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Shivalkar S, Roy A, Chaudhary S, Samanta SK, Chowdhary P, Sahoo AK. Strategies in design of self-propelling hybrid micro/nanobots for bioengineering applications. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:062003. [PMID: 37703889 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acf975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nanobots are integrated devices developed from engineered nanomaterials that have evolved significantly over the past decades. They can potentially be pre-programmed to operate robustly at numerous hard-to-reach organ/tissues/cellular sites for multiple bioengineering applications such as early disease diagnosis, precision surgeries, targeted drug delivery, cancer therapeutics, bio-imaging, biomolecules isolation, detoxification, bio-sensing, and clearing up clogged arteries with high soaring effectiveness and minimal exhaustion of power. Several techniques have been introduced in recent years to develop programmable, biocompatible, and energy-efficient micro/nanobots. Therefore, the primary focus of most of these techniques is to develop hybrid micro/nanobots that are an optimized combination of purely synthetic or biodegradable bots suitable for the execution of user-defined tasks more precisely and efficiently. Recent progress has been illustrated here as an overview of a few of the achievable construction principles to be used to make biomedical micro/nanobots and explores the pivotal ventures of nanotechnology-moderated development of catalytic autonomous bots. Furthermore, it is also foregrounding their advancement offering an insight into the recent trends and subsequent prospects, opportunities, and challenges involved in the accomplishments of the effective multifarious bioengineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shivalkar
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India
| | - Anwesha Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shrutika Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Sintu Kumar Samanta
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India
| | - Pallabi Chowdhary
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Amaresh Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India
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Shivalkar S, Chowdhary P, Afshan T, Chaudhary S, Roy A, Samanta SK, Sahoo AK. Nanoengineering of biohybrid micro/nanobots for programmed biomedical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113054. [PMID: 36446238 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Biohybrid micro/nanobots have emerged as an innovative resource to be employed in the biomedical field due to their biocompatible and biodegradable properties. These are tiny nanomaterial-based integrated structures engineered in a way that they can move autonomously and perform the programmed tasks efficiently even at hard-to-reach organ/tissues/cellular sites. The biohybrid micro/nanobots can either be cell/bacterial/enzyme-based or may mimic the properties of an active molecule. It holds the potential to change the landscape in various areas of biomedical including early diagnosis of disease, therapeutics, imaging, or precision surgery. The propulsion mechanism of the biohybrid micro/nanobots can be both fuel-based and fuel-free, but the most effective and easiest way to propel these micro/nanobots is via enzymes. Micro/nanobots possess the feature to adsorb/functionalize chemicals or drugs at their surfaces thus offering the scope of delivering drugs at the targeted locations. They also have shown immense potential in intracellular sensing of biomolecules and molecular events. Moreover, with recent progress in the material development and processing is required for enhanced activity and robustness the fabrication is done via various advanced techniques to avoid self-degradation and cause cellular toxicity during autonomous movement in biological medium. In this review, various approaches of design, architecture, and performance of such micro/nanobots have been illustrated along with their potential applications in controlled cargo release, therapeutics, intracellular sensing, and bioimaging. Furthermore, it is also foregrounding their advancement offering an insight into their future scopes, opportunities, and challenges involved in advanced biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shivalkar
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India.
| | - Pallabi Chowdhary
- Department of Biotechnology, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Tayyaba Afshan
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India
| | - Shrutika Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Anwesha Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sintu Kumar Samanta
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India
| | - Amaresh Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India.
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Prasad NK, Shome R, Biswas G, Ghosh SS, Dalal A. Discerning the self-healing, shear-thinning characteristics and therapeutic efficacy of hydrogel drug carriers migrating through constricted microchannel resembling blood microcapillary. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Narayanan S, Dutta D, Arora N, Sahoo L, Ghosh SS. Phytaspase-loaded, Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots when embedded into chitosan nanoparticles leads to improved chemotherapy of HeLa cells using in cisplatin. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 39:1591-1598. [PMID: 28730426 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the potential of recombinant phytaspase loaded manganese (Mn) doped zinc sulphide (ZnS) quantum dots embedded chitosan nanoparticles for augmenting cisplatin induced chemotherapy of HeLa cells. RESULTS The recombinant phytaspase was cloned into bacterial expression vector PGEX-4T-2. The expressed and purified recombinant plant phytaspase protein from Escherichia coli BL21 was immobilized onto the cationic nanocomposite. Confocal microscopy elucidated the delivery of these luminescent nanocomposites inside cervical cancer HeLa cells. A 50% reduction in the viability of HeLa cells was achieved only in the case of phytaspase-nanocomposites-cisplatin combination at a dose of phytaspase (42 nM), nanocomposites (56.3 μg/ml) and cisplatin (0.44 μg/ml). CONCLUSION Luminescent cationic nanocomposites were developed for intracellular delivery of recombinant phytaspase, which due to its caspase-like activity assisted in substantiating the chemotherapeutic activity of apoptosis inducing drug-cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Narayanan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Deepanjalee Dutta
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Neha Arora
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Lingaraj Sahoo
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Ghoshal A, Goswami U, Raza A, Chattopadhyay A, Ghosh SS. Recombinant sFRP4 bound chitosan–alginate composite nanoparticles embedded with silver nanoclusters for Wnt/β-catenin targeting in cancer theranostics. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16066b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting a specific pathway aberrantly upregulated in cancer cells has shown immense potential in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archita Ghoshal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati
- India
| | - Upashi Goswami
- Centre for Nanotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati-781039
- India
| | - Asif Raza
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati
- India
| | - Arun Chattopadhyay
- Centre for Nanotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati-781039
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati
- India
- Centre for Nanotechnology
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Ghoshal A, Goswami U, Sahoo AK, Chattopadhyay A, Ghosh SS. Targeting Wnt Canonical Signaling by Recombinant sFRP1 Bound Luminescent Au-Nanocluster Embedded Nanoparticles in Cancer Theranostics. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:1256-1266. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Archita Ghoshal
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, ‡Centre for Nanotechnology and §Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Upashi Goswami
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, ‡Centre for Nanotechnology and §Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Amaresh Kumar Sahoo
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, ‡Centre for Nanotechnology and §Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Arun Chattopadhyay
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, ‡Centre for Nanotechnology and §Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, ‡Centre for Nanotechnology and §Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
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Ghosh R, Goswami U, Ghosh SS, Paul A, Chattopadhyay A. Synergistic anticancer activity of fluorescent copper nanoclusters and cisplatin delivered through a hydrogel nanocarrier. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:209-222. [PMID: 25475566 DOI: 10.1021/am505799q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Highly fluorescent red copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) were synthesized in aqueous medium in the presence of dihydrolipoic acid and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). The Cu NCs, in solid form, were stable, retained their optical properties for a month, and could be redispersed for use when required. The NCs in aqueous medium exhibited pH-tunable reversible optical properties. The PVP stabilized NCs, when converted into hydrogel by cross-linking with poly(vinyl alcohol), delivered anticancer drug to cervical cancer (HeLa) cells, thereby inducing apoptotic cell death. The red emission properties of the Cu NCs in the hydrogel were used for optical imaging as well as for flow cytometric probe of cellular uptake. Cell viability assay, Caspase3 assay, and cell cycle analyses demonstrated that the Cu NCs present in the hydrogel composite exhibited synergy of action, along with the drug, cisplatin, against HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Centre for Nanotechnology, and §Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
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Biswas A, Banerjee A. Tailored Synthesis of Various Nanomaterials by Using a Graphene-Oxide-Based Gel as a Nanoreactor and Nanohybrid-Catalyzed CC Bond Formation. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:3451-6. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Banerjee S, Sahoo AK, Chattopadhyay A, Ghosh SS. Recombinant IκBα-loaded curcumin nanoparticles for improved cancer therapeutics. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:345102. [PMID: 25091588 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/34/345102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of recombinant protein therapeutics has been evolving rapidly, making significant impact on clinical applications for several diseases, including cancer. However, the functional aspects of proteins rely exclusively on their structural integrity, in which nanoparticle mediated delivery offers unique advantages over free proteins. In the present work, a novel strategy has been developed where the nanoparticles (NPs) used for the delivery of the recombinant protein could contribute to enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of the recombinant protein. The transcription factor, NFκB, involved in cell growth and its inhibitor, IκBα, regulates its proliferation. Another similar naturally available molecule, which inhibits the function of NFκB, is curcumin. Hence, we have developed a 'green synthesis' method for preparing water-soluble curcumin nanoparticles to stabilize recombinant IκBα protein. The NPs were characterized by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering before administration into human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) and glioblastoma (U87MG) cells. Experimental results demonstrated that this combined module had enhanced therapeutic efficacy, causing apoptotic cell death, which was confirmed by cytotoxicity assay and flowcytometry analyses. The expression of apoptotic genes studied by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR delineated the molecular pathways involved in cell death. Thus, our study revealed that the functional delivery of recombinant IκBα-loaded curcumin NPs has promise as a natural-product-based protein therapeutics against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhamoy Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
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Banerjee S, Sahoo AK, Chattopadhyay A, Ghosh SS. Chemosensitization of IκBα-overexpressing glioblastoma towards anti-cancer agents. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03994g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mode of action of 5-FU and curcumin nanoconjugates in U87-IκBα cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arun Chattopadhyay
- Centre for Nanotechnology
- IIT Guwahati
- Guwahati, India
- Department of Chemistry
- IIT Guwahati
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