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Boffoli D, Bellato F, Avancini G, Gurnani P, Yilmaz G, Romero M, Robertson S, Moret F, Sandrelli F, Caliceti P, Salmaso S, Cámara M, Mantovani G, Mastrotto F. Tobramycin-loaded complexes to prevent and disrupt Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1788-1810. [PMID: 34841492 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-based materials are increasingly investigated for a range of applications spanning from healthcare to advanced functional materials. Synthetic glycopolymers are particularly attractive as they possess low toxicity and immunogenicity and can be used as multivalent ligands to target sugar-binding proteins (lectins). Here, we utilised RAFT polymerisation to synthesize two families of novel diblock copolymers consisting of a glycopolymers block containing either mannopyranose or galactopyranose pendant units, which was elongated with sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate (AMPS) to generate a polyanionic block. The latter enabled complexation of cationic aminoglycoside antibiotic tobramycin through electrostatic interactions (loading efficiency in the 0.5-6.3 wt% range, depending on the copolymer). The resulting drug vectors were characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta-potential, and transmission electron microscopy. Tobramycin-loaded complexes were tested for their ability to prevent clustering or disrupt biofilm of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gram-negative bacterium responsible for a large proportion of nosocomial infection, especially in immunocompromised patients. P. aeruginosa possesses two specific tetrameric carbohydrate-binding adhesins, LecA (PA-IL, galactose/N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-binding) and LecB (PA-IIL, fucose/mannose-binding), and the cell-associated and extracellular adhesin CdrA (Psl/mannose-binding) thus ideally suited for targeted drug delivery using sugar-decorated tobramycin-loaded complexes here developed. Both aliphatic and aromatic linkers were utilised to link the sugar pendant units to the polyacrylamide polymer backbone to assess the effect of the nature of such linkers on bactericidal/bacteriostatic properties of the complexes. Results showed that tobramycin-loaded complexes efficiently suppressed (40 to 60% of inhibition) in vitro biofilm formation in PAO1-L P. aeruginosa and that preferential targeting of PAO1-L biofilm can be achieved using mannosylated glycopolymer-b-AMPSm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Boffoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Bellato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Greta Avancini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Shaun Robertson
- School of Life Sciences, Nottingham University Biodiscovery Institute, National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Francesca Moret
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.,School of Life Sciences, Nottingham University Biodiscovery Institute, National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Federica Sandrelli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Miguel Cámara
- School of Life Sciences, Nottingham University Biodiscovery Institute, National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Giuseppe Mantovani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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2
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Mastrotto F, Brazzale C, Bellato F, De Martin S, Grange G, Mahmoudzadeh M, Magarkar A, Bunker A, Salmaso S, Caliceti P. In Vitro and in Vivo Behavior of Liposomes Decorated with PEGs with Different Chemical Features. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:472-487. [PMID: 31789523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The colloidal stability, in vitro toxicity, cell association, and in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior of liposomes decorated with monomethoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-lipids (mPEG-lipids) with different chemical features were comparatively investigated. Structural differences of the mPEG-lipids used in the study included: (a) surface-anchoring moiety [1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE), cholesterol (Chol), and cholane (Chln)]; (b) mPEG molecular weight (2 kDa mPEG45 and 5 kDa mPEG114); and (c) mPEG shape (linear and branched PEG). In vitro results demonstrated that branched (mPEG114)2-DSPE confers the highest stealth properties to liposomes (∼31-fold lower cell association than naked liposomes) with respect to all PEGylating agents tested. However, the pharmacokinetic studies showed that the use of cholesterol as anchoring group yields PEGylated liposomes with longer permeance in the circulation and higher systemic bioavailability among the tested formulations. Liposomes decorated with mPEG114-Chol had 3.2- and ∼2.1-fold higher area under curve (AUC) than naked liposomes and branched (mPEG114)2-DSPE-coated liposomes, respectively, which reflects the high stability of this coating agent. By comparing the PEGylating agents with same size, namely, linear 5 kDa PEG derivatives, linear mPEG114-DSPE yielded coated liposomes with the best in vitro stealth performance. Nevertheless, the in vivo AUC of liposomes decorated with linear mPEG114-DSPE was lower than that obtained with liposomes decorated with linear mPEG114-Chol. Computational molecular dynamics modeling provided additional insights that complement the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , via F. Marzolo 5 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Chiara Brazzale
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , via F. Marzolo 5 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Federica Bellato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , via F. Marzolo 5 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , via F. Marzolo 5 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Guillaume Grange
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Mohamad Mahmoudzadeh
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Aniket Magarkar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Academy of the Sciences of the Czech Republic , 166 10 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Alex Bunker
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , via F. Marzolo 5 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , via F. Marzolo 5 , 35131 Padova , Italy
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Fatty acid conjugated pyridinium cationic amphiphiles as antibacterial agents and self-assembling nano carriers. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 214:1-10. [PMID: 29730266 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Most of the bacteria are on the verge of becoming resistant to available potential antibiotics. Novel approaches to combat these drug resistant bacteria are turning out to be crucial. This study aimed to synthesize novel fatty acid based cationic amphiphiles (FCA) that would serve as nano-drug carrier having intrinsic antibacterial activity. Three fatty acids oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid based cationic amphiphiles were synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity. The application in the delivery of vancomycin (VCM) was demonstrated using oleic based cationic amphiphilic (OCA). OCA was self-assembled in aqueous media to prepare VCM loaded OCA vesicles. The particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency were found to be 132.9 ± 2.5 nm, 0.167 ± 0.02, 18.9 ± 1.2 mV and 61.24 ± 1.8% respectively. The images from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the vesicles were spherical and bilayered. The release of VCM from OCA vesicles was sustained throughout the studied period of 72 h. From in vitro studies, a significant antibacterial activity was observed for all three FCAs and it was found that, VCM loaded OCA vesicles displayed indifference and synergism against Gram positive methicillin susceptible and resistant staphylococcus aureus respectively (MRSA). In contrast to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of VCM against Gram negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), the synthesized FCAs were more potent against both the strains, further there was no synergism observed against either of the strains when VCM was encapsulated in OCA vesicles. The synergism against MRSA was further confirmed in in vivo studies using mouse infection model. These findings therefore suggest that, FCAs can make promising nano-carrier systems for the delivery of antibiotics to treat infections caused by multi drug resistant bacteria.
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Brazzale C, Mastrotto F, Moody P, Watson PD, Balasso A, Malfanti A, Mantovani G, Caliceti P, Alexander C, Jones AT, Salmaso S. Control of targeting ligand display by pH-responsive polymers on gold nanoparticles mediates selective entry into cancer cells. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11137-11147. [PMID: 28745764 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02595e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Selective targeting of cells for intracellular delivery of therapeutics represents a major challenge for pharmaceutical intervention in disease. Here we show pH-triggered receptor-mediated endocytosis of nanoparticles via surface ligand exposure. Gold nanoparticles were decorated with two polymers: a 2 kDa PEG with a terminal folate targeting ligand, and a di-block copolymer including a pH-responsive and a hydrophilic block. At the normal serum pH of 7.4, the pH-responsive block (apparent pKa of 7.1) displayed a hydrophilic extended conformation, shielding the PEG-folate ligands, which inhibited cellular uptake of the nanoparticles. Under pH conditions resembling those of the extracellular matrix around solid tumours (pH 6.5), protonation of the pH-responsive polymer triggered a coil-to-globule polymer chain contraction, exposing folate residues on the PEG chains. In line with this, endocytosis of folate-decorated polymer-coated gold nanoparticles in cancer cells overexpressing folate receptor was significantly increased at pH 6.5, compared with pH 7.4. Thus, the tumour acidic environment and high folate receptor expression were effectively exploited to activate cell binding and endocytosis of these nanoparticles. These data provide proof-of-concept for strategies enabling extracellular pH stimuli to selectively enhance cellular uptake of drug delivery vectors and their associated therapeutic cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brazzale
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Liu X, Yang Y, Urban MW. Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28497535 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that stimuli-responsive nanomaterials have become significantly critical components of modern materials design and technological developments. Recent advances in synthesis and fabrication of stimuli-responsive polymeric nanoparticles with built-in stimuli-responsive components (Part A) and surface modifications of functional nanoparticles that facilitate responsiveness (Part B) are outlined here. The synthesis and construction of stimuli-responsive spherical, core-shell, concentric, hollow, Janus, gibbous/inverse gibbous, and cocklebur morphologies are discussed in Part A, with the focus on shape, color, or size changes resulting from external stimuli. Although inorganic/metallic nanoparticles exhibit many useful properties, including thermal or electrical conductivity, catalytic activity, or magnetic properties, their assemblies and formation of higher order constructs are often enhanced by surface modifications. Section B focuses on selected surface reactions that lead to responsiveness achieved by decorating nanoparticles with stimuli-responsive polymers. Although grafting-to and grafting-from dominate these synthetic efforts, there are opportunities for developing novel synthetic approaches facilitating controllable recognition, signaling, or sequential responses. Many nanotechnologies utilize a combination of organic and inorganic phases to produce ceramic or metallic nanoparticles. One can envision the development of new properties by combining inorganic (metals, metal oxides) and organic (polymer) phases into one nanoparticle designated as "ceramers" (inorganics) and "metamers" (metallic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Marek W Urban
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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Mastrotto F, Breen AF, Sicilia G, Murdan S, Johnstone AD, Marsh GE, Grainger-Boultby C, Russell NA, Alexander C, Mantovani G. One-pot RAFT and fast polymersomes assembly: a ‘beeline’ from monomers to drug-loaded nanovectors. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01292b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A ‘fast RAFT’ strategy that allows the engineering of drug-containing polymer vesicles in only a few hours, starting from functional monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. F. Breen
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- UK
| | - G. Sicilia
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- UK
| | - S. Murdan
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- UCL School of Pharmacy
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - A. D. Johnstone
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham NG7 2RD
- UK
| | - G. E. Marsh
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- UK
| | | | - N. A. Russell
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham NG7 2RD
- UK
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Marques NDN, Maia AMDS, Balaban RDC. Development of dual-sensitive smart polymers by grafting chitosan with poly ( N-isopropylacrylamide): an overview. POLIMEROS 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.1744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Woappi YL, Jangiti R, Singh OV. Synthetic immunosurveillance systems: nanodevices to monitor physiological events. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 61:152-64. [PMID: 24874659 PMCID: PMC7065416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The field of nanotechnology has recently seen vast advancements in its applications for therapeutic strategy. This technological revolution has led way to nanomedicine, which spurred the development of clever drug delivery designs and ingenious nanovehicles for the monitoring of cellular events in vivo. The clinical implementations of this technology are innumerable and have demonstrated utility as diagnostic tools and fortifying machineries for the mammalian immune system. Recently engineered viral vectors and multi-subunit packaging RNAs have verified stable enough for long-term existence in the physiological environment and therefore reveal unique potential as artificial immunosurveillance devices. Physiological and pathological events recorded by nanodevices could help develop "biocatalogs" of patients' infection history, frequency of disease, and much more. In this article, we introduce a novel design concept for a multilayer synthetic immune network parallel to the natural immune system; an artificial network of continuously patrolling nanodevices incorporated in the blood and lymphatic systems, and adapted for molecular event recording, anomaly detection, drug delivery, and gene silencing. We also aim to discuss the approaches and advances recently reported in nanomedicine, especially as it pertains to promising viral and RNA-based nanovehicles and their prospective applications for the development of a synthetic immunosurveillance system (SIS). Alternative suggestions and limitations of these technologies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvon L Woappi
- Division of Biological and Health Sciences, 300 Campus Drive, University of Pittsburgh, Bradford, PA 16701, USA
| | - Rahul Jangiti
- Division of Physical and Computational Sciences, 300 Campus Drive, University of Pittsburgh, Bradford, PA 16701, USA
| | - Om V Singh
- Division of Biological and Health Sciences, 300 Campus Drive, University of Pittsburgh, Bradford, PA 16701, USA.
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Bersani S, Vila-Caballer M, Brazzale C, Barattin M, Salmaso S. pH-sensitive stearoyl-PEG-poly(methacryloyl sulfadimethoxine) decorated liposomes for the delivery of gemcitabine to cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:670-82. [PMID: 25157908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Novel, acid-sensitive liposomes that respond to physiopathological pH for tumour targeting applications were obtained by surface decoration with 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)] (mPEG-DSPE) and stearoyl-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(methacryloyl sulfadimethoxine) copolymer (stearoyl-PEG-polySDM). The pH-sensitive stearoyl-PEG-polySDM copolymer contained an average of seven methacryloyl sulfadimethoxines per molecule and was found to possess an apparent pKa of 7.2. Preliminary cloud point studies showed that the hydrophilic/hydrophobic copolymer conversion occurred at pH 7.0. The copolymer was soluble above pH 7.0 and underwent aggregation at lower pH. Liposome formulations were prepared with 0.2:0.6:100, 0.5:1.5:100 and 1:3:100 mPEG-DSPE/stearoyl-PEG-polySDM/lipids molar ratios. All of the liposome formulations were stable at pH 7.4, even in the presence of foetal bovine serum, but they underwent rapid size increase at pH 6.5. TEM analysis showed that, at pH 6.5, the formulations coated with a stearoyl-PEG-polySDM/lipids molar ratio greater than 1:100 underwent aggregation. At pH 7.4, the liposomes showed negative zeta potential that significantly decreased after incubation at pH 6.5. Cell-culture studies indicated that the liposomes were not toxic up to 10mg/mL. Fluorescence spectroscopy, cytofluorimetry and confocal microscopy showed that at pH 6.5, the incubation of MCF-7 tumour cells with fluorescein-labelled 1:3:100 mPEG-DSPE/stearoyl-PEG-polySDM/lipids molar ratio liposomes resulted in time-dependent cell association, while at pH 7.4 the cell interaction was significantly lower. The same pH-responsive liposome formulation loaded with gemcitabine (98.2±4.7nmol gemcitabine/lipid μmol loading capacity) was stable at pH 7.4 for several hours, while at pH 6.5 it rapidly aggregated. At pH 6.5, these liposomes displayed higher cytotoxicity than at pH 7.4 or compared to non-responsive control liposomes at both incubation pH. Notably, treatment with free gemcitabine did not yield cytotoxic effects, indicating that the carrier can efficiently deliver the anticancer drug to the cytosolic compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bersani
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Brazzale
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Barattin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Abstract
Interest in the stimuli-responsive polymers has been going on for decades, and a lot of work has been dedicated to the development of environmentally sensitive macromolecules that can be crafted into novel responsive carrier materials. This article reviews the state-of-the art in smart responsive carriers for controlled drug delivery applications. And the preparation methods of different responsive materials, sustained and controlled release performance are summarized. The significance and future of smart responsive materials are also commented.
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Mastrotto F, Salmaso S, Lee YL, Alexander C, Caliceti P, Mantovani G. pH-responsive poly(4-hydroxybenzoyl methacrylates) – design and engineering of intelligent drug delivery nanovectors. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00496a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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