1
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Photoinduced electron transfer in triazole-bridged donor-acceptor dyads – A critical perspective. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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2
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Nikam SB, Pratap Singh C, Krishnamurty S, SK A. Structure-property insights into chiral thiophene copolymers by direct heteroarylation polymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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3
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Seidler B, Wahyuono RA, Wintergerst P, Ahner J, Hager MD, Rau S, Schubert US, Dietzek B. Red-light sensitized hole-conducting polymer for energy conversion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18026-18034. [PMID: 34612276 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03114g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel hole conductive polymer with photoactive Os(ii) complexes in the side chains. This PPV derivative can be activated upon absorption of red visible light and delivers notable photocurrents when used as photocathode material. Thus, the polymer presents as a stepping stone towards developing soft matter alternatives to NiO photocathodes, which function under visible light irradiation. To show the concept we combine electrical impedance spectroscopy with steady state spectroscopy. As light-driven hole injection from Os complex to the PPV polymer is thermodynamically feasible both based on reductive quenching of photoexcited PPV and based on oxidative quenching of the photoexcited Os chromophores we investigate the impact of illumination wavelengths on the photocathode behavior and photochemical stability of the material. While both blue and red light excitation, i.e., excitation of the chromophoric units PPV and excitation of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer transitions in the side-chain pendant Os chromophores yield cathodic photocurrents, the photochemical stability is drastically enhanced upon red-light excitation. Hence, the results of the investigations discussed show the validity of the concept developing red-light sensitized hole-conducting polymers for energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Seidler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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4
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Rader Bowers LM, Puodziukynaite E, Wang L, Morseth ZA, Schanze KS, Reynolds JR, Papanikolas JM. It Is Good to Be Flexible: Energy Transport Facilitated by Conformational Fluctuations in Light-Harvesting Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:5885-5896. [PMID: 34043354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the mechanism of energy transfer between ruthenium(II) (Ru) and osmium(II) (Os) polypyridyl complexes affixed to a polyfluorene backbone (PF-RuOs) using a combination of time-resolved emission spectroscopy and coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG MD). Photoexcitation of a Ru chromophore initiates Dexter-style energy hopping along isoenergetic complexes followed by sensitization of a lower-energy Os trap. While we can determine the total energy transfer rate within an ensemble of solvated PF-RuOs from time-dependent Os* emission spectra, heterogeneity of the system and inherent polymer flexibility give rise to highly multiexponential kinetics. We developed a three-part computational kinetic model to supplement our spectroscopic results: (1) CG MD model of PF-RuOs that simulates molecular motions out to 700 ns, (2) energy transfer kinetic simulations in CG MD PF-RuOs that produce time-resolved Ru and Os excited-state populations, and (3) computational experiments that interrogate the mechanisms by which motion aids energy transfer. Good agreement between simulated and experimental emission transients reveals that our kinetic model accurately simulates the molecular motion of PF-RuOs during energy transfer. Simulated results indicate that pendant flexibility allows 81% of the excited state to sensitize an Os trap compared to a 48% occupation when we treat pendants statically. Our computational experiments show how static pendants are only able to engage in local energy transfer. The excited state equilibrates across a domain of complexes proximal to the initial excitation and becomes trapped within that unique, frozen locality. Side-chain flexibility enables pendants to swing in and out of the original domain spreading the excited state out to ±30 pendant complexes away from the initial excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Rader Bowers
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Egle Puodziukynaite
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States, United States.,School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zachary A Morseth
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States, United States
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John M Papanikolas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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5
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Hau KI, Lo KC, Xiong W, Du L, Chan WK. Synthesis of Metallo-conjugated Copolymer with Electron Deficient Main Chain and the Formation of Polymer–Carbon Nanotube Hybrids. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-019-01319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Guven N, Sultanova H, Ozer B, Yucel B, Camurlu P. Tuning of electrochromic properties of electrogenerated polythiophenes through Ru(II) complex tethering and backbone derivatization. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Yang T, Zhang CX, Li YJ, Fu YH, Yin ZH, Gao LH, Wang KZ. A 3D electropolymerized thin film based on a thiophene-functionalized Ru( ii) complex: electrochemical and photoelectrochemical insights. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00863b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A 3D electropolymerized Ru(ii) complex film exhibited a rapid redox reaction and an oxygen reduction enhanced photocurrent which increased by 1.5 fold to 2.3 μA cm−2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- P.R. China
| | - Chen-Xing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jia Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- P.R. China
| | - Ying-Huan Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Han Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua Gao
- School of Science
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Ke-Zhi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- P.R. China
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8
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Schlotthauer T, Schroot R, Glover S, Hammarström L, Jäger M, Schubert US. A multidonor-photosensitizer-multiacceptor triad for long-lived directional charge separation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:28572-28578. [PMID: 29034949 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05593e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The modular assembly of a directional photoredox-active multidonor-photosensitizer-multiacceptor (Dn-P-Am) architecture is presented. The triad assembly features a central Ru(ii) sensitizer equipped with pendant polymer chains consisting of multiple triarylamine (pTARA) and naphthalene diimide (pNDI) units, respectively. Upon excitation, the efficient formation (>96%) of charge separation (CS) was observed featuring similar CS lifetimes (400 ns) as related molecular triads. In contrast, a significant additional longer-lived CS component (2400 ns, 30%) is observed indicating multiple contributing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Schlotthauer
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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9
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Fan X, Tian R, Liu S, Qiao S, Luo Q, Yan T, Fu S, Zhang X, Xu J, Liu J. Covalently assembled polymer nanocapsules: a novel scaffold for light-harvesting. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py02068f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A light-harvesting system was firstly established on the basis of a covalently assembled nanocapsule.
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10
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Schroot R, Schlotthauer T, Dietzek B, Jäger M, Schubert US. Extending Long-lived Charge Separation Between Donor and Acceptor Blocks in Novel Copolymer Architectures Featuring a Sensitizer Core. Chemistry 2017; 23:16484-16490. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schroot
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Tina Schlotthauer
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Photonic Technology (IPHT); Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Michael Jäger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany
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11
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Alibabaei L, Brennaman MK, Meyer TJ. Light-Driven Water Splitting in the Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrosynthesis Cell. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5924-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
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12
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Du L, Xiong W, Cheng SC, Shi H, Chan WK, Phillips DL. Direct Observation of an Efficient Triplet Exciton Diffusion Process in a Platinum-Containing Conjugated Polymer. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2475-2479. [PMID: 28514159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of a conjugated polymer incorporated with cyclometalated platinum complexes on the main chain. The polymer may serve as an efficient triplet sensitizer in light-harvesting systems. The photophysical properties of the polymer were studied by nanosecond and femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopies. After excitation, an energy-transfer process from the thiophene units on the conjugated main chain to the singlet excited state of the Pt complex moieties occurred in less than 150 fs. The subsequent intersystem crossing process resulted in the formation of a triplet excited state at the Pt complex moieties in ∼3.2 ps, which was then followed by an efficient triplet diffusion process that led to the formation of triplet excitons on the polymer main chain in ∼283 ps. This proposed efficient triplet sensitized polymer system not only enhances the exciton diffusion length but also reduces energy loss in the process, which displays remarkable implications in the design of novel materials for triplet sensitized solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Du
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Wenjuan Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Shun-Cheung Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Haiting Shi
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Wai Kin Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong S.A.R., China
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13
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Schroot R, Jäger M, Schubert US. Synthetic approaches towards structurally-defined electrochemically and (photo)redox-active polymer architectures. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2754-2798. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00811a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review details synthetic strategies leading to structurally-defined electrochemically and (photo)redox-active polymer architectures,e.g.block, graft and end functionalized (co)polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schroot
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Michael Jäger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)
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14
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Morseth ZA, Pho TV, Gilligan AT, Dillon RJ, Schanze KS, Reynolds JR, Papanikolas JM. Role of Macromolecular Structure in the Ultrafast Energy and Electron Transfer Dynamics of a Light-Harvesting Polymer. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:7937-48. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Morseth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Toan V. Pho
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer
Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Alexander T. Gilligan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Robert J. Dillon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kirk S. Schanze
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer
Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John M. Papanikolas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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15
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Schroot R, Schlotthauer T, Schubert US, Jäger M. Modular Assembly of Poly(naphthalene diimide) and Ru(II) Dyes for an Efficient Light-Induced Charge Separation in Hierarchically Controlled Polymer Architectures. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schroot
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular
Chemistry (IOMC) and ‡Center for Energy
and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tina Schlotthauer
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular
Chemistry (IOMC) and ‡Center for Energy
and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular
Chemistry (IOMC) and ‡Center for Energy
and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Jäger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular
Chemistry (IOMC) and ‡Center for Energy
and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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16
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Ramachandran V, Padmanaban E, Ponnusamy K, Naidu S, Natesan M. Pharmacophore based virtual screening for identification of marine bioactive compounds as inhibitors against macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip) protein of Chlamydia trachomatis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24999f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip) is the virulence factor fromChlamydia trachomatisthat is primarily responsible for causing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayan Ramachandran
- Department of Marine Science
- School of Marine Sciences
- Bharathidasan University
- Trichy-620024
- India
| | - Elavarasi Padmanaban
- Department of Marine Science
- School of Marine Sciences
- Bharathidasan University
- Trichy-620024
- India
| | - Kalaiarasan Ponnusamy
- National Centre for Applied Human Genetics
- School of Life Sciences
- Jawaharlal Nehru University
- New Delhi-110067
- India
| | - Subbarao Naidu
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences
- Jawaharlal Nehru University
- New Delhi-110067
- India
| | - Manoharan Natesan
- Department of Marine Science
- School of Marine Sciences
- Bharathidasan University
- Trichy-620024
- India
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17
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Hu Y, Wang Z, Lin K, Xu J, Duan X, Zhao F, Hou J, Jiang F. Electrosynthesis and electrochromic properties of free-standing copolymer based on oligo(oxyethylene) cross-linked 2,2’-bithiophene and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Hu
- Department of Physics; Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University; Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Physics; Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University; Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Kaiwen Lin
- Department of Physics; Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University; Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Jingkun Xu
- Department of Physics; Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University; Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Xuemin Duan
- Department of Physics; Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University; Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Physics; Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University; Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Jian Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Corrosion and Protection; Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute; Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Fengxing Jiang
- Department of Physics; Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University; Nanchang 330013 China
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18
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Artificial photosynthesis: Where are we now? Where can we go? JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Morseth ZA, Wang L, Puodziukynaite E, Leem G, Gilligan AT, Meyer TJ, Schanze KS, Reynolds JR, Papanikolas JM. Ultrafast dynamics in multifunctional Ru(II)-loaded polymers for solar energy conversion. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:818-27. [PMID: 25647081 DOI: 10.1021/ar500382u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of sunlight to make chemical fuels (i.e., solar fuels) is an attractive approach in the quest to develop sustainable energy sources. Using nature as a guide, assemblies for artificial photosynthesis will need to perform multiple functions. They will need to be able to harvest light across a broad region of the solar spectrum, transport excited-state energy to charge-separation sites, and then transport and store redox equivalents for use in the catalytic reactions that produce chemical fuels. This multifunctional behavior will require the assimilation of multiple components into a single macromolecular system. A wide variety of different architectures including porphyrin arrays, peptides, dendrimers, and polymers have been explored, with each design posing unique challenges. Polymer assemblies are attractive due to their relative ease of production and facile synthetic modification. However, their disordered nature gives rise to stochastic dynamics not present in more ordered assemblies. The rational design of assemblies requires a detailed understanding of the energy and electron transfer events that follow light absorption, which can occur on time scales ranging from femtoseconds to hundreds of microseconds, necessitating the use of sophisticated techniques. We have used a combination of time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopies with observation times that span 9 orders of magnitude to follow the excited-state evolution within polymer-based molecular assemblies. We complement experimental observations with molecular dynamics simulations to develop a microscopic view of these dynamics. This Account provides an overview of our work on polymers decorated with pendant Ru(II) chromophores, both in solution and on surfaces. We have examined site-to-site energy transport among the Ru(II) complexes, and in systems incorporating π-conjugated polymers, we have observed ultrafast formation of a long-lived charge-separated state. When attached to TiO2, these assemblies exhibit multifunctional behavior in which photon absorption is followed by energy transport to the surface and electron injection to produce an oxidized metal complex. The oxidizing equivalent is then transferred to the conjugated polymer, giving rise to a long-lived charge-separated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Morseth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Egle Puodziukynaite
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Gyu Leem
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Alexander T. Gilligan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kirk S. Schanze
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John M. Papanikolas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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20
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Sefer E, Hacioglu SO, Tonga M, Toppare L, Cirpan A, Koyuncu S. A Novel Near-IR Effective Pyrene-Based Donor-Acceptor Electrochrome. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Sefer
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences and Arts; Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University; 17020 Çanakkale Turkey
| | - Serife O. Hacioglu
- Department of Chemistry; Middle East Technical University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Murat Tonga
- Department of Chemistry; University of Massachusetts-Amherst; Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Levent Toppare
- Department of Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Technology; Center for Solar Energy Research and Application (GUNAM); Department of Biotechnology; Middle East Technical University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Ali Cirpan
- Department of Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Technology; Center for Solar Energy Research and Application (GUNAM); Department of Micro and Nanotechnology; Middle East Technical University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Sermet Koyuncu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University; 17020 Çanakkale Turkey
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21
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Watson Z, Keinan S, Kanai Y. Electronic and optical properties of polypyridylruthenium derivatized polystyrenes: multi-level computational analysis of metallo-polymeric chromophore assemblies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:1776-84. [PMID: 25463448 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04043k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Great effort is geared toward investigation of new materials for solar energy conversion in recent years. Polymeric chromophore assemblies consisting of [Ru(bpy)3](2+) complexes attached to a polystyrene backbone have gained considerable interest in recent years because of their structural flexibility combined with their ability to efficiently capture solar energy and transport the captured energy in the form of exciton or charges. We employ a combination of computational methods to examine how opto-electronic properties of [Ru(bpy)3](2+) complexes are influenced by the polymer dynamics in these polymeric chromophore assemblies. The covalent linker between the polymer and the light-absorbing Ru complex is thought to play an important role in optimizing the assemblies for solar energy conversion and transport. We find that the presence of -CH2- groups in the linker has a significant impact on the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) energies of the pendants. Generally speaking, a longer linker leads to higher HOMO energies. Without the presence of -CH2- groups, a mixture of cis and trans amide bond in the covalent linker leads to a bimodal distribution for both HOMO and LUMO energies. Importantly, we find that distributions of orbital energies from individual [Ru(bpy)3](2+) pendants have the maximum overlap when there is only one -CH2- group in the linker. Such an isotropic energy distribution is likely to be important for charge transport within the assemblies. We also find that in contrast to the isolated [Ru(bpy)3](2+) complex, the HOMO is generally found on the linker rather than on Ru atom. This does not change the character of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states, as these excitations in the pendants do not derive from HOMO/LUMO transitions but rather from HOMO - 2/LUMO transition since HOMO - 2 is located on the Ru atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Watson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Leem G, Keinan S, Jiang J, Chen Z, Pho T, Morseth ZA, Hu Z, Puodziukynaite E, Fang Z, Papanikolas JM, Reynolds JR, Schanze KS. Ru(bpy)32+ derivatized polystyrenes constructed by nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization. Relationship between polymer chain length, structure and photophysical properties. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01289a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of polystyrene-based light harvesting polymers featuring pendant polypyridyl ruthenium complexes has been synthesized.
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Satapathy R, Ramesh M, Padhy H, Chiang IH, Chu CW, Wei KH, Lin HC. Novel metallo-dendrimers containing various Ru core ligands and dendritic thiophene arms for photovoltaic applications. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00444b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A polymer solar cell device containing an active layer of BTRu2G3 : PC70BM = 1 : 3 (by wt), i.e., the third generation of the bis-Ru-based dendritic complex BTRu2G3 showed the highest PCE value of 0.77%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudrakanta Satapathy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu, ROC
| | - Mohan Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu, ROC
| | - Harihara Padhy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu, ROC
| | - I.-Hung Chiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu, ROC
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei, ROC
- Department of Photonics
- National Chiao Tung University
| | - Kung-Hwa Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu, ROC
| | - Hong-Cheu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu, ROC
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