldron
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Theodosia Maina
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES NCSR 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece
| | - Berthold A Nock
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES NCSR 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece
| | - Ralf K Bergmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany.,School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, Universitätsklinikum 'Carl Gustav Carus', UniversitätsKrebsCentrum (UCC), Tumorimmunology, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard P Baum
- Zentralklinik Bad Berka GmbH, Clinic for Molecular Radiotherapy, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Frank Rösch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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13
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Greiser J, Kühnel C, Görls H, Weigand W, Freesmeyer M. N,1,4-Tri(4-alkoxy-2-hydroxybenzyl)-DAZA: efficient one-pot synthesis and labelling with 68Ga for PET liver imaging in ovo. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:9000-9007. [PMID: 29923561 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01038b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the isolation of a new type of 1,4-diazepan-6-amine (DAZA)-based ligand. Condensation of aldehydes with DAZA gives a novel class of 1,5-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes in nearly quantitative yields. Subsequent reductive cleavage of these bicyclic aminal species with sodium borohydride selectively leads to N,1,4-tri(4-alkoxy-2-hydroxybenzyl)-1,4-diazepan-6-amines (alkoxy = Me: TMeOHB-DAZA; alkoxy = Et: TEtOHB-DAZA) via a unique reductive alkylation reaction in which a substituent is added to the DAZA moiety without the presence of an alkylating agent. Mass spectrometry studies of the intermediates suggest that the mechanism involves insertion of in situ released carbonyl species into an aminal bond to form hemiaminal intermediates, and subsequent reduction. TMeOHB-DAZA and TEtOHB-DAZA are hexadentate ligands suitable for effectively coordinating Ga(iii) ions. Chelation of the radionuclide 68Ga was achieved within 5 min at 100 °C. In vitro stability studies in PBS and human serum confirmed the kinetic inertness of the tracers as no 68Ga demetallation was observed over a period of 4 h. Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging after in ovo administration to incubated ostrich eggs showed a high uptake in the liver, namely 27% (60 min post injection), and subsequent biliary excretion. These results suggest that [68Ga]Ga-TMeOHB-DAZA and [68Ga]Ga-TEtOHB-DAZA have excellent potential as hepatobiliary PET/CT imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Greiser
- University Hospital Jena, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
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14
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Price TW, Greenman J, Stasiuk GJ. Current advances in ligand design for inorganic positron emission tomography tracers 68Ga, 64Cu, 89Zr and 44Sc. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:15702-15724. [PMID: 26865360 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04706d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A key part of the development of metal based Positron Emission Tomography probes is the chelation of the radiometal. In this review the recent developments in the chelation of four positron emitting radiometals, 68Ga, 64Cu, 89Zr and 44Sc, are explored. The factors that effect the chelation of each radio metal and the ideal ligand system will be discussed with regards to high in vivo stability, complexation conditions, conjugation to targeting motifs and complexation kinetics. A series of cyclic, cross-bridged and acyclic ligands will be discussed, such as CP256 which forms stable complexes with 68Ga under mild conditions and PCB-TE2A which has been shown to form a highly stable complex with 64Cu. 89Zr and 44Sc have seen significant development in recent years with a number of chelates being applied to each metal - eight coordinate di-macrocyclic terephthalamide ligands were found to rapidly produce more stable complexes with 89Zr than the widely used DFO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Price
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - John Greenman
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Graeme J Stasiuk
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
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15
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Prospective of 68Ga Radionuclide Contribution to the Development of Imaging Agents for Infection and Inflammation. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018. [PMID: 29531507 PMCID: PMC5817300 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9713691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, the utilization of 68Ga for the development of imaging agents has increased considerably with the leading position in the oncology. The imaging of infection and inflammation is lagging despite strong unmet medical needs. This review presents the potential routes for the development of 68Ga-based agents for the imaging and quantification of infection and inflammation in various diseases and connection of the diagnosis to the treatment for the individualized patient management.
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16
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New Insights in the Design of Bioactive Peptides and Chelating Agents for Imaging and Therapy in Oncology. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081282. [PMID: 28767081 PMCID: PMC6152110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many synthetic peptides have been developed for diagnosis and therapy of human cancers based on their ability to target specific receptors on cancer cell surface or to penetrate the cell membrane. Chemical modifications of amino acid chains have significantly improved the biological activity, the stability and efficacy of peptide analogues currently employed as anticancer drugs or as molecular imaging tracers. The stability of somatostatin, integrins and bombesin analogues in the human body have been significantly increased by cyclization and/or insertion of non-natural amino acids in the peptide sequences. Moreover, the overall pharmacokinetic properties of such analogues and others (including cholecystokinin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and neurotensin analogues) have been improved by PEGylation and glycosylation. Furthermore, conjugation of those peptide analogues to new linkers and bifunctional chelators (such as AAZTA, TETA, TRAP, NOPO etc.), produced radiolabeled moieties with increased half life and higher binding affinity to the cognate receptors. This review describes the most important and recent chemical modifications introduced in the amino acid sequences as well as linkers and new bifunctional chelators which have significantly improved the specificity and sensitivity of peptides used in oncologic diagnosis and therapy.
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17
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Farkas E, Nagel J, Waldron BP, Parker D, Tóth I, Brücher E, Rösch F, Baranyai Z. Equilibrium, Kinetic and Structural Properties of Gallium(III) and Some Divalent Metal Complexes Formed with the New DATA m and DATA 5m Ligands. Chemistry 2017; 23:10358-10371. [PMID: 28504822 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of 68 Ge/68 Ga generators has made the positron-emitting 68 Ga isotope widely accessible and raised interest in new chelate complexes of Ga3+ . The hexadentate 1,4-di(acetate)-6-methyl[amino(methyl)acetate]perhydro-1,4-diazepane (DATAm ) ligand and its bifunctional analogue, 1,4-di(acetate)-6-pentanoic acid[amino(methyl)acetate]perhydro-1,4-diazepane (DATA5m ), rapidly form complexes with 68 Ga in high radiochemical yield. The stability constants of DATAm and DATA5m complexes formed with Ga3+ , Zn2+ , Cu2+ , Mn2+ and Ca2+ have been determined by using pH potentiometry, spectrophotometry (Cu2+ ) and 1 H and 71 Ga NMR spectroscopy (Ga3+ ). The stability constants of Ga(DATAm ) and Ga(DATA5m ) complexes are slightly higher than those of Ga(AAZTA). The species distribution calculations indicated the predominance of Ga(L)OH mixed-hydroxo complexes at physiological pH. The 1 H and 71 Ga NMR spectroscopy studies provided information about the coordinated functional groups of ligands and on the kinetics of exchange between the Ga(L) and Ga(L)OH complexes. The transmetalation reactions between the Ga(L) complexes and Cu2+ citrate (6<pH<8.5) occur through both spontaneous and OH- -assisted dissociation of the Ga(L)OH species. At pH 7.4 and 25 °C, the half-lives of the dissociation of Ga(DATAm ), Ga(DATA5m ) and Ga(AAZTA) were 11, 44 and 24 h, respectively. Similar half-lives have been obtained for the ligand-exchange reactions between the Ga(L)OH complexes and transferrin. The equilibrium and kinetic data indicate that the Ga(DATA5m ) complex is a good 68 Ga-based radiodiagnostic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Farkas
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Johannes Nagel
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, University of Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bradley P Waldron
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - David Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Imre Tóth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ernő Brücher
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Frank Rösch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, University of Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zsolt Baranyai
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.,Present address: Bracco Imaging-CRB/Trieste, Area Science Park. Ed. Q, SS 14, km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza Trieste, Italy
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18
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Nagy G, Szikra D, Trencsényi G, Fekete A, Garai I, Giani AM, Negri R, Masciocchi N, Maiocchi A, Uggeri F, Tóth I, Aime S, Giovenzana GB, Baranyai Z. AAZTA: An Ideal Chelating Agent for the Development of 44
Sc PET Imaging Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2118-2122. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Nagy
- Scanomed Ltd.; Nagyerdei Krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
- University of Debrecen; Medical Imaging Clinic; Nagyerdei krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Dezső Szikra
- Scanomed Ltd.; Nagyerdei Krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
- University of Debrecen; Medical Imaging Clinic; Nagyerdei krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - György Trencsényi
- Scanomed Ltd.; Nagyerdei Krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
- University of Debrecen; Medical Imaging Clinic; Nagyerdei krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Anikó Fekete
- University of Debrecen; Medical Imaging Clinic; Nagyerdei krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Ildikó Garai
- Scanomed Ltd.; Nagyerdei Krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Arianna M. Giani
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Largo Donegani 2/3 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Roberto Negri
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Largo Donegani 2/3 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Norberto Masciocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia and To.Sca.Lab; Università degli Studi dell'Insubria; via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Alessandro Maiocchi
- Bracco Imaging spa; Bracco Research Centre; Via Ribes 5 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO) Italy
| | - Fulvio Uggeri
- Bracco Imaging spa; Bracco Research Centre; Via Ribes 5 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO) Italy
| | - Imre Tóth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; 4032 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1 Hungary
| | - Silvio Aime
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute; Centro di Imaging Molecolare e Preclinico; Università degli Studi di Torino; Via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - Giovanni B. Giovenzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Largo Donegani 2/3 28100 Novara Italy
- CAGE Chemicals srl; Via Bovio 6 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Zsolt Baranyai
- Bracco Imaging spa; Bracco Research Centre; Via Ribes 5 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO) Italy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; 4032 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1 Hungary
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19
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Nagy G, Szikra D, Trencsényi G, Fekete A, Garai I, Giani AM, Negri R, Masciocchi N, Maiocchi A, Uggeri F, Tóth I, Aime S, Giovenzana GB, Baranyai Z. AAZTA: An Ideal Chelating Agent for the Development of 44
Sc PET Imaging Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Nagy
- Scanomed Ltd.; Nagyerdei Krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
- University of Debrecen; Medical Imaging Clinic; Nagyerdei krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Dezső Szikra
- Scanomed Ltd.; Nagyerdei Krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
- University of Debrecen; Medical Imaging Clinic; Nagyerdei krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - György Trencsényi
- Scanomed Ltd.; Nagyerdei Krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
- University of Debrecen; Medical Imaging Clinic; Nagyerdei krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Anikó Fekete
- University of Debrecen; Medical Imaging Clinic; Nagyerdei krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Ildikó Garai
- Scanomed Ltd.; Nagyerdei Krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Arianna M. Giani
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Largo Donegani 2/3 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Roberto Negri
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Largo Donegani 2/3 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Norberto Masciocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia and To.Sca.Lab; Università degli Studi dell'Insubria; via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Alessandro Maiocchi
- Bracco Imaging spa; Bracco Research Centre; Via Ribes 5 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO) Italy
| | - Fulvio Uggeri
- Bracco Imaging spa; Bracco Research Centre; Via Ribes 5 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO) Italy
| | - Imre Tóth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; 4032 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1 Hungary
| | - Silvio Aime
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute; Centro di Imaging Molecolare e Preclinico; Università degli Studi di Torino; Via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - Giovanni B. Giovenzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Largo Donegani 2/3 28100 Novara Italy
- CAGE Chemicals srl; Via Bovio 6 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Zsolt Baranyai
- Bracco Imaging spa; Bracco Research Centre; Via Ribes 5 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO) Italy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; 4032 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1 Hungary
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20
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Nock BA, Kaloudi A, Nagel J, Sinnes JP, Roesch F, Maina T. Novel bifunctional DATA chelator for quick access to site-directed PET 68Ga-radiotracers: preclinical proof-of-principle with [Tyr3]octreotide. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:14584-14590. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01684k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of 68Ga-DATA-TOC vs. 68Ga-DOTA-TOC in sst2-positive cells and tumor-bearing mice revealed the suitability of DATA for easy access to 68Ga-labeled vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold A. Nock
- Molecular Radiopharmacy
- INRASTES
- NCSR “Demokritos”
- GR-15310 Athens
- Greece
| | | | - Johannes Nagel
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz
- D-55126 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Sinnes
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz
- D-55126 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Frank Roesch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz
- D-55126 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Theodosia Maina
- Molecular Radiopharmacy
- INRASTES
- NCSR “Demokritos”
- GR-15310 Athens
- Greece
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Seemann J, Waldron B, Parker D, Roesch F. DATATOC: a novel conjugate for kit-type 68Ga labelling of TOC at ambient temperature. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2016; 1:4. [PMID: 29564381 PMCID: PMC5843802 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-016-0007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The widespread acceptance and application of 68Ga-PET depends on our ability to develop radiopharmaceuticals that can be prepared in a convenient and suitable manner. A kit-type labelling protocol provides such characteristics and requires chelators that can be radiolabelled under exceptionally mild conditions. Recently the DATA chelators have been introduced that fulfil these requirements. In continuing their development, the synthesis and radiolabelling of the first DATA bifunctional chelator (BFC) and peptide conjugate are described. Results A BFC derived from the DATA ligand (2,2'-(6-((carboxymethyl)amino)-1,4-diazepane-1,4-diyl)diacetic acid) has been synthesised in five steps from simple building blocks, with an overall yield of 8 %. DATAM5-3tBu (5-[1,4-Bis-tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl-6-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl-methyl-amino)-[1, 4]diazepan-6-yl]-pentanoic acid) has been coupled to [DPhe1][Tyr3]-octreotide (TOC) and the resulting peptide conjugate (DATATOC) radiolabelled with purified 68Ga derived via four different 68Ge/68Ga generator post-processing (PP) methods. The stability and lipophilicity of the radiotracer have been assessed and a kit-type formulation for radiolabelling evaluated. 68Ga-DATATOC has been prepared with a > 95 % radiochemical yield (RCY) within 1 (fractionated and acetone-PP) and 10 min (ethanol- and NaCl-PP) at 23 °C (pH 4.2-4.9, 13 nmol). The radiolabelled peptide is stable in the presence of human serum. Lipophilicity of 68Ga-DATATOC was calculated as logP = -3.2 ± 0.3, with a HPLC retention time (tR = 10.4 min) similar to 68Ga-DOTATOC (logP = -2.9 ± 0.4, tR = 10.3 min). Kit-type labelling from a lyophilised solid using acetone-PP based labelling achieves > 95 % RCY in 10 min at 23 °C. Conclusions The favourable labelling properties of the DATA chelators have been retained for DATATOC. High radiochemical purity can be achieved at 23 °C in less than 1 min and from a kit formulation. The speed, reliability, ease, flexibility and simplicity with which 68Ga-DATATOC can be prepared makes it a very attractive alternative to current standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Seemann
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bradley Waldron
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - David Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Frank Roesch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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22
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Burke BP, Seemann J, Archibald SJ. Advanced Chelator Design for Metal Complexes in Imaging Applications. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Seemann J, Waldron BP, Roesch F, Parker D. Approaching 'Kit-Type' Labelling with (68)Ga: The DATA Chelators. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1019-26. [PMID: 25899500 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The DATA chelators are a novel class of tri-anionic ligands based on 6-amino-1,4-diazepine-triacetic acid, which have been introduced recently for the chelation of (68)Ga. Compared with macrocyclic chelators based on the cyclen scaffold (i.e., DOTA, DO3A, and DO2A derivatives), DATA chelators undergo quantitative radiolabelling more rapidly and under milder conditions. In this study, a systematic evaluation of the labelling of four DATA chelators--DATA(M), DATA(P), DATA(Ph), and DATA(PPh)--with (68)Ga is presented. The results highlight the extraordinary potential of this new class of chelators for application in molecular imaging using (68)Ga positron emission tomography (PET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Seemann
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz (Germany).
| | - Bradley P Waldron
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz (Germany).,Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE (UK)
| | - Frank Roesch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz (Germany)
| | - David Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE (UK)
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Velikyan I. Continued rapid growth in68Ga applications: update 2013 to June 2014. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015; 58:99-121. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Velikyan
- Preclinical PET Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Uppsala University; SE-75183 Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science; Uppsala University; SE-75285 Uppsala Sweden
- PET-Centre, Centre for Medical Imaging; Uppsala University Hospital; SE-75185 Uppsala Sweden
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Seemann J, Eppard E, Waldron BP, Ross TL, Roesch F. Cation exchange-based post-processing of (68)Ga-eluate: a comparison of three solvent systems for labelling of DOTATOC, NO2AP(BP) and DATA(m.). Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 98:54-9. [PMID: 25638573 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Interest in (68)Ga has led to a number of innovations for its provision suitable for clinical application. Several post-processing methods are available to reduce eluate volume and remove metal trace impurities. In this work three cation exchange resin based post-processing methods (acetone, ethanol and NaCl) have been compared, using three model precursors (DOTATOC, NO2AP(BP) and DATA(m)), in terms of labelling yield and reproducibility. The acetone and ethanol based methods provided greater reproducibility and yields that makes subsequent purification unnecessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Seemann
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Eppard
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bradley P Waldron
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias L Ross
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Roesch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany..
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NMR characterization and conformational analysis of a potent papain-family cathepsin L-like cysteine protease inhibitor with different behaviour in polar and apolar media. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
Radiometals comprise many useful radioactive isotopes of various metallic elements. When properly harnessed, these have valuable emission properties that can be used for diagnostic imaging techniques, such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT, e.g.(67)Ga, (99m)Tc, (111)In, (177)Lu) and positron emission tomography (PET, e.g.(68)Ga, (64)Cu, (44)Sc, (86)Y, (89)Zr), as well as therapeutic applications (e.g.(47)Sc, (114m)In, (177)Lu, (90)Y, (212/213)Bi, (212)Pb, (225)Ac, (186/188)Re). A fundamental critical component of a radiometal-based radiopharmaceutical is the chelator, the ligand system that binds the radiometal ion in a tight stable coordination complex so that it can be properly directed to a desirable molecular target in vivo. This article is a guide for selecting the optimal match between chelator and radiometal for use in these systems. The article briefly introduces a selection of relevant and high impact radiometals, and their potential utility to the fields of radiochemistry, nuclear medicine, and molecular imaging. A description of radiometal-based radiopharmaceuticals is provided, and several key design considerations are discussed. The experimental methods by which chelators are assessed for their suitability with a variety of radiometal ions is explained, and a large selection of the most common and most promising chelators are evaluated and discussed for their potential use with a variety of radiometals. Comprehensive tables have been assembled to provide a convenient and accessible overview of the field of radiometal chelating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Price
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaV6T 1Z1.
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28
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Morgenstern B, Neis C, Zaschka A, Romba J, Weyhermüller T, Hegetschweiler K. Formation and base hydrolysis of oxidimethaneamine bridges in CoIII-amine complexes. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:12080-97. [PMID: 24088115 DOI: 10.1021/ic4019053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
cis-[CoL2](3+) (1a(3+)), trans-[CoL2](3+) (2a(3+)), cis-[Co(MeL)2](3+) (1b(3+)), and trans-[Co(MeL)2](3+) (2b(3+)), L = 1,4-diazepan-6-amine (daza) and MeL = 6-methyl-1,4-diazepan-6-amine (Medaza), were allowed to react as templates in acetonitrile with paraformaldehyde and triethylamine. Several Co(III) complexes, where two adjacent amino groups of two ligand moieties are interlinked by an oxidimethaneamine bridge, were obtained. Connection of a primary with a secondary amino group (prim-sec bridging) was found to be predominant. The singly and doubly bridged daza- and Medaza-derivatives 7a(3+), 9a(3+) and 7b(3+), 9b(3+) were characterized by crystal-structure analysis. The bridging process resulted in a slight lengthening of the mean Co-N distance, a red shift of the A1g-T1g transition, and an increase of the Co(III)/Co(II) reduction potential. Several minor components, which could be only partially separated by chromatographic methods, were also formed. The daza-derivatives 6a(3+) (prim-prim bridged) and 10a(3+) (bidentate coordination of one daza frame) formed in small quantities. The Medaza derivatives 3b(3+) and 4b(3+) (trans configuration of the Medaza frames, with additional pending carbinolamino groups), and 8b(3+) (with a methylideneimino group) represent intermediates of the condensation process. Their structure was again corroborated by X-ray diffraction. All bridged species (6a(3+), 7a(3+), 7b(3+), 8b(3+), 9a(3+), 9b(3+), and 10a(3+)) exhibited exclusively a cis orientation of the two diazepane frames, even if the trans configured 2a(3+) or 2b(3+) were used as starting materials. Molecular mechanics calculations indicate that in the bridged species with a trans configuration steric strain is substantially more pronounced. In alkaline aqueous media, 9a(3+) and 9b(3+) revealed a complete degradation of the bridges whereby the original 1a(3+) and 1b(3+) reformed. The pseudo-first-order rate constant k(obs) of the degradation reaction was found to depend linearly on OH(-) concentration. The degradation of the first bridge is about 100 times faster than the degradation of the second. The mechanism of formation and degradation of such oxidimethaneamine bridges is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Morgenstern
- Anorganische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes , Postfach 15 11 50, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Parker D, Waldron BP, Yufit DS. Crystallographic and solution NMR structural analyses of four hexacoordinated gallium(iii) complexes based on ligands derived from 6-amino-perhydro-1,4-diazepine. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:8001-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50287b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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