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Pathak A, Verma N, Tripathi S, Mishra A, Poluri KM. Nanosensor based approaches for quantitative detection of heparin. Talanta 2024; 273:125873. [PMID: 38460425 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Heparin, being a widely employed anticoagulant in numerus clinical complications, requires strict quantification and qualitative screening to ensure the safety of patients from potential threat of thrombocytopenia. However, the intricacy of heparin's chemical structures and low abundance hinders the precise monitoring of its level and quality in clinical settings. Conventional laboratory assays have limitations in sensitivity and specificity, necessitating the development of innovative approaches. In this context, nanosensors emerged as a promising solution due to enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and ability to detect heparin even at low concentrations. This review delves into a range of sensing approaches including colorimetric, fluorometric, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques using different types of nanomaterials, thus providing insights of its principles, capabilities, and limitations. Moreover, integration of smart-phone with nanosensors for point of care diagnostics has also been explored. Additionally, recent advances in nanopore technologies, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have been discussed offering specificity against contaminants present in heparin to ensure its quality. By consolidating current knowledge and highlighting the potential of nanosensors, this review aims to contribute to the advancement of efficient, reliable, and economical heparin detection methods providing improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakanksha Pathak
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nishchay Verma
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shweta Tripathi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 342011, Rajasthan, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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Uematsu K, Ueno T, Katano H. Determination of protamine and heparin based on their effects on a glucose oxidase enzymatic reaction. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:1561-1566. [PMID: 37243969 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a sensitive method for determining protamine and heparin by utilizing a glucose oxidase enzymatic reaction. Polycationic protamine significantly promoted the enzymatic reaction rate with [Fe(CN)6]3-, so that the increase could be used to determine protamine. The promotion effect was stoichiometrically decreased by the addition of polyanionic heparin through the polyion complex formation with protamine, so that the enzymatic reaction also allowed for the determination of heparin. We thus applied the proposed method to blood plasma containing heparin and found that heparin did not stoichiometrically form a polyion complex with protamine, likely due to strong interactions between heparin and some components of the plasma. The proposed method allowed for the detection of free protamine (and/or weakly binding protamine with heparin) existing in the condition that protamine did not neutralize all of the heparin in the plasma. The method also permitted for the estimation of heparin concentrations using calibration curves. Thus, the proposed method would help reduce the risks of protamine overdose in heparin neutralization and would be a helpful tool in clinical practices that use heparin and protamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Uematsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Ueno
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan
| | - Hajime Katano
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan
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3
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Xiong Y, Rao Y, Hu J, Luo Z, Chen C. Nanoparticle-Based Photothermal Therapy for Breast Cancer Noninvasive Treatment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2305140. [PMID: 37561994 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapid advancements in materials science and nanotechnology, intertwined with oncology, have positioned photothermal therapy (PTT) as a promising noninvasive treatment strategy for cancer. The breast's superficial anatomical location and aesthetic significance render breast cancer a particularly pertinent candidate for the clinical application of PTT following melanoma. This review comprehensively explores the research conducted on the various types of nanoparticles employed in PTT for breast cancer and elaborates on their specific roles and mechanisms of action. The integration of PTT with existing clinical therapies for breast cancer is scrutinized, underscoring its potential for synergistic outcomes. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying PTT and consequential modifications to the tumor microenvironment after treatment are elaborated from a medical perspective. Future research directions are suggested, with an emphasis on the development of integrative platforms that combine multiple therapeutic approaches and the optimization of nanoparticle synthesis for enhanced treatment efficacy. The goal is to push the boundaries of PTT toward a comprehensive, clinically applicable treatment for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiong
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Yan Rao
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Luo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P. R. China
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Gorai S, Mula S, Jonnalgadda PN, Patro BS, Chakraborty G. In house synthesized novel distyryl-BODIPY dye and polymer assembly as deep-red emitting probe for protamine detection. Talanta 2023; 265:124915. [PMID: 37442005 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we designed and synthesized a deep-red emitting distyryl-BODIPY dye (dye 3) which is non-fluorescent in aqueous solution due to the formation of non-emissive aggregates. However, in presence of an amphiphilic polymer (polystyrene sulfonate, PSS), the aggregated dye molecules de-aggregate and form dye 3-PSS complex, which significantly modulates the optical features of the bound dye. Interestingly, the dye 3-PSS complex shows turn-on fluorescence response in deep-red region in presence of protamine (Pr) due to the formation of dye 3-PSS-Pr ternary complex. Such enhancement follows a linear trend in the dynamic range of 0-8.75 μM of Pr which has been utilized to determine Pr with limit of detection (LOD) of 15.04(±0.5) nM in phosphate buffer. Furthermore, excellent selectivity of the dye 3-PSS system towards Pr allows us to determine Pr even in complex biological matrix like 1% human serum. Thus, dye 3-PSS system can be applied as a very effective tool for the detection and quantification of Pr in deep-red region, overcoming several limitations encountered with the probes in the shorter wavelength region. This is the first report on BODIPY dye based supramolecular assembly for sensing and quantification of protamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Gorai
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Soumyaditya Mula
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Padma Nilaya Jonnalgadda
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India; Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Birija S Patro
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Goutam Chakraborty
- Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.
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A Near Infra-red Emitting Supramolecular Dye-Polymer Assembly as Promising Platform for Protamine Sensing. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Chandhru M, Logesh R, Kutti Rani S, Ahmed N, Vasimalai N. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from plant latex and their antibacterial and photocatalytic studies. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:3064-3074. [PMID: 33825663 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1914181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes a facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles from calotropis procera (CP-AgNPs). The CP-AgNPs were well characterized by many methods. The synthesized CP-AgNPs are stable for more than 5 months. Then we have used CP-AgNPs as photo catalysts for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency was 0.0076. Moreover, we also have studied the antibacterial activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), klebsiella pneumonia (KP), staphylococcus aureus (SA) and bacillus subtilis (BS) bacteria. Interestingly, all four different bacteria causing biofilm were inhibited by CP-AgNPs by 80%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from calotropis procera plant latex. Furthermore, CP-AgNPs effectively were applied as photo catalysts for the degradation of MO dye and also as anti-biofilm agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chandhru
- Department of Chemistry, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - R Logesh
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - S Kutti Rani
- Department of Chemistry, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Neesar Ahmed
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - N Vasimalai
- Department of Chemistry, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
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Ran F, Xu Y, Ma M, Liu X, Zhang H. Flower-like ZIF-8 enhance the peroxidase-like activity of nanoenzymes at neutral pH for detection of heparin and protamine. Talanta 2022; 250:123702. [PMID: 35780694 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The peroxide-like catalytic activity of gold nanoclusters (Au-NCs) is very low under physiological conditions (pH 7.4), which greatly limits its biological detection applications. A new nanoenzyme platform was constructed by self-assembly of Au-NCs and ZIF-8/CQDs. It was found that heparin can significantly promote the peroxidase-like activity of Au-NCs on the nanoenzyme platform at pH 7.4. In the presence of H2O2, the catalytic activity of Au-NCs on the nanoenzyme platform for TMB increased nearly 50 times. Based on this phenomenon, a colorimetric method was developed to determine heparin in the range of 0.0185-9.25 U/mL, with a detection limit of 0.0027 U/mL. When protamine is introduced, heparin and protamine take the lead in specific binding due to antagonism, which makes heparin unable to adsorb on the surface of ZIF-8/CQDS, thus inhibiting the enhancement of the catalytic activity of Au-NCs. Based on this phenomenon, a colorimetric method was developed to determine protamine in the range of 0.01-0.5 μg/mL, with a detection limit of 0.003 μg/mL. Therefore, this method provides a new idea for the visual detection of heparin and protamine under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanpeng Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yixuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Minrui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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8
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Selvarathinam T, Dhesingh RS. In‐Vitro
Evaluation of Folic Acid Capped Gold Nanoformulations for Drug Delivery to Prostate Cancer. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thambiraj Selvarathinam
- Nano-Bio Materials and Sensors Laboratory National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology University of Madras, Guindy Campus Chennai 600 025 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ravi Shankaran Dhesingh
- Nano-Bio Materials and Sensors Laboratory National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology University of Madras, Guindy Campus Chennai 600 025 Tamil Nadu India
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Targeted siRNA nanocarrier: a platform technology for cancer treatment. Oncogene 2022; 41:2210-2224. [PMID: 35220407 PMCID: PMC8993695 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02241-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The small arginine-rich protein protamine condenses complete genomic DNA into the sperm head. Here, we applied its high RNA binding capacity for spontaneous electrostatic assembly of therapeutic nanoparticles decorated with tumour-cell-specific antibodies for efficiently targeting siRNA. Fluorescence microscopy and DLS measurements of these nanocarriers revealed the formation of a vesicular architecture that requires presence of antibody-protamine, defined excess of free SMCC-protamine, and anionic siRNA to form. Only these complex nanoparticles were efficient in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) xenograft models, when the oncogene KRAS was targeted via EGFR-mediated delivery. To show general applicability, we used the modular platform for IGF1R-positive Ewing sarcomas. Anti-IGR1R-antibodies were integrated into an antibody-protamine nanoparticle with an siRNA specifically against the oncogenic translocation product EWS/FLI1. Using these nanoparticles, EWS/FLI1 knockdown blocked in vitro and in vivo growth of Ewing sarcoma cells. We conclude that these antibody-protamine-siRNA nanocarriers provide a novel platform technology to specifically target different cell types and yet undruggable targets in cancer therapy by RNAi.
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Zhou Y, Huang X, Hu X, Tong W, Leng Y, Xiong Y. Recent advances in colorimetry/fluorimetry-based dual-modal sensing technologies. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 190:113386. [PMID: 34119839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tailored to the increasing demands for sensing technologies, the fabrication of dual-modal sensing technologies through combining two signal transduction channels into one method has been proposed and drawn considerable attention. The integration of two sensing signals not only promotes the analytical efficiency with reduced assumption, but also improves the analytical performances with enlarged detection linear range, enhanced accuracy, and boosted application flexibility. The two top-rated output signals for developing dual-modal sensors are colorimetric and fluorescent signals because of their outstanding merits for point of care applications and real-time sensitive sensing. Given the rapid development of material chemistry and nanotechnology, the recent decade has witnessed great advance in colorimetric/fluorimetric signal based dual-modal sensing technologies. The new sensing strategy leads to a broad avenue for various applications in disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring and food safety because of the complementary and synergistic effects of the two output signals. In this state-of-the-art review, we comprehensively summarize different types of colorimetric/fluorimetric dual-modal sensing methods by highlighting representative research in the last 5 years, digging into their sensing methodologies, particularly the working principles of the signal transduction systems. Then, the challenges and future prospects for boosting further development of this research field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- School of Qianhu, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China
| | - Weipeng Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Yuankui Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China.
| | - Yonghua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China; Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
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11
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Qu F, Yin T, Fa Q, Jiang D, Zhao XE. Lead halide perovskites with aggregation-induced emission feature coupled with gold nanoparticles for fluorescence detection of heparin. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:235501. [PMID: 33621960 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abe905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a new kind of lead halide perovskite (LHP, (C12H25NH3)2PbI4) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature is developed as a fluorescent probe for heparin (Hep). The LHPs exhibit high emission when they aggregate in water. Interestingly, a few picomoles of dispersed gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can quench the emission of LHPs, but the aggregated AuNPs are invalid. When protamine (Pro) is mixed with AuNPs at first, the negatively charged AuNPs aggregate through electrostatic interaction, producing the AIE recovery. Nevertheless, Hep disturbs the interaction between AuNPs and Pro due to its strong electrostatic interaction with Pro. Therefore, the dispersed AuNPs quench the fluorescence of LHPs again. A response linear range of Hep of 0.8-4.2 ng ml-1is obtained, and the detection limit is 0.29 ng ml-1. Compared with other probes for determination of Hep with AuNPs, this strategy exhibits better sensitivity due to the small quantity of AuNPs used. Finally, it is also successfully applied to detect Hep in human serum samples with satisfactory recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Yin
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Fa
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dafeng Jiang
- Department of Physical and Chemical Testing, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-En Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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An anionic polyelectrolyte induced aggregate assembly of Thioflavin-T: A prospective platform for Protamine sensing. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1174-1182. [PMID: 32710965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Protamine, a polycation, is biologically and medically relevant protein. Protamine exhibits a wide array of functions in biological processes like gene transfer, tissue and organogenesis, cell reproduction, etc. Medically, Protamine is the only clinically approved antidote for Heparin and is routinely used in various surgical interventions, and hence controlling Protamine dosing in patients is very crucial. Taking into account the medical significance of Protamine, designing simple, reliable and sensitive fluorescence sensors is highly desirable. In this work, we propose one such sensitive and reliable fluorescent sensor which is based on a template of dye-polyelectrolyte assembly constituting a molecular rotor dye, Thioflavin-T and an anionic synthetic polyelectrolyte, polystyrene sulfonate. The addition of Protamine, prompts drastic modulations in spectral features of dye-polyelectrolyte assembly which enables sensitive detection of Protamine in aqueous solution. Apart from sensitive detection, our sensing platform aids in highly selective sensing of Protamine compared to other proteins. Moreover, our sensor system is constructed on label-free, inexpensive, commercially available molecules posing as an advantage over other sensor systems which involve laborious synthesis protocols. Most importantly, our sensor template is able to sense Protamine in diluted serum sample, indicating the potential practical utility of our sensor system.
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13
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Pandey SP, Singh PK. A ratiometric scheme for the fluorescent detection of protamine, a heparin antidote. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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14
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Chan CWT, Cheng HK, Hau FKW, Chan AKW, Yam VWW. Protamine-Induced Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Red-Emissive Alkynylplatinum(II) 2,6-Bis(benzimidazol-2'-yl)pyridine Complex for Selective Label-Free Sensing of Heparin and Real-Time Monitoring of Trypsin Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:31585-31593. [PMID: 31436404 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A label-free detection assay is developed based on the design and synthesis of a new anionic alkynylplatinum(II) 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2'-yl)pyridine complex with water-soluble pendants. With the aid of electrostatic interaction and noncovalent metal-metal and π-π stacking interactions, protamine is shown to induce supramolecular self-assembly of platinum(II) complexes with drastic UV-vis absorption and red emission changes. On the basis of the strong binding affinity of protamine and heparin, the ensemble has been further employed to probe heparin by monitoring the spectroscopic changes. Other than heparin, this ensemble can also detect the activity of trypsin, which can hydrolyze protamine into fragments, leading to the deaggregation of platinum(II) complexes. By modulation of the self-assembly properties of platinum(II) complexes via real-time UV-vis absorption and emission studies, the reported assay has been demonstrated to be a sensitive and selective detection method for trypsin, as well as trypsin inhibitor screening, which is essential for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calford Wai-Ting Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Heung-Kiu Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Franky Ka-Wah Hau
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Alan Kwun-Wa Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
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15
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Khoubnasabjafari M, Samadi A, Jouyban A. In-situ microscale spectrophotometric determination of phenytoin by using branched gold nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:422. [PMID: 31187298 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A rapid method for the sensitive detection of phenytoin (PHT) by branched gold nanoparticles (B-AuNPs) is described. These nanoparticles were synthesized by adding methanol as the reducing agent and poly(ethylene glycol) as the stabilizer at 70 °C. The B-AuNPs are red in color with an absorption maximum at 540 nm when prepared in situ. However, the color becomes increasingly weaker when PHT is present in increasing concentrations. This method can determine PHT over the 67-670 ng·mL-1 concentration range, with detection limit of 21 ng·mL-1. The relative standard deviation for five replicate measurements at 68 and 530 ng·mL-1 of PHT was 3.2% and 1.2%, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of PHT in plasma samples of epileptic patients, and the results were in agreement with those obtained by a standard official method. Graphical abstract Branched gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) prepared in situ have a red color with an absorption maximum at 540 nm. The color becomes increasingly weaker with decreasing the intensity of the characteristic SPR band when PHT is present in increasing concentration. The current assay is capable of determining PHT over the 67-670 ng·mL-1 concentration range with a limit of detection of 21 ng·mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51656-65811, Iran
| | - Azam Samadi
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51656-65811, Iran.
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51656-65811, Iran.,Kimia Idea Pardaz Azarbayjan (KIPA) Science Based Company, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51656-65811, Iran
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16
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Binaymotlagh R, Hajareh Haghighi F, Aboutalebi F, Mirahmadi-Zare SZ, Hadadzadeh H, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Selective chemotherapy and imaging of colorectal and breast cancer cells by a modified MUC-1 aptamer conjugated to a poly(ethylene glycol)-dimethacrylate coated Fe3O4–AuNCs nanocomposite. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04236e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The combination of diagnosis and targeted therapy within a single nanoplatform is one of the remarkable advances in molecular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Binaymotlagh
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology
- Cell Science Research Center
- Royan Institute for Biotechnology
- ACECR
- Isfahan 81651-31378
| | - Farid Hajareh Haghighi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology
- Cell Science Research Center
- Royan Institute for Biotechnology
- ACECR
- Isfahan 81651-31378
| | - Fatemeh Aboutalebi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology
- Cell Science Research Center
- Royan Institute for Biotechnology
- ACECR
- Isfahan 81651-31378
| | - Seyede Zohreh Mirahmadi-Zare
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology
- Cell Science Research Center
- Royan Institute for Biotechnology
- ACECR
- Isfahan 81651-31378
| | - Hassan Hadadzadeh
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan 84156-83111
- Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology
- Cell Science Research Center
- Royan Institute for Biotechnology
- ACECR
- Isfahan 81651-31378
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17
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Manjubaashini N, Kesavan MP, Rajesh J, Daniel Thangadurai T. Multispectroscopic and bioimaging approach for the interaction of rhodamine 6G capped gold nanoparticles with bovine serum albumin. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 183:374-384. [PMID: 29763760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Binding interaction of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) with newly prepared rhodamine 6G-capped gold nanoparticles (Rh6G-Au NPs) under physiological conditions (pH 7.2) was investigated by a wide range of photophysical techniques. Rh6G-Au NPs caused the static quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA that resulted from the formation of ground-state complex between BSA and Rh6G-Au NPs. The binding constant from fluorescence quenching method (Ka = 1.04 × 104 L mol-1; LoD = 14.0 μM) is in accordance with apparent association constant (Kapp = 1.14 × 101 M-1), which is obtained from absorption spectral studies. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency between the tryptophan (Trp) residue of BSA and fluorophore of Rh6G-Au NPs during the interaction was calculated to be 90%. The free energy change (ΔG = -23.07 kJ/mol) of BSA-Rh6G-Au NPs complex was calculated based on modified Stern-Volmer Plot. The time-resolved fluorescence analysis confirmed that quenching of BSA follows static mechanism through the formation of ground state complex. Furthermore, synchronous and three-dimensional fluorescence measurement, Raman spectral analysis and Circular Dichroism spectrum results corroborate the strong binding between Rh6G-Au NPs and BSA, which causes the conformational changes on BSA molecule. In addition, fluorescence imaging experiments of BSA in living human breast cancer (HeLa) cells was successfully demonstrated, which articulated the value of Rh6G-Au NPs practical applications in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Manjubaashini
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Sri Ramakrishana Engineering College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641 022, India
| | | | | | - T Daniel Thangadurai
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Sri Ramakrishana Engineering College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641 022, India.
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18
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Sensitive determination of 6-mercaptopurine based on the aggregation of phenylalanine-capped gold nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Rouster P, Pavlovic M, Horváth E, Forró L, Dey SK, Szilagyi I. Influence of Protamine Functionalization on the Colloidal Stability of 1D and 2D Titanium Oxide Nanostructures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:9750-9758. [PMID: 28829607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The colloidal stability of titanium oxide nanosheets (TNS) and nanowires (TiONW) was studied in the presence of protamine (natural polyelectrolyte) in aqueous dispersions, where the nanostructures possessed negative net charge, and the protamine was positively charged. Regardless of their shape, similar charging and aggregation behaviors were observed for both TNS and TiONW. Electrophoretic experiments performed at different protamine loadings revealed that the adsorption of protamine led to charge neutralization and charge inversion depending on the polyelectrolyte dose applied. Light scattering measurements indicated unstable dispersions once the surface charge was close to zero or slow aggregation below and above the charge neutralization point with negatively or positively charged nanostructures, respectively. These stability regimes were confirmed by the electron microscopy images taken at different polyelectrolyte loadings. The protamine dose and salt-dependent colloidal stability confirmed the presence of DLVO-type interparticle forces, and no experimental evidence was found for additional interactions (e.g., patch-charge, hydrophobic, or steric forces), which are usually present in similar polyelectrolyte-particle systems. These findings indicate that the polyelectrolyte adsorbs on the TNS and TiONW surfaces in a flat and extended conformation giving rise to the absence of surface heterogeneities. Therefore, protamine is an excellent biocompatible candidate to form smooth surfaces, for instance in multilayers composed of polyelectrolytes and particles to be used in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rouster
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva , CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marko Pavlovic
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva , CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Endre Horváth
- School of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - László Forró
- School of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandwip K Dey
- Materials Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Istvan Szilagyi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva , CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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20
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Photophysical changes of thionine dye with folic acid capped gold nanoparticles by spectroscopic approach and its in vitro cytotoxicity towards A-549 lung cancer cells. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Heparin-MPA dual modified CdS quantum dots used as a simple and rapid label-free fluorescent sensor for protamine and hemin detection. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Silver triangular nanoplates as an high efficiently FRET donor-acceptor of upconversion nanoparticles for ultrasensitive "Turn on-off" protamine and trypsin sensor. Talanta 2017; 174:148-155. [PMID: 28738561 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Silver triangular nanoplates (STNPs) as a high efficient fluorescence quenching reagent of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) was used to constract a novel label-free fluorescence nanosensor for ultrasensitive detection of protamine and trypsin based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between STNPs and UCNPs. In this assay, the negatively charged STNPs can bind with positively charged UCNPs through electrostatic interaction, and then quenched the fluorescence of UCNPs. When protamine was added to the mixture of UCNPs-STNPs, the STNPs interacted with protamine and then detached from the surface of UCNPs and aggregated, which result in the recovery of the fluorescence of UCNPs. Trypsin could catalyze the hydrolysis of protamine and effectively quench the fluorescence recovered by protamine. By measuring the changes of the fluorescence of UCNPs, the concentrations of protamine and trypsin were determined. Under the optimized conditions, the linear response range was obtained from 10 to 500ng/mL, 5-80ng/mL and with the low detection limit of 3.1ng/mL and 1.8ng/mL for protamine and trypsin, respectively. Meanwhile, the nanosensor shows good selectivity, sensitivity and can be successfully applied to detection of protamine and trypsin in serum samples.
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23
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Colorimetric and fluorometric detection of protamine by using a dual-mode probe consisting of carbon quantum dots and gold nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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24
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Loganathan C, John SA. Naked eye and spectrophotometric detection of chromogenic insecticide in aquaculture using amine functionalized gold nanoparticles in the presence of major interferents. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 173:837-842. [PMID: 27816882 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Detection of a chromogenic insecticide, malachite green (MG) using 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole capped gold nanoparticles (DAT-AuNPs) by both naked eye and spectrophotometry was described in this paper. The DAT-AuNPs were prepared by wet chemical method and show absorption maximum at 518nm. The zeta potential of DAT-AuNPs was found to be -39.9mV, suggesting that one of the amine groups of DAT adsorbed on the surface of AuNPs and the other amine group stabilizes the AuNPs from aggregation. The wine red color DAT-AuNPs changes to violet while adding 25μM MG whereas the absorption band at 518nm was increased and shifted towards longer wavelength. However, addition of 70μM MG leads to the aggregation of DAT-AuNPs. This is due to strong electrostatic interaction between ammonium ion of MG and the free amine group of DAT. Based on the color change and shift in SPR band, 25 and 5μM MG can be easily detected by naked eye and spectrophotometry. The DAT-AuNPs show high selectivity towards MG even in the presence of 5000-fold higher concentrations of common interferents. The practical application was successfully demonstrated by determining MG in fish farm water.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Loganathan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute, Gandhigram - 624 302, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Abraham John
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute, Gandhigram - 624 302, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India.
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25
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Gong W, Wang S, Wei Y, Ding L, Fang Y. A pyrene-based fluorescent sensor for ratiometric detection of heparin and its complex with heparin for reversed ratiometric detection of protamine in aqueous solution. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 170:198-205. [PMID: 27450118 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An imidazolium-modified pyrene derivative, IPy, was used for ratiometric detection of heparin, and its complex with heparin was used for reversed ratiometric detection of protamine in both aqueous solution and serum samples. The cationic fluorescent probe could interact with anionic heparin via electrostatic interaction to bring about blue-to-green fluorescence changes as monomer emission significantly decreases and excimer increases. The binary combination of IPy and heparin could be further used for green-to-blue detection of protamine since heparin prefers to bind to protamine instead of the probe due to its stronger affinity with protamine. The cationic probe shows high sensitivity to heparin with a low detection limit of 8.5nM (153ng/mL) and its combination with heparin displays high sensitivity to protamine with a detection limit as low as 15.4nM (107.8ng/mL) according to the 3σ IUPAC criteria. Moreover, both sensing processes are fast and can be performed in serum solutions, indicating possibility for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | - Shihuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | - Yuting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | - Liping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China.
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
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A simple and rapid label-free fluorimetric biosensor for protamine detection based on glutathione-capped CdTe quantum dots aggregation. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 71:243-248. [PMID: 25912680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel fluorescent biosensor is developed, based on glutathione-capped CdTe quantum dots aggregation, for the determination of trace amount of an important drug, protamine. In this method with increasing the protamine concentration, the fluorescence of the quantum dots was quenched due to their aggregation. Different parameters affect the sensitivity, such as pH and the amount of the quantum dots, were optimized. Using the new optical biosensor, under the optimized conditions, protamine could be measured in the range of 2.0-200 ng mL(-1) with a detection limit of 1.0 ng mL(-)(1). The relative standard deviation for five replicates determination of 30.0 ng mL(-)(1) protamine was 1.26%. The influence of common interfering species on the protamine detection was studied. The results showed that the biosensor is highly selective and sensitive for the detection of protamine. The optical biosensor was successfully used for the determination of protamine in real samples.
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27
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Off–on phosphorescence assay of heparin via gold nanoclusters modulated with protamine. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 64:333-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Abramova N, Bratov A. Title Monitoring Protamine-Heparin Interactions Using Microcapillary Impedimetric Sensor. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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29
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Wang J, Wang TT, Gao PF, Huang CZ. Biomolecules-conjugated nanomaterials for targeted cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:8452-8465. [PMID: 32262204 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecules perform vital functions in biology. These functional biomolecules with diverse modifications hold great promise for further applications in bioanalysis and cancer therapy. However, these functional biomolecules face challenges, especially in the field of drug delivery for cancer therapy. For example, functional biomolecules are typically unstable when taken up by cells, as they are easily digested by enzymes. To address this obstacle, nanomaterials have been employed as drug carriers or vehicles, which are powerful nanoplatforms for imaging and cancer treatment. Multifunctionality of these nanoplatforms offers great advantages over conventional reagents, including targeting to a diseased site to minimize systemic toxicity, and the ability to solubilize hydrophobic or labile drugs to improved pharmacokinetics. In this review, we summarize typical functional biomolecule-conjugated nanomaterials for targeting drug delivery. Under the appropriate conditions, targeted drug delivery can be achieved from a high density of biomolecules that are bound to the surface of nanomaterials, resulting in a high affinity for the targets. The high density of biomolecules then leads to a high local concentration, being able to prevent degradation by enzymes. Furthermore, biomolecule-nanomaterial conjugates have been identified to enter cells more easily than free biomolecules, and controllable drug release can then be obtained by a response to a stimulus, such as redox, pH, light, thermal, enzyme-trigged strategies. Now and in the future, with the development of artificial biomolecules as well as nanomaterials, targeted drug delivery based on elegant biomolecule-nanomaterial conjugation approaches is expected to achieve great versatility, additional functions, and further advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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Selva Sharma A, Ilanchelian M. Elucidation of photophysical changes and orientation of acridine orange dye on the surface of borate capped gold nanoparticles using multi-spectroscopic techniques. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:1741-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00223g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we have carried out a detailed investigation on the binding interaction of acridine orange (AO) with borate capped gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) by multi spectroscopic techniques.
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31
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Vasimalai N, Rajalakshmi K, John SA. Economically viable sensitive and selective luminescent sensor for the determination of Au(iii) in environmental samples. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05217j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An economically viable luminescent sensor for Au(iii) (detection limit of 1.0 pg L−1) was described in this paper using the 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMT) fluorophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Vasimalai
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Department of Chemistry
- Gandhigram Rural Institute
- Dindigul, India
| | - K. Rajalakshmi
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Department of Chemistry
- Gandhigram Rural Institute
- Dindigul, India
| | - S. Abraham John
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Department of Chemistry
- Gandhigram Rural Institute
- Dindigul, India
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