1
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Controlled synthesis of PEGylated polyelectrolyte nanogels as efficient protein carriers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 620:322-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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2
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Ban E, Kim A. Coacervates: recent developments as nanostructure delivery platforms for therapeutic biomolecules. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122058. [PMID: 35905931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Coacervation is a liquid-liquid phase separation that can occur in solutions of macromolecules through self-assembly or electrostatic interactions. Recently, coacervates composed of biocompatible macromolecules have been actively investigated as nanostructure platforms to encapsulate and deliver biomolecules such as proteins, RNAs, and DNAs. One particular advantage of coacervates is that they are derived from aqueous solutions, unlike other nanoparticle delivery systems that often require organic solvents. In addition, coacervates achieve high loading while maintaining the viability of the cargo material. Here, we review recent developments in the applications of coacervates and their limitations in the delivery of therapeutic biomolecules. Important factors for coacervation include molecular structures of the polyelectrolytes, mixing ratio, the concentration of polyelectrolytes, and reaction conditions such as ionic strength, pH, and temperature. Various compositions of coacervates have been shown to deliver biomolecules in vitro and in vivo with encouraging activities. However, major hurdles remain for the systemic route of administration other than topical or local delivery. The scale-up of manufacturing methods suitable for preclinical and clinical evaluations remains to be addressed. We conclude with a few research directions to overcome current challenges, which may lead to successful translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunmi Ban
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Aeri Kim
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea.
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3
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Kembaren R, Kleijn JM, Borst JW, Kamperman M, Hofman AH. Enhanced stability of complex coacervate core micelles following different core-crosslinking strategies. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3052-3062. [PMID: 35363245 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00088a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Complex coacervate core micelles (C3Ms) are formed by mixing aqueous solutions of a charged (bio)macromolecule with an oppositely charged-neutral hydrophilic diblock copolymer. The stability of these structures is dependent on the ionic strength of the solution; above a critical ionic strength, the micelles will completely disintegrate. This instability at high ionic strengths is the main drawback for their application in, e.g., drug delivery systems or protein protection. In addition, the stability of C3Ms composed of weak polyelectrolytes is pH-dependent as well. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of covalent crosslinking of the complex coacervate core to improve the stability of C3Ms. We studied the formation of C3Ms using a quaternized and amine-functionalized cationic-neutral diblock copolymer, poly(2-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (QP2VP-b-PEO), and an anionic homopolymer, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). Two different core-crosslinking strategies were employed that resulted in crosslinks between both types of polyelectrolyte chains in the core (i.e., between QP2VP and PAA) or in crosslinks between polyelectrolyte chains of the same type only (i.e., QP2VP). For these two strategies we used the crosslinkers 1-ethyl-3-(3'-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and dimethyl-3,3'-dithiopropionimidate dihydrochloride (DTBP), respectively. EDC provides permanent crosslinks, while DTBP crosslinks can be broken by a reducing agent. Dynamic light scattering showed that both approaches significantly improved the stability of C3Ms against salt and pH changes. Furthermore, reduction of the disulphide bridges in the DTBP core-crosslinked micelles largely restored the original salt-stability profile. Therefore, this feature provides an excellent starting point for the application of C3Ms in controlled release formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riahna Kembaren
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Microspectroscopy Research Facility, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Mieke Kleijn
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Borst
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Microspectroscopy Research Facility, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kamperman
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anton H Hofman
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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4
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Magana JR, Sproncken CCM, Voets IK. On Complex Coacervate Core Micelles: Structure-Function Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1953. [PMID: 32872312 PMCID: PMC7565781 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The co-assembly of ionic-neutral block copolymers with oppositely charged species produces nanometric colloidal complexes, known, among other names, as complex coacervates core micelles (C3Ms). C3Ms are of widespread interest in nanomedicine for controlled delivery and release, whilst research activity into other application areas, such as gelation, catalysis, nanoparticle synthesis, and sensing, is increasing. In this review, we discuss recent studies on the functional roles that C3Ms can fulfil in these and other fields, focusing on emerging structure-function relations and remaining knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilja K. Voets
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (J.R.M.); (C.C.M.S.)
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5
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Kembaren R, Fokkink R, Westphal AH, Kamperman M, Kleijn JM, Borst JW. Balancing Enzyme Encapsulation Efficiency and Stability in Complex Coacervate Core Micelles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:8494-8502. [PMID: 32598154 PMCID: PMC7467766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation of charged proteins into complex coacervate core micelles (C3Ms) can be accomplished by mixing them with oppositely charged diblock copolymers. However, these micelles tend to disintegrate at high ionic strength. Previous research showed that the addition of a homopolymer with the same charge sign as the protein improved the stability of protein-containing C3Ms. In this research, we used fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to study how the addition of the homopolymer affects the encapsulation efficiency and salt stability of the micelles. We studied the encapsulation of laccase spore coat protein A (CotA), a multicopper oxidase, using a strong cationic-neutral diblock copolymer, poly(N-methyl-2-vinyl-pyridinium iodide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PM2VP128-b-PEO477), and a negatively charged homopolymer, poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS215). DLS indeed showed an improved stability of this three-component C3M system against the addition of salt compared to a two-component system. Remarkably, FCS showed that the release of CotA from a three-component C3M system occurred at a lower salt concentration and over a narrower concentration range than the dissociation of C3Ms. In conclusion, although the addition of the homopolymer to the system leads to micelles with a higher salt stability, CotA is excluded from the C3Ms already at lower ionic strengths because the homopolymer acts as a competitor of the enzyme for encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riahna Kembaren
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University
and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Microspectroscopy Research Facility, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708
WE Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Remco Fokkink
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University
and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Adrie H. Westphal
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Microspectroscopy Research Facility, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708
WE Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kamperman
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Research, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J. Mieke Kleijn
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University
and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Borst
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Microspectroscopy Research Facility, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708
WE Wageningen, Netherlands
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6
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Blocher McTigue WC, Perry SL. Protein Encapsulation Using Complex Coacervates: What Nature Has to Teach Us. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907671. [PMID: 32363758 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein encapsulation is a growing area of interest, particularly in the fields of food science and medicine. The sequestration of protein cargoes is achieved using a variety of methods, each with benefits and drawbacks. One of the most significant challenges associated with protein encapsulation is achieving high loading while maintaining protein viability. This difficulty is exacerbated because many encapsulant systems require the use of organic solvents. By contrast, nature has optimized strategies to compartmentalize and protect proteins inside the cell-a purely aqueous environment. Although the mechanisms whereby aspects of the cytosol is able to stabilize proteins are unknown, the crowded nature of many newly discovered, liquid phase separated "membraneless organelles" that achieve protein compartmentalization suggests that the material environment surrounding the protein may be critical in determining stability. Here, encapsulation strategies based on liquid-liquid phase separation, and complex coacervation in particular, which has many of the key features of the cytoplasm as a material, are reviewed. The literature on protein encapsulation via coacervation is also reviewed and the parameters relevant to creating protein-containing coacervate formulations are discussed. Additionally, potential opportunities associated with the creation of tailored materials to better facilitate protein encapsulation and stabilization are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah L Perry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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7
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Facciotti C, Saggiomo V, van Hurne S, Bunschoten A, Kaup R, Velders AH. Oxidant-responsive ferrocene-based cyclodextrin complex coacervate core micelles. Supramol Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2019.1685094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Facciotti
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vittorio Saggiomo
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon van Hurne
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Bunschoten
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca Kaup
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aldrik H. Velders
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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8
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Heo TY, Kim I, Chen L, Lee E, Lee S, Choi SH. Effect of Ionic Group on the Complex Coacervate Core Micelle Structure. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E455. [PMID: 30960439 PMCID: PMC6473896 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pairs of ionic group dependence of the structure of a complex coacervate core micelle (C3M) in an aqueous solution was investigated using DLS, cryo-TEM, and SANS with a contrast matching technique and a detailed model analysis. Block copolyelectrolytes were prepared by introducing an ionic group (i.e., ammonium, guanidinium, carboxylate, and sulfonate) to poly(ethylene oxide-b-allyl glycidyl ether) (NPEO = 227 and NPAGE = 52), and C3Ms were formed by simple mixing of two oppositely-charged block copolyelectrolyte solutions with the exactly same degree of polymerization. All four C3Ms are spherical with narrow distribution of micelle dimension, and the cores are significantly swollen by water, resulting in relatively low brush density of PEO chains on the core surface. With the pair of strong polyelectrolytes, core radius and aggregation number increases, which reflects that the formation of complex coacervates are significantly sensitive to the pairs of ionic groups rather than simple charge pairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Young Heo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Korea.
| | - Inhye Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Liwen Chen
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Eunji Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea.
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Soo-Hyung Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Korea.
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9
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Facciotti C, Saggiomo V, Bunschoten A, Fokkink R, Hove JBT, Wang J, Velders AH. Cyclodextrin-based complex coacervate core micelles with tuneable supramolecular host-guest, metal-to-ligand and charge interactions. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:9542-9549. [PMID: 30357241 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01504j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Micelles have been recognized as versatile platforms for different biomedical applications, from bioimaging to drug delivery. Complex coacervate core micelles present great advantages compared to traditional micelles, however controlling the number of charges per core-unit and the stability is still a challenge. We here present cyclodextrin-based complex coacervate core micelles where the charge per core-unit can be straightforwardly tuned by cyclodextrin host-guest interactions. By varying the ratio between two adamantane guest molecules, 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid and 1,3-adamantanediacetic acid, the charge of the monomeric core-units can be finely tuned from 6- to 9-. By adding an adamantane bislinker, monomeric core-units can be combined together in dimeric and polymeric structures, increasing the micelles' stability. The orthogonal supramolecular host-guest and coordination-chemistry allows for well-controlled cyclodextrin-based complex coacervate core micelles that offer a versatile platform for designing future, e.g., responsive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Facciotti
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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10
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Nolles A, Hooiveld E, Westphal AH, van Berkel WJH, Kleijn JM, Borst JW. FRET Reveals the Formation and Exchange Dynamics of Protein-Containing Complex Coacervate Core Micelles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12083-12092. [PMID: 30212214 PMCID: PMC6209312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The encapsulation of proteins into complex coacervate core micelles (C3Ms) is of potential interest for a wide range of applications. To address the stability and dynamic properties of these polyelectrolyte complexes, combinations of cyan, yellow, and blue fluorescent proteins were encapsulated with cationic-neutral diblock copolymer poly(2-methyl-vinyl-pyridinium)128- b-poly(ethylene-oxide)477. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) allowed us to determine the kinetics of C3M formation and of protein exchange between C3Ms. Both processes follow first-order kinetics with relaxation times of ±100 s at low ionic strength ( I = 2.5 mM). Stability studies revealed that 50% of FRET was lost at I = 20 mM, pointing to the disintegration of the C3Ms. On the basis of experimental and theoretical considerations, we propose that C3Ms relax to their final state by association and dissociation of near-neutral soluble protein-polymer complexes. To obtain protein-containing C3Ms suitable for applications, it is necessary to improve the rigidity and salt stability of these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antsje Nolles
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter,
and MicroSpectroscopy Centre
Wageningen, Wageningen University &
Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellard Hooiveld
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter,
and MicroSpectroscopy Centre
Wageningen, Wageningen University &
Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adrie H. Westphal
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter,
and MicroSpectroscopy Centre
Wageningen, Wageningen University &
Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J. H. van Berkel
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter,
and MicroSpectroscopy Centre
Wageningen, Wageningen University &
Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Mieke Kleijn
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter,
and MicroSpectroscopy Centre
Wageningen, Wageningen University &
Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Borst
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter,
and MicroSpectroscopy Centre
Wageningen, Wageningen University &
Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Biller JR, Barnes R, Han S. Perspective of Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization for the study of soft materials. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Blocher WC, Perry SL. Complex coacervate-based materials for biomedicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney C. Blocher
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA USA
| | - Sarah L. Perry
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA USA
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13
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Rudolph T, Schacher FH. Selective crosslinking or addressing of individual domains within block copolymer nanostructures. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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14
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Bourouina N, de Kort DW, Hoeben FJM, Janssen HM, Van As H, Hohlbein J, van Duynhoven JPM, Kleijn JM. Complex Coacervate Core Micelles with Spectroscopic Labels for Diffusometric Probing of Biopolymer Networks. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:12635-43. [PMID: 26535962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We present the design, preparation, and characterization of two types of complex coacervate core micelles (C3Ms) with cross-linked cores and spectroscopic labels and demonstrate their use as diffusional probes to investigate the microstructure of percolating biopolymer networks. The first type consists of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(methacrylic acid) (PEO-b-PMAA), labeled with ATTO 488 fluorescent dyes. We show that the size of these probes can be tuned by choosing the length of the PEO-PMAA chains. ATTO 488-labeled PEO113-PMAA15 micelles are very bright with 18 dye molecules incorporated into their cores. The second type is a (19)F-labeled micelle, for which we used PAH and a (19)F-labeled diblock copolymer tailor-made from poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(acrylic acid) (mPEO79-b-PAA14). These micelles contain approximately 4 wt % of (19)F and can be detected by (19)F NMR. The (19)F labels are placed at the end of a small spacer to allow for the necessary rotational mobility. We used these ATTO- and (19)F-labeled micelles to probe the microstructures of a transient gel (xanthan gum) and a cross-linked, heterogeneous gel (κ-carrageenan). For the transient gel, sensitive optical diffusometry methods, including fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and super-resolution single nanoparticle tracking, allowed us to measure the diffusion coefficient in networks with increasing density. From these measurements, we determined the diameters of the constituent xanthan fibers. In the heterogeneous κ-carrageenan gels, bimodal nanoparticle diffusion was observed, which is a signpost of microstructural heterogeneity of the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bourouina
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 8038, 6700 EK Wageningen, The Netherlands
- TI-COAST, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daan W de Kort
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
- TI-COAST, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Freek J M Hoeben
- SyMO-Chem B.V., Het Kraneveld 4, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- TI-COAST, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M Janssen
- SyMO-Chem B.V., Het Kraneveld 4, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- TI-COAST, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Van As
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
- TI-COAST, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Hohlbein
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John P M van Duynhoven
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Unilever R&D, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
- TI-COAST, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Mieke Kleijn
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 8038, 6700 EK Wageningen, The Netherlands
- TI-COAST, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Noh M, Kang S, Mok Y, Choi SJ, Park J, Kingma J, Seo JH, Lee Y. Upper critical solution temperature (UCST) phase transition of halide salts of branched polyethylenimine and methylated branched polyethylenimine in aqueous solutions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 52:509-12. [PMID: 26530336 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08005c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The upper critical solution temperature (UCST) phase transition of halide salts of branched polyethylenimine (PEI) and methylated branched polyethylenimine (MPEI) is first reported in aqueous solutions. In particular, iodide counter-ions can introduce UCST properties in MPEI. The importance of the counter-ion composition of MPEI for UCST transition is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwoo Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Einhorn-Stoll U, Drusch S. Methods for investigation of diffusion processes and biopolymer physics in food gels. Curr Opin Food Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Nolles A, Westphal AH, de Hoop JA, Fokkink RG, Kleijn JM, van Berkel WJH, Borst JW. Encapsulation of GFP in Complex Coacervate Core Micelles. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1542-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antsje Nolles
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, ‡Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter,
and §MicroSpectroscopy Centre
Wageningen, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adrie H. Westphal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, ‡Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter,
and §MicroSpectroscopy Centre
Wageningen, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob A. de Hoop
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, ‡Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter,
and §MicroSpectroscopy Centre
Wageningen, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Remco G. Fokkink
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, ‡Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter,
and §MicroSpectroscopy Centre
Wageningen, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Mieke Kleijn
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, ‡Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter,
and §MicroSpectroscopy Centre
Wageningen, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J. H. van Berkel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, ‡Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter,
and §MicroSpectroscopy Centre
Wageningen, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Borst
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, ‡Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter,
and §MicroSpectroscopy Centre
Wageningen, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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de Kort DW, van Duynhoven JP, Van As H, Mariette F. Nanoparticle diffusometry for quantitative assessment of submicron structure in food biopolymer networks. Trends Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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