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Silva TRC, Souza VV, Raminelli C. Synthesis of Isoquinolines via the [4+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Oxazoles and Arynes. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamiris R. C. Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais Químicas e Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal de São Paulo Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, 275 Diadema SP 09972-270 Brazil
| | - Vinícius V. Souza
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais Químicas e Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal de São Paulo Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, 275 Diadema SP 09972-270 Brazil
| | - Cristiano Raminelli
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais Químicas e Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal de São Paulo Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, 275 Diadema SP 09972-270 Brazil
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2
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Chaolumen, Stepek IA, Yamada KE, Ito H, Itami K. Construction of Heptagon-Containing Molecular Nanocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23508-23532. [PMID: 33547701 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular nanocarbons containing heptagonal rings have attracted increasing interest due to their dynamic behavior, electronic properties, aromaticity, and solid-state packing. Heptagon incorporation can not only induce negative curvature within nanocarbon scaffolds, but also confer significantly altered properties through interaction with adjacent non-hexagonal rings. Despite the disclosure of several beautiful examples in recent years, synthetic strategies toward heptagon-embedded molecular nanocarbons remain relatively limited due to the intrinsic challenges of heptagon formation and incorporation into polyarene frameworks. In this Review, recent advances in solution-mediated and surface-assisted synthesis of heptagon-containing molecular nanocarbons, as well as the intriguing properties of these frameworks, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolumen
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Iain A Stepek
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Keigo E Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Zilla MK, Mahajan S, Khajuria R, Gupta VK, Kapoor KK, Ali A. An efficient synthesis of 4-phenoxy-quinazoline, 2-phenoxy-quinoxaline, and 2-phenoxy-pyridine derivatives using aryne chemistry. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3477-3483. [PMID: 35424287 PMCID: PMC8693993 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09994e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the mild and efficient synthesis of 4-phenoxyquinazoline, 2-phenoxyquinoxaline, and 2-phenoxypyridine derivatives from the starting materials viz. quinazolin-4(3H)-one, quinoxalin-2(1H)-one, and pyridin-2(1H)-one and aryne generated in situ from 2-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl trifluoromethanesulfonate and cesium fluoride. This synthetic methodology gives a new environmentally benign way for the preparation of several unnatural series of 4-phenoxyquinazoline, 2-phenoxyquinoxaline and 2-phenoxypyridine compounds with high yields and broad substrate scope. Efficient synthesis of 4-phenoxyquinazoline, 2-phenoxyquinoxaline, 2-phenoxypyridine derivatives were generated of aryne from 2-(trimethylsilyl)phenyltrifluoromethanesulfonate with cesium fluoride.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh K Zilla
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Berhampur Odisha 760010 India .,CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Canal Road Jammu-180001 India
| | - Sheena Mahajan
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Canal Road Jammu-180001 India
| | - Rajni Khajuria
- Department of Chemistry, GDC for Women Kathua Kathua-184101 India
| | - Vivek K Gupta
- Post-Graduate Department of Physics & Electronics, University of Jammu Jammu Tawi- 180006 India
| | - Kamal K Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu Jammu Tawi-180006 India
| | - Asif Ali
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Canal Road Jammu-180001 India .,CSIR-Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) 14-Satsang Vihar, Vigyan Suchna Bhawan New Delhi-110067 India
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5
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Sarmah M, Sharma A, Gogoi P. Exploration of Kobayashi's aryne precursor: a potent reactive platform for the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:722-737. [PMID: 33432965 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02063j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Arynes due to their transient nature leads to remarkable and versatile applications in the synthetic world. Apparently, researchers have focused on the construction of simple to complex π-conjugated systems using arynes as the reactive platform. In this regard, Kobayashi's aryne precursor has shown a great extent of reactivity and afforded significant advancement in the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic systems with wide practical utility. This review emphasizes the extensive utilization of Kobayashi's aryne intermediates and their derivatives for the synthesis of different classes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manashi Sarmah
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Assam, Jorhat 785006, India.
| | - Abhilash Sharma
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Assam, Jorhat 785006, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Pranjal Gogoi
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Assam, Jorhat 785006, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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6
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Jana K, Wakchaure PD, Hussain N, Mukherjee D, Ganguly B. The mechanism of conversion of substituted glycals to chiral acenes via Diels-Alder reaction: a computational study. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6353-6367. [PMID: 34231642 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00408e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of linearly fused aromatic systems using a glycal-based diene with an aryne is a long-standing topic of interest in glycal chemistry. We have examined the mechanistic pathways for the transformation of substituted glycals to chiral fused aromatic cores via Diels-Alder (DA) reaction using the SMDACN-M06-2X/6-31G(d) level of theory. The DA reactions of E (1a) and Z (1a') forms of C-2 alkenyl glycal and an aryl glycal (1b) as a diene were examined with a benzyne intermediate generated as a dienophile. The computational results reveal that 1a and 1b can only be transformed into the fused aromatic cores by the base-catalyzed reaction because a [1,5] sigmatropic hydrogen shift is not feasible. The activation free energy barrier for the base-catalyzed proton abstraction process is 4.2 kcal mol-1 and there is almost no barrier for stereoisomeric 1a DA-complexes. The activation free energy barrier values for stereoisomeric 1b DA-complexes for the base-catalyzed proton abstraction process are 10.8 and 12.4 kcal mol-1. The appropriate orientation of glycal-ring-oxygen and hydrogen at the 5th position of Z (1a') forms of C-2 alkenyl glycal facilitates the [1,5] sigmatropic hydrogen shift; however, the base-catalyzed reaction is energetically more favored than the former case. The rate-determining step for 1a and 1a' is the ring-opening step (18.2 and 19.5 kcal mol-1 for the S-stereoisomer), whereas the DA adduct formation step is the rate-determining step for 1b (16.1 kcal mol-1 for the S-stereoisomer). The structural analysis reveals the formation of the preferred S-stereoisomer over the R-stereoisomer with the respective dienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyanashis Jana
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201 002, India
| | - Padmaja D Wakchaure
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201 002, India
| | - Nazar Hussain
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201 002, India and Natural Product Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Jammu 180001, India
| | - Debaraj Mukherjee
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201 002, India and Natural Product Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Jammu 180001, India
| | - Bishwajit Ganguly
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201 002, India
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7
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Asako T, Suzuki S, Tanaka S, Ota E, Yamaguchi J. Synthesis of Decaarylanthracene with Nine Different Substituents. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15437-15448. [PMID: 33201696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of decaarylanthracene with nine different substituents has been accomplished by a coupling/ring-transformation strategy. The oxidation of tetraarylthiophenes with four different substituents to the corresponding thiophene S-oxides and a [4 + 2] cycloaddition with a double benzyne precursor afforded a multiply arylated naphthalene derivative. Subsequently, the naphthalene derivative was converted into a naphthalyne, and then a [4 + 2] cycloaddition of another thiophene S-oxide provided decaarylanthracenes with nine different aryl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Asako
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Shin Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Eisuke Ota
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
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Wei YL, Dauvergne G, Rodriguez J, Coquerel Y. Enantiospecific Generation and Trapping Reactions of Aryne Atropisomers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16921-16925. [PMID: 32955266 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Enantioenriched aryne atropisomers having a biaryl stereogenic axis vicinal to the reactive triple bond are demonstrated to exist. These reaction intermediates are easily produced in situ and can undergo the standard aryne cycloaddition chemistry in an enantiospecific manner. Notably, the aryne atropisomers herein have allowed the practical syntheses of a small nanographene as well as some triptycene and anthracene derivatives that embed stereogenic axes of controlled absolute configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Long Wei
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, 13397 Marseille, France
| | | | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Yoann Coquerel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, 13397 Marseille, France
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9
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Li S, Liu L, Wang R, Yang Y, Li J, Wei J. Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of Sulfoximines and Arynes by C–H Functionalization as an Approach to Dibenzothiazines. Org Lett 2020; 22:7470-7474. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Liansheng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Yihui Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Junfa Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
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Kancherla S, Jørgensen KB. Synthesis of Phenacene-Helicene Hybrids by Directed Remote Metalation. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11140-11153. [PMID: 32786610 PMCID: PMC7498163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with six and seven rings were synthesized via directed metalation and cross-coupling of chrysenyl N,N-diethyl carboxamides with o-tolyl and methylnaphthalenyl derivatives. In the presence of competing ortho sites, the site selectivity in iodination of chrysenyl amides by directed ortho metalation (DoM) was influenced by the lithium base. The catalyst ligand bite angle was presumably important in the cross-coupling of sterically hindered bulky PAHs. Subsequent directed remote metalation of biaryls under standard conditions and at elevated temperatures afforded various fused six- and seven-ring PAHs, all in good yields and with fluorescent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Kancherla
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Kåre B Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
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Zyryanov GV, Kopchuk DS, Kovalev IS, Santra S, Rahman M, Khasanov AF, Krinochkin AP, Taniya OS, Chupakhin ON, Charushin VN. Rational synthetic methods in creating promising (hetero)aromatic molecules and materials. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Suravarapu SR, Parvathaneni SP, Bender JA, Roberts ST, Krische MJ. Benzannulation through Ruthenium(0)-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenative Cycloaddition: Precision Synthesis and Photophysical Characterization of Soluble Diindenoperylenes. Chemistry 2020; 26:7504-7510. [PMID: 32271965 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The first application of ruthenium(0)-catalyzed 1,2-dione-diyne [2+2+2] cycloaddition to PAH construction is achieved by the precision synthesis of soluble diindenoperylenes (DIPs), the electronic structures of which were investigated using steady-state absorption and emission, transient absorption, cyclic voltammetry and time-dependent density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Rao Suravarapu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX, 78712-1167, USA
| | - Sai Prathima Parvathaneni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX, 78712-1167, USA
| | - Jon A Bender
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX, 78712-1167, USA
| | - Sean T Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX, 78712-1167, USA
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX, 78712-1167, USA
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13
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Fused multifunctionalized bridge aromatic hydrocarbons from in situ-generated arynes and anthracene derivatives. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Muraca ACA, Raminelli C. Exploring Possible Surrogates for Kobayashi's Aryne Precursors. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:2440-2457. [PMID: 32064404 PMCID: PMC7017410 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A class of aryne precursors, that is, 2-(trimethylsilyl)aryl 4-chlorobenzenesulfonates, has been developed through well-established synthetic routes, which allow the formation of arynes under relatively mild conditions. All the aryne precursors were obtained from phenols and 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride, an inexpensive and easy-to-handle reagent with relatively low toxicity, and subjected to nucleophilic addition reactions, providing addition products in yields of 24 to 92%, and to cycloaddition reactions, affording cycloadducts in yields up to 80%. This work provides interesting insights into the mechanisms of aryne generation. In addition, 2-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl 4-chlorobenzenesulfonate was successfully employed in the total synthesis of (±)-aporphine.
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Pozo I, Peña D, Guitián E, Pérez D. 2,6,10-Triphenylenotriyne: a star-shaped trisaryne. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12853-12856. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05686c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and reactivity of an efficient precursor of a triphenylene-based trisaryne synthon is reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iago Pozo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- 15782-Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- 15782-Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - Enrique Guitián
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- 15782-Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- 15782-Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
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Gao B, Zou S, Yang G, Ding Y, Huang H. Carbonylative cycloaddition between two different alkenes enabled by reactive directing groups: expedited construction of bridged polycyclic skeletons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12198-12201. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05362g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel palladium-catalyzed highly selective hydrocarbonylative cycloaddition reaction with two different alkenes in the presence of CO enabled by a reactive directing-group is developed, which offers efficient access to bicyclo[2,2,2]lactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjian Gao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Suchen Zou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Yongzheng Ding
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Hanmin Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS
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Singh V, Verma RS, Khatana AK, Tiwari B. Construction of Phenanthrenes and Chrysenes from β-Bromovinylarenes via Aryne Diels–Alder Reaction/Aromatization. J Org Chem 2019; 84:14161-14167. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Singh
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS-Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Ram Subhawan Verma
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS-Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Anil K. Khatana
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS-Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Bhoopendra Tiwari
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS-Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
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Pozo I, Guitián E, Pérez D, Peña D. Synthesis of Nanographenes, Starphenes, and Sterically Congested Polyarenes by Aryne Cyclotrimerization. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2472-2481. [PMID: 31411855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, synthetic transformations based on aryne chemistry have become particularly popular, mostly due to the spread of methods to generate these highly reactive intermediates in a controlled manner under mild reaction conditions. In fact, aryne cycloadditions such as the Diels-Alder reaction are nowadays widely used for the efficient preparation of polycyclic aromatic compounds. In 1998, our group discovered that arynes can undergo transition metal-catalyzed reactions, a finding that opened new perspectives in aryne chemistry. In particular, Pd-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of arynes allowed the straightforward synthesis of triphenylene derivatives such as starphenes or cloverphenes. We found that this reaction is compatible with different substituents and sterically demanding arynes as starting materials. This transformation is especially useful to increase the molecular complexity in one single step, transforming molecules formed by n cycles in structures with 3n + 1 cycles. In fact, we took advantage of this protocol to prepare a large variety of sterically congested polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as helicenes or twisted polyarenes. Soon after the discovery of the reaction, the co-cyclotrimerization of arynes with other reaction partners, such as electron deficient alkynes, significantly expanded the potential of this transformation. Also the use of catalysts based on alternative metals besides Pd (e.g., Ni, Cu, Au) or the use of other strained intermediates such as cycloalkynes or cycloallenes added value to this reaction. In addition, we realized that the Pd-catalyzed aryne cyclotrimerization reaction is particularly useful for the bottom-up preparation of well-defined nanographenes by chemical methods. Although the extreme insolubility of these planar nanographenes hampered their manipulation and characterization by conventional methods, recent advances in single molecule on-surface characterization by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) with functionalized tips under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions, permitted the impressive visualization of these nanographenes with submolecular resolution, together with the examination of the corresponding molecular orbital densities. Moreover, arynes have been shown to possess a rich on-surface chemistry. In particular, arynes have been generated and studied on-surface, showing that the reactivity is preserved even at cryogenic temperatures. On-surface aryne cyclotrimerization was also demonstrated to obtain large starphene derivatives. Therefore, it is expected that the combination of aryne cycloadditions and on-surface synthesis will provide notable findings in the near future, including the "à la carte" preparation of graphene materials or the synthesis of elusive molecules with unique properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iago Pozo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Enrique Guitián
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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19
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Akhmetov V, Feofanov M, Papaianina O, Troyanov S, Amsharov K. Towards Nonalternant Nanographenes through Self-Promoted Intramolecular Indenoannulation Cascade by C-F Bond Activation. Chemistry 2019; 25:11609-11613. [PMID: 31301175 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) containing pentagons represent an important class of compounds that are considered to be superior materials in future nano-electronic applications. From this perspective, the development of synthetic approaches to large PAHs and nanographenes (NGs) is a matter of great importance. In this context indenoannulation appears to be the most practical way to introduce pentagons into NGs. Here we report that alumina-mediated C-F bond activation is an attractive tool for the synthesis of non-alternant NGs bearing several pentagons. The unique nature of the reaction leads to a rather counter-intuitive outcome and allows considering each previous aryl-aryl coupling as a promoter of the following one, despite the continuous increase in the strain energy. Thus, the presented strategy combines both facile synthesis and significant yields for large nonalternant PAHs and NGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Akhmetov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mikhail Feofanov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olena Papaianina
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sergey Troyanov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Amsharov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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20
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Sato H, Blemker MA, Hellinghausen G, Armstrong DW, Nafie JW, Roberts ST, Krische MJ. Triple Helical Ir(ppy) 3 Phenylene Cage Prepared by Diol-Mediated Benzannulation: Synthesis, Resolution, Absolute Stereochemistry and Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2019; 25:8719-8724. [PMID: 31070822 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalation of a triple helical N-doped phenylene cage prepared by ruthenium(0)-catalyzed diol-diene benzannulation delivers a chiral, conformationally constrained Ir(ppy)3 analogue. Like the parent complex, fac-Ir(ppy)3 , the iridium-containing PAH-cage is phosphorescent, but displays enhanced resistance to oxygen quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St. (A5300, Austin, TX, 78712-1167, USA
| | - Michelle A Blemker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St. (A5300, Austin, TX, 78712-1167, USA
| | - Garrett Hellinghausen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, Texas, 76019, USA
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, Texas, 76019, USA
| | - Jordan W Nafie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, Texas, 76019, USA.,BioTools Inc., 17546 Bee Line Highway, Jupiter, FL, 33478, USA
| | - Sean T Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St. (A5300, Austin, TX, 78712-1167, USA
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St. (A5300, Austin, TX, 78712-1167, USA
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21
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Ghotekar GS, Shaikh AC, Muthukrishnan M. Transition-Metal-Free Benzannulation of Tricarbonyl Derivatives with Arynes: Access to 1,3-Dinaphthol Precursors for the Synthesis of Rhodamine Dye Analogues. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2269-2276. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh S. Ghotekar
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Aslam C. Shaikh
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - M. Muthukrishnan
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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22
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Feng S, Li S, Li J, Wei J. Palladium-catalyzed annulation of N-alkoxy benzsulfonamides with arynes by C–H functionalization: access to dibenzosultams. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01311j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed C–H/N–H functionalization of N-alkoxy benzsulfonamides with arynes provides dibenzosultams via C–C/C–N bond formation, accompanied by an unexpected N–O bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710119
- P. R. China
| | - Shan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710119
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710119
- P. R. China
| | - Junfa Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710119
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
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23
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Ito H, Segawa Y, Murakami K, Itami K. Polycyclic Arene Synthesis by Annulative π-Extension. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:3-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kei Murakami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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24
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Kasun ZA, Sato H, Nie J, Mori Y, Bender JA, Roberts ST, Krische MJ. Alternating oligo( o, p-phenylenes) via ruthenium catalyzed diol-diene benzannulation: orthogonality to cross-coupling enables de novo nanographene and PAH construction. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7866-7873. [PMID: 30429996 PMCID: PMC6194800 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03236j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium(0) catalyzed diol-diene benzannulation is applied to the conversion of oligo(p-phenylene vinylenes) 2a-c, 5 and 6 to alternating oligo(o,p-phenylenes) 10a-c, 11-13. Orthogonality with respect to conventional palladium catalyzed biaryl cross-coupling permits construction of p-bromo-terminated alternating oligo(o,p-phenylenes) 10b, 11-13, which can be engaged in Suzuki cross-coupling and Scholl oxidation. In this way, structurally homogeneous nanographenes 16a-f are prepared. Nanographene 16a, which incorporates 14 fused benzene rings, was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In a similar fashion, p-bromo-terminated oligo(p-phenylene ethane diol) 9, which contains a 1,3,5-trisubstituted benzene core, is converted to the soluble, structurally homogeneous hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene 18. A benzothiophene-terminated pentamer 10c was prepared and subjected to Scholl oxidation to furnish the helical bis(benzothiophene)-fused picene derivative 14. The steady-state absorption and emission properties of nanographenes 14, 16a,b,d,e,h and 18 were characterized. These studies illustrate how orthogonality of ruthenium(0) catalyzed diol-diene benzannulation with respect to classical biaryl cross-coupling streamlines oligophenylene and nanographene construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Kasun
- University of Texas at Austin , Department of Chemistry , Austin , TX 78712 , USA . ;
| | - Hiroki Sato
- University of Texas at Austin , Department of Chemistry , Austin , TX 78712 , USA . ;
| | - Jing Nie
- University of Texas at Austin , Department of Chemistry , Austin , TX 78712 , USA . ;
| | - Yasuyuki Mori
- University of Texas at Austin , Department of Chemistry , Austin , TX 78712 , USA . ;
| | - Jon A Bender
- University of Texas at Austin , Department of Chemistry , Austin , TX 78712 , USA . ;
| | - Sean T Roberts
- University of Texas at Austin , Department of Chemistry , Austin , TX 78712 , USA . ;
| | - Michael J Krische
- University of Texas at Austin , Department of Chemistry , Austin , TX 78712 , USA . ;
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25
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Mesgar M, Nguyen-Le J, Daugulis O. New Hindered Amide Base for Aryne Insertion into Si-P, Si-S, Si-N, and C-C Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13703-13710. [PMID: 30351137 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A general method for a new, hindered lithium diadamantylamide (LDAM) base-promoted insertion of arynes into Si-P, Si-S, Si-N, and C-C bonds is described. Arynes are generated from easily available aryl triflates and halides. Subsequent reaction of the aryne with silylated phosphines, sulfides, or amines affords the insertion products. Furthermore, a one-step synthesis of anthracenes from aryl halides and aryl ketones is also demonstrated. Cyano, aryl, alkyl, trifluoromethyl, vinyl, methoxy, chloro, fluoro, and even formyl moieties are compatible with the reaction conditions. The new lithium amide affords higher yields compared with lithium tetramethylpiperidide (LiTMP)-promoted reactions. Furthermore, the bulkiness of LDAM base essentially suppresses aryne reaction with base, allowing use of aryl halides and triflates as the limiting reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mesgar
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States
| | - Justin Nguyen-Le
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States
| | - Olafs Daugulis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States
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26
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Poudel TN, Tamargo RJI, Cai H, Lee YR. Recent Progress in Transition-Metal-Free, Base-Mediated Benzannulation Reactions for the Synthesis of a Diverse Range of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Compounds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tej Narayan Poudel
- School of Chemical Engineering; Yeungnam University; 280 Daehak-Ro Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hongyun Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering; Yeungnam University; 280 Daehak-Ro Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering; Yeungnam University; 280 Daehak-Ro Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541 Republic of Korea
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27
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Alonso JM, Quiroga S, Codony S, Turcu AL, Barniol-Xicota M, Pérez D, Guitián E, Vázquez S, Peña D. Palladium-catalyzed cocyclotrimerization of arynes with a pyramidalized alkene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5996-5999. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03188f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A pyramidalized alkene and diverse arynes are generated in the presence of a Pd-catalyst to afford [2+2+2] cocycloaddition products.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Alonso
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- 15782 Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - Sabela Quiroga
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- 15782 Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - Sandra Codony
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC)
- Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona. Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Andreea L. Turcu
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC)
- Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona. Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Marta Barniol-Xicota
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC)
- Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona. Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- 15782 Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - Enrique Guitián
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- 15782 Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC)
- Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona. Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- 15782 Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
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28
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Kopchuk DS, Nikonov IL, Khasanov AF, Giri K, Santra S, Kovalev IS, Nosova EV, Gundala S, Venkatapuram P, Zyryanov GV, Majee A, Chupakhin ON. Studies on the interactions of 5-R-3-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazines with arynes: inverse demand aza-Diels–Alder reaction versus aryne-mediated domino process. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:5119-5135. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00847g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between substituted 5-R-3-(pyridyl-2)-1,2,4-triazines with in situ generated substituted aryne intermediates have been studied.
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29
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Hein SJ, Lehnherr D, Arslan H, J. Uribe-Romo F, Dichtel WR. Alkyne Benzannulation Reactions for the Synthesis of Novel Aromatic Architectures. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2776-2788. [PMID: 29112367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic compounds and polymers are integrated into organic field effect transistors, light-emitting diodes, photovoltaic devices, and redox-flow batteries. These compounds and materials feature increasingly complex designs, and substituents influence energy levels, bandgaps, solution conformation, and crystal packing, all of which impact performance. However, many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of interest are difficult to prepare because their substitution patterns lie outside the scope of current synthetic methods, as strategies for functionalizing benzene are often unselective when applied to naphthalene or larger systems. For example, cross-coupling and nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions rely on prefunctionalized arenes, and even directed metalation methods most often modify positions near Lewis basic sites. Similarly, electrophilic aromatic substitutions access single regioisomers under substrate control. Cycloadditions provide a convergent route to densely functionalized aromatic compounds that compliment the above methods. After surveying cycloaddition reactions that might be used to modify the conjugated backbone of poly(phenylene ethynylene)s, we discovered that the Asao-Yamamoto benzannulation reaction is notably efficient. Although this reaction had been reported a decade earlier, its scope and usefulness for synthesizing complex aromatic systems had been under-recognized. This benzannulation reaction combines substituted 2-(phenylethynyl)benzaldehydes and substituted alkynes to form 2,3-substituted naphthalenes. The reaction tolerates a variety of sterically congested alkynes, making it well-suited for accessing poly- and oligo(ortho-arylene)s and contorted hexabenzocoronenes. In many cases in which asymmetric benzaldehyde and alkyne cycloaddition partners are used, the reaction is regiospecific based on the electronic character of the alkyne substrate. Recognizing these desirable features, we broadened the substrate scope to include silyl- and halogen-substituted alkynes. Through a combined experimental and computational approach, we have elucidated mechanistic insight and key principles that govern the regioselectivity outcome of the benzannulation of structurally diverse alkynes. We have applied these methods to prepare sterically hindered, shape-persistent aromatic systems, heterocyclic aromatic compounds, functionalized 2-aryne precursors, polyheterohalogenated naphthalenes, ortho-arylene foldamers, and graphene nanoribbons. As a result of these new synthetic avenues, aromatic structures with interesting properties were uncovered such as ambipolar charge transport in field effect transistors based on our graphene nanoribbons, conformational aspects of ortho-arylene architectures resulting from intramolecular π-stacking, and modulation of frontier molecular orbitals via protonation of heteroatom containing aromatic systems. Given the availability of many substituted 2-(phenylethynyl)benzaldehydes and the regioselectivity of the benzannulation reaction, naphthalenes can be prepared with control of the substitution pattern at seven of the eight substitutable positions. Researchers in a range of fields are likely to benefit directly from newly accessible molecular and polymeric systems derived from polyfunctionalized naphthalenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Hein
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology,
Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology,
Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hasan Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology,
Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Fernando J. Uribe-Romo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology,
Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - William R. Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology,
Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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30
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Xu Z, Ge H, Han X, Liu SH, Meng XG, Yin J. Self-recognition behavior of novel frameworks containing both urea and carboxylate anion motifs. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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31
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Suzuki S, Itami K, Yamaguchi J. Synthesis of Octaaryl Naphthalenes and Anthracenes with Different Substituents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Suzuki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- JST-ERATO; Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Waseda University; 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
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32
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Suzuki S, Itami K, Yamaguchi J. Synthesis of Octaaryl Naphthalenes and Anthracenes with Different Substituents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15010-15013. [PMID: 28977724 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A synthesis of multiply arylated naphthalenes and anthracenes with eight different substituents has been accomplished. The key intermediates are tetraarylthiophene S-oxides, which are synthesized through a method involving sequential C-H arylation and cross-coupling from 3-methoxythiophene, followed by oxidation of the sulfur atom. The resulting tetraarylthiophene S-oxides can be converted into a tetraaryl benzynes or naphthalynes and then merged through [4+2] cycloaddition reaction with another tetraarylthiophene S-oxide, thereby resulting in the programmed synthesis of octaarylnaphthalenes and octaarylanthracenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Suzuki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
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33
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Shi Q, Andreansky ES, Marder SR, Blakey SB. Synthesis and C-H Functionalization Chemistry of Thiazole-Semicoronenediimides (TsCDIs) and -Coronenediimides (TCDIs). J Org Chem 2017; 82:10139-10148. [PMID: 28885844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coronenediimide (CDI) derivatives have a planar structure, a reasonably high electron affinity, and a rigid and extended delocalized π-system. Therefore, this core and variants thereof may be promising building blocks for the synthesis of electron transport materials. Herein, we have synthesized thiazole-semicoronenediimides (TsCDIs) and -coronenediimides (TCDIs) by a two-step process from a perylenediimide (PDI) precursor. Conditions for C-H arylation and heteroarylation of the thiazole moiety of this core were developed and were successfully used for the synthesis of dimer, triad, and polymeric materials. The optical and electrochemical properties of these materials and their monomers were examined as a function of side-chain modification and π-extension. With their broad optical absorption and low reduction potentials, these materials could be candidates as organic semiconductors for applications in OFETs and as nonfullerene acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Eric S Andreansky
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Seth R Marder
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Simon B Blakey
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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34
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Gadakh S, Shimon LJW, Gidron O. Regioselective Transformation of Long π-Conjugated Backbones: From Oligofurans to Oligoarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Gadakh
- Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Edmond J. Safra Campus Jerusalem Israel
| | - Linda J. W. Shimon
- Chemical Research Support Unit; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Ori Gidron
- Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Edmond J. Safra Campus Jerusalem Israel
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35
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Gadakh S, Shimon LJW, Gidron O. Regioselective Transformation of Long π-Conjugated Backbones: From Oligofurans to Oligoarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13601-13605. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Gadakh
- Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Edmond J. Safra Campus Jerusalem Israel
| | - Linda J. W. Shimon
- Chemical Research Support Unit; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Ori Gidron
- Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Edmond J. Safra Campus Jerusalem Israel
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36
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Matsuoka W, Ito H, Itami K. Rapid Access to Nanographenes and Fused Heteroaromatics by Palladium-Catalyzed Annulative π-Extension Reaction of Unfunctionalized Aromatics with Diiodobiaryls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12224-12228. [PMID: 28800388 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and rapid access to nanographenes and π-extended fused heteroaromatics is important in materials science. Herein, we report a palladium-catalyzed efficient one-step annulative π-extension (APEX) reaction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heteroaromatics, producing various π-extended aromatics. In the presence of a cationic Pd complex, triflic acid, silver pivalate, and diiodobiaryls, diverse unfunctionalized PAHs and heteroaromatics were directly transformed into larger PAHs, nanographenes, and π-extended fused heteroaromatics in a single step. In the reactions that afford [5]helicene substructures, simultaneous dehydrogenative ring closures occur at the fjord regions to form unprecedented larger nanographenes. This successive APEX reaction is notable as it stiches five aryl-aryl bonds by C-H functionalization in a single operation. Moreover, the unique molecular structures, crystal-packing structures, photophysical properties, and frontier molecular orbitals of the thus-formed nanographenes were elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.,JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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37
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Matsuoka W, Ito H, Itami K. Rapid Access to Nanographenes and Fused Heteroaromatics by Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulative π‐Extension Reaction of Unfunctionalized Aromatics with Diiodobiaryls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
- JST-ERATO Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
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38
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Annulative π-Extension (APEX): Rapid Access to Fused Arenes, Heteroarenes, and Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11144-11164. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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Ito H, Ozaki K, Itami K. Die anellierende Erweiterung von π-Systemen (APEX-Reaktion): ein rascher Zugang zu kondensierten Arenen, Heteroarenen und Nanographenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kyohei Ozaki
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and; JST-ERATO; Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project; Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
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40
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Hein SJ, Lehnherr D, Dichtel WR. Rapid access to substituted 2-naphthyne intermediates via the benzannulation of halogenated silylalkynes. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5675-5681. [PMID: 28989606 PMCID: PMC5621055 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01625e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A ZnCl2-catalyzed, regioselective benzannulation of halogenated silylacetylenes provides access to 2-naphthyne precursors.
Aryne intermediates are versatile and important reactive intermediates for natural product and polymer synthesis. 2-Naphthynes are relatively unexplored because few methods provide precursors to these intermediates, especially for those bearing additional substituents. Here we report a general synthetic strategy to access 2-naphthyne precursors through an Asao-Yamamoto benzannulation of ortho-(phenylethynyl)benzaldehydes with halo-silylalkynes. This transformation provides 2-halo-3-silylnaphthalenes with complete regioselectivity. These naphthalene products undergo desilylation/dehalogenation in the presence of F– to generate the corresponding 2-naphthyne intermediate, as evidenced by furan trapping experiments. When these 2-naphthynes are generated in the presence of a copper catalyst, ortho-naphthalene oligomers, trinaphthalene, or binaphthalene products are formed selectively by varying the catalyst loading and reaction temperature. The efficiency, mild conditions, and versatility of the naphthalene products and naphthyne intermediates will provide efficient access to many new functional aromatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Hein
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA . .,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Baker Laboratory , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , USA
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Baker Laboratory , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , USA
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
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41
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Asgari P, Dakarapu US, Nguyen HH, Jeon J. Aryne cycloaddition reactions of benzodioxasilines as aryne precursors generated by catalytic reductive ortho-C-H silylation of phenols with traceless acetal directing groups. Tetrahedron 2017; 73:4052-4061. [PMID: 28694551 PMCID: PMC5501486 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diversely substituted arylsilyl triflates, as aryne precursors for aryne cycloaddition reactions, were accessed from benzodioxasilines. Catalytic reductive C-H ortho-silylation of phenols with traceless acetal directing groups was exploited to prepare benzodioxasilines. Sequential addition of MeLi and then trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride to benzodioxasilines provided arylsilyl triflates in a single pot. Notably, this approach was successfully utilized to prepare sterically hindered 1,2,3-trisubstituted arylsilyl triflates, which ultimately underwent fluoride-mediated aryne cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Asgari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Udaya Sree Dakarapu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Hiep H. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Junha Jeon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, TX 76019, United States
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42
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Fu WC, Wang Z, Chan WTK, Lin Z, Kwong FY. Regioselective Synthesis of Polycyclic and Heptagon-embedded Aromatic Compounds through a Versatile π-Extension of Aryl Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7166-7170. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Chung Fu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology & SKLC; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Wesley Ting Kwok Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology & SKLC; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Fuk Yee Kwong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology & SKLC; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong Hong Kong
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43
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Fu WC, Wang Z, Chan WTK, Lin Z, Kwong FY. Regioselective Synthesis of Polycyclic and Heptagon-embedded Aromatic Compounds through a Versatile π-Extension of Aryl Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Chung Fu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology & SKLC; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Wesley Ting Kwok Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology & SKLC; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Fuk Yee Kwong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology & SKLC; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong Hong Kong
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44
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Li Y, Studer A. Reaction of Arynes with Vinyl Sulfoxides: Highly Stereospecific Synthesis of ortho-Sulfinylaryl Vinyl Ethers. Org Lett 2017; 19:666-669. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Li
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraβe 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraβe 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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45
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Hu L, Li J, Huang J, Yin J. Synthesis, Characterization of Star-Shaped Analogue with Benzene Core and Three Naphthalene Diimide Side-Arms. CHINESE J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201600584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linli Hu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Yangtze University; Jingzhou Hubei 434023 China
| | - Jinling Li
- School of Material Science & Engineering; Henan University of Technology; Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Central China Normal University; Wuhan Hubei 430079 China
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Central China Normal University; Wuhan Hubei 430079 China
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46
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Li Y, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Studer A. Sulfonium Ylides by (3+2) Cycloaddition of Arynes with Vinyl Sulfides: Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14435-14438. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Li
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Christian Mück-Lichtenfeld
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
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47
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Li Y, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Studer A. Schwefelylide durch (3+2)-Cycloaddition von Arinen mit Vinylsulfiden - stereoselektive Synthese hoch substituierter Alkene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Li
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Christian Mück-Lichtenfeld
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Armido Studer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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48
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Abstract
Silylaryl bromides and iodides can be prepared in one step from commercially available starting materials. Arynes can be generated from these compounds under conditions nearly identical to those employed for silylaryl triflates. Three distinct transformations, ortho-arylation of N-tritylanilines, intermolecular addition of arynes to amides, and reaction of ureas with arynes, were shown to be successful for the new aryne precursors. The main advantage of silylaryl halides relative to silyl aryl triflates is their one-step preparation from commercially available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mesgar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Olafs Daugulis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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49
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Abstract
Arynes are important and versatile intermediates in a variety of transformations. Commonly used solvents for aryne chemistry include acetonitrile and dichloromethane. Although rarely reported, the reactive nature of aryne intermediates makes them prone to side reactions, which sometimes involve solvent participation. Acetonitrile and dichloromethane are not always innocent solvents and can participate in aryne-based reactions. These results are presented in the context of ongoing mechanistic investigations of the triple aryne-tetrazine reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Suh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David M Chenoweth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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50
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Shu WM, Zheng KL, Ma JR, Wu AX. Transition-Metal-Free Coupling Annulation of Arynes with Ketones and Alkynoates: Assembly of Functionalized Naphthalenes. Org Lett 2016; 18:3762-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ming Shu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
- College
of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Lu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Rui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - An-Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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