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Oliveira JD, Rodrigues da Silva GH, de Moura LD, Göethel G, Papini JZB, Casadei BR, Ribeiro LNDM, Cabeça LF, Garcia SC, Martinez EF, Tofoli GR, de Paula E. DoE development of ionic gradient liposomes: A successful approach to improve encapsulation, prolong anesthesia and decrease the toxicity of etidocaine. Int J Pharm 2023; 634:122672. [PMID: 36738810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Etidocaine (EDC) is a long-acting local anesthetic of the aminoamide family whose use was discontinued in 2008 for alleged toxicity issues. Ionic gradient liposomes (IGL) are nanostructured carriers for which an inner/outer gradient of ions increases drug upload. This work describes IGLEDC, a formulation optimized by Design of Experiments, composed of hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine:cholesterol:EDC, and characterized by DLS, NTA, TEM/Cryo-TEM, DSC and 1H NMR. The optimized IGL showed significant encapsulation efficiency (41 %), good shelf stability (180 days) and evidence of EDC interaction with the lipid bilayer (as seen by DSC and 1H NMR results) that confirms its membrane permeation. In vitro (release kinetics and cytotoxicity) tests showed that the encapsulation of EDC into the IGL promoted sustained release for 24 h and decreased by 50 % the intrinsic toxicity of EDC to Schwann cells. In vivo IGLEDC decreased the toxicity of EDC to Caenorhabditis elegans by 25 % and extended its anesthetic effect by one hour, after infiltrative administration, at clinically used (0.5 %) concentration, in rats. Thus, this novel drug delivery system is a promise for the possible reintroduction of EDC in clinics, aiming at the control of operative and postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Damasceno Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ludmila David de Moura
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Göethel
- Toxicology Laboratory, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Z B Papini
- São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas-São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luis Fernando Cabeça
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Technological University of Parana, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- Toxicology Laboratory, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eneida de Paula
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Aleandri S, Rahnfeld L, Chatzikleanthous D, Bergadano A, Bühr C, Detotto C, Fuochi S, Weber-Wilk K, Schürch S, van Hoogevest P, Luciani P. Development and in vivo validation of phospholipid-based depots for the sustained release of bupivacaine. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 181:300-309. [PMID: 36427675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
By direct deposition of the drug at the local site of action, injectable depot formulations - intended for treatment of a local disease or for local intervention - are designed to limit the immediate exposure of the active principle at a systemic level and to reduce the frequency of administration. To overcome known drawbacks in the production of some marketed phospholipid-based depots, here we propose to manufacture drug-loaded negatively charged liposomes through conventional technologies and to control their aggregation mixing a solution of divalent cations prior to administration. We identified phosphatidylglycerol (PG) as the most suitable phospholipid for controlled aggregation of the liposomes and to modulate the release of the anesthetic bupivacaine (BUP) from liposomal depots. In vivo imaging of the fluorescently-labelled liposomes showed a significantly higher retention of the PG liposomes at the injection site with respect to zwitterionic ones. In situ mixing of PG liposomes with calcium salts significantly extended the area under the curve of BUP in plasma compared to the non-depot system. Overall, controlling the aggregation of negatively charged liposomes with divalent cations not only modulated the particle clearance from the injection site but also the release in vivo of a small amphipathic drug such as BUP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Aleandri
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Rahnfeld
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biosciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Despo Chatzikleanthous
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Claudia Bühr
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlotta Detotto
- Experimental Animal Center (EAC), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sara Fuochi
- Experimental Animal Center (EAC), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Weber-Wilk
- Experimental Animal Center (EAC), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schürch
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Paola Luciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biosciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
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Bavli Y, Rabie M, Fellig Y, Nevo Y, Barenholz Y. Liposomal Bupivacaine (Bupigel) Demonstrates Minimal Local Nerve Toxicity in a Rabbit Functional Model. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020185. [PMID: 33535418 PMCID: PMC7912710 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported the development of a novel formulation of an ultra-long-acting local anesthetic based on bupivacaine encapsulated in large multivesicular liposomes (Bupisomes) embedded in hydrogel. This formulation (Bupigel) prolonged bupivacaine release from the formulation in dissolution-like studies in vitro and analgesia in vivo in mouse, rat, and pig models. In this study we assessed Bupigel neurotoxicity on rabbit sciatic nerve using histopathology and electrophysiologic testing. Sciatic nerves of both hind limbs were injected dropwise with different formulations. Nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography two weeks after perineural administration showed signs of neural damage after injection of free lidocaine and bupivacaine, while there was no sign of neural damage after injection with saline, demonstrating the validity of the method. This test also did not show evidence of motor or sensory nerve damage after injection with liposomal bupivacaine at a dose 10-times higher than free bupivacaine. Histologically, signs of neural damage could be observed with lidocaine. Nerves injected with Bupigel showed mild signs of inflammation and small residues of hydrogel in granulomas, indicating a long residence time of the hydrogel at the site of injection, but no histopathological signs of nerve damage. This demonstrated that early signs of neural damage were detected electrophysiologically, showing the usefulness and sensitivity of electrodiagnostic testing in detection of neural damage from new formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaelle Bavli
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
| | - Malcolm Rabie
- Institute of Neurology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Tel-Aviv University, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel; (M.R.); (Y.N.)
- Pediatric Neuromuscular Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel-Aviv University, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel
| | - Yakov Fellig
- Department of Pathology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
| | - Yoram Nevo
- Institute of Neurology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Tel-Aviv University, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel; (M.R.); (Y.N.)
- Pediatric Neuromuscular Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel-Aviv University, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel
| | - Yechezkel Barenholz
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
- Correspondence:
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Weber F, Rahnfeld L, Luciani P. Analytical profiling and stability evaluation of liposomal drug delivery systems: A rapid UHPLC-CAD-based approach for phospholipids in research and quality control. Talanta 2020; 220:121320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Preparation and Evaluation of Intraperitoneal Long-Acting Oxaliplatin-Loaded Multi-Vesicular Liposomal Depot for Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080736. [PMID: 32764318 PMCID: PMC7466130 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastasis has a poor prognosis because of inadequate responses to systemic chemotherapy. Cytoreductive surgery followed by intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy using oxaliplatin has attracted attention; however, the short half-life of oxaliplatin and its rapid clearance from the peritoneal cavity limit its clinical application. Here, a multivesicular liposomal (MVL) depot of oxaliplatin was prepared for IP administration, with an expected prolonged effect. After optimization, a combination of phospholipids, cholesterol, and triolein was used based on its ability to produce MVL depots of monomodal size distribution (1–20 µm; span 1.99) with high entrapment efficiency (EE) (92.16% ± 2.17%). An initial burst release followed by a long lag phase of drug release was observed for the MVL depots system in vitro. An in vivo pharmacokinetic study mimicking the early postoperative IP chemotherapy regimen in rats showed significantly improved bioavailability, and the mean residence time of oxaliplatin after IP administration revealed that slow and continuous erosion of the MVL particles yielded a sustained drug release. Thus, oxaliplatin-loaded MVL depots presented in this study have potential for use in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Abstract
Polymersomes, also called polymeric vesicles, are self-assembled by amphiphilic copolymers. Due to their unique characters, polymersomes are attracting more and more interest as an important class of vehicles for nanopharmaceuticals. In this chapter, various methods to prepare and characterize polymersomes are introduced systematically with several applicable examples. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of each method were compared and analyzed with the aim to help readers choose the appropriate method in the process of experiments. Although some methods we introduced here are effective in preparing and characterizing polymersomes, the remaining challenge in this filed is to develop new tools. The reason is that polymersome is a kind of complex nanostructure, and some minor factors can affect the formation of polymersome. Meanwhile, more advanced technology should be developed to precisely determine the structure of some complex polymersomes such as multilayer polymersomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiao Hu
- Ministry of Educational (MOE) Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyan Qiu
- Ministry of Educational (MOE) Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Ionic gradient liposomes: Recent advances in the stable entrapment and prolonged released of local anesthetics and anticancer drugs. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Couto VM, Prieto MJ, Igartúa DE, Feas DA, Ribeiro LN, Silva CM, Castro SR, Guilherme VA, Dantzger DD, Machado D, Alonso SDV, de Paula E. Dibucaine in Ionic-Gradient Liposomes: Biophysical, Toxicological, and Activity Characterization. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2411-2419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Wei X, Patil Y, Ohana P, Amitay Y, Shmeeda H, Gabizon A, Barenholz Y. Characterization of Pegylated Liposomal Mitomycin C Lipid-Based Prodrug (Promitil) by High Sensitivity Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4339-4345. [PMID: 28045540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a lipidated prodrug of mitomycin C (MLP) on the membrane of a pegylated liposome formulation (PL-MLP), also known as Promitil, was characterized through high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and cryo-TEM. The thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that MLP led to the formation of heterogeneous domains in the membrane plane of PL-MLP. MLP concentrated in prodrug-rich domains, arranged in high-ordered crystal-like structures, as suggested by the sharp and high enthalpy endotherm in the first heating scanning. After thiolytic cleavage of mitomycin C from MLP by dithiothreitol (DTT) treatment, the crystal-like prodrug domain disappears and a homogeneous membrane with stronger lipid interactions and higher phase transition temperature compared with the blank (MLP-free) liposomes is observed by DSC. In parallel, the rod-like discoid liposomes and the "kissing liposomes" seen by cryo-TEM in the PL-MLP formulation disappear, and liposome mean size and polydispersity increase after DTT treatment. Both MLP and the residual postcleavage lipophilic moiety of the prodrug increased the rigidity of the liposome membrane as indicated by DSC. These results confirm that MLP is inserted in the PL-MLP liposome membrane via its lipophilic anchor, and its mitomycin C moiety located mainly at the region of the phospholipid glycerol backbone and polar headgroup. We hypothesize that π-π stacking between the planar aromatic rings of the mitomycin C moieties leads to the formation of prodrug-rich domains with highly ordered structure on the PL-MLP liposome membrane. This thermodynamically stable conformation may explain the high stability of the PL-MLP formulation. These results also provide us with an interesting example of the application of high sensitivity DSC in understanding the composition-structure-behavior dynamics of liposomal nanocarriers having a lipid-based drug as pharmaceutical ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wei
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC , Jerusalem, Israel.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China
| | - Yogita Patil
- Oncology Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center , Jerusalem, Israel.,Hebrew University-School of Medicine , Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Hilary Shmeeda
- Oncology Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alberto Gabizon
- Oncology Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center , Jerusalem, Israel.,Hebrew University-School of Medicine , Jerusalem, Israel.,Lipomedix Pharmaceuticals , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yechezkel Barenholz
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC , Jerusalem, Israel
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Silverman L, Barenholz Y. In vitro experiments showing enhanced release of doxorubicin from Doxil® in the presence of ammonia may explain drug release at tumor site. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1841-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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