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Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a type of lipid vesicles that possess a homogeneous lipid core. These vesicles are widely used in small-molecule drug and nucleic acid delivery and recently gained much attention because of their remarkable success as a delivery platform for COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Nonetheless, the utility of transient protein expression induced by mRNA extends far beyond vaccines against infectious diseases─they also hold promise as cancer vaccines, protein replacement therapies, and gene editing components for rare genetic diseases. However, naked mRNA is inherently unstable and prone to rapid degradation by nucleases and self-hydrolysis. Encapsulation of mRNA within LNPs protects mRNA from extracellular ribonucleases and assists with intracellular mRNA delivery.In this Account, we discuss the core features of LNPs for RNA delivery. We focus our attention on LNPs designed to deliver mRNA; however, we also include examples of siRNA-LNP delivery where appropriate to highlight the commonalities and the dissimilarities due to the nucleic acid structure. First, we introduce the concept of LNPs, the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing nucleic acids as therapeutic agents, and the general reasoning behind the molecular makeup of LNPs. We also briefly highlight the most recent clinical successes of LNP-based nucleic acid therapies. Second, we describe the theory and methods of LNP self-assembly. The common idea behind all of the preparation methods is inducing electrostatic interactions between the nucleic acid and charged lipids and promoting nanoparticle growth via hydrophobic interactions. Third, we break down the LNP composition with special attention to the fundamental properties and purposes of each component. This includes the identified molecular design criteria, commercial sourcing, impact on intracellular trafficking, and contribution to the properties of LNPs. One of the key components of LNPs is ionizable lipids, which initiate electrostatic binding with endosomal membranes and facilitate cytosolic release; however, the roles of other lipid components should not be disregarded, as they are associated with stability, clearance, and distribution of LNPs. Fourth, we review the attributes of LNP constructs as a whole that can heavily influence RNA delivery. These attributes are LNP size, charge, internal structure, lipid packing, lipid membrane hydration, stability, and affinity toward biomacromolecules. We also discuss the specific techniques used to examine these attributes and how they can be adjusted. Finally, we offer our perspective on the future of RNA therapies and some questions that remain in the realm of LNP formulation and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Eygeris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Mohit Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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2
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Ponti F, Campolungo M, Melchiori C, Bono N, Candiani G. Cationic lipids for gene delivery: many players, one goal. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 235:105032. [PMID: 33359210 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.105032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based carriers represent the most widely used alternative to viral vectors for gene expression and gene silencing purposes. This class of non-viral vectors is particularly attractive for their ease of synthesis and chemical modifications to endow them with desirable properties. Despite combinatorial approaches have led to the generation of a large number of cationic lipids displaying different supramolecular structures and improved behavior, additional effort is needed towards the development of more and more effective cationic lipids for transfection purposes. With this review, we seek to highlight the great progress made in the design of each and every constituent domain of cationic lipids, that is, the chemical structure of the headgroup, linker and hydrophobic moieties, and on the specific effect on the assembly with nucleic acids. Since the complexity of such systems is known to affect their performances, the role of formulation, stability and phase behavior on the transfection efficiency of such assemblies will be thoroughly discussed. Our objective is to provide a conceptual framework for the development of ever more performing lipid gene delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ponti
- GenT LΛB, Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy; Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair I in Biomaterials and Bioengineering for the Innovation in Surgery, Dept. Min-Met-Materials Engineering, Research Center of CHU de Quebec, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Matilde Campolungo
- GenT LΛB, Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Melchiori
- GenT LΛB, Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Nina Bono
- GenT LΛB, Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Candiani
- GenT LΛB, Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Heitz M, Zamolo S, Javor S, Reymond JL. Fluorescent Peptide Dendrimers for siRNA Transfection: Tracking pH Responsive Aggregation, siRNA Binding, and Cell Penetration. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1671-1684. [PMID: 32421327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transfecting nucleic acids into various cells is a key procedure in biological research also envisioned for therapeutic applications. In our effort to obtain simple reagents that would be readily accessible from commercial building blocks, we recently reported peptide dendrimers as single component siRNA transfection reagents accessible in pure form by solid-phase peptide synthesis. Here, we extend our studies of these dendrimers by identifying analogs bearing a coumarin or BODIPY fluorescent label in their core and displaying comparable siRNA transfection efficiencies, pH dependent aggregation, siRNA binding, and secondary structures. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) studies show that the dendrimers are tightly associated with siRNA within the formed nanoparticles at pH 7.4 but are released into solution at pH 5.0 and can participate in endosome escape by destabilizing the membrane at this pH value. Colocalization studies furthermore suggest that peptide dendrimers and siRNA remain tightly associated throughout the transfection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Heitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susanna Zamolo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sacha Javor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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4
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Loseva AA, Budanova UA, Sebyakin YL. Synthesis of New Guanidine-Containing Amphiphiles and Their Pyrene Analog for Liposomal Delivery Systems and Visualization in Target Cells. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428019120030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Qu X, Hu Y, Wang H, Song H, Young M, Xu F, Liu Y, Cheng G. Biomimetic Dextran–Peptide Vectors for Efficient and Safe siRNA Delivery. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:1456-1463. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Qu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huifeng Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Haiqing Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Megan Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Fujian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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6
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Malfanti A, Mastrotto F, Han Y, Král P, Balasso A, Scomparin A, Pozzi S, Satchi-Fainaro R, Salmaso S, Caliceti P. Novel Oligo-Guanidyl-PEG Carrier Forming Rod-Shaped Polyplexes. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1678-1693. [PMID: 30860853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel unconventional supramolecular oligo-cationic structure (Agm6-M-PEG-OCH3) has been synthesized to yield high efficiency therapeutic oligonucleotide (ON) delivery. Agm6-M-PEG-OCH3 was obtained by a multistep protocol that included the conjugation of agmatine (Agm) moieties to maltotriose (M), which was further derivatized with one poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain. Gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the 19 base pairs dsDNA model ON completely associates with Agm6-M-PEG-OCH3 at 3 N/P molar ratio, which is in agreement with the in silico molecular predictions. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) analyses showed that the Agm6-M-PEG-OCH3/ON association occurs through a combination of mechanisms depending on the N/P ratios resulting in different nanostructures. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the Agm6-M-PEG-OCH3/ON polyplexes have rod-shape structure with a mean diameter of 50-75 nm and aspect ratio depending on the N/P ratio. The polyplexes were stable over time in buffer, while a slight size increase was observed in the presence of serum proteins. Cell culture studies showed that neither Agm6-M-PEG-OCH3 nor polyplexes displayed cytotoxic effects. Cellular uptake depended on the cell line and polyplex composition: cellular internalization was higher in the case of MCF-7 and KB cells compared to MC3T3-E1 cells and polyplexes with smaller aspect ratio were taken-up by cells more efficiently than polyplexes with higher aspect ratio. Finally, preliminary studies showed that our novel carrier efficiently delivered ONs into cells providing gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Malfanti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , Via F. Marzolo 5 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , Via F. Marzolo 5 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Yanxiao Han
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States.,Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | - Anna Balasso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , Via F. Marzolo 5 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Anna Scomparin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine , Tel Aviv University 69978 Tel Aviv , Israel.,Department of Drug Science and Technology , University of Turin , Via P. Giuria 9 , 10125 Turin , Italy
| | - Sabina Pozzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine , Tel Aviv University 69978 Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine , Tel Aviv University 69978 Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , Via F. Marzolo 5 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , Via F. Marzolo 5 35131 Padova , Italy
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7
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Effect of lipopeptide structure on gene delivery system properties: Evaluation in 2D and 3D in vitro models. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 167:328-336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Zhao YN, Piao YZ, Zhang CM, Jiang YM, Liu A, Cui SH, Zhi DF, Zhen YH, Zhang SB. Replacement of quaternary ammonium headgroups by tri-ornithine in cationic lipids for the improvement of gene delivery in vitro and in vivo. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7963-7973. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01915g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of quaternary ammonium headgroups by tri-ornithine in lipids improved gene delivery in vitro and in vivo with little toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. N. Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Y. Z. Piao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
| | - C. M. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Y. M. Jiang
- College of Phamacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - A. Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
| | - S. H. Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
| | - D. F. Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Y. H. Zhen
- College of Phamacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - S. B. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
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9
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Turetskiy E, Koloskova O, Nosova A, Shilovskiy I, Sebyakin Y, Khaitov M. Physicochemical properties of lipopeptide-based liposomes and their complexes with siRNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 63:472-475. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20176305472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
siRNA/cationic liposome complexes are efficient systems for transmembrane delivery. The aim of this study was to prepare a novel complex consisted of lipotripeptide OrnOrnGlu(C16H33)2 and siRNA molecule and examined their physicochemical properties. Electron microscopy study has shown that the siRNA/liposome complex (m/m 1/10) tends to form sandwich-like structures that may protect nucleic acid from nuclease degradation. Photon correlation spectroscopy data indicate that the particle size increased after siRNA adding, but did not exceed 300 nm in diameter, while z-potential of lipoplexes decreased from 22 mV to 14 mV, compared to the empty liposomes thus indicating positive charge neutralization by negatively charged siRNA. These data allow to hypothesize that such size and total positive charge could provide efficient cellular uptake by endocytosis. That may have good prospects for gene silencing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.A. Turetskiy
- NRC Institute of Immunology, Moscow, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - O.O. Koloskova
- NRC Institute of Immunology, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Technological University (campus MITHT), Moscow, Russia
| | - A.S. Nosova
- NRC Institute of Immunology, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Technological University (campus MITHT), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yu.L. Sebyakin
- Moscow Technological University (campus MITHT), Moscow, Russia
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10
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Jiang Q, Yue D, Nie Y, Xu X, He Y, Zhang S, Wagner E, Gu Z. Specially-Made Lipid-Based Assemblies for Improving Transmembrane Gene Delivery: Comparison of Basic Amino Acid Residue Rich Periphery. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1809-21. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Dong Yue
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yu Nie
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xianghui Xu
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yiyan He
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Shiyong Zhang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Center
for Drug Research, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology-Biotechnology,
and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, P. R. China
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11
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Dasgupta A. Exploring architectures at the nanoscale: the interplay between hydrophobic twin lipid chains and head groups of designer peptide amphiphiles in the self-assembly process and application. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:4352-4360. [PMID: 27079384 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00147e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of peptide amphiphiles (PAs) is found to be governed by the hydrophobic interactions induced by the hydrophobic groups/number of alkyl chains and the hydrophilic head groups. In this study, an assessment of the nanostructures formed by the self-assembly of simple twin chained PAs was carried out and compared to their single chain/short analogues. The spectroscopic and microscopic analysis revealed the fact that the twin chained amphiphiles had a high inclination to form β-sheet nanofibers and further towards hydrogelation. The mixture of twin chained PAs also exhibited cooperative self-assembly with improved aggregation behavior, although not much augmentation in β-type structuring was found. In contrast, the single chain/short analogue containing PAs showed very less of β-sheet type structures to a lesser extent and no hydrogelating behavior but resulted in mostly random conformations. The increase in the number or alteration of polar head groups in double chained PAs induced higher extent of β-type conformation and better gelling capability due to the combined hydrophobic effect of the twin chains. The overall results delineated the dominance of hydrophobic interactions. Finally, calcium phosphate bio-mineralization was done in the hydrogels of twin chained PAs with the aim of developing future biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam - 781039, India.
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12
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Draghici B, Ilies MA. Synthetic Nucleic Acid Delivery Systems: Present and Perspectives. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4091-130. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500330k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Draghici
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Marc A. Ilies
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
- Temple Materials Institute, 1803 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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13
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Gehin C, Montenegro J, Bang EK, Cajaraville A, Takayama S, Hirose H, Futaki S, Matile S, Riezman H. Dynamic Amphiphile Libraries To Screen for the “Fragrant” Delivery of siRNA into HeLa Cells and Human Primary Fibroblasts. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:9295-8. [PMID: 23767803 DOI: 10.1021/ja404153m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Gehin
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Javier Montenegro
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eun-Kyoung Bang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ana Cajaraville
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shota Takayama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Hirose
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Stefan Matile
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Howard Riezman
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Aytar BS, Muller JPE, Kondo Y, Talmon Y, Abbott NL, Lynn DM. Redox-based control of the transformation and activation of siRNA complexes in extracellular environments using ferrocenyl lipids. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:9111-20. [PMID: 23701636 DOI: 10.1021/ja403546b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report physical characterization and biological evaluation of complexes of small interfering RNA (siRNA) formed using a cationic lipid [bis(11-ferrocenylundecyl)dimethylammonium bromide (BFDMA)] containing redox-active ferrocenyl groups at the end of each hydrophobic tail. We demonstrate that control over the redox state of BFDMA can be used to influence key physical properties and control the activities of lipoplexes formed using siRNA-based constructs. Specifically, lipoplexes of siRNA and reduced BFDMA lead to high levels of sequence-specific gene silencing in cells, but lipoplexes formed using oxidized BFDMA do not. Lipoplexes of oxidized BFDMA can be activated in situ to induce high levels of silencing by addition of a chemical reducing agent, demonstrating a basis for external control over the activation/delivery of siRNA in cellular environments. Differences in activity arise from the inability of oxidized BFDMA to promote efficient internalization of siRNA; these differences also correlated to significant differences in the nanostructures of these lipoplexes (determined by cryo-TEM) and their ζ potentials as a function of oxidation state. These results are considered in view of recent studies characterizing the nanostructures, properties, and behaviors of lipoplexes formed using BFDMA and macromolecular plasmid DNA. We find that several key structural features and aspects of redox control observed for lipoplexes of plasmid DNA are maintained in complexes formed using smaller and more rigid siRNA. The ability to transform BFDMA in complex media presents opportunities to exert control over the nanostructures and behaviors of siRNA lipoplexes in ways not possible using conventional lipids. The approaches reported here could thus prove useful in both fundamental and applied contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu S Aytar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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