1
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Javed A, Palafox Gonzalez P, Thangadurai V. A Critical Review of Electrolytes for Advanced Low- and High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37326582 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the 21st century, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) represent a promising source of power generation due to their high efficiency compared with coal combustion engines and eco-friendly design. Proton exchange membranes (PEMs), being the critical component of PEMFCs, determine their overall performance. Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) based Nafion and nonfluorinated-based polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes are commonly used for low- and high-temperature PEMFCs, respectively. However, these membranes have some drawbacks such as high cost, fuel crossover, and reduction in proton conductivity at high temperatures for commercialization. Here, we report the requirements of functional properties of PEMs for PEMFCs, the proton conduction mechanism, and the challenges which hinder their commercial adaptation. Recent research efforts have been focused on the modifications of PEMs by composite materials to overcome their drawbacks such as stability and proton conductivity. We discuss some current developments in membranes for PEMFCs with special emphasis on hybrid membranes based on Nafion, PBI, and other nonfluorinated proton conducting membranes prepared through the incorporation of different inorganic, organic, and hybrid fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroosa Javed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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2
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Madhuvilakku R, Yen YK, Yan WM, Huang GW. Laser-scribed Graphene Electrodes Functionalized with Nafion/Fe 3O 4 Nanohybrids for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Neurotoxin Drug Clioquinol. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15936-15950. [PMID: 35571850 PMCID: PMC9096983 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of pharmaceutical active ingredients plays an important role in quality control and clinical trials because they have a significant physiological effect on the human body even at low concentrations. Herein, a flexible three-electrode system using laser-scribed graphene (LSG) technology, which consists of Nafion/Fe3O4 nanohybrids immobilized on LSG as the working electrode and LSG counter and reference electrodes on a single polyimide film, is presented. A Nafion/Fe3O4/LSG electrode is constructed by drop coating a solution of Nafion/Fe3O4, which is electrostatically self-assembled between positively charged Fe3O4 and negatively charged Nafion on the LSG electrode and is used for the first time to determine a neurotoxicity drug (clioquinol; CQL) in biological samples. Owing to their porous 3D structure, an enriched surface area at the active edges and polar groups (OH, COOH, and -SO3H) in Nafion/Fe3O4/LSG electrodes resulted in excellent wettability to facilitate electrolyte diffusion, which gave ∼twofold enhancement in electrocatalytic activity over LSG electrodes. The experimental parameters affecting the analytical performance were investigated. The quantification of clioquinol on the Nafion/Fe3O4/LSG electrode surface was examined using differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. The fabricated sensor displays preferable sensitivity (17.4 μA μM-1 cm-2), a wide linear range (1 nM to 100 μM), a very low detection limit (0.73 nM), and acceptable selectivity toward quantitative analysis of CQL. Furthermore, the reliability of the sensor was checked by CQL detection in spiked human blood serum and urine samples, and satisfactory recoveries were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Madhuvilakku
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei
University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department
of Energy and Refrigeration Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Kuang Yen
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei
University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- . Phone: +886-2771-2171. Fax: +886-2731-7191
| | - Wei-Mon Yan
- Department
of Energy and Refrigeration Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Wei Huang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei
University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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3
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Ng WW, Thiam HS, Pang YL, Chong KC, Lai SO. A State-of-Art on the Development of Nafion-Based Membrane for Performance Improvement in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050506. [PMID: 35629832 PMCID: PMC9143503 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Nafion, a perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane (PEM), has been widely used in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) to serve as a proton carrier, methanol barrier, and separator for the anode and cathode. A significant drawback of Nafion in DMFC applications is the high anode-to-cathode methanol fuel permeability that results in over 40% fuel waste. Therefore, the development of a new membrane with lower permeability while retaining the high proton conductivity and other inherent properties of Nafion is greatly desired. In light of these considerations, this paper discusses the research findings on developing Nafion-based membranes for DMFC. Several aspects of the DMFC membrane are also presented, including functional requirements, transport mechanisms, and preparation strategies. More importantly, the effect of the various modification approaches on the performance of the Nafion membrane is highlighted. These include the incorporation of inorganic fillers, carbon nanomaterials, ionic liquids, polymers, or other techniques. The feasibility of these membranes for DMFC applications is discussed critically in terms of transport phenomena-related characteristics such as proton conductivity and methanol permeability. Moreover, the current challenges and future prospects of Nafion-based membranes for DMFC are presented. This paper will serve as a resource for the DMFC research community, with the goal of improving the cost-effectiveness and performance of DMFC membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wuen Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Sungai Long Campus, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Malaysia; (W.W.N.); (Y.L.P.); (K.C.C.); (S.O.L.)
| | - Hui San Thiam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Sungai Long Campus, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Malaysia; (W.W.N.); (Y.L.P.); (K.C.C.); (S.O.L.)
- Centre for Photonics and Advanced Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Yean Ling Pang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Sungai Long Campus, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Malaysia; (W.W.N.); (Y.L.P.); (K.C.C.); (S.O.L.)
- Centre for Photonics and Advanced Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Kok Chung Chong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Sungai Long Campus, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Malaysia; (W.W.N.); (Y.L.P.); (K.C.C.); (S.O.L.)
- Centre for Photonics and Advanced Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Soon Onn Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Sungai Long Campus, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Malaysia; (W.W.N.); (Y.L.P.); (K.C.C.); (S.O.L.)
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4
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Foglia F, Lyonnard S, Sakai VG, Berrod Q, Zanotti JM, Gebel G, Clancy AJ, McMillan PF. Progress in neutron techniques: towards improved polymer electrolyte membranes for energy devices. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:264005. [PMID: 33906172 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abfc10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Design and implementation of advanced membrane formulations for selective transport of ions and molecular species are critical for creating the next generations of fuel cells and separation devices. It is necessary to understand the detailed transport mechanisms over time- and length-scales relevant to the device operation, both in laboratory models and in working systems under realistic operational conditions. Neutron scattering techniques including quasi-elastic neutron scattering, reflectivity and imaging are implemented at beamline stations at reactor and spallation source facilities worldwide. With the advent of new and improved instrument design, detector methodology, source characteristics and data analysis protocols, these neutron scattering techniques are emerging as a primary tool for research to design, evaluate and implement advanced membrane technologies for fuel cell and separation devices. Here we describe these techniques and their development and implementation at the ILL reactor source (Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France) and ISIS Neutron and Muon Spallation source (Harwell Science and Technology Campus, UK) as examples. We also mention similar developments under way at other facilities worldwide, and describe approaches such as combining optical with neutron Raman scattering and x-ray absorption with neutron imaging and tomography, and carrying out such experiments in specialised fuel cells designed to mimic as closely possible actualoperandoconditions. These experiments and research projects will play a key role in enabling and testing new membrane formulations for efficient and sustainable energy production/conversion and separations technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Foglia
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratory, University College London, 20 Gordon St., London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sandrine Lyonnard
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG-SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Victoria García Sakai
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Quentin Berrod
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG-SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Marc Zanotti
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (CEA-CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Gérard Gebel
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA LITEN, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Adam J Clancy
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratory, University College London, 20 Gordon St., London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul F McMillan
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratory, University College London, 20 Gordon St., London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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5
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Vinothkannan M, Kim AR, Yoo DJ. Potential carbon nanomaterials as additives for state-of-the-art Nafion electrolyte in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells: a concise review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18351-18370. [PMID: 35480954 PMCID: PMC9033471 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00685a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have received great attention as a potential alternative energy device for internal combustion engines due to their high conversion efficiency compared to other fuel cells. The main hindrance for the wide commercial adoption of PEMFCs is the high cost, low proton conductivity, and high fuel permeability of the state-of-the-art Nafion membrane. Typically, to improve the Nafion membrane, a wide range of strategies have been developed, in which efforts on the incorporation of carbon nanomaterial (CN)-based fillers are highly imperative. Even though many research endeavors have been achieved in relation to CN-based fillers applicable for Nafion, still their collective summary has rarely been reported. This review aims to outline the mechanisms involved in proton conduction in proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) and the significant requirements of PEMs for PEMFCs. This review also emphasizes the improvements achieved in the proton conductivity, fuel barrier properties, and PEMFC performance of Nafion membranes by incorporating carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and fullerene as additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanraj Vinothkannan
- R&D Education Center for Whole Life Cycle R&D of Fuel Cell Systems, Jeonbuk National University Jeonju Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Rhan Kim
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Jeonju Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Yoo
- R&D Education Center for Whole Life Cycle R&D of Fuel Cell Systems, Jeonbuk National University Jeonju Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Jeonju Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
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6
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Rambabu G, D Bhat S, Figueiredo FML. Carbon Nanocomposite Membrane Electrolytes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells-A Concise Review. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9091292. [PMID: 31510023 PMCID: PMC6781041 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A membrane electrolyte that restricts the methanol cross-over while retaining proton conductivity is essential for better electrochemical selectivity in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Extensive research carried out to explore numerous blends and composites for application as polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) revealed promising electrochemical selectivity in DMFCs of carbon nanomaterial-based polymer composites. The present review covers important literature on different carbon nanomaterial-based PEMs reported during the last decade. The review emphasises the proton conductivity and methanol permeability of nanocomposite membranes with carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide and fullerene as additives, assessing critically the impact of each type of filler on those properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gutru Rambabu
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Santoshkumar D Bhat
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute-Madras Unit, CSIR Madras Complex, Chennai 600 113, India.
| | - Filipe M L Figueiredo
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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7
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Oh K, Kwon O, Son B, Lee DH, Shanmugam S. Nafion-sulfonated silica composite membrane for proton exchange membrane fuel cells under operating low humidity condition. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Magnetic field alignment of stable proton-conducting channels in an electrolyte membrane. Nat Commun 2019; 10:842. [PMID: 30783091 PMCID: PMC6381100 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton exchange membranes with short-pathway through-plane orientated proton conductivity are highly desirable for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Magnetic field is utilized to create oriented structure in proton exchange membranes. Previously, this has only been carried out by proton nonconductive metal oxide-based fillers. Here, under a strong magnetic field, a proton-conducting paramagnetic complex based on ferrocyanide-coordinated polymer and phosphotungstic acid is used to prepare composite membranes with highly conductive through-plane-aligned proton channels. Gratifyingly, this strategy simultaneously overcomes the high water-solubility of phosphotungstic acid in composite membranes, thereby preventing its leaching and the subsequent loss of membrane conductivity. The ferrocyanide groups in the coordinated polymer, via redox cycle, can continuously consume free radicals, thus helping to improve the long-term in situ membrane durability. The composite membranes exhibit outstanding proton conductivity, fuel cell performance and durability, compared with other types of hydrocarbon membranes and industry standard Nafion® 212. Proton exchange membranes with short-pathway through-plane proton conductivity are attractive for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Here the authors align proton conducting channels orthogonal to the plane of composite proton exchange membranes using a magnetic field for improved fuel cell performance.
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9
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Parthiban V, Panda SK, Sahu AK. Highly fluorescent carbon quantum dots-Nafion as proton selective hybrid membrane for direct methanol fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Kaźmierczak J, Hreczycho G. Nafion as effective and selective heterogeneous catalytic system in O-metalation of silanols and POSS silanols. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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12
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Abstract
In this comprehensive review, recent progress and developments on perfluorinated sulfonic-acid (PFSA) membranes have been summarized on many key topics. Although quite well investigated for decades, PFSA ionomers' complex behavior, along with their key role in many emerging technologies, have presented significant scientific challenges but also helped create a unique cross-disciplinary research field to overcome such challenges. Research and progress on PFSAs, especially when considered with their applications, are at the forefront of bridging electrochemistry and polymer (physics), which have also opened up development of state-of-the-art in situ characterization techniques as well as multiphysics computation models. Topics reviewed stem from correlating the various physical (e.g., mechanical) and transport properties with morphology and structure across time and length scales. In addition, topics of recent interest such as structure/transport correlations and modeling, composite PFSA membranes, degradation phenomena, and PFSA thin films are presented. Throughout, the impact of PFSA chemistry and side-chain is also discussed to present a broader perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kusoglu
- Energy Conversion Group, Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, MS70-108B, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adam Z Weber
- Energy Conversion Group, Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, MS70-108B, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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13
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Yin C, Wang L, Li J, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Fang P, He C. Positron annihilation characteristics, water uptake and proton conductivity of composite Nafion membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:15953-15961. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03052e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The connection between microstructure evolution, in terms of o-Ps lifetime, and proton conductivity in Nafion membranes with different water uptakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongshan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid State Physics Hubei Province
- School of Physics and Technology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Lingtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid State Physics Hubei Province
- School of Physics and Technology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid State Physics Hubei Province
- School of Physics and Technology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Yawei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid State Physics Hubei Province
- School of Physics and Technology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Haining Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- China
| | - Pengfei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid State Physics Hubei Province
- School of Physics and Technology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Chunqing He
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid State Physics Hubei Province
- School of Physics and Technology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
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14
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Peng KJ, Lai JY, Liu YL. Preparation of poly(styrenesulfonic acid) grafted Nafion with a Nafion-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization for proton exchange membranes. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06984g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nafion-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization to prepare graft copolymers of Nafion for proton exchange membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Jen Peng
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- 30013 Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Juin-Yih Lai
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Chung Yuan University
- Chungli
- Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ling Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- 30013 Hsinchu
- Taiwan
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15
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Nanohybrids of graphene oxide chemically-bonded with Nafion: Preparation and application for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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17
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Liu YL. Effective approaches for the preparation of organo-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes and the corresponding MWCNT/polymer nanocomposites. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2015.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Zhang Y, Zhao H. Optimized preparation conditions of TiO 2 deposited on SiO 2 solid superacid nanotubes as filler materials. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17110a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TSANs were employed as novel filler materials to prepare TSANs/PSF composite membranes with MRLs, improving the integrated properties of the membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Honglu Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
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19
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Gao B, Jiang Z, Zhao C, Gomaa H, Pan F. Enhanced pervaporative performance of hybrid membranes containing Fe3O4@CNT nanofillers. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Suleiman A, Menéndez CL, Polanco R, Fachini ER, Hernández-Lebrón Y, Guinel MJF, Roque-Malherbe R, Cabrera CR. Rotating disk slurry electrodeposition of platinum at Y-zeolite/carbon Vulcan XC-72R for methanol oxidation in alkaline media. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05877a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum was electrodeposited onto Y-zeolite and Y-zeolite (Y)/Vulcan XC-72R (V) to produce Pt/Y/V and Pt/Y catalysts using a rotating disk slurry electrode technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Suleiman
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Building
- University of Puerto Rico
- San Juan
| | - Christian L. Menéndez
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Building
- University of Puerto Rico
- San Juan
| | - Ramón Polanco
- Institute for Physical Chemical Applied Research
- School of Science
- University of Turabo
- Gurabo
| | - Esteban Rosim Fachini
- Department of Physical Sciences
- General Studies College
- University of Puerto Rico
- Río Piedras Campus
- San Juan
| | - Yaritza Hernández-Lebrón
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Building
- University of Puerto Rico
- San Juan
| | - Maxime J.-F. Guinel
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Building
- University of Puerto Rico
- San Juan
- Department of Physics
- University of Puerto Rico
| | - Rolando Roque-Malherbe
- Institute for Physical Chemical Applied Research
- School of Science
- University of Turabo
- Gurabo
| | - Carlos R. Cabrera
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Building
- University of Puerto Rico
- San Juan
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21
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Yang H, Wu H, Shen X, Cao Y, Li Z, Jiang Z. Enhanced proton conductivity of proton exchange membrane at low humidity based on poly(methacrylic acid)-loaded imidazole microcapsules. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13616k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(methacrylic acid)-loaded imidazole microcapsules with high water retention property and significantly enhanced membrane proton conductivity at low humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin
- China
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
| | - Hong Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin
- China
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
| | - Xiaohui Shen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Ying Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin
- China
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
| | - Zhen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin
- China
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin
- China
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
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22
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Yang Y, Gao H, Zheng L. Anhydrous proton exchange membranes at elevated temperatures: effect of protic ionic liquids and crosslinker on proton conductivity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16106h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anhydrous proton exchange membranes based on PVA and ILs can be applied at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Ministry of Education
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Hejun Gao
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- China West Normal University
- Nanchong 637000
- China
| | - Liqiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Ministry of Education
- Jinan 250100
- China
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23
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He G, Zhao J, Hu S, Li L, Li Z, Li Y, Li Z, Wu H, Yang X, Jiang Z. Functionalized carbon nanotube via distillation precipitation polymerization and its application in nafion-based composite membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:15291-15301. [PMID: 25109828 DOI: 10.1021/am503760u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to develop a novel approach to in situ functionalizing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and exploring their application in Nafion-based composite membranes for efficient proton conduction. Covalent grafting of acrylate-modified MWCNTs with poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), poly(vinylphosphonic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), and sulfonated poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) was achieved via surface-initiated distillation precipitation polymerization. The formation of core-shell structure was verified by TEM images, and polymer layers with thickness around 30 nm were uniformly covered on the MWCNTs. The graft yield reached up to 93.3 wt % after 80 min of polymerization. The functionalized CNTs (FCNTs) were incorporated into the Nafion matrix to prepare composite membranes. The influence of various functional groups (-COOH, -PO3H2, and -SO3H) in FCNTs on proton transport of the composite membranes was studied. The incorporation of FCNTs afforded the composite membranes significantly enhanced proton conductivities under reduced relative humidity. The composite membrane containing 5 wt % phosphorylated MWCNTs (PCNTs) showed the highest proton conductivity, which was attributed to the construction of lower-energy-barrier proton transport pathways by PCNTs, and excellent water-retention and proton-conduction properties of the cross-linked polymer in PCNTs. Moreover, the composite membranes exhibited an enhanced mechanical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei He
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
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24
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Li HY, Lee YY, Lai JY, Liu YL. Composite membranes of Nafion and poly(styrene sulfonic acid)-grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride) electrospun nanofiber mats for fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Lo CF, Wu JF, Li HY, Hung WS, Shih CM, Hu CC, Liu YL, Lue SJ. Novel polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites containing carbon nano-tubes with Fe3O4 pendants for alkaline fuel cell applications. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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