1
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Wei D, Sun Y, Zhu H, Fu Q. Stimuli-Responsive Polymer-Based Nanosystems for Cancer Theranostics. ACS NANO 2023; 17:23223-23261. [PMID: 38041800 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers can respond to internal stimuli, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), and pH, biological stimuli, such as enzymes, and external stimuli, such as lasers and ultrasound, etc., by changing their hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, degradability, ionizability, etc., and thus have been widely used in biomedical applications. Due to the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), stimuli-responsive polymers that cater specifically to the TME have been extensively used to prepare smart nanovehicles for the targeted delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents to tumor tissues. Compared to conventional drug delivery nanosystems, TME-responsive nanosystems have many advantages, such as high sensitivity, broad applicability among different tumors, functional versatility, and improved biosafety. In recent years, a great deal of research has been devoted to engineering efficient stimuli-responsive polymeric nanosystems, and significant improvement has been made to both cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we summarize some recent research advances involving the use of stimuli-responsive polymer nanocarriers in drug delivery, tumor imaging, therapy, and theranostics. Various chemical stimuli will be described in the context of stimuli-responsive nanosystems. Accordingly, the functional chemical groups responsible for the responsiveness and the strategies to incorporate these groups into the polymer will be discussed in detail. With the research on this topic expending at a fast pace, some innovative concepts, such as sequential and cascade drug release, NIR-II imaging, and multifunctional formulations, have emerged as popular strategies for enhanced performance, which will also be included here with up-to-date illustrations. We hope that this review will offer valuable insights for the selection and optimization of stimuli-responsive polymers to help accelerate their future applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengshuai Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Hu Zhu
- Maoming People's Hospital, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Qinrui Fu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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2
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He X, Qi J, Chen M, Lv J, Xiao H, Hu J, Zeng K, Yang G. Preparation of novel bio-based imine-containing phthalonitrile resin through the nucleophilic reaction in green solvent. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Xie H, He X, Pu Y, Lv J, Chen M, Zeng K, Yang G. Synthesis of oligomeric phthalonitrile resins containing imide units and study of the methylene-cyano thermal synergistic polymerization effect. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083211073658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The meta- and para-catenated methylene-containing phthalonitrile oligomers were prepared from the reaction of an excess amount of 4,4′-(4,4′-isopropylidenediphenoxy) bis-(phthalic anhydride) (BPADA) with 4,4′-Methylenedianiline (MDA) in a N, N-dimethylformamide/ toluene solvent mixture, followed by end-capping agent with 4-nitrophthalonitrile or 4-phenoxyaniline in a two-step, one-pot reaction. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that both PN oligomers exhibited low softening points. The self-catalyzed curing reactivity of the PN oligomers was confirmed by the isothermal rheological measurements. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry (UV–Vis) data of the pre-curing resins were employed to investigate the chemical structure of the pre-cured resins, suggesting that oligomers generated crosslinking sites, including triazine, isoindoline, and phthalocyanine. The results further confirmed the self-catalyzed curing reactivity of the oligomers. Thermal properties were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), demonstrating good thermal properties of the cured resins. The glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of PIPN-1-325, PIPN-1-350, PIPN-1-375 were in the range of 285–345°C, the 5% weight loss temperature (T5%) was observed at 482°C. The PIPN-2-325, PIPN-2-350, PIPN-2-375 showed Tgs ranging from 293 to 370°C, and T5% of the resins were in the range of 481–501°C. Then the isothermal rheological results of model compound and PN oligomers implied that the curing process of PN oligomers was closely related to the methylene-cyano radical thermal synergistic polymerization (TSP) effect proposed in our previous research, and then a revised curing mechanism (radical TSP mechanism) was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xian He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yu Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jiangbo Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Menghao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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4
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Recent Progress in Phthalocyanine-Polymeric Nanoparticle Delivery Systems for Cancer Photodynamic Therapy. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092426. [PMID: 34578740 PMCID: PMC8469866 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This perspective article summarizes the last decade’s developments in the field of phthalocyanine (Pc)-polymeric nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems for cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT), including studies with at least in vitro data. Moreover, special attention will be paid to the various strategies for enhancing the behavior of Pc-polymeric NPs in PDT, underlining the great potential of this class of nanomaterials as advanced Pcs’ nanocarriers for cancer PDT. This review shows that there is still a lot of research to be done, opening the door to new and interesting nanodelivery systems.
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5
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Ahmetali E, Sen P, Süer NC, Aksu B, Nyokong T, Eren T, Şener MK. Enhanced Light‐Driven Antimicrobial Activity of Cationic Poly(oxanorbornene)s by Phthalocyanine Incorporation into Polymer as Pendants. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erem Ahmetali
- Department of Chemistry Yıldız Technical University Istanbul 34210 Turkey
| | - Pinar Sen
- Department of Chemistry Rhodes University Grahamstown 6140 South Africa
| | - N. Ceren Süer
- Department of Chemistry Yıldız Technical University Istanbul 34210 Turkey
| | - Burak Aksu
- Department of Medical Microbiology Marmara University Istanbul 34854 Turkey
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry Yıldız Technical University Istanbul 34210 Turkey
- Department of Chemistry Rhodes University Grahamstown 6140 South Africa
| | - Tarik Eren
- Department of Chemistry Yıldız Technical University Istanbul 34210 Turkey
| | - M. Kasım Şener
- Department of Chemistry Yıldız Technical University Istanbul 34210 Turkey
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6
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Peng W, Lu Z, Liang B, Liu Y, Li C, Hu J, Zeng K, Yang G. New model phthalonitrile resin system based on self‐promoted curing reaction for exploring the mechanism of radical promoted‐polymerization effect. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Chengfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghuai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
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7
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Yu Y, Xu Q, He S, Xiong H, Zhang Q, Xu W, Ricotta V, Bai L, Zhang Q, Yu Z, Ding J, Xiao H, Zhou D. Recent advances in delivery of photosensitive metal-based drugs. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Petrizza L, Le Bechec M, Decompte E, El Hadri H, Lacombe S, Save M. Tuning photosensitized singlet oxygen production from microgels synthesized by polymerization in aqueous dispersed media. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00157c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Miniemulsion copolymerization of vinyl acetate, N-vinylcaprolactam, vinyl benzyl Rose Bengal and divinyl adipate to synthesize switchable photosensitizer-grafted polymer colloids for interfacial photooxygenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Petrizza
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA
- IPREM
- Institut des sciences analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'environnement et les Matériaux
- PAU cedex 9
- France
| | - Mickael Le Bechec
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA
- IPREM
- Institut des sciences analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'environnement et les Matériaux
- PAU cedex 9
- France
| | - Emile Decompte
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA
- IPREM
- Institut des sciences analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'environnement et les Matériaux
- PAU cedex 9
- France
| | - Hind El Hadri
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA
- IPREM
- Institut des sciences analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'environnement et les Matériaux
- PAU cedex 9
- France
| | - Sylvie Lacombe
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA
- IPREM
- Institut des sciences analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'environnement et les Matériaux
- PAU cedex 9
- France
| | - Maud Save
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA
- IPREM
- Institut des sciences analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'environnement et les Matériaux
- PAU cedex 9
- France
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9
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Cai Y, Si W, Huang W, Chen P, Shao J, Dong X. Organic Dye Based Nanoparticles for Cancer Phototheranostics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1704247. [PMID: 29611290 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201704247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phototheranostics, which simultaneously combines photodynamic and/or photothermal therapy with deep-tissue diagnostic imaging, is a promising strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. Organic dyes with the merits of strong near-infrared absorbance, high photo-to-radical and/or photothermal conversion efficiency, great biocompatibility, ready chemical structure fine-tuning capability, and easy metabolism, have been demonstrated as attractive candidates for clinical phototheranostics. These organic dyes can be further designed and fabricated into nanoparticles (NPs) using various strategies. Compared to free molecules, these NPs can be equipped with multiple synergistic functions and show longer lifetime in blood circulation and passive tumor-targeting property via the enhanced permeability and retention effect. In this article, the recent progress of organic dye-based NPs for cancer phototheranostic applications is summarized, which extends the anticancer arsenal and holds promise for clinical uses in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cai
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University, No 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Weili Si
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Jinjun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Xiaochen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
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10
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Xu X, Cui Y, Bu H, Chen J, Li Y, Tang G, Wang LQ. A photosensitizer loaded hemoglobin–polymer conjugate as a nanocarrier for enhanced photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:1825-1833. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb03109b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A hemoglobin–polymer conjugate (HbTcMs) with oxygen supply was applied to generate more singlet oxygen for enhanced photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Yuecheng Cui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Huixuan Bu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Jiaming Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310028
- China
| | - Guping Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310028
- China
| | - Li-Qun Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
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11
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Obata M, Tanaka S, Mizukoshi H, Ishihara E, Takahashi M, Hirohara S. RAFT synthesis of polystyrene-block-poly(polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether acrylate) for zinc phthalocyanine-loaded polymeric micelles as photodynamic therapy photosensitizers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Obata
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering; University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda; Kofu 400-8510 Japan
| | - Shuto Tanaka
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering; University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda; Kofu 400-8510 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mizukoshi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering; University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda; Kofu 400-8510 Japan
| | - Eika Ishihara
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering; University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda; Kofu 400-8510 Japan
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering; University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda; Kofu 400-8510 Japan
| | - Shiho Hirohara
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; National Institute of Technology, Ube College, 2-14-1 Tokiwadai; Ube 755-8555 Japan
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12
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Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers respond to a variety of external stimuli, which include optical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, redox, pH, chemical, environmental and biological signals. This paper is concerned with the process of forming such polymers by RAFT polymerization.
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13
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Yuan P, Ji S, Hu J, Hu X, Zeng K, Yang G. Systematic study on highly efficient Thermal Synergistic Polymerization effect between alicyclic imide moiety and phthalonitrile: Scope, Properties and Mechanism. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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15
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Lacombe S, Pigot T. Materials for selective photo-oxygenation vs. photocatalysis: preparation, properties and applications in environmental and health fields. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01929j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitizing materials made of organic dyes embedded in various supports are compared to usual supported TiO2-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Lacombe
- IPREM UMR CNRS 5254
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour
- 64053 Pau Cedex
- France
| | - T. Pigot
- IPREM UMR CNRS 5254
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour
- 64053 Pau Cedex
- France
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16
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Chen K, Bao M, Muñoz Bonilla A, Zhang W, Chen G. A biomimicking and electrostatic self-assembly strategy for the preparation of glycopolymer decorated photoactive nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00129g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A biomimicking and electrostatic self-assembly strategy for the preparation of glycopolymer decorated photoactive nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215006
- P. R. China
| | - Meimei Bao
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215006
- P. R. China
| | - Alexandra Muñoz Bonilla
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215006
- P. R. China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215006
- P. R. China
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17
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Wang S, Yuan F, Chen K, Chen G, Tu K, Wang H, Wang LQ. Synthesis of Hemoglobin Conjugated Polymeric Micelle: A ZnPc Carrier with Oxygen Self-Compensating Ability for Photodynamic Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Wang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Fang Yuan
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Kui Chen
- Center
for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- Center
for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Kehua Tu
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Li-Qun Wang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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18
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Hu J, Liu Y, Jiao Y, Ji S, Sun R, Yuan P, Zeng K, Pu X, Yang G. Self-promoted phthalimide-containing phthalonitrile resins with sluggish curing process and excellent thermal stability. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra17306f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel unsymmetrical phthalimide-containing phthalonitrile was synthesized and showed excellent thermal properties. A nucleophilic addition mechanism was introduced to explain the different reactivities of active H-containing heterocyclic structures toward phthalonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghuai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Yancui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Jiao
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Suchun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Ke Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Pu
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
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