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Teodorescu GM, Vuluga Z, Ion RM, Fistoș T, Ioniță A, Slămnoiu-Teodorescu S, Paceagiu J, Nicolae CA, Gabor AR, Ghiurea M. The Effect of Thermoplastic Elastomer and Fly Ash on the Properties of Polypropylene Composites with Long Glass Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1238. [PMID: 38732707 PMCID: PMC11085158 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A cost-effective solution to the problems that the automotive industry is facing nowadays regarding regulations on emissions and fuel efficiency is to achieve weight reduction of automobile parts. Glass fiber-reinforced polymers are regularly used to manufacture various components, and some parts may also contain thermoplastic elastomers for toughness improvement. This work aimed to investigate the effect of styrene-(ethylene-co-butylene)-styrene triblock copolymer (E) and treated fly ash (C) on the morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of long glass fiber (G)-reinforced polypropylene (PP). Results showed that the composites obtained through melt processing methods presented similar thermal stability and improved (nano)mechanical properties compared to 25-30 wt.% G-reinforced PP composites (PP-25G/PP-30G). Specifically, the impact strength and surface hardness were greatly improved. The addition of 20 wt.% E led to a 25-39% increase in impact strength and surface elasticity, while the addition of 6.5 wt.% C led to a 16% increase in surface hardness. The composite based on 25 wt.% G, 6.5 wt.% C, and 20 wt.% E presented the best-balanced properties (8-17% increase in impact strength, 38-41% increase in axial strain, and 35% increase in surface hardness) compared with PP-30G/PP-25G. Structural and morphological analysis confirmed the presence of a strong interaction between the components that make the composites. Based on these results, the PP-G-E-C composites could be presented as a viable material for automotive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Mihail Teodorescu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Research Group 12—Polymeric Composites and Nanocomposites, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.I.); (T.F.); (A.I.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.); (M.G.)
- Doctoral School of Materials Engineering Department, “Valahia” University of Targoviste, 35 Lt. Stancu Ion, 130105 Targoviste, Romania
| | - Zina Vuluga
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Research Group 12—Polymeric Composites and Nanocomposites, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.I.); (T.F.); (A.I.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Rodica Mariana Ion
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Research Group 12—Polymeric Composites and Nanocomposites, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.I.); (T.F.); (A.I.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.); (M.G.)
- Doctoral School of Materials Engineering Department, “Valahia” University of Targoviste, 35 Lt. Stancu Ion, 130105 Targoviste, Romania
| | - Toma Fistoș
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Research Group 12—Polymeric Composites and Nanocomposites, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.I.); (T.F.); (A.I.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Andreea Ioniță
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Research Group 12—Polymeric Composites and Nanocomposites, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.I.); (T.F.); (A.I.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Sofia Slămnoiu-Teodorescu
- Materials Engineering and Mechanics Department, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Romania;
| | | | - Cristian Andi Nicolae
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Research Group 12—Polymeric Composites and Nanocomposites, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.I.); (T.F.); (A.I.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Augusta Raluca Gabor
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Research Group 12—Polymeric Composites and Nanocomposites, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.I.); (T.F.); (A.I.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Marius Ghiurea
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Research Group 12—Polymeric Composites and Nanocomposites, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.I.); (T.F.); (A.I.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.); (M.G.)
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Zeng F, Liu X, Chen Y, Li H, Mao H, Guo W. The Cellular Structure and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Nano-CaCO 3/Ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer Composites Prepared by an In-Mold-Decoration/Microcellular-Injection-Molding Process. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3604. [PMID: 37688231 PMCID: PMC10490399 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP)-composite foams were prepared by a combination process of microcellular injection molding (MIM) and in-mold decoration (IMD). The effect of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) on the crystallization properties, rheological properties, microstructure, and mechanical properties of PP-composite foams was studied. The effect of the additives on the strength and toughness of PP-composite foam as determined by the multiscale simulation method is discussed. The results showed that an appropriate amount of EPDM was beneficial to the cell growth and toughening of the PP blends. When the content of EPDM was 15 wt%, the PP-composite foams obtained the minimum cellular size, the maximum cellular density, and the best impact toughness. At the same time, the mesoscopic simulation shows that the stress concentration is the smallest, which indicates that 15 wt% EPDM has the best toughening effect in these composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fankun Zeng
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.L.); (H.M.)
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Automotive Components Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Guangqi Honda Automobile Research & Development Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510700, China;
| | - Yingxian Chen
- Guangqi Honda Automobile Research & Development Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510700, China;
| | - Hao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.L.); (H.M.)
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Automotive Components Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huajie Mao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.L.); (H.M.)
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Automotive Components Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.L.); (H.M.)
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Automotive Components Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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Tabedzki C, Krook NM, Murray CB, Composto RJ, Riggleman RA. Effect of Graft Length and Matrix Molecular Weight on String Assembly of Aligned Nanoplates in a Lamellar Diblock Copolymer. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Tabedzki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Nadia M. Krook
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher B. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Vuluga Z, Sanporean CG, Panaitescu DM, Teodorescu GM, Corobea MC, Nicolae CA, Gabor AR, Raditoiu V. The Effect of SEBS/Halloysite Masterbatch Obtained in Different Extrusion Conditions on the Properties of Hybrid Polypropylene/Glass Fiber Composites for Auto Parts. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203560. [PMID: 34685321 PMCID: PMC8541571 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Masterbatches from a linear poly[styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene] (SEBS) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT-QM) were obtained in different conditions of temperature and shear using two co-rotating twin-screw extruders. The influence of screw configuration and melt processing conditions on the morpho-structural, thermal and mechanical properties of masterbatches at macro and nanoscale was studied. A good dispersion of halloysite nanotubes and better thermal stability and tensile and nanomechanical properties were obtained at a lower temperature profile and higher screw speed. The effect of masterbatches, the best and worst alternatives, on the properties of a polypropylene (PP)–glass fiber (GF) composite was also evaluated. Double hardness, tensile strength and modulus and four times higher impact strength were obtained for PP/GF composites containing masterbatches compared to pristine PP. However, the masterbatch with the best properties led further to enhanced mechanical properties of the PP/GF composite. A clear difference between the effects of the two masterbatches was obtained by nanoindentation and nanoscratch tests. These analyses proved to be useful for the design of polymer composites for automotive parts, such as bumpers or door panels. This study demonstrated that setting-up the correct processing conditions is very important to obtain the desired properties for automotive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zina Vuluga
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Polymer Department, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (G.M.T.); (M.C.C.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.); (V.R.)
- Correspondence: (Z.V.); (D.M.P.); Tel.: +40-21-316-3068 (Z.V. & D.M.P.)
| | - Catalina-Gabriela Sanporean
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 16, DK-9220 Aalborg East, Denmark;
| | - Denis Mihaela Panaitescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Polymer Department, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (G.M.T.); (M.C.C.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.); (V.R.)
- Correspondence: (Z.V.); (D.M.P.); Tel.: +40-21-316-3068 (Z.V. & D.M.P.)
| | - George Mihail Teodorescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Polymer Department, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (G.M.T.); (M.C.C.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.); (V.R.)
| | - Mihai Cosmin Corobea
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Polymer Department, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (G.M.T.); (M.C.C.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.); (V.R.)
| | - Cristian Andi Nicolae
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Polymer Department, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (G.M.T.); (M.C.C.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.); (V.R.)
| | - Augusta Raluca Gabor
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Polymer Department, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (G.M.T.); (M.C.C.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.); (V.R.)
| | - Valentin Raditoiu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Polymer Department, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (G.M.T.); (M.C.C.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.); (V.R.)
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Xiaochun Y, Youhua Y, Yanhong F, Guizhen Z, Jinsong W. Preparation and characterization of carbon fiber/polypropylene composites via a tri-screw in-line compounding and injection molding. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.22169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xiaochun
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Yin Youhua
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Feng Yanhong
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Zhang Guizhen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Wen Jinsong
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
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Alanalp MB, Durmus A, Aydin I. Quantifying effect of inorganic filler geometry on the structural, rheological and viscoelastic properties of polypropylene-based thermoplastic elastomers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Vuluga Z, Corobea MC, Elizetxea C, Ordonez M, Ghiurea M, Raditoiu V, Nicolae CA, Florea D, Iorga M, Somoghi R, Trica B. Morphological and Tribological Properties of PMMA/Halloysite Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E816. [PMID: 30960741 PMCID: PMC6403831 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
From an environmental and cost-effective perspective, a number of research challenges can be found for electronics, household, but especially in the automotive polymer parts industry. Reducing synthesis steps, parts coating and painting, or other solvent-assisted processes, have been identified as major constrains for the existing technologies. Therefore, simple polymer processing routes (mixing, extrusion, injection moulding) were used for obtaining PMMA/HNT nanocomposites. By these techniques, an automotive-grade polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was modified with halloysite nanotubes (HNT) and an eco-friendly additive N,N'-ethylenebis(stearamide) (EBS) to improve nanomechanical properties involved in scratch resistance, mechanical properties (balance between tensile strength and impact resistance) without diminishing other properties. The relationship between morphological/structural (XRD, TEM, FTIR) and tribological (friction) properties of PMMA nanocomposites were investigated. A synergistic effect was found between HNT and EBS in the PMMA matrix. The synergy was attained by the phase distribution resulted from the selective interaction between partners and favourable processing conditions. Modification of HNT with EBS improved the dispersion of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix by increasing their interfacial compatibility through hydrogen bonding established by amide groups with aluminol groups. The increased interfacial adhesion further improved the nanocomposite scratch resistance. The PMMA/HNT-EBS nanocomposite had a lower coefficient of friction and lower scratch penetration depth than PMMA/HNT nanocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zina Vuluga
- National Research and Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
| | - Mihai Cosmin Corobea
- National Research and Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
| | - Cristina Elizetxea
- Fundacion Tecnalia Research and Innovation, Donostia-San Sebastian 20009, Spain.
| | - Mario Ordonez
- Maier Technology Centre, R&D Department, Polígono industrial Arabieta 48320, Spain.
| | - Marius Ghiurea
- National Research and Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
| | - Valentin Raditoiu
- National Research and Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
| | - Cristian Andi Nicolae
- National Research and Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
| | - Dorel Florea
- National Research and Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
| | - Michaela Iorga
- National Research and Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
| | - Raluca Somoghi
- National Research and Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
| | - Bogdan Trica
- National Research and Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
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Vengatesan MR, Singh S, Pillai VV, Mittal V. Crystallization, mechanical, and fracture behavior of mullite fiber-reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Swati Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering; The Petroleum Institute; Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Vishnu V. Pillai
- Department of Chemical Engineering; The Petroleum Institute; Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Vikas Mittal
- Department of Chemical Engineering; The Petroleum Institute; Abu Dhabi UAE
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Mazidi MM, Razavi Aghjeh MK, Khonakdar HA, Reuter U. Structure–property relationships in super-toughened polypropylene-based ternary blends of core–shell morphology. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24125a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A specific “percolated/interconnected” morphology of PA6/EPDM-g-MA core–shell modifier particles in PP matrix resulted in a tremendous enhancement of impact strength. Fracture behavior and toughening mechanisms were studied and proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mehrabi Mazidi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials
- Sahand University of Technology
- Tabriz
- Iran
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering
| | - Mir Karim Razavi Aghjeh
- Institute of Polymeric Materials
- Sahand University of Technology
- Tabriz
- Iran
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering
| | - Hossein Ali Khonakdar
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
- Dresden
- Germany
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
| | - Uta Reuter
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
- Dresden
- Germany
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Mehrabi Mazidi M, Razavi Aghjeh MK. Synergistic toughening effects of dispersed components in PP/PA6/EPDM ternary blends; quantitative analysis of the fracture toughness via the essential work of fracture (EWF) methodology. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07193c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A synergistic toughening effect of soft EPDM particles and rigid PA6 domains for PP/PA/EPDM ternary blends was observed and the related micromechanisms were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mehrabi Mazidi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials
- Sahand University of Technology
- Tabriz
- Iran
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering
| | - Mir Karim Razavi Aghjeh
- Institute of Polymeric Materials
- Sahand University of Technology
- Tabriz
- Iran
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering
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Xiu H, Zhou Y, Dai J, Huang C, Bai H, Zhang Q, Fu Q. Formation of new electric double percolation via carbon black induced co-continuous like morphology. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06836j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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