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Leong MY, Kong YL, Harun MY, Looi CY, Wong WF. Current advances of nanocellulose application in biomedical field. Carbohydr Res 2023; 532:108899. [PMID: 37478689 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose (NC) is a natural fiber that can be extracted in fibrils or crystals form from different natural sources, including plants, bacteria, and algae. In recent years, nanocellulose has emerged as a sustainable biomaterial for various medicinal applications including drug delivery systems, wound healing, tissue engineering, and antimicrobial treatment due to its biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, and exceptional water holding capacity for cell immobilization. Many antimicrobial products can be produced due to the chemical functionality of nanocellulose, such disposable antibacterial smart masks for healthcare use. This article discusses comprehensively three types of nanocellulose: cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) in view of their structural and functional properties, extraction methods, and the distinctive biomedical applications based on the recently published work. On top of that, the biosafety profile and the future perspectives of nanocellulose-based biomaterials have been further discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Leong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Y L Kong
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, American Degree Program, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - M Y Harun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - C Y Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - W F Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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2
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Deng Y, Xi J, Meng L, Lou Y, Seidi F, Wu W, Xiao H. Stimuli-Responsive Nanocellulose Hydrogels: An Overview. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Cellulose bionanocomposites for sustainable planet and people: A global snapshot of preparation, properties, and applications. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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4
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Salidkul N, Mongkolthanaruk W, Faungnawakij K, Pinitsoontorn S. Hard magnetic membrane based on bacterial cellulose - Barium ferrite nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 264:118016. [PMID: 33910739 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic membranes based on bacterial cellulose (BC) nanocomposites have been extensively researched. However, most magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) incorporated in the BC matrix were focused on soft magnetic phases, which limited the extensive use of magnetic BC membranes. Therefore, this work proposes a method to fabricate hard magnetic membrane based on the BC matrix and magnetically hard phase barium ferrite (BFO) NPs. The nanocomposites showed the peaked tensile strength and modulus at the low concentration of BFO whereas the magnetization increased drastically with the BFO content. They also demonstrate the high flexibility up on bending and the sensitivity to external magnetic fields. Furthermore, unlike other magnetic BC membranes, the BC/BFO nanocomposites exhibited the hard magnetic properties, i.e. they could retain their magnetic attraction after being magnetized by a permanent magnet. These properties open the possibility to employ these materials in various fields, such as information storage, anti-couterfeit or electromagnetic shieldings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuchjaree Salidkul
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Program, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Wiyada Mongkolthanaruk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Kajornsak Faungnawakij
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Supree Pinitsoontorn
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Program, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Institute of Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy (IN-RIE), NANOTEC-KKU RNN on Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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5
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Nasrollahzadeh M, Sajjadi M, Iravani S, Varma RS. Starch, cellulose, pectin, gum, alginate, chitin and chitosan derived (nano)materials for sustainable water treatment: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:116986. [PMID: 33142558 PMCID: PMC8648070 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural biopolymers, polymeric organic molecules produced by living organisms and/or renewable resources, are considered greener, sustainable, and eco-friendly materials. Natural polysaccharides comprising cellulose, chitin/chitosan, starch, gum, alginate, and pectin are sustainable materials owing to their outstanding structural features, abundant availability, and nontoxicity, ease of modification, biocompatibility, and promissing potentials. Plentiful polysaccharides have been utilized for making assorted (nano)catalysts in recent years; fabrication of polysaccharides-supported metal/metal oxide (nano)materials is one of the effective strategies in nanotechnology. Water is one of the world's foremost environmental stress concerns. Nanomaterial-adorned polysaccharides-based entities have functioned as novel and more efficient (nano)catalysts or sorbents in eliminating an array of aqueous pollutants and contaminants, including ionic metals and organic/inorganic pollutants from wastewater. This review encompasses recent advancements, trends and challenges for natural biopolymers assembled from renewable resources for exploitation in the production of starch, cellulose, pectin, gum, alginate, chitin and chitosan-derived (nano)materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohaddeseh Sajjadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, 37185-359, Iran
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Chemical Methods and Treatment Branch, Water Infrastructure Division, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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6
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Sun X, Agate S, Salem KS, Lucia L, Pal L. Hydrogel-Based Sensor Networks: Compositions, Properties, and Applications—A Review. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 4:140-162. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Sun
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Sachin Agate
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Khandoker Samaher Salem
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Lucian Lucia
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Lokendra Pal
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Sriplai N, Pinitsoontorn S. Bacterial cellulose-based magnetic nanocomposites: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 254:117228. [PMID: 33357842 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer that has unique and interesting structural, physical and chemical properties. These characteristics make it very attractive as a starting point for several novel developments in innovative research. However, the pristine BC lacks certain properties, in particular, magnetic property, which can be imparted to BC by incorporation of several types of magnetic nanoparticles. Magnetic nanocomposites based on BC exhibit additional magnetic functionality on top of the excellent properties of pristine BC, which make them promising materials with potential uses in various medical and environmental applications, as well as in advanced electronic devices. This review has compiled information about all classes of BC magnetic nanocomposites fabricated by various synthesis approaches and an overview of applications as well as improved features of these materials. A summary of the key developments of BC magnetic nanocomposites and emphasis on novel advances in this field is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipaporn Sriplai
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Program, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Supree Pinitsoontorn
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Program, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Institute of Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy (IN-RIE), NANOTEC-KKU RNN on Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Jiang Y, Wang Y, Li Q, Yu C, Chu W. Natural Polymer-based Stimuli-responsive Hydrogels. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2631-2657. [PMID: 31755377 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191122144916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The abilities of intelligent polymer hydrogels to change their structure and volume phase in response to external stimuli have provided new possibilities for various advanced technologies and great research and application potentials in the medical field. The natural polymer-based hydrogels have the advantages of environment-friendliness, rich sources and good biocompatibility. Based on their responsiveness to external stimuli, the natural polymer-based hydrogels can be classified into the temperature-responsive hydrogel, pH-responsive hydrogel, light-responsive hydrogel, electricresponsive hydrogel, redox-responsive hydrogel, enzyme-responsive hydrogel, magnetic-responsive hydrogel, multi-responsive hydrogel, etc. In this review, we have compiled some recent studies on natural polymer-based stimuli-responsive hydrogels, especially the hydrogels prepared from polysaccharides. The preparation methods, properties and applications of these hydrogels in the medical field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China.,Center for Nanochemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wanli Chu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhu ZS, Qu J, Hao SM, Han S, Jia KL, Yu ZZ. α-Fe 2O 3 Nanodisk/Bacterial Cellulose Hybrid Membranes as High-Performance Sulfate-Radical-Based Visible Light Photocatalysts under Stirring/Flowing States. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:30670-30679. [PMID: 30118202 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High activity and long-term stability are particularly important for peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based degradation processes in wastewater treatment, especially under a flowing state. However, if the highly active nanomaterials are in a powder form, they could disperse well in water but would not be convenient for application under varied flow rates. A metal oxide/bacterial cellulose hybrid membrane fixed in a flowing bed is expected to solve these problems. Herein, α-Fe2O3 nanodisk/bacterial cellulose hybrid membranes as high-performance sulfate-radical-based visible light photocatalysts are synthesized for the first time. The bacterial cellulose with excellent mechanical stability and film-forming feature not only benefits the formation of a stable membrane to avoid the separation and recycling problems but also helps disperse and accommodate α-Fe2O3 nanodisks and thus enhances the visible light absorption performances, leading to an excellent PMS-based visible light degradation efficiency under both stirring and flowing states. Particularly, the optimized hybrid membrane photocatalyzes both cationic and anionic organic dyes under a flowing bed state for at least 84 h with the catalytic efficiency up to 100% and can be easily separated after the reaction, confirming its remarkable catalytic performance and long-term stability. Even under varied flow rates during the continuous process, it efficiently degrades rhodamine B and orange II from 3 to 16 mL h-1. When the flow rate goes back from high to low, the hybrid membrane quickly recovers its original performance, demonstrating the high activity and stability of the α-Fe2O3/bacterial cellulose membrane.
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Sriplai N, Mongkolthanaruk W, Eichhorn SJ, Pinitsoontorn S. Magnetically responsive and flexible bacterial cellulose membranes. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 192:251-262. [PMID: 29691019 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnetically responsive and flexible bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes were successfully fabricated using a simple diffusion of a ferrofluid solution. BC hydrogels were either water-substituted by alcohol (BC-N) or freeze dried (BC-F) prior to their immersion in the ferrofluid. The presence of both crystalline BC and Fe3O4 phases, and the homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles (NPs) in BC nanofibrils were observed. Higher concentrations of Fe3O4 NPs were found in the BC-N samples than for the BC-F samples. Higher magnetization in the BC-N samples was observed compared to the BC-F samples. Mechanical properties tests showed the higher strength and Young's modulus for the BC-F samples was possibly due to their more compacted nanostructure compared to BC-N. Using this simple process, the magnetic BC membranes show elastic properties upon deformation, returning to their original shape without damage. Also, they were highly sensitive to external magnetic forces giving them potential for many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipaporn Sriplai
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Program, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Wiyada Mongkolthanaruk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Stephen J Eichhorn
- Bristol Composites Institute (ACCIS), University of Bristol, Queen's Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Supree Pinitsoontorn
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Program, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Integrated Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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11
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Li H, Men D, Sun Y, Zhang T, Hang L, Liu D, Li C, Cai W, Li Y. Optical sensing properties of Au nanoparticle/hydrogel composite microbeads using droplet microfluidics. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:405502. [PMID: 28770810 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa83c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Uniform Au nanoparticle (NP)/poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) [P(AAm-co-AA)] hydrogel microbeads were successfully prepared using droplet microfluidics technology. The microbeads exhibited a good stimuli-responsive behavior to pH value. Particularly in the pH value ranging from pH 2-pH 9, the composite microbead sizes gradually increased along with the increase of pH value. The homogeneous Au NPs, which were encapsulated in the P(AAm-co-AA) hydrogel microbeads, could transform the volume changes of hydrogel into optical signals by a tested single microbead with a microspectrometre system. The glucose was translated into gluconic acid by glucose oxidase. Thus, the Au NP/P(AAm-co-AA) hydrogel microbeads were used for detecting glucose based on pH effects on the composite microbeads. For this, the single Au NP/P(AAm-co-AA) hydrogel microbead could act as a good pH- or glucose-visualizing sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China. University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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12
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Zhao F, Yao D, Guo R, Deng L, Dong A, Zhang J. Composites of Polymer Hydrogels and Nanoparticulate Systems for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 5:2054-2130. [PMID: 28347111 PMCID: PMC5304774 DOI: 10.3390/nano5042054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Due to their unique structures and properties, three-dimensional hydrogels and nanostructured particles have been widely studied and shown a very high potential for medical, therapeutic and diagnostic applications. However, hydrogels and nanoparticulate systems have respective disadvantages that limit their widespread applications. Recently, the incorporation of nanostructured fillers into hydrogels has been developed as an innovative means for the creation of novel materials with diverse functionality in order to meet new challenges. In this review, the fundamentals of hydrogels and nanoparticles (NPs) were briefly discussed, and then we comprehensively summarized recent advances in the design, synthesis, functionalization and application of nanocomposite hydrogels with enhanced mechanical, biological and physicochemical properties. Moreover, the current challenges and future opportunities for the use of these promising materials in the biomedical sector, especially the nanocomposite hydrogels produced from hydrogels and polymeric NPs, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Dan Yao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ruiwei Guo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Liandong Deng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Anjie Dong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Ul-Islam M, Khan S, Ullah MW, Park JK. Bacterial cellulose composites: Synthetic strategies and multiple applications in bio-medical and electro-conductive fields. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:1847-61. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Thoniyot P, Tan MJ, Karim AA, Young DJ, Loh XJ. Nanoparticle-Hydrogel Composites: Concept, Design, and Applications of These Promising, Multi-Functional Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2015; 2:1400010. [PMID: 27980900 PMCID: PMC5115280 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
New technologies rely on the development of new materials, and these may simply be the innovative combination of known components. The structural combination of a polymer hydrogel network with a nanoparticle (metals, non-metals, metal oxides, and polymeric moieties) holds the promise of providing superior functionality to the composite material with applications in diverse fields, including catalysis, electronics, bio-sensing, drug delivery, nano-medicine, and environmental remediation. This mixing may result in a synergistic property enhancement of each component: for example, the mechanical strength of the hydrogel and concomitantly decrease aggregation of the nanoparticles. These mutual benefits and the associated potential applications have seen a surge of interest in the past decade from multi-disciplinary research groups. Recent advances in nanoparticle-hydrogel composites are herein reviewed with a focus on their synthesis, design, potential applications, and the inherent challenges accompanying these exciting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Thoniyot
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering 3 Research Link Singapore 117602 Singapore
| | - Mein Jin Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering 3 Research Link Singapore 117602 Singapore
| | - Anis Abdul Karim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering 3 Research Link Singapore 117602 Singapore
| | - David James Young
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering 3 Research Link Singapore 117602 Singapore; School of Science Monash University Malaysia Bandar Sunway 47500 Malaysia
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering 3 Research Link Singapore 117602 Singapore; Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117576 Singapore
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Shen X, Song Y, Li S, Li R, Ji S, Li Q, Duan H, Xu R, Yang W, Zhao K, Rong R, Wang X. Spatiotemporal-resolved nanoparticle synthesis via simple programmed microfluidic processes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04168b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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16
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Xiao X, Lu S, Qi B, Zeng C, Yuan Z, Yu J. Enhancing the thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy resins by addition of a hyperbranched aromatic polyamide grown on microcrystalline cellulose fibers. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45732j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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