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Horáček O, Dhaubhadel U, Holub J, Grüner B, Armstrong DW, Kučera R. Employment of chiral columns with superficially porous particles in chiral separations of cobalt bis (dicarbollide) and nido-7,8-C 2 B 9 H 12 (1-) derivatives. Chirality 2023; 35:937-951. [PMID: 37461229 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Derivatives of the nido-7,8-C2 B9 H12 (1-) (dicarbollide ion) and [3,3'-Co-(1,2-C2 B9 H11 )2 ](1-) cobalt sandwich (COSAN) ion represent groups of extremely chemically and thermally stable abiotic compounds. They are being investigated in many research areas, that is, medicinal chemistry, material sciences, analytical chemistry, and electrochemistry. The chirality of these compounds remains still grossly overlooked, what is also reflected in limited number of reports on their chiral separations. Continued progress depends on reliable, fast, and cost-effective methods for such separations. Recently, chiral separations of COSAN derivatives were achieved in liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography. Only five anionic derivatives of nido-7,8-C2 B9 H12 (1-) were successfully enantioseparated in liquid chromatography. Efforts to separate anionic nido-7,8-C2 B9 H12 (1-) in supercritical chromatography have failed, and only a few dicarbollide ions were separated using liquid chromatography. Generally, all chiral separations in liquid chromatography took about 30 min. Herein, we identify a versatile column capable of separating both COSAN and nido-7,8-C2 B9 H12 (1-) derivatives and achieve faster analyses times employing commercially available superficially porous chiral stationary phases. The semisynthetic hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin-based column (CDShell-RSP) is identified as the column of choice from the tested columns by separating 19 of 27 compounds from each structural motifs tested mainly in less than 10 min. The dihydroxyalkyl, oxygen-bridged hydroxyalkyl, and bisphenylene-bridged COSAN derivatives were baseline separated in less than 5 min exceeding the results of supercritical fluid chromatography. Methods developed herein will aid synthetic chemists without the possession of a supercritical fluid chromatograph to achieve fast chiral separations of COSAN and derivatives of nido-7,8-C2 B9 H12 (1-) on a common liquid chromatograph without the need of dedicated instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Horáček
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Umang Dhaubhadel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Josef Holub
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumír Grüner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Radim Kučera
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Creydt M, Fischer M. Food metabolomics: Latest hardware-developments for nontargeted food authenticity and food safety testing. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2334-2350. [PMID: 36104152 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The analytical requirements for food testing have increased significantly in recent years. On the one hand, because food fraud is becoming an ever-greater challenge worldwide, and on the other hand because food safety is often difficult to monitor due to the far-reaching trade chains. In addition, the expectations of consumers on the quality of food have increased, and they are demanding extensive information. Cutting-edge analytical methods are required to meet these demands. In this context, non-targeted metabolomics strategies using mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers (mass spectrometry [MS]) have proven to be very suitable. MS-based approaches are of particular importance as they provide a comparatively high analytical coverage of the metabolome. Accordingly, the efficiency to address even challenging issues is high. A variety of hardware developments, which are explained in this review, have contributed to these advances. In addition, the potential of future developments is highlighted, some of which are currently not yet commercially available or only used to a comparatively small extent but are expected to gain in importance in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Creydt
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Huang Y, Wu Y, Li W, Yan X, Wu D. Preparation of Porous Silica Particles with a Controlled Mesopore Size by Ultrasonic Spray Drying for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2128363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dapeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Hymater New Materials, Zhejiang, China
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One-Step Solvothermal Synthesis of Sub-2-µm Sea Urchin-Like TiO2 Microspheres for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Stationary Phase. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04140-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Yıldırım S, Demirdaş G, Fidan M, Yaşar A. Simple and Fast Determination of Terbinafine in Human Urine by Dilute and Shoot HPLC-DAD Using a Core-Shell Column. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:342-351. [PMID: 32646357 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200709171504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terbinafine is an allylamine antifungal that is effective against many fungi, dermatophytes and moulds. Analytical methods are required for the determination of terbinafine in biological fluids to perform therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel and fast method combining dilute and shoot approach and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection for the determination of terbinafine in human urine. METHODS Chromatographic parameters including mobile phase composition, pH, flow rate and injection volume were assessed and optimized. The separation of terbinafine and naproxen (internal standard) was achieved within 3 min using a C18 core-shell column (Raptor ARC-18, 100 x 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm) under isocratic conditions. Samples were eluted from the column at the flow rate of 1.4 mL/min using a mobile phase containing 0.2% triethylamine in water (pH 3.4 with formic acid): acetonitrile (45:55, v/v). RESULTS The presented technique was linear in the range of 25-2000 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day reproducibility at four quality control levels (25, 200, 750 and 1500 ng/mL) were less than 7%, with relative errors ranging from -5.40% to 5.91%. The limit of detection was 12.60 ng/mL. The developed method has three main advantages compared to existing methods: simplicity and greenness of sample preparation, use of core-shell column and short analysis time. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that the combination of dilute and shoot approach and core-shell column can be regarded as an advantageous application for the fast determination of terbinafine in the urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Yıldırım
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Demirdaş
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mert Fidan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yaşar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Memon N, Qureshi T, Bhanger MI, Malik MI. Recent Trends in Fast Liquid Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Analysis. CURR ANAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666180912125155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Liquid chromatography is the workhorse of analytical laboratories of pharmaceutical
companies for analysis of bulk drug materials, intermediates, drug products, impurities and
degradation products. This efficient technique is impeded by its long and tedious analysis procedures.
Continuous efforts of scientists to reduce the analysis time resulted in the development of three different
approaches namely, HTLC, chromatography using monolithic columns and UHPLC.
Methods:
Modern column technology and advances in chromatographic stationary phase including
silica-based monolithic columns and reduction in particle and column size (UHPLC) have not only
revolutionized the separation power of chromatographic analysis but also have remarkably reduced the
analysis time. Automated ultra high-performance chromatographic systems equipped with state-ofthe-
art software and detection systems have now spawned a new field of analysis, termed as Fast Liquid
Chromatography (FLC). The chromatographic approaches that can be included in FLC are hightemperature
liquid chromatography, chromatography using monolithic column, and ultrahigh performance
liquid chromatography.
Results:
This review summarizes the progress of FLC in pharmaceutical analysis during the period
from year 2008 to 2017 focusing on detecting pharmaceutical drugs in various matrices, characterizing
active compounds of natural products, and drug metabolites. High temperature, change in the mobile
phase, use of monolithic columns, new non-porous, semi-porous and fully porous reduced particle size
of/less than 3μm packed columns technology with high-pressure pumps have been extensively studied
and successively applied to real samples. These factors revolutionized the fast high-performance separations.
Conclusion:
Taking into account the recent development in fast liquid chromatography approaches,
future trends can be clearly predicated. UHPLC must be the most popular approach followed by the
use of monolithic columns. Use of high temperatures during analysis is not a feasible approach especially
for pharmaceutical analysis due to thermosensitive nature of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najma Memon
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, Univeristy of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Qureshi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, Univeristy of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Bhanger
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Malik
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
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7
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Cavaliere C, Capriotti AL, La Barbera G, Montone CM, Piovesana S, Laganà A. Liquid Chromatographic Strategies for Separation of Bioactive Compounds in Food Matrices. Molecules 2018; 23:E3091. [PMID: 30486380 PMCID: PMC6320936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, there is an increasing attention for nutraceuticals and, in general, bioactive compounds naturally present in food. Indeed, the possibility of preserving human health and preventing disease (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, cancer etc.) by the intake of healthy food is attractive for both consumers and food industries. In turn, research in this field was also prompted significantly, with the aim of characterizing these bioactive compounds and ascribe to them a specific activity. The bioactive compounds can belong to several chemical classes. However, their chemical diversity and presence in complex matrices, such as food, make it challenging both their isolation and characterization. To tackle this issue, efficient separation systems are needed, which are mainly based on chromatography. In this context, this mini-review aims to provide the reader with an overview of the most relevant and recent approaches for the separation of the most common bioactive compounds in food, in particular polyphenols, phenols, carotenoids, and peptides, by liquid chromatography approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cavaliere
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Giorgia La Barbera
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Carmela Maria Montone
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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8
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Poole CF. Chromatographic test methods for characterizing alkylsiloxane-bonded silica columns for reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1092:207-219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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9
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Blanchard E, Nonell A, Chartier F, Rincel A, Bresson C. Evaluation of superficially and fully porous particles for HILIC separation of lanthanide-polyaminocarboxylic species and simultaneous coupling to ESIMS and ICPMS. RSC Adv 2018; 8:24760-24772. [PMID: 35542138 PMCID: PMC9082343 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02961j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, amide-bonded columns packed with fully porous particles (FPP) and superficially porous particles (SPP) were evaluated to separate lanthanide-polyaminocarboxylic species by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), using two model samples of interest in nuclear and other industrial applications. We assessed the gains achieved by reducing the dimensions of the columns along with the size of the FPPs to sub-2 μm and by using sub-3 μm SPP-packed columns. The FPP-packed Acquity column (100 × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μm) performed better than the SPP-packed Accucore column (150 × 2.1 mm; 2.6 μm), with a separation that was two times more efficient and three times shorter, while generating around 30% less in effluent volumes. This column was also coupled simultaneously to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESIMS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The instrumental set-up was performed in a conventional laboratory, by taking into account the geometrical constraints existing in the laboratory dedicated to radioelement analysis. Furthermore, separation of the series of lanthanide (Ln) species was demonstrated for the first time thanks to the separation mode of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Blanchard
- Den - Service d'Etudes Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces (SEARS) - Laboratoire de développement Analytique Nucléaire, Isotopique et Elémentaire (LANIE), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France +33 (0)169089475 +33 (0)169088348
- Sorbonne Universités F-75005 Paris France
| | - A Nonell
- Den - Service d'Etudes Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces (SEARS) - Laboratoire de développement Analytique Nucléaire, Isotopique et Elémentaire (LANIE), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France +33 (0)169089475 +33 (0)169088348
| | - F Chartier
- Den - Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - A Rincel
- Den - Service d'Etudes Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces (SEARS) - Laboratoire de développement Analytique Nucléaire, Isotopique et Elémentaire (LANIE), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France +33 (0)169089475 +33 (0)169088348
| | - C Bresson
- Den - Service d'Etudes Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces (SEARS) - Laboratoire de développement Analytique Nucléaire, Isotopique et Elémentaire (LANIE), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France +33 (0)169089475 +33 (0)169088348
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Navarro M, Kontoudakis N, Canals JM, García-Romero E, Gómez-Alonso S, Zamora F, Hermosín-Gutiérrez I. Improved method for the extraction and chromatographic analysis on a fused-core column of ellagitannins found in oak-aged wine. Food Chem 2017; 226:23-31. [PMID: 28254015 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the analysis of ellagitannins observed in oak-aged wine is proposed, exhibiting interesting advantages with regard to previously reported analytical methods. The necessary extraction of ellagitannins from wine was simplified to a single step of solid phase extraction (SPE) using size exclusion chromatography with Sephadex LH-20 without the need for any previous SPE of phenolic compounds using reversed-phase materials. The quantitative recovery of wine ellagitannins requires a combined elution with methanol and ethyl acetate, especially for increasing the recovery of the less polar acutissimins. The chromatographic method was performed using a fused-core C18 column, thereby avoiding the coelution of main ellagitannins, such as vescalagin and roburin E. However, the very polar ellagitannins, namely, the roburins A, B and C, still partially coeluted, and their quantification was assisted by the MS detector. This methodology also enabled the analysis of free gallic and ellagic acids in the same chromatographic run.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Navarro
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia de Tarragona, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.li Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Nikolaos Kontoudakis
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia de Tarragona, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.li Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Miquel Canals
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia de Tarragona, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.li Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Esteban García-Romero
- Instituto de la Vid y el Vino de Castilla-La Mancha, Ctra. Toledo-Albacete s/n, 13700 Tomelloso, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sergio Gómez-Alonso
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, Campus Universitario, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; Parque Científico y Tecnológico Castilla-La Mancha, Paseo de la Innovación, 1, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Fernando Zamora
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia de Tarragona, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.li Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Isidro Hermosín-Gutiérrez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, Campus Universitario, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Pedroso TM, Medeiros AC, Salgado HR. RP-HPLC×HILIC chromatography for quantifying ertapenem sodium with a look at green chemistry. Talanta 2016; 160:745-753. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Osorio-Tobón JF, Carvalho PI, Barbero GF, Nogueira GC, Rostagno MA, Meireles MADA. Fast analysis of curcuminoids from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) by high-performance liquid chromatography using a fused-core column. Food Chem 2016; 200:167-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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Penetrable silica microspheres for immobilization of bovine serum albumin and their application to the study of the interaction between imatinib mesylate and protein by frontal affinity chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:805-14. [PMID: 26573171 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, novel featured silica, named penetrable silica, simultaneously containing macropores and mesopores, was immobilized with bovine serum albumin (BSA) via Schiff base method. The obtained BSA-SiO2 was employed as the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) stationary phase. Firstly, D- and L-tryptophan were used as probes to investigate the chiral separation ability of the BSA-SiO2 stationary phase. An excellent enantioseparation factor was obtained up to 4.3 with acceptable stability within at least 1 month. Next, the BSA-SiO2 stationary phase was applied to study the interaction between imatinib mesylate (IM) and BSA by frontal affinity chromatography. A single type of binding site was found for IM with the immobilized BSA, and the hydrogen-bonding and van der Waals interactions were expected to be contributing interactions based on the thermodynamic studies, and this was a spontaneous process. Compared to the traditional silica for HPLC stationary phase, the proposed penetrable silica microsphere possessed a larger capacity to bond more BSA, minimizing column overloading effects and enhancing enantioseparation ability. In addition, the lower running column back pressure and fast mass transfer were meaningful for the column stability and lifetime. It was a good substrate to immobilize biomolecules for fast chiral resolution and screening drug-protein interactions.
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14
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Spudeit DA, Breitbach ZS, Dolzan MD, Micke GA, Armstrong DW. Superficially Porous Particle Based Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Stationary Phase for High-Efficiency Enantiomeric Separations. Chirality 2015; 27:788-94. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Spudeit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianopolis Brazil
| | - Zachary S. Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
| | - Maressa D. Dolzan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianopolis Brazil
| | - Gustavo A. Micke
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianopolis Brazil
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
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Abstract
The great impact of cardiovascular diseases in human health has led to the development of a huge number of drugs and therapies to improve the treatment of these diseases. Cardiovascular drug analysis in biological fluids constitutes an important challenge for analytical scientists. There is a clear need for reliable methods to carry out both qualitative and quantitative analysis in a short time of analysis. Different problems such as drug monitoring, analysis of metabolites, study of drugs interactions, drugs residues or degradation products, chiral separation, and screening and confirmation of drugs of abuse in doping control must be solved. New trends in sample preparation, instrumental and column technology advances in LC and innovations in MS are described in this work.
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16
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Borges EM, Volmer DA. Silica, Hybrid Silica, Hydride Silica and Non-Silica Stationary Phases for Liquid Chromatography. Part II: Chemical and Thermal Stability. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:1107-22. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Iverson CD, Lucy CA. Aniline-modified porous graphitic carbon for hydrophilic interaction and attenuated reverse phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1373:17-24. [PMID: 25464992 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most stationary phases for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) are based on silica. Porous graphitic carbon (PGC) is an attractive alternative to silica-based phases due to its chemical and thermal stability, and unique selectivity. However, native PGC is strongly hydrophobic and in some instances excessively retentive. PGC particles with covalently attached aniline groups (Dimethylaniline-PGC and Aniline-PGC) were synthesized to alter the surface polarity of PGC. First, the diazonium salt of N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine or 4-nitroaniline was adsorbed onto the PGC surface. The adsorbed salt was reduced with sodium borohydride and (Aniline-PGC only) the nitro group was further reduced with iron powder to the aniline. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the surface functionalities and that these moieties were introduced to the surface at concentrations of 0.9 and 2.1molecules/nm(2), respectively. These modified PGC phases (especially Aniline-PGC) were evaluated as HILIC and reversed phases. The Dimethylaniline-PGC phase displayed only weak HILIC retention of phenolic solutes. In contrast, the Aniline-PGC phase displayed up to nearly a 7-fold increase in HILIC retention vs. an aniline-silica phase and selectivity that differed from 10 other HILIC phases. Introduction of aniline groups to the PGC surface reduced the RPLC retentivity of PGC up to more than 5-fold and improved the separation efficiency up to 6-fold. The chromatographic performance of Aniline-PGC is demonstrated by separations of nucleotides, nucleosides, carboxylic acids, basic pharmaceuticals, and other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Iverson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Gunning/Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Charles A Lucy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Gunning/Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
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Practical considerations in comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography systems (LCxLC) with reversed-phases in both dimensions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:153-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Borges EM. Silica, hybrid silica, hydride silica and non-silica stationary phases for liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:580-97. [PMID: 25234386 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Free silanols on the surface of silica are the "villains", which are responsible for detrimental interactions of those compounds and the stationary phase (i.e., bad peak shape, low efficiency) as well as low thermal and chemical stability. For these reasons, we began this review describing new silica and hybrid silica stationary phases, which have reduced and/or shielded silanols. At present, in liquid chromatography for the majority of analyses, reversed-phase liquid chromatography is the separation mode of choice. However, the needs for increased selectivity and increased retention of hydrophilic bases have substantially increased the interest in hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). Therefore, stationary phases and this mode of separation are discussed. Then, non-silica stationary phases (i.e., zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, alumina and porous graphitized carbon), which afford increased thermal and chemical stability and also selectivity different from those obtained with silica and hybrid silica, are discussed. In addition, the use of these materials in HILIC is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endler M Borges
- Núcleo Biotecnológico, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Rua Paese, 198, Bairro Universitário-Bloco K. Videira, SC CEP 89560-000, Brazil
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