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Al Rahal O, Ferguson M, Lennox CB, Male L, Friščić T. Structure of the caffeine-pyrogallol complex: revisiting a pioneering structural analysis of a model pharmaceutical cocrystal. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7431-7434. [PMID: 38938210 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02289k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The 1967 attempt of structural analysis of the solid-state complex of caffeine and pyrogallol was a pioneering structural investigation in the supramolecular chemistry of caffeine, of what today would easily be considered an archetype of a model pharmaceutical cocrystal. Re-investigating this historically important system demonstrates that this long overlooked complex is most likely a tetrahydrate with a different structure and composition than initially proposed, and provides the crystal structure of the anhydrous cocrystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okba Al Rahal
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Michael Ferguson
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Cameron B Lennox
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada
| | - Louise Male
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada
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2
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Vainauskas J, Wahrhaftig-Lewis A, Friščić T. Utilizing "Latent" Carbon: Repositioning Hydrogen-Bonded Synthons and Assemblies via Halogen Bonding to π-Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202408053. [PMID: 38779788 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Molecules bearing carboxylic acid, amide, and hydroxyl groups are ubiquitous in crystal engineering, where robust hydrogen-bonded synthons centred on these functionalities enable reliable crystal structure design. We now show that halogen bonding to the carbon π-system of such molecules, traditionally ignored in crystal engineering, permits the recognition and directional assembly of the resulting hydrogen-bonded structural subunits, leaving the archetypal hydrogen-bonded ring, ladder, and chain homosynthons intact, but repositioned in space. When applied to heteromolecular synthons, this enables rearranging more complex hydrogen-bonded motifs and the evolution of binary cocrystals into ternary ones through "latent" carbon-based recognition sites, demonstrating a rational approach to build higher-order solid-state supramolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogirdas Vainauskas
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., H3 A 0B8, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Tomislav Friščić
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., H3 A 0B8, Montreal, Canada
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3
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Beran GJO. Frontiers of molecular crystal structure prediction for pharmaceuticals and functional organic materials. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13290-13312. [PMID: 38033897 PMCID: PMC10685338 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03903j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The reliability of organic molecular crystal structure prediction has improved tremendously in recent years. Crystal structure predictions for small, mostly rigid molecules are quickly becoming routine. Structure predictions for larger, highly flexible molecules are more challenging, but their crystal structures can also now be predicted with increasing rates of success. These advances are ushering in a new era where crystal structure prediction drives the experimental discovery of new solid forms. After briefly discussing the computational methods that enable successful crystal structure prediction, this perspective presents case studies from the literature that demonstrate how state-of-the-art crystal structure prediction can transform how scientists approach problems involving the organic solid state. Applications to pharmaceuticals, porous organic materials, photomechanical crystals, organic semi-conductors, and nuclear magnetic resonance crystallography are included. Finally, efforts to improve our understanding of which predicted crystal structures can actually be produced experimentally and other outstanding challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J O Beran
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
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4
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Scheepers MC, Lemmerer A. The synthesis and characterization of a series of cocrystals of an isoniazid derivative with butan-2-one and propan-2-one. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2023; 79:365-373. [PMID: 37610289 PMCID: PMC10561595 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229623007179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Four cocrystals containing N'-(butan-2-ylidene)pyridine-4-carbohydrazide (izbt) and one cocrystal containing N'-isopropylideneisonicotinohydrazide (izact) were synthesized by reacting isoniazid with either butan-2-one (for the former) or acetone (for the latter). The coformers used to synthesize the izbt cocrystals were 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2-chloro-4-nitrobenzoic acid and 1-naphthoic acid. 1-Naphthoic acid was also used with izact to form a cocrystal. The 1:1 cocrystals are: N'-(butan-2-ylidene)pyridine-4-carbohydrazide-1-naphthoic acid (izbt-1nta), C10H13N3O·C11H8O2, N'-(butan-2-ylidene)pyridine-4-carbohydrazide-2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (izbt-2,4-dhba), C10H13N3O·C7H6O4, N'-(propan-2-ylidene)pyridine-4-carbohydrazide-1-naphthoic acid (izact-1nta), C9H11N3O·C11H8O2, N'-(butan-2-ylidene)pyridine-4-carbohydrazide-2-chloro-4-nitrobenzoic acid (izbt-2c4n), C10H13N3O·C7H4ClNO4, and N'-(butan-2-ylidene)pyridine-4-carbohydrazide-2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (izbt-2,5-dhba), C10H13N3O·C7H6O4. The cocrystals containing izbt were compared to those containing the same (or similar) coformers with izact that have been reported either here or in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). Most of the cocrystals showed different packing despite having the same hydrogen-bonding motifs. The cocrystals were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Clarke Scheepers
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2050, South Africa
| | - Andreas Lemmerer
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2050, South Africa
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5
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Shen Y, Cruz-Cabeza AJ, Azzouz O, Edkins K. Using Prenucleation Aggregation of Caffeine-Benzoic Acid as a Rapid Indication of Co-crystallization from Solutions. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1942-1950. [PMID: 36942815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Co-crystal design is a convenient way to remedy the poor biopharmaceutical properties of drugs. Most studies focus on experimental co-crystal screening or computational prediction, but hardly any work has been done toward fast, efficient, and reliable prediction of solution crystallization for co-crystal formation. Here, we study the caffeine-benzoic acid co-crystal system, due to its reported difficulty to crystallize from the solution phase. With this work, we investigate whether there is a link between prenucleation aggregation in solution and co-crystal formation and how to harness this for crystallization prediction. 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy is used to study the prenucleation interaction between caffeine and benzoic acid in methanol, acetone, and acetonitrile as examples of common solvents. In this system, crystallization from methanol leads to no co-crystallization, from acetone to concomitant crystallization of co-crystal and caffeine, and from acetonitrile to pure co-crystal formation from solution. Strong heteromeric dimers were found to exist in all three solvents. Ternary phase diagrams were defined and a solution-accessible co-crystal region was found for all solvents. For this system, the prenucleation clusters found in solution could be linked to the crystallization of the co-crystal. Crystallization from DMSO did not yield the co-crystal and there were no detectable prenucleation aggregates. NMR spectroscopy to probe dimers in solution can thus be used as a fast, reliable, and promising tool to predict co-crystallization from specific solvents and to screen for suitable solvents for manufacturing and scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Shen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | | | - Ossama Azzouz
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Katharina Edkins
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
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6
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Khan S, Zahoor M, Rahman MU, Gul Z. Cocrystals; basic concepts, properties and formation strategies. Z PHYS CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2022-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Cocrystallization is an old technique and remains the focus of several research groups working in the field of Chemistry and Pharmacy. This technique is basically in field for improving physicochemical properties of material which can be active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) or other chemicals with poor profile. So this review article has been presented in order to combine various concepts for scientists working in the field of chemistry, pharmacy or crystal engineering, also it was attempt to elaborate concepts belonging to crystal designing, their structures and applications. A handsome efforts have been made to bring scientists together working in different fields and to make chemistry easier for a pharmacist and pharmacy for chemists pertaining to cocrystals. Various aspects of chemicals being used as co-formers have been explored which predict the formation of co-crystals or molecular salts and even inorganic cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Khan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Malakand , Dir Lower 18800 , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Malakand , Dir Lower 18800 , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Mudassir Ur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry , Government Degree College Lundkhwar , Mardan 23130 , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Zarif Gul
- Department of Chemistry , University of Malakand , Dir Lower 18800 , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
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7
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Villeneuve N, Dickman J, Maris T, Day GM, Wuest JD. Seeking Rules Governing Mixed Molecular Crystallization. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:273-288. [PMID: 36624776 PMCID: PMC9817076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Mixed crystals result when components of the structure are randomly replaced by analogues in ratios that can be varied continuously over certain ranges. Mixed crystals are useful because their properties can be adjusted by increments, simply by altering the ratio of components. Unfortunately, no clear rules exist to predict when two compounds are similar enough to form mixed crystals containing substantial amounts of both. To gain further understanding, we have used single-crystal X-ray diffraction, computational methods, and other tools to study mixed crystallizations within a selected set of structurally related compounds. This work has allowed us to begin to clarify the rules governing the phenomenon by showing that mixed crystals can have compositions and properties that vary continuously over wide ranges, even when the individual components do not normally crystallize in the same way. Moreover, close agreement of the results of our experiments and computational modeling demonstrates that reliable predictions about mixed crystallization can be made, despite the complexity of the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua Dickman
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Thierry Maris
- Département
de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Graeme M. Day
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - James D. Wuest
- Département
de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
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8
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Syed TA, Ansari KB, Banerjee A, Wood DA, Khan MS, Al Mesfer MK. Machine‐learning predictions of caffeine co‐crystal formation accompanying experimental and molecular validations. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanweer A. Syed
- Department of Chemical Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Khursheed B. Ansari
- Department of Chemical Engineering Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Arghya Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Punjab India
| | | | - Mohd Shariq Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering Dhofar University Salalah Oman
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9
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Wang J, Wu Y, Li Y. The crystal structure of ethyl 2,3,5-trifluoro-4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyridin-1(2 H)-yl)benzoate, C 14H 12F 3NO 3. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C14H12F3NO3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 14.4583(12) Å, b = 6.6553(5) Å, c = 14.8395(11) Å, β = 113.733(3)°, V = 1307.16(18) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0479, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1235, T = 170 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Department of Student Affairs , Ningbo Polytechnic , No. 388, Lushan East Road, Ningbo Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beilun District , Ningbo City 315806 , Zhejiang Province , P. R. China
| | - Yundeng Wu
- Technique Center , Jinling Pharmaceutical Company Limited , Nanjing 210046 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering , Ningbo Polytechnic , No. 388, Lushan East Road, Ningbo Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beilun District , Ningbo City 315806 , Zhejiang Province , P. R. China
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10
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Global analysis of the energy landscapes of molecular crystal structures by applying the threshold algorithm. Commun Chem 2022; 5:86. [PMID: 36697680 PMCID: PMC9814927 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphism in molecular crystals has important consequences for the control of materials properties and our understanding of crystallization. Computational methods, including crystal structure prediction, have provided important insight into polymorphism, but have usually been limited to assessing the relative energies of structures. We describe the implementation of the Monte Carlo threshold algorithm as a method to provide an estimate of the energy barriers separating crystal structures. By sampling the local energy minima accessible from multiple starting structures, the simulations yield a global picture of the crystal energy landscapes and provide valuable information on the depth of the energy minima associated with crystal structures. We present results from applying the threshold algorithm to four polymorphic organic molecular crystals, examine the influence of applying space group symmetry constraints during the simulations, and discuss the relationship between the structure of the energy landscape and the intermolecular interactions present in the crystals.
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11
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Preparation and characterization of five 3D crystalline adducts from caffeine and organic acids. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Bolla G, Sarma B, Nangia AK. Crystal Engineering of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals in the Discovery and Development of Improved Drugs. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11514-11603. [PMID: 35642550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The subject of crystal engineering started in the 1970s with the study of topochemical reactions in the solid state. A broad chemical definition of crystal engineering was published in 1989, and the supramolecular synthon concept was proposed in 1995 followed by heterosynthons and their potential applications for the design of pharmaceutical cocrystals in 2004. This review traces the development of supramolecular synthons as robust and recurring hydrogen bond patterns for the design and construction of supramolecular architectures, notably, pharmaceutical cocrystals beginning in the early 2000s to the present time. The ability of a cocrystal between an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and a pharmaceutically acceptable coformer to systematically tune the physicochemical properties of a drug (i.e., solubility, permeability, hydration, color, compaction, tableting, bioavailability) without changing its molecular structure is the hallmark of the pharmaceutical cocrystals platform, as a bridge between drug discovery and pharmaceutical development. With the design of cocrystals via heterosynthons and prototype case studies to improve drug solubility in place (2000-2015), the period between 2015 to the present time has witnessed the launch of several salt-cocrystal drugs with improved efficacy and high bioavailability. This review on the design, synthesis, and applications of pharmaceutical cocrystals to afford improved drug products and drug substances will interest researchers in crystal engineering, supramolecular chemistry, medicinal chemistry, process development, and pharmaceutical and materials sciences. The scale-up of drug cocrystals and salts using continuous manufacturing technologies provides high-value pharmaceuticals with economic and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Bolla
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Building 43, Room 201, Sderot Ben-Gurion 1, Be'er Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Bipul Sarma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India
| | - Ashwini K Nangia
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
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13
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Mannava MKC, Bommaka MK, Dandela R, Solomon KA, Nangia AK. Fluorobenzoic acid coformers to improve the solubility and permeability of the BCS class IV drug naftopidil. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5582-5585. [PMID: 35393986 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07187d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline salts of the low solubility and low permeability drug naftopidil were investigated with mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrafluorobenzoic acids as coformers to show that 245TFBA (2,4,5-trifluorobenzoic acid) is the optimal salt with faster dissolution and high permeability, thereby opening the study of fluorinated coformers in pharmaceutical cocrystals and salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Chaitanya Mannava
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Central University P. O., Hyderabad 500 046, India. .,Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering, Dayananda Sagar University, Kudlu Gate, Bangalore 560 068, India.
| | - Manish K Bommaka
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Central University P. O., Hyderabad 500 046, India.
| | - Rambabu Dandela
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India.,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Odisha Campus, IIT Kharagpur Extension Centre, Mouza Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar 751 013, Odisha, India
| | - K Anand Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering, Dayananda Sagar University, Kudlu Gate, Bangalore 560 068, India.
| | - Ashwini K Nangia
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Central University P. O., Hyderabad 500 046, India. .,Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
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14
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15
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Stolar T, Alić J, Lončarić I, Etter M, Jung D, Farha OK, Đilović I, Meštrović E, Užarević K. Sustainable solid form screening: mechanochemical control over nucleobase hydrogen-bonded organic framework polymorphism. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00668e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The choice is yours! Liquid-assisted grinding can be used to control HOF polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasna Alić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivor Lončarić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dahee Jung
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Ivica Đilović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ernest Meštrović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia
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16
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Kim P, Lee IS, Kim JY, Mswahili M, Jeong YS, Yoon WJ, Yun H, Lee MJ, Choi GJ. A study to discover novel pharmaceutical cocrystals of pelubiprofen with a machine learning approach compared. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00153e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pelubiprofen (PF), a biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been on the market only in its crystalline form. To discover the first cocrystal form(s) of the...
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17
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18
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Zhou H, Wang Y, Li S, Lu M. Improving chemical stability of resveratrol in hot melt extrusion based on formation of eutectic with nicotinamide. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:121042. [PMID: 34450224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hot melt extrusion (HME) is a technique applied in the preparation of pharmaceutical amorphous solid dispersions (ASD). Notably it is important to prevent thermal degradation of heat-sensitive drugs during HME. In this study, we present a new strategy to improve chemical stability of pharmaceutical compounds during HME through the formation of eutectics with small molecules. Resveratrol (RES) was selected as the model compound because it is a heat-liable natural product with a very high melting point of 267 °C. When heated at its melting point for 3 min, it degrades by 40%. RES can co-crystallize with nicotinamide (NIC) in solution, however, it can only form a eutectic with NIC during heating. HPMCAS was selected as the polymer matrix and the drug loading of RES was fixed as 20% (weight ratio). The lowest extrusion temperature that can result to RES-HPMCAS ASD is 215 °C. At this temperature, RES shows 7.36% degradation during extrusion. Replacement of 21.4% HPMCAS with NIC decreased the melting temperature of NIC and thus lowered the minimal extrusion temperature to 155 °C. This effectively prevented thermal degradation of RES without negatively affecting non-sink dissolution. The only extra cost for this method is stricter storage conditions (low temperature and low humidity) due to the low glass transition temperature of NIC. Similar strategy may be applied to other heat-liable drugs in similar ways. This study demonstrates the use of eutectic formation for preventing thermal degradation of drug during extrusion of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyue Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuting Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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19
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Shi P, Xu S, Yang H, Wu S, Tang W, Wang J, Gong J. Use of additives to regulate solute aggregation and direct conformational polymorph nucleation of pimelic acid. IUCRJ 2021; 8:161-167. [PMID: 33708393 PMCID: PMC7924234 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the nucleation pathway and achieving regulation to produce the desired crystals are mutually beneficial. The authors previously proposed a nucleation pathway of conformational polymorphs in which solvation and solute self-assembly could affect the result of the conformational rearrangement and further nucleation outcomes. Based on this, herein α,ω-alkanedi-carb-oxy-lic acids (DAn, where n represents the number of carbon atoms in the molecule, n = 2-6, 8-11) were designed as homologous additives to interfere with the self-assembly of pimelic acid (DA7) to further induce the form II compound, which differs from form I only in conformation. Interestingly, longer-chain additives (DA6-11) have a stronger form II-inducing ability than short-chain ones (DA2-4). In addition, an apparent gradient of the degree of interference with solute self-assembly, consistent with form II-inducing ability, was detected by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The calculated molecular electrostatic potential charges also clearly indicate that additive-solute electrostatic interactions gradually increase with increasing carbon chain length of the additives, reaching a maximum value with DA6-11. This novel use of additives demonstrates a direct link between solute aggregation and conformational polymorph nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijie Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaiyu Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Songgu Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junbo Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Arhangelskis M, Bučar DK, Bordignon S, Chierotti MR, Stratford SA, Voinovich D, Jones W, Hasa D. Mechanochemical reactivity inhibited, prohibited and reversed by liquid additives: examples from crystal-form screens. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3264-3269. [PMID: 34164095 PMCID: PMC8179350 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05071g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that liquid additives can exert inhibitive or prohibitive effects on the mechanochemical formation of multi-component molecular crystals, and report that certain additives unexpectedly prompt the dismantling of such solids into physical mixtures of their constituents. Computational methods were employed in an attempt to identify possible reasons for these previously unrecognised effects of liquid additives on mechanochemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihails Arhangelskis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw 1 Pasteura Street Warsaw 02-093 Poland
| | - Dejan-Krešimir Bučar
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Simone Bordignon
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University of Turin Via Giuria 7 Torino 10125 Italy
| | - Michele R Chierotti
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University of Turin Via Giuria 7 Torino 10125 Italy
| | - Samuel A Stratford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Dario Voinovich
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste Piazzale Europa 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - William Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Dritan Hasa
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste Piazzale Europa 1 34127 Trieste Italy
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21
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Woodley SM, Day GM, Catlow R. Structure prediction of crystals, surfaces and nanoparticles. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190600. [PMID: 33100162 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We review the current techniques used in the prediction of crystal structures and their surfaces and of the structures of nanoparticles. The main classes of search algorithm and energy function are summarized, and we discuss the growing role of methods based on machine learning. We illustrate the current status of the field with examples taken from metallic, inorganic and organic systems. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Dynamic in situ microscopy relating structure and function'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Woodley
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Graeme M Day
- Computational Systems Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - R Catlow
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
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22
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Devogelaer J, Meekes H, Tinnemans P, Vlieg E, Gelder R. Co‐crystal Prediction by Artificial Neural Networks**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan‐Joris Devogelaer
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Meekes
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Paul Tinnemans
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Elias Vlieg
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - René Gelder
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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23
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Devogelaer J, Meekes H, Tinnemans P, Vlieg E, de Gelder R. Co-crystal Prediction by Artificial Neural Networks*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21711-21718. [PMID: 32797658 PMCID: PMC7756866 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A significant amount of attention has been given to the design and synthesis of co-crystals by both industry and academia because of its potential to change a molecule's physicochemical properties. Yet, difficulties arise when searching for adequate combinations of molecules (or coformers) to form co-crystals, hampering the efficient exploration of the target's solid-state landscape. This paper reports on the application of a data-driven co-crystal prediction method based on two types of artificial neural network models and co-crystal data present in the Cambridge Structural Database. The models accept pairs of coformers and predict whether a co-crystal is likely to form. By combining the output of multiple models of both types, our approach shows to have excellent performance on the proposed co-crystal training and validation sets, and has an estimated accuracy of 80 % for molecules for which previous co-crystallization data is unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan‐Joris Devogelaer
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Hugo Meekes
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Paul Tinnemans
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Elias Vlieg
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - René de Gelder
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
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24
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Sekulovic A, Verrijk R, Rades T, Grabarek A, Jiskoot W, Hawe A, Rantanen J. Simultaneous automated image analysis and Raman spectroscopy of powders at an individual particle level. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 193:113744. [PMID: 33217710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Solid form diversity of raw materials can be critical for the performance of the final drug product. In this study, Raman spectroscopy, image analysis and combined Raman and image analysis were utilized to characterize the solid form composition of a particulate raw material. Raman spectroscopy provides chemical information and is complementary to the physical information provided by image analysis. To demonstrate this approach, binary mixtures of two solid forms of carbamazepine with a distinct shape, an anhydrate (prism shaped) and a dihydrate (needle shaped), were characterized at an individual particle level. Partial least squares discriminant analysis classification models were developed and tested with known, gravimetrically mixed test samples, followed by analysis of unknown, commercially supplied carbamazepine raw material samples. Classification of several thousands of particles was performed, and it was observed that with the known binary mixtures, the minimum number of particles needed for the combined Raman spectroscopy - image analysis classification model was approximately 100 particles per solid form. The carbamazepine anhydrate and dihydrate particles were detected and classified with a classification error of 1 % using the combined model. Further, this approach allowed the identification of raw material solid form impurity in unknown raw material samples. Simultaneous automated image analysis and Raman spectroscopy of powders at an individual particle level has its potential in accurate detection of low amounts of unwanted solid forms in particulate raw material samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sekulovic
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Pharmacy, Denmark; Dr Reddy's Research & Development B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Verrijk
- Dr Reddy's Research & Development B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Rades
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Pharmacy, Denmark
| | - Adam Grabarek
- Coriolis Pharma, Martinsried, Germany; Leiden University, Division of BioTherapeutics, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Coriolis Pharma, Martinsried, Germany; Leiden University, Division of BioTherapeutics, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jukka Rantanen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Pharmacy, Denmark.
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25
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Li X, Ou X, Wang B, Rong H, Wang B, Chang C, Shi B, Yu L, Lu M. Rich polymorphism in nicotinamide revealed by melt crystallization and crystal structure prediction. Commun Chem 2020; 3:152. [PMID: 36703331 PMCID: PMC9814109 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Overprediction is a major limitation of current crystal structure prediction (CSP) methods. It is difficult to determine whether computer-predicted polymorphic structures are artefacts of the calculation model or are polymorphs that have not yet been found. Here, we reported the well-known vitamin nicotinamide (NIC) to be a highly polymorphic compound with nine solved single-crystal structures determined by performing melt crystallization. A CSP calculation successfully identifies all six Z' = 1 and 2 experimental structures, five of which defy 66 years of attempts at being explored using solution crystallization. Our study demonstrates that when combined with our strategy for cultivating single crystals from melt microdroplets, melt crystallization has turned out to be an efficient tool for exploring polymorphic landscapes to better understand polymorphic crystallization and to more effectively test the accuracy of theoretical predictions, especially in regions inaccessible by solution crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhen Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Ou
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingquan Wang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haowei Rong
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd. (XtalPi Inc.), Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Chang
- Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd. (XtalPi Inc.), Shenzhen, China
| | - Baimei Shi
- Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd. (XtalPi Inc.), Shenzhen, China
| | - Lian Yu
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Ming Lu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Egorova O, Hafizi R, Woods DC, Day GM. Multifidelity Statistical Machine Learning for Molecular Crystal Structure Prediction. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:8065-8078. [PMID: 32881496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The prediction of crystal structures from first-principles requires highly accurate energies for large numbers of putative crystal structures. High accuracy of solid state density functional theory (DFT) calculations is often required, but hundreds or more structures can be present in the low energy region of interest, so that the associated computational costs are prohibitive. Here, we apply statistical machine learning to predict expensive hybrid functional DFT (PBE0) calculations using a multifidelity approach to re-evaluate the energies of crystal structures predicted with an inexpensive force field. The method uses an autoregressive Gaussian process, making use of less expensive GGA DFT (PBE) calculations to bridge the gap between the force field and PBE0 energies. The method is benchmarked on the crystal structure landscapes of three small, hydrogen-bonded organic molecules and shown to produce accurate predictions of energies and crystal structure ranking using small numbers of the most expensive calculations; the PBE0 energies can be predicted with errors of less than 1 kJ mol-1 with between 4.2 and 6.8% of the cost of the full calculations. As the model that we have developed is probabilistic, we discuss how the uncertainties in predicted energies impact the assessment of the energetic ranking of crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Egorova
- Statistical Sciences Research Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Roohollah Hafizi
- Computational Systems Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - David C Woods
- Statistical Sciences Research Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Graeme M Day
- Computational Systems Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
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27
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Germann LS, Arhangelskis M, Etter M, Dinnebier RE, Friščić T. Challenging the Ostwald rule of stages in mechanochemical cocrystallisation. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10092-10100. [PMID: 34094270 PMCID: PMC8162427 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03629c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemistry provides an efficient, but still poorly understood route to synthesize and screen for polymorphs of organic solids. We present a hitherto unexplored effect of the milling assembly on the polymorphic outcome of mechanochemical cocrystallisation, tentatively related to the efficiency of mechanical energy transfer to the milled sample. Previous work on mechanochemical cocrystallisation has established that introducing liquid or polymer additives to milling systems can be used to direct polymorphic behavior, leading to extensive studies how the amount and nature of grinding additive affect reaction outcome and polymorphism. Here, focusing on a model pharmaceutical cocrystal of nicotinamide and adipic acid, we demonstrate that changes to the choice of milling media (i.e. number and material of milling balls) and/or the choice of milling assembly (i.e. jar material) can be used to direct polymorphism of mechanochemical cocrystallisation, enabling the selective synthesis, and even reversible and repeatable interconversion of cocrystal polymorphs. While real-time mechanistic studies of mechanochemical transformations of metal–organic materials have previously suggested that reactions follow a path described by Ostwald's rule of stages, i.e. from metastable to increasingly more stable product structures, the herein presented systematic study presents an exception to that rule, revealing that modification of energy input in the mechanochemical system, combined with a small energy difference between polymorphs, permits the selective synthesis of either the more stable room temperature form, or the new metastable high-temperature form, of the target cocrystal. The choice of milling assembly (jar and ball material, number and size of balls) can be used to direct polymorphism in mechanochemical cocrystallisation, enabling the selective synthesis, and even reversible interconversion of cocrystal polymorphs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzia S Germann
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstr. 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany.,Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Mihails Arhangelskis
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada .,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw 1 Pasteura Street 02-109 Warsaw Poland
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) Notkestraße 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Robert E Dinnebier
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstr. 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
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28
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Lévesque A, Maris T, Wuest JD. ROY Reclaims Its Crown: New Ways To Increase Polymorphic Diversity. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11873-11883. [PMID: 32510946 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemical compounds that exist in multiple crystalline forms are said to exhibit polymorphism. Polymorphs have the same composition, but their structures and properties can vary markedly. In many fields, conditions for crystallizing compounds of interest are screened exhaustively to generate as many polymorphs as possible, from which the most advantageous form can be selected. We report new ways to search for polymorphs and increase polymorphic diversity, based on crystallization induced by suitably designed mixed-crystal seeds. The potential of the strategy has been demonstrated by using it to produce new polymorphs of the benchmark compound ROY as single crystals structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. This allows ROY to reclaim its crown as the most polymorphic compound in the Cambridge Structural Database. More generally, the methods promise to become valuable tools for polymorphic screening in all fields where crystalline solids are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lévesque
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Thierry Maris
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - James D Wuest
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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29
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Speight IR, Huskić I, Arhangelskis M, Titi HM, Stein RS, Hanusa TP, Friščić T. Disappearing Polymorphs in Metal-Organic Framework Chemistry: Unexpected Stabilization of a Layered Polymorph over an Interpenetrated Three-Dimensional Structure in Mercury Imidazolate. Chemistry 2020; 26:1811-1818. [PMID: 31756261 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The "disappearing polymorph" phenomenon is well established in organic solids, and has had a profound effect in pharmaceutical materials science. The first example of this effect in metal-containing systems in general, and in coordination-network solids in particular, is here reported. Specifically, attempts to mechanochemically synthesize a known interpenetrated diamondoid (dia) mercury(II) imidazolate metal-organic framework (MOF) yielded a novel, more stable polymorph based on square-grid (sql) layers. Simultaneously, the dia-form was found to be highly elusive, observed only as a short-lived intermediate in monitoring solvent-free synthesis and not at all from solution. The destabilization of a dense dia-framework relative to a lower dimensionality one is in contrast to the behavior of other imidazolate MOFs, with periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations showing that it arises from weak interactions, including structure-stabilizing agostic C-H⋅⋅⋅Hg contacts. While providing a new link between MOFs and crystal engineering of organic solids, these findings highlight a possible role for agostic interactions in directing topology and stability of MOF polymorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaiah R Speight
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Igor Huskić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Mihails Arhangelskis
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Hatem M Titi
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Robin S Stein
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Timothy P Hanusa
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada
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30
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Thakore SD, Sood A, Bansal AK. Emerging role of primary heterogeneous nucleation in pharmaceutical crystallization. Drug Dev Res 2019; 81:3-22. [PMID: 31800139 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Crystallization is an important and difficult to control unit operation in the pharmaceutical industry. Crystallization can control molecular (i.e., polymorphism) and particulate (i.e., particle size and crystal habit) properties of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Moreover, these molecular and particulate properties govern the manufacturability, stability, and biopharmaceutical performance of the API and drug product. Nucleation is a key step and primary heterogeneous nucleation is a common mode of nucleation during crystallization. Hence, it is important to understand the parameters affecting primary heterogeneous nucleation, to achieve desirable properties in crystalline APIs. Primary heterogeneous crystallization has usually been linked to the surface characteristics like topography and functionality of the heteronucleant. The review outlines recent findings in the primary heterogeneous crystallization with specific emphasis on its pharmaceutical applications including regulatory considerations. Molecular-level mechanisms governing heteronucleation and subsequent outcome in terms of molecular as well as particulate-level properties of API have also been discussed. Moreover, general guidance for the selection of heteronucleant has also been included. Heterogeneous crystallization is a promising tool for efficient crystallization of API having properties for optimal pharmaceutical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarth D Thakore
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Aaruti Sood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Arvind K Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
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31
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Price SL. Control and prediction of the organic solid state: a challenge to theory and experiment †. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2018; 474:20180351. [PMID: 30333710 PMCID: PMC6189584 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2018.0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of theoretical chemists to quantitatively model the weak forces between organic molecules is being exploited to predict their crystal structures and estimate their physical properties. Evolving crystal structure prediction methods are increasingly being used to aid the design of organic functional materials and provide information about thermodynamically plausible polymorphs of speciality organic materials to aid, for example, pharmaceutical development. However, the increasingly sophisticated experimental studies for detecting the range of organic solid-state behaviours provide many challenges for improving quantitative theories that form the basis for the computer modelling. It is challenging to calculate the relative thermodynamic stability of different organic crystal structures, let alone understand the kinetic effects that determine which polymorphs can be observed and are practically important. However, collaborations between experiment and theory are reaching the stage of devising experiments to target the first crystallization of new polymorphs or create novel organic molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Price
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
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32
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Merkelbach J, Majewski MA, Reiss GJ. Crystal structure of caffeinium triiodide – caffeine (1/1), C 16H 21I 3N 8O 4. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2018-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C16H21I3N8O4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 14.7257(7) Å, b = 10.5712(5) Å, c = 16.7501(8) Å, β = 114.408(2)°, V = 2374.4(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0254, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0760, T = 290(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Merkelbach
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Lehrstuhl II: Material- und Strukturforschung , Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1 , 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Martha A. Majewski
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Lehrstuhl II: Material- und Strukturforschung , Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1 , 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Guido J. Reiss
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Lehrstuhl II: Material- und Strukturforschung , Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1 , 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
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33
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Drug‑Drug and Drug‑Nutraceutical Cocrystal/Salt as Alternative Medicine for Combination Therapy: A Crystal Engineering Approach. CRYSTALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst8020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Taylor C, Day GM. Evaluating the Energetic Driving Force for Cocrystal Formation. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2018; 18:892-904. [PMID: 29445316 PMCID: PMC5806084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.7b01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a periodic density functional theory study of the stability of 350 organic cocrystals relative to their pure single-component structures, the largest study of cocrystals yet performed with high-level computational methods. Our calculations demonstrate that cocrystals are on average 8 kJ mol-1 more stable than their constituent single-component structures and are very rarely (<5% of cases) less stable; cocrystallization is almost always a thermodynamically favorable process. We consider the variation in stability between different categories of systems-hydrogen-bonded, halogen-bonded, and weakly bound cocrystals-finding that, contrary to chemical intuition, the presence of hydrogen or halogen bond interactions is not necessarily a good predictor of stability. Finally, we investigate the correlation of the relative stability with simple chemical descriptors: changes in packing efficiency and hydrogen bond strength. We find some broad qualitative agreement with chemical intuition-more densely packed cocrystals with stronger hydrogen bonding tend to be more stable-but the relationship is weak, suggesting that such simple descriptors do not capture the complex balance of interactions driving cocrystallization. Our conclusions suggest that while cocrystallization is often a thermodynamically favorable process, it remains difficult to formulate general rules to guide synthesis, highlighting the continued importance of high-level computation in predicting and rationalizing such systems.
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35
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Tan D, Loots L, Friščić T. Towards medicinal mechanochemistry: evolution of milling from pharmaceutical solid form screening to the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:7760-81. [PMID: 27185190 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02015a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This overview highlights the emergent area of mechanochemical reactions for making active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and covers the latest advances in the recently established area of mechanochemical screening and synthesis of pharmaceutical solid forms, specifically polymorphs, cocrystals, salts and salt cocrystals. We also provide an overview of the most recent developments in pharmaceutical uses of mechanochemistry, including real-time reaction monitoring, techniques for polymorph control and approaches for continuous manufacture using twin screw extrusion, and more. Most importantly, we show how the overlap of previously unrelated areas of mechanochemical screening for API solid forms, organic synthesis by milling, and mechanochemical screening for molecular recognition, enables the emergence of a new research discipline in which different aspects of pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry are addressed through mechanochemistry rather than through conventional solution-based routes. The emergence of such medicinal mechanochemistry is likely to have a strong impact on future pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry, as it offers not only access to materials and reactivity that are sometimes difficult or even impossible to access from solution, but can also provide a general answer to the demands of the pharmaceutical industry for cleaner, safer and efficient synthetic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davin Tan
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W, H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada.
| | - Leigh Loots
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W, H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada.
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W, H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada.
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Lucaioli P, Nauha E, Gimondi I, Price LS, Guo R, Iuzzolino L, Singh I, Salvalaglio M, Price SL, Blagden N. Serendipitous isolation of a disappearing conformational polymorph of succinic acid challenges computational polymorph prediction. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00625c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new polymorph of succinic acid is an unusually challenging test for metastable polymorph prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Lucaioli
- School of Pharmacy (PL, IS, NB)
- School of Chemistry (EN)
- University of Lincoln
- Lincoln
- UK
| | - Elisa Nauha
- School of Pharmacy (PL, IS, NB)
- School of Chemistry (EN)
- University of Lincoln
- Lincoln
- UK
| | - Ilaria Gimondi
- Thomas Young Center and Department of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Louise S. Price
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | - Luca Iuzzolino
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | - Ishwar Singh
- School of Pharmacy (PL, IS, NB)
- School of Chemistry (EN)
- University of Lincoln
- Lincoln
- UK
| | - Matteo Salvalaglio
- Thomas Young Center and Department of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Sarah L. Price
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | - Nicholas Blagden
- School of Pharmacy (PL, IS, NB)
- School of Chemistry (EN)
- University of Lincoln
- Lincoln
- UK
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37
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Price SL. Is zeroth order crystal structure prediction (CSP_0) coming to maturity? What should we aim for in an ideal crystal structure prediction code? Faraday Discuss 2018; 211:9-30. [PMID: 30051901 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structure prediction based on searching for the global minimum in the lattice energy (CSP_0) is growing in use for guiding the discovery of new materials, for example, new functional materials, new phases of interest to planetary scientists and new polymorphs relevant to pharmaceutical development. This Faraday Discussion can assess the progress of CSP_0 over the range of types of materials to which CSP is currently and could be applied, which depends on our ability to model the variety of interatomic forces in crystals. The basic hypothesis, that the outcome of crystallisation is determined by thermodynamics, needs examining by considering methods of modelling relative thermodynamic stability not only as a function of pressure and temperature, but also of size, solvent and the presence of heterogeneous templates or impurities (CSP_thd). Given that many important materials persist, and indeed may be formed, when they are not the most thermodynamically stable structure, we need to define what would be required of an ideal CSP code (CSP_aim).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Price
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Davin Tan
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St.W. H3A0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St.W. H3A0B8 Montreal Canada
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39
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Lukin S, Stolar T, Tireli M, Blanco MV, Babić D, Friščić T, Užarević K, Halasz I. Tandem In Situ Monitoring for Quantitative Assessment of Mechanochemical Reactions Involving Structurally Unknown Phases. Chemistry 2017. [PMID: 28639258 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report herein quantitative in situ monitoring by simultaneous PXRD and Raman spectroscopy of the mechanochemical reaction between benzoic acid and nicotinamide, affording a rich polymorphic system with four new cocrystal polymorphs, multiple phase transformations, and a variety of reaction pathways. After observing polymorphs by in situ monitoring, we were able to isolate and characterize three of the four polymorphs, most of which are not accessible from solution. Relative stabilities among the isolated polymorphs at ambient conditions were established by slurry experiments. Using two complementary methods for in situ monitoring enabled quantitative assessment and kinetic analysis of each studied mechanochemical reaction, even when involving unknown crystal structures, and short-lived intermediates. In situ Raman monitoring was introduced here also as a standalone laboratory technique for quantitative assessment of mechanochemical reactions and understanding of mechanochemical reactivity. Our results provide an important step toward a complete and high-throughput quantitative approach to mechanochemical reaction kinetics and mechanisms, necessary for the development of the mechanistic framework of milling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stipe Lukin
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Stolar
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Tireli
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Darko Babić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Ivan Halasz
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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40
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Berry DJ, Steed JW. Pharmaceutical cocrystals, salts and multicomponent systems; intermolecular interactions and property based design. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 117:3-24. [PMID: 28344021 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As small molecule drugs become harder to develop and less cost effective for patient use, efficient strategies for their property improvement become increasingly important to global health initiatives. Improvements in the physical properties of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), without changes in the covalent chemistry, have long been possible through the application of binary component solids. This was first achieved through the use of pharmaceutical salts, within the last 10-15years with cocrystals and more recently coamorphous systems have also been consciously applied to this problem. In order to rationally discover the best multicomponent phase for drug development, intermolecular interactions need to be considered at all stages of the process. This review highlights the current thinking in this area and the state of the art in: pharmaceutical multicomponent phase design, the intermolecular interactions in these phases, the implications of these interactions on the material properties and the pharmacokinetics in a patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Berry
- Durham University, Division of Pharmacy, Queen's Campus, Stockton on Tees, TS17 6BH, UK.
| | - Jonathan W Steed
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, University Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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41
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Hasa D, Jones W. Screening for new pharmaceutical solid forms using mechanochemistry: A practical guide. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 117:147-161. [PMID: 28478084 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Within the pharmaceutical industry, and elsewhere, the screening for new solid forms is a mandatory exercise for both existing and new chemical entities. This contribution focuses on mechanochemistry as a versatile approach for discovering new and alternative solid forms. Whilst a series of recently published extensive reviews exist which focus on mechanistic aspects and potential areas of development, in this review we focus on particular practical aspects of mechanochemistry in order to allow full optimisation of the approach in searches for new solid forms including polymorphs, salts and cocrystals as well as their solvated/hydrated analogues. As a consequence of the apparent experimental simplicity of the method (compared to more traditional protocols e.g. solvent-based methods), the high efficiency and range of conditions available in a mechanochemical screen, mechanochemistry should not be considered simply as an alternative method when other screening methods are not successful, but rather as a key strategy in any fully effective solid form screen providing reduced effort and time as well as the potential of requiring reduced amounts of material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dritan Hasa
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, LE1 9BH Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - William Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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42
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Amombo Noa FM, Jacobs A. Phenylacetic acid co-crystals with acridine, caffeine, isonicotinamide and nicotinamide: Crystal structures, thermal analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and Hirshfeld surface analysis. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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43
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Röthel C, Radziown M, Resel R, Grois A, Simbrunner C, Werzer O. Crystal alignment of caffeine deposited onto single crystal surfaces via hot-wall epitaxy. CrystEngComm 2017; 19:2936-2945. [PMID: 28670199 PMCID: PMC5471919 DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00515f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Crystal growth of caffeine on single crystalline surfaces yields needle or bird-like shaped crystals depending on surface chemistry and symmetry.
Defined crystal growth is highly demanded for technological applications but also fundamental research. Within this work, the crystal growth of the asymmetric molecule caffeine was studied on single crystalline surfaces of muscovite mica, sodium chloride and potassium chloride. While elongated needle-like crystals grow on muscovite mica and sodium chloride, smaller individual “bird-like” structures were observed on potassium chloride. Depending on the surface type and temperature, the disk-shaped caffeine molecules prefer either an edge-on or flat-on orientation with respect to the surface, but in each case, a defined crystallographic relation between the surface and caffeine crystallites was determined by using the X-ray pole figure technique. On muscovite mica and sodium chloride, needle-like crystallites with edge-on oriented molecules aligned mainly with the unit cell c-axis (which coincides with the long needle axis) along the [1–10]mica, [100]mica, [110]mica and [110]NaCl, [1–10]NaCl directions, respectively. Crystals consisting of flat-on oriented molecules on KCl showed also defined alignments with respect to the substrate, but due to the altered molecule–substrate contact, the b-axis aligned along [110]KCl and [1–10]KCl. Growth at elevated temperatures enabled changes in the crystal growth whereby more defined structures formed on NaCl. On KCl, the bird-like structures remained very similar, while caffeine on the mica surface at elevated temperatures resulted in even additional texture forming with the caffeine molecules now also favoring a flat-on orientation with respect to the surface. The systematic variation of various system parameters demonstrates how sensitive the growth behavior of caffeine on this variety of substrates is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Röthel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Karl-Franzens Universität Graz , Universitätsplatz 1 , 8010 Graz , Austria . ; .,Institute of Solid State Physics , Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Michal Radziown
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics , Johannes Kepler Universität Linz , Altenbergerstraße 69 , 4040 Linz , Austria
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute of Solid State Physics , Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16 , 8010 Graz , Austria.,BioTechMed - Graz , Austria
| | - Andreas Grois
- Institute of Solid State Physics , Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Clemens Simbrunner
- Institute of Solid State Physics , Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16 , 8010 Graz , Austria.,Institute of Solid State Physics , University of Bremen , Otto-Hahn-Allee 1 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Oliver Werzer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Karl-Franzens Universität Graz , Universitätsplatz 1 , 8010 Graz , Austria . ; .,BioTechMed - Graz , Austria
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44
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In silico screening of dicarboxylic acids for cocrystallization with phenylpiperazine derivatives based on both cocrystallization propensity and solubility advantage. J Mol Model 2017; 23:136. [PMID: 28349342 PMCID: PMC5368210 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In silico screening was performed to search for binary solids in which a phenylpiperazine-derivative drug was cocrystallized with a dicarboxylic acid. The phenylpiperazine derivative could be any of 61 such drugs, while the dicarboxylic acid could be any of nine such acids. The uniqueness of this approach was that two criteria had to be fulfilled simultaneously, namely a high propensity for cocrystallization and a sufficient solubility advantage. Using the mixing enthalpies of selected pairs of crystal formers with high affinities for one another permitted the classification of candidates with a high probability of cocrystallization. Further modeling of the solubility advantage allowed the identification of many binary solids that potentially exhibit significantly enhanced solubility in water. Based on the computed values for the mixing enthalpies and solubility advantage factors, it was concluded that dicarboxylic acids are both excellent coformers for cocrystallization with phenylpiperazines and very good solubility enhancers; indeed, the use of dicarboxylic acids as coformers would allow the degree of dissolution to be tuned for many of the studied drugs. The observed similarities of the cocrystallization landscapes of the studied drugs and excipients were also explored.
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45
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Yamashita H, Sun CC. Self-templating accelerates precipitation of carbamazepine dihydrate during the dissolution of a soluble carbamazepine cocrystal. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce02418a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Ganduri R, Cherukuvada S, Sarkar S, Guru Row TN. Manifestation of cocrystals and eutectics among structurally related molecules: towards understanding the factors that control their formation. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce02003h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Cole JC, Groom CR, Read MG, Giangreco I, McCabe P, Reilly AM, Shields GP. Generation of crystal structures using known crystal structures as analogues. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2016; 72:530-41. [PMID: 27484374 PMCID: PMC4971547 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520616006533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This analysis attempts to answer the question of whether similar molecules crystallize in a similar manner. An analysis of structures in the Cambridge Structural Database shows that the answer is yes - sometimes they do, particularly for single-component structures. However, one does need to define what we mean by similar in both cases. Building on this observation we then demonstrate how this correlation between shape similarity and packing similarity can be used to generate potential lattices for molecules with no known crystal structure. Simple intermolecular interaction potentials can be used to minimize these potential lattices. Finally we discuss the many limitations of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Cole
- Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 1EZ, England
| | - Colin R. Groom
- Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 1EZ, England
| | - Murray G. Read
- Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 1EZ, England
| | - Ilenia Giangreco
- Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 1EZ, England
| | - Patrick McCabe
- Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 1EZ, England
| | - Anthony M. Reilly
- Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 1EZ, England
| | - Gregory P. Shields
- Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 1EZ, England
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48
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Arhangelskis M, Eddleston MD, Reid DG, Day GM, Bučar DK, Morris AJ, Jones W. Rationalization of the Color Properties of Fluorescein in the Solid State: A Combined Computational and Experimental Study. Chemistry 2016; 22:10065-73. [PMID: 27303817 PMCID: PMC4982065 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescein is known to exist in three tautomeric forms defined as quinoid, zwitterionic, and lactoid. In the solid state, the quinoid and zwitterionic forms give rise to red and yellow materials, respectively. The lactoid form has not been crystallized pure, although its cocrystal and solvate forms exhibit colors ranging from yellow to green. An explanation for the observed colors of the crystals is found using a combination of UV/Vis spectroscopy and plane-wave DFT calculations. The role of cocrystal coformers in modifying crystal color is also established. Several new crystal structures are determined using a combination of X-ray and electron diffraction, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and crystal structure prediction (CSP). The protocol presented herein may be used to predict color properties of materials prior to their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihails Arhangelskis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Mark D Eddleston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - David G Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Graeme M Day
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Dejan-Krešimir Bučar
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - William Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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49
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Price SL, Braun DE, Reutzel-Edens SM. Can computed crystal energy landscapes help understand pharmaceutical solids? Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7065-77. [PMID: 27067116 PMCID: PMC5486446 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00721j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Computational crystal structure prediction (CSP) methods can now be applied to the smaller pharmaceutical molecules currently in drug development. We review the recent uses of computed crystal energy landscapes for pharmaceuticals, concentrating on examples where they have been used in collaboration with industrial-style experimental solid form screening. There is a strong complementarity in aiding experiment to find and characterise practically important solid forms and understanding the nature of the solid form landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Price
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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50
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Price SL, Reutzel-Edens SM. The potential of computed crystal energy landscapes to aid solid-form development. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:912-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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