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Chaudhary V, Chaturvedi S, Wadhwa A, Chaudhary R, Gautam D, Sharma D, Kumar R, Mishra AK. Design, development and bio-evaluation of a novel radio-ligand 99mTc-THQ-DTPA as a sigma 2 receptor specific breast tumor imaging agent. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 97:117515. [PMID: 38043245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Over-expression of sigma-2 receptor in cancer cells provides an opportunity to develop molecular probes for diagnosis, even for non-receptor specific malignancies like triple negative breast cancers. In this work, a novel sigma-2 receptor ligand [THQ-DTPA] has been synthesized and characterized using 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (THQ) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). The ligand is further chelated with 99mTc for application as metal based radiotracer [99mTc-THQ-DTPA]. Radiolabelling with 99mTc was achieved in an excellent yield of 98.0 ± 0.5% using stannous chloride as a reducing agent. The radioligand was found to be stable in human serum up-to 24 h, bio-compatible with less than 4% hemolysis, and exhibited high binding with sigma receptors isolated from rat liver membrane (Kd of 16.32 ± 4.93 nM and Bmax of 0.5232 ± 0.06 pmol/mg). Bio-distribution studies in triple-negative breast tumor bearing nude mice showed high tumor uptake after 30 min of injection with tumor/muscle (T/M) ratio of 3.58 ± 0.09. At 240 min, the T/M ratio (2.84 ± 0.20) decreased by 35% when administered in sigma blocked tumor bearing mice (1.81 ± 0.16) suggesting the selectivity of the ligand. Tumor imaging in gamma camera indicated a contrast of 3.56 at 30 min p.i. The above findings indicate that the ligand 99mTc-THQ-DTPA binds to sigma-2 receptors with high affinity and has potential for triple-negative breast tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha Chaudhary
- Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, North Campus, University Enclave, Delhi 110007, India; Department of Radiological Nuclear and Imaging Science, INMAS, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Shubhra Chaturvedi
- Department of Radiological Nuclear and Imaging Science, INMAS, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
| | - Anju Wadhwa
- University of California, San Francisco 94107, United States
| | - Ritika Chaudhary
- Department of Radiological Nuclear and Imaging Science, INMAS, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India; Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University Enclave, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Divya Gautam
- Department of Radiological Nuclear and Imaging Science, INMAS, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Department of Radiological Nuclear and Imaging Science, INMAS, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India; Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rupesh Kumar
- Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, North Campus, University Enclave, Delhi 110007, India
| | - A K Mishra
- Department of Radiological Nuclear and Imaging Science, INMAS, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
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El Baraka Y, Hamdoun G, El Brahmi N, El Kazzouli S. Unlocking the Potential of Deep Eutectic Solvents for C-H Activation and Cross-Coupling Reactions: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:4651. [PMID: 37375204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Green chemistry principles have underpinned the development of deep eutectic solvents (DESs). In this brief overview, we discuss the potential of DESs as a greener alternative to volatile organic solvents for cross-coupling and C-H activation reactions in organic chemistry. DESs offer numerous benefits, such as easy preparation, low toxicity, high biodegradability, and the potential to replace volatile organic compounds. The ability of DESs to recover the catalyst-solvent system enhances their sustainability. This review highlights recent advances and challenges in utilizing DESs as a reaction media, as well as the impact of physicochemical properties on the reaction process. Several types of reactions are studied to highlight their effectiveness at promoting C-C bond formation. Aside from demonstrating the success of DESs in this context, this review also discusses the limitations and future prospects of DESs in organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine El Baraka
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Ghanem Hamdoun
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Nabil El Brahmi
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Saïd El Kazzouli
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
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QSAR-Based Computational Approaches to Accelerate the Discovery of Sigma-2 Receptor (S2R) Ligands as Therapeutic Drugs. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175270. [PMID: 34500703 PMCID: PMC8434483 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
S2R overexpression is associated with various forms of cancer as well as both neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia) and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease: AD). In the present study, three ligand-based methods (QSAR modeling, pharmacophore mapping, and shape-based screening) were implemented to select putative S2R ligands from the DrugBank library comprising 2000+ entries. Four separate optimization algorithms (i.e., stepwise regression, Lasso, genetic algorithm (GA), and a customized extension of GA called GreedGene) were adapted to select descriptors for the QSAR models. The subsequent biological evaluation of selected compounds revealed that three FDA-approved drugs for unrelated therapeutic indications exhibited sub-1 uM binding affinity for S2R. In particular, the antidepressant drug nefazodone elicited a S2R binding affinity Ki = 140 nM. A total of 159 unique S2R ligands were retrieved from 16 publications for model building, validation, and testing. To our best knowledge, the present report represents the first case to develop comprehensive QSAR models sourced by pooling and curating a large assemblage of structurally diverse S2R ligands, which should prove useful for identifying new drug leads and predicting their S2R binding affinity prior to the resource-demanding tasks of chemical synthesis and biological evaluation.
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Current development of sigma-2 receptor radioligands as potential tumor imaging agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105163. [PMID: 34289426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sigma receptors are transmembrane proteins with two different subtypes: σ1 and σ2. Because of its overexpression in tumors, the σ2 receptor (σ2R) is a well-known biomarker for cancer cells. A large number of small-molecule ligands for the σ2Rs have been identified and tested for imaging the proliferative status of tumors using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). These small molecules include derivatives of bicyclic amines, indoles, cyclohexylpiperazines and tetrahydroisoquinolines. This review discusses various aspects of small molecule ligands, such as chemical composition, labeling strategy, affinity for σ2Rs, and in vitro/in vivo investigations. The recent studies described here could be useful for the development of σ2R radioligands as potential tumor imaging agents.
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Faheem, Karan Kumar B, Venkata Gowri Chandra Sekhar K, Chander S, Kunjiappan S, Murugesan S. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) as privileged scaffold for anticancer de novo drug design. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1119-1147. [PMID: 33908322 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1916464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer is a dreadful disorder that is emerging as one of the leading causes of mortality across the globe. The complex tumor environment, supplemented with drawbacks of the existing drugs, has made it a global health concern. The Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) ring holds an important position in medicinal chemistry due to its wide range of pharmacological properties. Several THIQ based natural products have been previously explored for their antitumor properties, making it a vital scaffold for anticancer drug design.Areas covered: This review article addresses the potential of THIQ as anticancer agents. Various medicinal chemistry strategies employed for the design and development of THIQ analogs as inhibitors or modulators of relevant anticancer targets have been discussed in detail. Moreover, the common strategies employed for the synthesis of the core scaffold are also highlighted.Expert opinion: Evidently, THIQs have tremendous potential in anticancer drug design. Some of these analogs exhibited potent activity against various cancer molecular targets. However, there are some drawbacks, such as selectivity that need addressing. The synthetic ease for constructing the core scaffold complimented with its reactivity makes it ideal for further structure-activity relationship studies. For these reasons, THIQ is a privileged scaffold for the design and development of novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani, India
| | - Banoth Karan Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani, India
| | | | - Subhash Chander
- Amity Institute of Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani, India
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Novel thymoquinone lipidic core nanocapsules with anisamide-polymethacrylate shell for colon cancer cells overexpressing sigma receptors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10987. [PMID: 32620860 PMCID: PMC7335198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The biggest challenge in colorectal cancer therapy is to avoid intestinal drug absorption before reaching the colon, while focusing on tumor specific delivery with high local concentration and minimal toxicity. In our work, thymoquinone (TQ)-loaded polymeric nanocapsules were prepared using the nanoprecipitation technique using Eudragit S100 as polymeric shell. Conjugation of anisamide as a targeting ligand for sigma receptors overexpressed by colon cancer cells to Eudragit S100 was carried out via carbodiimide coupling reaction, and was confirmed by thin layer chromatography and 1H-NMR. TQ nanocapsules were characterized for particle size, surface morphology, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency % (EE%), in vitro drug release and physical stability. A cytotoxicity study on three colon cancer cell lines (HT-29, HCT-116, Caco-2) was performed. Results revealed that the polymeric nanocapsules were successfully prepared, and the in vitro characterization showed a suitable size, zeta potential, EE% and physical stability. TQ exhibited a delayed release pattern from the nanocapsules in vitro. Anisamide-targeted TQ nanocapsules showed higher cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells overexpressing sigma receptors compared to their non-targeted counterparts and free TQ after incubation for 48 h, hence delineating anisamide as a promising ligand for active colon cancer targeting.
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Ji X, Chen Q, Arutla V, Khdour O, Hu QY, Chen S. Double-component diazeniumdiolate derivatives as anti-cancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115405. [PMID: 32156499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a series of double-component O2-aryl diazeniumdiolate (DDNO) derivatives, of which each molecule can release up to four nitric oxide molecules. These compounds showed cytotoxic activities to cancer cells, such as human leukemia, breast cancer and lung cancer. Among them, compound 1 (DDNO-1) showed the highest specific activity to human leukemia cells. It induced cell apopotosis and arrest cell cycle of G2/M phase. The JNK and p38 protein kinases were activated by compound 1 to induce cancer cell apoptosis. Compound 1 also increased pro-apoptotic Bax level, which is a same function compared to a reported NO donor, JS-K. More interestingly, it decreased the level of an anti-apoptotic member Bcl-2, which is an opposite effect compared to JS-K. Compound 1 could be developed as a new anti-cancer agent since it increases the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio to overcome the drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Ji
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Viswanath Arutla
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Omar Khdour
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Qiong-Ying Hu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, PR China; School of Medcine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Shengxi Chen
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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Babin V, Tournier BB, Davis A, Dubost E, Pigrée G, Lohier JF, Reboul V, Cailly T, Bouillon JP, Millet P, Fabis F. Design of iodinated radioligands for SPECT imaging of central human 5-HT 4R using a ligand lipophilicity efficiency approach. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103582. [PMID: 31978687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of iodinated ligands for the SPECT imaging of 5-HT4 receptors was designed starting from the previously reported hit MR-26132. We focused on the modulation of the piperidine-containing lateral chain by introducing hydrophilic groups in order to decrease the liphophilicity of the new ligands. All the synthesized compounds were tested for their binding affinities on 5-HT4Rs and based on the Ligand Lipophilicity Efficiency approach, compound 13 was further selected for radioiodination with iodine-125 and imaging experiments. Compound 13 showed its ability to displace the specific signal of the reference compound [125I]SB-207710 but no significant detection of [125I]13 was observed in vivo in SPECT experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Babin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), 14000 Caen, France
| | - Benjamin B Tournier
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Davis
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), 14000 Caen, France
| | - Emmanuelle Dubost
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - Jean-François Lohier
- Normandie Univ, Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038, ENSICAEN & Université de Caen-Normandie, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Vincent Reboul
- Normandie Univ, Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038, ENSICAEN & Université de Caen-Normandie, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Thomas Cailly
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), 14000 Caen, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, IMOGERE, 14000 Caen, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Côte de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - Philippe Millet
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Fabis
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), 14000 Caen, France.
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Sun YT, Wang GF, Yang YQ, Jin F, Wang Y, Xie XY, Mach RH, Huang YS. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as sigma-2 receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 147:227-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Cancer nanotheranostics: A review of the role of conjugated ligands for overexpressed receptors. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 104:273-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lee I, Lieberman BP, Li S, Hou C, Makvandi M, Mach RH. Comparative evaluation of 4 and 6-carbon spacer conformationally flexible tetrahydroisoquinolinyl benzamide analogues for imaging the sigma-2 receptor status of solid tumors. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:721-731. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Murru S, McGough B, Srivastava RS. Synthesis of substituted quinolines via allylic amination and intramolecular Heck-coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:9133-8. [PMID: 25247637 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01614a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new catalytic approach for the synthesis of substituted quinolines via C-N and C-C bond formation using 2-haloaryl hydroxylamines and allylic C-H substrates is described. Fe-catalyzed allylic C-H amination followed by Pd-catalyzed intramolecular Heck-coupling and aerobic dehydrogenation deliver the valuable quinoline and naphthyridine heterocycles in good to excellent overall yields. In this process, Pd(OAc)2 plays a dual role in catalyzing Heck coupling as well as aerobic dehydrogenation of dihydroquinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Murru
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA.
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