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Leatham TA, Paganin DM, Morgan KS. X-ray phase and dark-field computed tomography without optical elements. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:4588-4602. [PMID: 38297656 DOI: 10.1364/oe.509604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
X-ray diffusive dark-field imaging, which allows spatially unresolved microstructure to be mapped across a sample, is an increasingly popular tool in an array of settings. Here, we present a new algorithm for phase and dark-field computed tomography based on the x-ray Fokker-Planck equation. Needing only a coherent x-ray source, sample, and detector, our propagation-based algorithm can map the sample density and dark-field/diffusion properties of the sample in 3D. Importantly, incorporating dark-field information in the density reconstruction process enables a higher spatial resolution reconstruction than possible with previous propagation-based approaches. Two sample exposures at each projection angle are sufficient for the successful reconstruction of both the sample density and dark-field Fokker-Planck diffusion coefficients. We anticipate that the proposed algorithm may be of benefit in biomedical imaging and industrial settings.
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Katsamenis OL, Basford PJ, Robinson SK, Boardman RP, Konstantinopoulou E, Lackie PM, Page A, Ratnayaka JA, Goggin PM, Thomas GJ, Cox SJ, Sinclair I, Schneider P. A high-throughput 3D X-ray histology facility for biomedical research and preclinical applications. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:366. [PMID: 37928208 PMCID: PMC10620852 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19666.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The University of Southampton, in collaboration with the University Hospital Southampton (UHS) NHS Foundation Trust and industrial partners, has been at the forefront of developing three-dimensional (3D) imaging workflows using X-ray microfocus computed tomography (μCT) -based technology. This article presents the outcomes of these endeavours and highlights the distinctive characteristics of a μCT facility tailored explicitly for 3D X-ray Histology, with a primary focus on applications in biomedical research and preclinical and clinical studies. Methods The UHS houses a unique 3D X-ray Histology (XRH) facility, offering a range of services to national and international clients. The facility employs specialised μCT equipment explicitly designed for histology applications, allowing whole-block XRH imaging of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. It also enables correlative imaging by combining μCT imaging with other microscopy techniques, such as immunohistochemistry (IHC) and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, as well as data visualisation, image quantification, and bespoke analysis. Results Over the past seven years, the XRH facility has successfully completed over 120 projects in collaboration with researchers from 60 affiliations, resulting in numerous published manuscripts and conference proceedings. The facility has streamlined the μCT imaging process, improving productivity and enabling efficient acquisition of 3D datasets. Discussion & Conclusions The 3D X-ray Histology (XRH) facility at UHS is a pioneering platform in the field of histology and biomedical imaging. To the best of our knowledge, it stands out as the world's first dedicated XRH facility, encompassing every aspect of the imaging process, from user support to data generation, analysis, training, archiving, and metadata generation. This article serves as a comprehensive guide for establishing similar XRH facilities, covering key aspects of facility setup and operation. Researchers and institutions interested in developing state-of-the-art histology and imaging facilities can utilise this resource to explore new frontiers in their research and discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis L. Katsamenis
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Philip J. Basford
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Computational Engineering and Design, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences,, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Stephanie K. Robinson
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Richard P. Boardman
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Elena Konstantinopoulou
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Peter M. Lackie
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO16 6YD, UK
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Anton Page
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - J. Arjuna Ratnayaka
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO16 6YD, UK
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO16 6YD, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Patricia M. Goggin
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO16 6YD, UK
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO16 6YD, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Gareth J. Thomas
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Simon J. Cox
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Computational Engineering and Design, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences,, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ian Sinclair
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Philipp Schneider
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
- High-Performance Vision Systems, Center for Vision, Automation & Control, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
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Birnbacher L, Braig EM, Pfeiffer D, Pfeiffer F, Herzen J. Quantitative X-ray phase contrast computed tomography with grating interferometry : Biomedical applications of quantitative X-ray grating-based phase contrast computed tomography. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:4171-4188. [PMID: 33846846 PMCID: PMC8566444 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ability of biomedical imaging data to be of quantitative nature is getting increasingly important with the ongoing developments in data science. In contrast to conventional attenuation-based X-ray imaging, grating-based phase contrast computed tomography (GBPC-CT) is a phase contrast micro-CT imaging technique that can provide high soft tissue contrast at high spatial resolution. While there is a variety of different phase contrast imaging techniques, GBPC-CT can be applied with laboratory X-ray sources and enables quantitative determination of electron density and effective atomic number. In this review article, we present quantitative GBPC-CT with the focus on biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Birnbacher
- Physics Department, Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Braig
- Physics Department, Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Pfeiffer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Physics Department, Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Herzen
- Physics Department, Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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4
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Doost A, Rangel A, Nguyen Q, Morahan G, Arnolda L. Micro-CT scan with virtual dissection of left ventricle is a non-destructive, reproducible alternative to dissection and weighing for left ventricular size. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13853. [PMID: 32807896 PMCID: PMC7431593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-CT scan images enhanced by iodine staining provide high-resolution visualisation of soft tissues in laboratory mice. We have compared Micro-CT scan-derived left ventricular (LV) mass with dissection and weighing. Ex-vivo micro-CT scan images of the mouse hearts were obtained following staining by iodine. The LV was segmented and its volume was assessed using a semi-automated method by Drishti software. The left ventricle was then dissected in the laboratory and its actual weight was measured and compared against the estimated results. LV mass was calculated multiplying its estimated volume and myocardial specific gravity. Thirty-five iodine-stained post-natal mouse hearts were studied. Mice were of either sex and 68 to 352 days old (median age 202 days with interquartile range 103 to 245 days) at the time of sacrifice. Samples were from 20 genetically diverse strains. Median mouse body weight was 29 g with interquartile range 24 to 34 g. Left Ventricular weights ranged from 40.0 to 116.7 mg. The segmented LV mass estimated from micro-CT scan and directly measured dissected LV mass were strongly correlated (R2 = 0. 97). Segmented LV mass derived from Micro-CT images was very similar to the physically dissected LV mass (mean difference = 0.09 mg; 95% confidence interval − 3.29 mg to 3.1 mg). Micro-CT scanning provides a non-destructive, efficient and accurate visualisation tool for anatomical analysis of animal heart models of human cardiovascular conditions. Iodine-stained soft tissue imaging empowers researchers to perform qualitative and quantitative assessment of the cardiac structures with preservation of the samples for future histological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Doost
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Alejandra Rangel
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Building 32, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Quang Nguyen
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Grant Morahan
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Leonard Arnolda
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, Australia. .,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Building 32, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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Hellerhoff K, Birnbacher L, Sztrókay-Gaul A, Grandl S, Auweter S, Willner M, Marschner M, Mayr D, Reiser MF, Pfeiffer F, Herzen J. Assessment of intraductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) using grating-based X-ray phase-contrast CT at conventional X-ray sources: An experimental ex-vivo study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210291. [PMID: 30625220 PMCID: PMC6326478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent of intraductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is commonly underestimated due to the discontinuous growth and lack of microcalcifications. Specimen radiography has been established to reduce the rate of re-excision. However, the predictive value for margin assessment with conventional specimen radiography for DCIS is low. In this study we assessed the potential of grating-based phase-contrast computed tomography (GBPC-CT) at conventional X-ray sources for specimen tomography of DCIS containing samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS GBPC-CT was performed on four ex-vivo breast specimens containing DCIS and invasive carcinoma of non-specific type. Phase-contrast and absorption-based datasets were manually matched with corresponding histological slices as the standard of reference. RESULTS Matching of CT images and histology was successful. GBPC-CT showed an improved soft tissue contrast compared to absorption-based images revealing more histological details in the same sections. Non-calcifying DCIS exceeding the invasive tumor could be correlated to areas of dilated bright ducts around the tumor. CONCLUSIONS GBPC-CT imaging at conventional X-ray sources offers improved depiction quality for the imaging of breast tissue samples compared to absorption-based imaging, allows the identification of diagnostically relevant tissue details, and provides full three-dimensional assessment of sample margins.
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MESH Headings
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Calcinosis/diagnostic imaging
- Calcinosis/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery
- Female
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Mammography/methods
- Microscopy, Phase-Contrast/methods
- Prospective Studies
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hellerhoff
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
- Abteilung für Diagnostische Radiologie, Rotkreuzklinikum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lorenz Birnbacher
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics & Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Anikó Sztrókay-Gaul
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
- Abteilung für Diagnostische Radiologie, Rotkreuzklinikum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Grandl
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
- Abteilung für Diagnostische Radiologie, Rotkreuzklinikum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sigrid Auweter
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marian Willner
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics & Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Mathias Marschner
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics & Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian F. Reiser
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics & Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Herzen
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics & Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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Baran P, Mayo S, McCormack M, Pacile S, Tromba G, Dullin C, Zanconati F, Arfelli F, Dreossi D, Fox J, Prodanovic Z, Cholewa M, Quiney H, Dimmock M, Nesterets Y, Thompson D, Brennan P, Gureyev T. High-Resolution X-Ray Phase-Contrast 3-D Imaging of Breast Tissue Specimens as a Possible Adjunct to Histopathology. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2018; 37:2642-2650. [PMID: 29994112 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2018.2845905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Histopathological analysis is the current gold standard in breast cancer diagnosis and management, however, as imaging technology improves, the amount of potential diagnostic information that may be demonstrable radiologically should also increase. We aimed to evaluate the potential clinical usefulness of 3-D phase-contrast micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging at high spatial resolutions as an adjunct to conventional histological microscopy. Ten breast tissue specimens, 2 mm in diameter, were scanned at the SYRMEP beamline of the Elettra Synchrotron using the propagation-based phase-contrast micro-tomography method. We obtained pixel size images, which were analyzed and compared with corresponding histological sections examined under light microscopy. To evaluate the effect of spatial resolution on breast cancer diagnosis, scans with four different pixel sizes were also performed. Our comparative analysis revealed that high-resolution images can enable, at a near-histological level, detailed architectural assessment of tissue that may permit increased breast cancer diagnostic sensitivity and specificity when compared with current imaging practices. The potential clinical applications of this method are also discussed.
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Abstract
X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) is a technique which can obtain three-dimensional images of a sample, including its internal structure, without the need for destructive sectioning. Here, we review the capability of the technique and examine its potential to provide novel insights into the lifestyles of parasites embedded within host tissue. The current capabilities and limitations of the technology in producing contrast in soft tissues are discussed, as well as the potential solutions for parasitologists looking to apply this technique. We present example images of the mouse whipworm Trichuris muris and discuss the application of μCT to provide unique insights into parasite behaviour and pathology, which are inaccessible to other imaging modalities.
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8
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Zeller-Plumhoff B, Roose T, Clough GF, Schneider P. Image-based modelling of skeletal muscle oxygenation. J R Soc Interface 2017; 14:rsif.2016.0992. [PMID: 28202595 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The supply of oxygen in sufficient quantity is vital for the correct functioning of all organs in the human body, in particular for skeletal muscle during exercise. Disease is often associated with both an inhibition of the microvascular supply capability and is thought to relate to changes in the structure of blood vessel networks. Different methods exist to investigate the influence of the microvascular structure on tissue oxygenation, varying over a range of application areas, i.e. biological in vivo and in vitro experiments, imaging and mathematical modelling. Ideally, all of these methods should be combined within the same framework in order to fully understand the processes involved. This review discusses the mathematical models of skeletal muscle oxygenation currently available that are based upon images taken of the muscle microvasculature in vivo and ex vivo Imaging systems suitable for capturing the blood vessel networks are discussed and respective contrasting methods presented. The review further informs the association between anatomical characteristics in health and disease. With this review we give the reader a tool to understand and establish the workflow of developing an image-based model of skeletal muscle oxygenation. Finally, we give an outlook for improvements needed for measurements and imaging techniques to adequately investigate the microvascular capability for oxygen exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zeller-Plumhoff
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung, Geesthacht, Germany .,Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - T Roose
- Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - G F Clough
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - P Schneider
- Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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9
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Zdora MC, Vila-Comamala J, Schulz G, Khimchenko A, Hipp A, Cook AC, Dilg D, David C, Grünzweig C, Rau C, Thibault P, Zanette I. X-ray phase microtomography with a single grating for high-throughput investigations of biological tissue. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:1257-1270. [PMID: 28271016 PMCID: PMC5330582 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The high-throughput 3D visualisation of biological specimens is essential for studying diseases and developmental disorders. It requires imaging methods that deliver high-contrast, high-resolution volumetric information at short sample preparation and acquisition times. Here we show that X-ray phase-contrast tomography using a single grating can provide a powerful alternative to commonly employed techniques, such as high-resolution episcopic microscopy (HREM). We present the phase tomography of a mouse embryo in paraffin obtained with an X-ray single-grating interferometer at I13-2 Beamline at Diamond Light Source and discuss the results in comparison with HREM measurements. The excellent contrast and quantitative density information achieved non-destructively and without staining using a simple, robust setup make X-ray single-grating interferometry an optimum candidate for high-throughput imaging of biological specimens as an alternative for existing methods like HREM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Zdora
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE,
UK
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Joan Vila-Comamala
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Georg Schulz
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil,
Switzerland
| | - Anna Khimchenko
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil,
Switzerland
| | | | - Andrew C. Cook
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Daniel Dilg
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | | | | | - Christoph Rau
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE,
UK
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7HS,
UK
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611,
USA
| | - Pierre Thibault
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ,
UK
| | - Irene Zanette
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE,
UK
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10
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Larsson DH, Vågberg W, Yaroshenko A, Yildirim AÖ, Hertz HM. High-resolution short-exposure small-animal laboratory x-ray phase-contrast tomography. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39074. [PMID: 27958376 PMCID: PMC5153650 DOI: 10.1038/srep39074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
X-ray computed tomography of small animals and their organs is an essential tool in basic and preclinical biomedical research. In both phase-contrast and absorption tomography high spatial resolution and short exposure times are of key importance. However, the observable spatial resolutions and achievable exposure times are presently limited by system parameters rather than more fundamental constraints like, e.g., dose. Here we demonstrate laboratory tomography with few-ten μm spatial resolution and few-minute exposure time at an acceptable dose for small-animal imaging, both with absorption contrast and phase contrast. The method relies on a magnifying imaging scheme in combination with a high-power small-spot liquid-metal-jet electron-impact source. The tomographic imaging is demonstrated on intact mouse, phantoms and excised lungs, both healthy and with pulmonary emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Larsson
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology/Albanova, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William Vågberg
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology/Albanova, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andre Yaroshenko
- Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans M. Hertz
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology/Albanova, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Three-dimensional non-destructive soft-tissue visualization with X-ray staining micro-tomography. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14088. [PMID: 26404036 PMCID: PMC4585898 DOI: 10.1038/srep14088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Low inherent contrast in soft tissues has been limiting the use of X-ray absorption micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to access high-resolution structural information of animal organs. The staining agents used in micro-CT to improve the contrast fail in providing high-quality images of whole organs of animals due to diffusion problems of the staining agent into the sample. We demonstrate a staining protocol that incorporates a biochemical conditioning step prior to exposure to the staining agent that succeeds in overcoming the diffusion problems, thus quickly providing high-quality micro-CT images of whole organs of mammals. Besides of yielding non-distorted three-dimensional information at the same spatial resolution accessible in histological sections, micro-CT images of whole organs stained by our method enable easy screening of slices along any direction of the volume thus demonstrating new possibilities of structural analysis in biomedical science.
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