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Carniato F, Ricci M, Tei L, Garello F, Furlan C, Terreno E, Ravera E, Parigi G, Luchinat C, Botta M. Novel Nanogels Loaded with Mn(II) Chelates as Effective and Biologically Stable MRI Probes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302868. [PMID: 37345577 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Here it is described nanogels (NG) based on a chitosan matrix, which are covalently stabilized by a bisamide derivative of Mn-t-CDTA (t-CDTA = trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid). the Mn(II) complex acts both as a contrast medium and as a cross-linking agent. These nanogels are proposed as an alternative to the less stable paramagnetic nanogels obtained by electrostatic interactions between the polymeric matrix and paramagnetic Gd(III) chelates. The present novel nanogels show: i) relaxivity values seven times higher than that of typical monohydrated Mn(II) chelates at the clinical fields, thanks to the combination of a restricted mobility of the complex with a fast exchange of the metal-bound water molecule; ii) high stability of the formulation over time at pH 5 and under physiological conditions, thus excluding metal leaking or particles aggregation; iii) good extravasation and accumulation, with a maximum contrast achieved at 24 h post-injection in mice bearing subcutaneous breast cancer tumor; iv) high T1 contrast (1 T) in the tumor 24 h post-injection. These improved properties pave the way for the use of these paramagnetic nanogels as promising magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes for in vitro and in vivo preclinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Carniato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - Marco Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - Francesca Garello
- Molecular Imaging Centre, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Chiara Furlan
- Molecular Imaging Centre, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Enzo Terreno
- Molecular Imaging Centre, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Enrico Ravera
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- Giotto Biotech S.r.l., Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
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Lyons T, Kekedjian C, Glaser P, Ohlin CA, van Eldik R, Rodriguez O, Albanese C, Van Keuren E, Stoll SL. Molecular Parameters Promoting High Relaxivity in Cluster-Nanocarrier Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10.1021/acsami.2c12584. [PMID: 36283049 PMCID: PMC10502962 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the mechanism of relaxivity for two magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents that both employ a cluster-nanocarrier design. The first system termed Mn8Fe4-coPS comprises the cluster Mn8Fe4O12(L)16(H2O)4 or Mn8Fe4 (1) (L = carboxylate) co-polymerized with polystyrene to form ∼75 nm nanobeads. The second system termed Mn3Bpy-PAm used the cluster Mn3(O2CCH3)6(Bpy)2 or Mn3Bpy (2) where Bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, entrapped in ∼180 nm polyacrylamide nanobeads. Here, we investigate the rate of water exchange of the two clusters, and corresponding cluster-nanocarriers, in order to elucidate the mechanism of relaxivity in the cluster-nanocarrier. Swift-Connick analysis of O-17 NMR was used to determine the water exchange rates of the clusters and cluster-nanocarriers. We found distinct differences in the water exchange rate between Mn8Fe4 and Mn8Fe4-coPS, and we utilized these differences to elucidate the nanobead structure. Using the transverse relaxivity from O-17 NMR line widths, we were able to determine the hydration state of the Mn3Bpy (2) cluster as well as Mn3Bpy-PAm. Using these hydration states in the Swift-Connick analysis of O-17 NMR, we found the water exchange rate to be extremely close in value for the cluster Mn3Bpy and cluster-nanocarrier Mn3Bpy-PAm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Lyons
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C.20057, United States
| | - Chloe Kekedjian
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C.20057, United States
| | - Priscilla Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C.20057, United States
| | - C André Ohlin
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå907 36, Sweden
| | - Rudi van Eldik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun87 100, Poland
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, Erlangen91058, Germany
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.20057, United States
| | - Christopher Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.20057, United States
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.20057, United States
| | - Edward Van Keuren
- Department of Physics, and Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C.20057, United States
| | - Sarah L Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C.20057, United States
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In Vitro Studies Regarding the Safety of Chitosan and Hyaluronic Acid-Based Nanohydrogels Containing Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063258. [PMID: 35328678 PMCID: PMC8955704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the biocompatibility of contrast agents, such as gadolinium 1, 4, 7, 10 tetraazacyclo-dodecane tetraacetic acid (GdDOTA) and gadolinium dioctyl terephthalate (GdDOTP), encapsulated in a polymeric matrix containing chitosan and hyaluronic acid using RAW264.7 murine macrophages and human blood samples. The cell viability and cytotoxicity were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, while cell cycle analysis was determined in RAW264.7 cells using flow cytometry. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), hemolytic index, complement activation, and thrombogenic potential of gadolinium (Gd) containing nanohydrogels were measured by fluorometric and spectrophotometric methods. Taken together, our results demonstrate the good bio- and hemocompatibility of chitosan-based nanohydrogels with the RAW264.7 cell line and human blood cells, suggesting that these could be used as injectable formulations for the magnetic resonance imaging diagnostic of lymph nodes.
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Fluorescent chitosan-based nanohydrogels and encapsulation of gadolinium MRI contrast agent for magneto-optical imaging. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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A Radiobrominated Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor for EGFR with L858R/T790M Mutations in Lung Carcinoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030256. [PMID: 33809064 PMCID: PMC7998589 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating double mutations L858R/T790M in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) region are often observed as the cause of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Third-generation EGFR-TKIs, such as osimertinib and rociletinib (CO-1686), was developed to target such resistance mutations. The detection of activating L858R/T790M mutations is necessary to select sensitive patients for therapy. Hence, we aimed to develop novel radiobromine-labeled CO-1686 as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probe for detecting EGFR L858R/T790M mutations. Nonradioactive brominated-CO1686 (BrCO1686) was synthesized by the condensation of N-(3-[{2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl}amino]-5-bromophenyl) acrylamide with the corresponding substituted 1-(4-[4-amino-3-methoxyphenyl]piperazine-1-yl)ethan-1-one. The radiobrominated [77Br]BrCO1686 was prepared through bromodestannylation of the corresponding tributylstannylated precursor with [77Br]bromide and N-chlorosuccinimide. Although we aimed to provide a novel PET imaging probe, 77Br was used as an alternative radionuclide for 76Br. We fundamentally evaluated the potency of [77Br]BrCO1686 as a molecular probe for detecting EGFR L858R/T790M using human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines: H1975 (EGFR L858R/T790M), H3255 (EGFR L858R), and H441 (wild-type EGFR). The BrCO1686 showed high cytotoxicity toward H1975 (IC50 0.18 ± 0.06 µM) comparable to that of CO-1686 (IC50 0.14 ± 0.05 µM). In cell uptake experiments, the level of accumulation of [77Br]BrCO1686 in H1975 was significantly higher than those in H3255 and H441 upon 4 h of incubation. The radioactivity of [77Br]BrCO1686 (136.3% dose/mg protein) was significantly reduced to 56.9% dose/mg protein by the pretreatment with an excess CO-1686. These results indicate that the binding site of the radiotracers should be identical to that of CO-1686. The in vivo accumulation of radioactivity of [77Br]BrCO1686 in H1975 tumor (4.51 ± 0.17) was higher than that in H441 tumor (3.71 ± 0.13) 1 h postinjection. Our results suggested that [77Br]BrCO1686 has specificity toward NSCLC cells with double mutations EGFR L858R/T790M compared to those in EGFR L858R and wild-type EGFR. However, the in vivo accumulation of radioactivity in the targeted tumor needs to be optimized by structural modification.
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Berki TR, Martinelli J, Tei L, Willcock H, Butler SJ. Polymerizable Gd(iii) building blocks for the synthesis of high relaxivity macromolecular MRI contrast agents. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3999-4013. [PMID: 34163670 PMCID: PMC8179470 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04750c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A new synthetic strategy for the preparation of macromolecular MRI contrast agents (CAs) is reported. Four gadolinium(iii) complexes bearing either one or two polymerizable methacrylamide groups were synthesized, serving as monomers or crosslinkers for the preparation of water-soluble, polymeric CAs using Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Using this approach, macromolecular CAs were synthesized with different architectures, including linear, hyperbranched polymers and gels. The relaxivities of the polymeric CAs were determined by NMR relaxometry, revealing an up to 5-fold increase in relaxivity (60 MHz, 310 K) for the linear polymers compared with the clinically used CA, Gd-DOTA. Moreover, hyperbranched polymers obtained from Gd(iii) crosslinkers, displayed even higher relaxivities up to 22.8 mM-1 s-1, approximately 8 times higher than that of Gd-DOTA (60 MHz, 310 K). A detailed NMRD study revealed that the enhanced relaxivities of the hyperbranched polymers were obtained by limiting the local motion of the crosslinked Gd(iii) chelate. The versatility of RAFT polymerization of Gd(iii) monomers and crosslinkers opens the doors to more advanced polymeric CAs capable of multimodal, bioresponsive or targeting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Berki
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
| | - Jonathan Martinelli
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale I15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale I15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Helen Willcock
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
| | - Stephen J Butler
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
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Jenni S, Bolze F, Bonnet CS, Pallier A, Sour A, Tóth É, Ventura B, Heitz V. Synthesis and In Vitro Studies of a Gd(DOTA)-Porphyrin Conjugate for Combined MRI and Photodynamic Treatment. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14389-14398. [PMID: 32960580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of developing new molecular theranostic agents, a π-extended Zn(II) porphyrin as photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) linked to two GdDOTA-type complexes for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection was synthesized. The relaxivity studies revealed a much higher relaxivity value per Gd ion for this medium sized molecule (19.32 mM-1 s-1 at 20 MHz and 298 K) compared to clinical contrast agents-a value which strongly increases in the presence of bovine serum albumin, reaching 25.22 mM-1 s-1. Moreover, the photophysical studies showed the strong ability of the molecule to absorb light in the deep red (670 nm, ε ≈ 60000 M-1 cm-1) and in the near-infrared following two-photon excitation (920 nm, σ2 ≈ 650 GM). The conjugate is also able to generate singlet oxygen, with a quantum yield of 0.58 in DMSO. Promising results were obtained in cellular studies, demonstrating that the conjugate is internalized in HeLa cells at micromolar concentration and leads to 70% of cell death following 30 min irradiation at 660 nm. These results confirm the potential of the designed molecule as an imaging and therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Jenni
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Bolze
- CAMB, UMR 7199, Unistra/CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Célia S Bonnet
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, rue Charles Sadron, CS 80054, 45071 Cedex 2 Orléans, France
| | - Agnès Pallier
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, rue Charles Sadron, CS 80054, 45071 Cedex 2 Orléans, France
| | - Angélique Sour
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Éva Tóth
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, rue Charles Sadron, CS 80054, 45071 Cedex 2 Orléans, France
| | | | - Valérie Heitz
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Gallo E, Rosa E, Diaferia C, Rossi F, Tesauro D, Accardo A. Systematic overview of soft materials as a novel frontier for MRI contrast agents. RSC Adv 2020; 10:27064-27080. [PMID: 35515779 PMCID: PMC9055484 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03194a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a well-known diagnostic technique used to obtain high quality images in a non-invasive manner. In order to increase the contrast between normal and pathological regions in the human body, positive (T1) or negative (T2) contrast agents (CAs) are commonly intravenously administered. The most efficient class of T1-CAs are based on kinetically stable and thermodynamically inert gadolinium complexes. In the last two decades many novel macro- and supramolecular CAs have been proposed. These approaches have been optimized to increase the performance of the CAs in terms of the relaxivity values and to reduce the administered dose, decreasing the toxicity and giving better safety and pharmacokinetic profiles. The improved performances may also allow further information to be gained on the pathological and physiological state of the human body. The goal of this review is to report a systematic overview of the nanostructurated CAs obtained and developed by manipulating soft materials at the nanometer scale. Specifically, our attention is centered on recent examples of fibers, hydrogels and nanogel formulations, that seem particularly promising for overcoming the problematic issues that have recently pushed the European Medicines Agency (EMA) to withdraw linear CAs from the market. Gd(iii)-nanostructurated Constrast Agents (CAs) for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can be designed and developed by manipulating soft material, including fibers, hydrogels and nanogels, in the nanometer scale.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Gallo
- IRCCS SDN Via E. Gianturco 113 80143 Napoli Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rosa
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples "Federico II" Via Mezzocannone 16 80134-Naples Italy
| | - Carlo Diaferia
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples "Federico II" Via Mezzocannone 16 80134-Naples Italy
| | - Filomena Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples "Federico II" Via Mezzocannone 16 80134-Naples Italy
| | - Diego Tesauro
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples "Federico II" Via Mezzocannone 16 80134-Naples Italy
| | - Antonella Accardo
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples "Federico II" Via Mezzocannone 16 80134-Naples Italy
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Fawwaz M, Mishiro K, Nishii R, Sawazaki I, Shiba K, Kinuya S, Ogawa K. Synthesis and Fundamental Evaluation of Radioiodinated Rociletinib (CO-1686) as a Probe to Lung Cancer with L858R/T790M Mutations of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Molecules 2020; 25:E2914. [PMID: 32599930 PMCID: PMC7356761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rociletinib (CO-1686), a 2,4-diaminopyrimidine derivative, is a highly potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that acts on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with L858R/T790M mutations. We supposed radioiodinated CO-1686 would function as a useful tool for monitoring EGFR L858R/T790M mutations. To aid in patient selection before therapy with EGFR-TKIs, this study aimed to develop a 125I-labeled derivative of CO-1686, N-{3-[(2-{[4-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl]amino}-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-4-yl] amino}-5-([125I]iodophenyl)acrylamide ([125I]ICO1686) and evaluate its selectivity toward EGFR L858R/T790M. Radiosynthesis was performed by iododestannylation of the corresponding tributylstannyl precursor with [125I]NaI and N-chlorosuccinimide. The selectivity of the tracer for detecting EGFR L858R/T790M was evaluated using three relevant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines-H1975, H3255 and H441 overexpressing the dual mutation EGFR L858R/T790M, active mutant EGFR L858R and wild-type EGFR, respectively. The nonradioactive ICO1686 and the precursor compound were successfully synthesized. A novel radiolabeled probe, [125I]ICO1686, was prepared with high radiochemical yield (77%) and purity (>99%). ICO1686 exhibited high cytotoxicity toward H1975 (IC50 0.20 ± 0.05 μM) and H3255 (IC50 0.50 ± 0.21 μM), which is comparable to that of CO-1686. In contrast, the cytotoxicity of ICO1686 toward H441 was 10-fold lower than that toward H1975. In the cell uptake study, the radioactivity uptake of [125I]ICO1686 in H1975 was 101.52% dose/mg, whereas the uptakes in H3255 and H441 were 33.52 and 8.95% dose/mg, respectively. The uptake of [125I]ICO1686 in H1975 was greatly reduced to 45.61% dose/mg protein by treatment with excess CO-1686. In vivo biodistribution study of the radiotracer found that its accumulation in H1975 tumor (1.77 ± 0.43% ID/g) was comparable to that in H3255 tumor (1.63 ± 0.23% ID/g) and the accumulation in H1975 tumor was not reduced by pretreatment with an excess dose of CO-1686. Although this radiotracer exhibited highly specific in vitro uptake in target cancer cells, structural modification is required to improve in vivo biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muammar Fawwaz
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; (M.F.); (I.S.); (S.K.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Urip Sumoharjo KM. 10, Makassar 90-231, Indonesia
| | - Kenji Mishiro
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | - Ryuichi Nishii
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRST), QST, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan;
| | - Izumi Sawazaki
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; (M.F.); (I.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Kazuhiro Shiba
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan;
| | - Seigo Kinuya
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; (M.F.); (I.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Kazuma Ogawa
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; (M.F.); (I.S.); (S.K.)
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan;
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Fragai M, Ravera E, Tedoldi F, Luchinat C, Parigi G. Relaxivity of Gd-Based MRI Contrast Agents in Crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid as a Model for Tissues. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2204-2209. [PMID: 31298452 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of MRI contrast agents depends on the relaxation rate enhancement that they can induce at imaging fields. It is well known that, at these fields, large relaxation rates are obtained by binding of gadolinium(III) ions to large molecules. By the same token, the interaction of the gadolinium(III) complexes with macromolecules that are found in biological tissues can be responsible for an increase of the relaxation rate with respect to the value observed in liquids. We investigate here the relaxation enhancement of gadoteridol (Gd-HP-DO3A) in crosslinked hyaluronic acid, taken as model tissue, using fast field-cycling relaxometry. The analysis of the relaxation profiles as a function of the magnetic fields indicates that a sizable increase in the relaxation rates is due to a modest interaction of the contrast agent with the hydrogel and to the slower mobility of the water molecules outside the first-coordination sphere of the gadolinium(III) ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fragai
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP), via Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Enrico Ravera
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP), via Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fabio Tedoldi
- Bracco Imaging Spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010, Colleretto Giacosa (TO), Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP), via Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP), via Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Lux J, Sherry AD. Advances in gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent designs for monitoring biological processes in vivo. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 45:121-130. [PMID: 29751253 PMCID: PMC6076858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The gadolinium-based contrast agents widely used in diagnostic MRI exams for 30 years are all small molecule agents that distribute into all extracellular spaces in tissues without providing any specific biological information. Although many 'responsive agent' designs have been presented over the past 20 years or so, none have found use in clinical diagnostic medicine at this point. This review summarizes some recent approaches taken to enhance the sensitivity of such gadolinium-based agents, to target them to specific tissue components, and to create new systems for monitoring specific biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lux
- Department of Radiology and the Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, United States
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Department of Radiology and the Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, United States.
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12
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Gheran CV, Rigaux G, Callewaert M, Berquand A, Molinari M, Chuburu F, Voicu SN, Dinischiotu A. Biocompatibility of Gd-Loaded Chitosan-Hyaluronic Acid Nanogels as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Cancer Imaging. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8040201. [PMID: 29597306 PMCID: PMC5923531 DOI: 10.3390/nano8040201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the research on nanogels incorporating Gd chelates for theranostic applications has grown exponentially in recent years, knowledge about their biocompatibility is limited. We compared the biocompatibility of Gd-loaded hyaluronic acid-chitosan-based nanogels (GdCA⊂CS-TPP/HA) with two chitosan concentrations (2.5 and 1.5 mg·mL−1 respectively) using SVEC4-10 murine lymph node endothelial cells. The sulforhodamine B method and released lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were used as cell viability tests. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods. Nrf-2 protein expression was evaluated by Western blot analysis and genotoxicity by alkaline comet assay. After 24 h, the cells viability was not affected by all types and doses of nanogels. The increase of ROS induced a low decrease of GSH concentration and a time-dependent raise of MDA one was produced by citric GdDOTA⊂CS-TPP/HA with a chitosan concentration of 1.5 mg·mL−1, at the highest dose applied. None of the tested nanogels induced changes in Nrf-2 protein expression. A slight but significant genotoxic effect was caused only by citric GdDOTA⊂CS-TPP/HA where CS concentration was 1.5 mg·mL−1. Our results showed a better biocompatibility with lymph node endothelial cells for Gd-loaded hyaluronic acid-chitosan based nanogels with a concentration in chitosan of 2.5 mg·mL−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Virginia Gheran
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Guillaume Rigaux
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne URCA, F-51685 Reims CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Maité Callewaert
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne URCA, F-51685 Reims CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Alexandre Berquand
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences-EA 4682, Plate-forme Nano'Mat, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne URCA, F-51685 Reims CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Michael Molinari
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences-EA 4682, Plate-forme Nano'Mat, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne URCA, F-51685 Reims CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Françoise Chuburu
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne URCA, F-51685 Reims CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Sorina Nicoleta Voicu
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, 004051 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
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Ekkelenkamp AE, Elzes MR, Engbersen JFJ, Paulusse JMJ. Responsive crosslinked polymer nanogels for imaging and therapeutics delivery. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:210-235. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02239e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanogels are water-soluble crosslinked polymer networks with tremendous potential in targeted imaging and controlled drug and gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonie E. Ekkelenkamp
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
| | - M. Rachèl Elzes
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
| | - Johan F. J. Engbersen
- Department of Controlled Drug Delivery
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
| | - Jos M. J. Paulusse
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
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14
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Sun W, Thies S, Zhang J, Peng C, Tang G, Shen M, Pich A, Shi X. Gadolinium-Loaded Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) Nanogels: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application for Enhanced Tumor MR Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:3411-3418. [PMID: 28067034 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) nanogels (PVCL NGs) loaded with gadolinium (Gd) for tumor MR imaging applications. The PVCL NGs were synthesized via precipitation polymerization using the monomer N-vinylcaprolactam (VCL), the comonomer acrylic acid (AAc), and the degradable cross-linker 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro-[5,5]-undecane (VOU) in aqueous solution, followed by covalently binding with 2,2',2″-(10-(4-((2-aminoethyl)amino)-1-carboxy-4-oxobutyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triyl) triacetic acid (NH2-DOTA-GA)/Gd complexes. We show that the formed Gd-loaded PVCL NGs (PVCL-Gd NGs) having a size of 180.67 ± 11.04 nm are water dispersible, colloidally stable, uniform in size distribution, and noncytotoxic in a range of the studied concentrations. The PVCL-Gd NGs also display a r1 relaxivity (6.38-7.10 mM-1 s-1), which is much higher than the clinically used Gd chelates. These properties afforded the use of the PVCL-Gd NGs as an effective positive contrast agent for enhanced MR imaging of cancer cells in vitro as well as a subcutaneous tumor model in vivo. Our study suggests that the developed PVCL-Gd NGs could be applied as a promising contrast agent for T1-weighted MR imaging of diverse biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fiber and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Sabrina Thies
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jiulong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Peng
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fiber and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fiber and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
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15
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Kairdolf BA, Qian X, Nie S. Bioconjugated Nanoparticles for Biosensing, in Vivo Imaging, and Medical Diagnostics. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1015-1031. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brad A. Kairdolf
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Ximei Qian
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Shuming Nie
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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16
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Soni KS, Desale SS, Bronich TK. Nanogels: An overview of properties, biomedical applications and obstacles to clinical translation. J Control Release 2016; 240:109-126. [PMID: 26571000 PMCID: PMC4862943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanogels have emerged as a versatile hydrophilic platform for encapsulation of guest molecules with a capability to respond to external stimuli that can be used for a multitude of applications. These are soft materials capable of holding small molecular therapeutics, biomacromolecules, and inorganic nanoparticles within their crosslinked networks, which allows them to find applications for therapy as well as imaging of a variety of disease conditions. Their stimuli-responsive behavior can be easily controlled by selection of constituent polymer and crosslinker components to achieve a desired response at the site of action, which imparts nanogels the ability to participate actively in the intended function of the carrier system rather than being passive carriers of their cargo. These properties not only enhance the functionality of the carrier system but also help in overcoming many of the challenges associated with the delivery of cargo molecules, and this review aims to highlight the distinct and unique capabilities of nanogels as carrier systems for the delivery of an array of cargo molecules over other nanomaterials. Despite their obvious usefulness, nanogels are still not a commonplace occurrence in clinical practice. We have also made an attempt to highlight some of the major challenges that need to be overcome to advance nanogels further in the field of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruti S Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA
| | - Swapnil S Desale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA
| | - Tatiana K Bronich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA.
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17
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Johnson NJJ, He S, Nguyen Huu VA, Almutairi A. Compact Micellization: A Strategy for Ultrahigh T1 Magnetic Resonance Contrast with Gadolinium-Based Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2016; 10:8299-8307. [PMID: 27588579 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Paramagnetic gadolinium (Gd(3+))-based nanocrystals (NCs) with a large number of confined gadolinium ions can be expected to heavily enhance the longitudinal (T1) relaxation of water protons compared to clinical gadolinium complexes with only a single paramagnetic center. However, paramagnetic Gd(3+)-NCs reported to date show only a modest T1 relaxivity of ∼10 mM(-1) s(-1) per Gd(3+) at 1.5 T, only about 3-times higher than clinical Gd(3+) complexes. Here we demonstrate a strategy that achieves ultrahigh T1 relaxivity that is about 25-times higher than clinical Gd(3+) complexes by controlling the proximity of water protons to a paramagnetic NC surface. Using NaGdF4 NCs (∼3 nm) coated with PEG-ylated phospholipid (DSPE-PEG) micelles, we show that the distance of water protons to the NCs surface can be tuned by controlling the NC-micelle sizes. Increasing the ratio of DSPE-PEG to NCs during micellization decreases the size of NC-micelles, enhancing the proximity of water to the NC surface. Using this strategy, we have achieved compact NC-micelles (hydrodynamic diameter, HD ∼ 5 nm) with ultrahigh T1 relaxivity of ∼80 mM(-1) s(-1) per Gd(3+) at 1.41 T. The findings reported here demonstrate a nanostructured Gd(3+)-contrast agent (CA) that simultaneously achieves an ultrahigh T1 relaxivity approaching theoretical predictions, extremely compact size (HD < 5 nm), and a biocompatible surface. Our results show the hitherto unknown ultrahigh T1 relaxation enhancement of water protons in close proximity to a colloidal gadolinium-NC surface that is achievable by precise control of their surface structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah J J Johnson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sha He
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Viet Anh Nguyen Huu
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Adah Almutairi
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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18
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Molina M, Asadian-Birjand M, Balach J, Bergueiro J, Miceli E, Calderón M. Stimuli-responsive nanogel composites and their application in nanomedicine. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 44:6161-86. [PMID: 26505057 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00199d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanogels are nanosized crosslinked polymer networks capable of absorbing large quantities of water. Specifically, smart nanogels are interesting because of their ability to respond to biomedically relevant changes like pH, temperature, etc. In the last few decades, hybrid nanogels or composites have been developed to overcome the ever increasing demand for new materials in this field. In this context, a hybrid refers to nanogels combined with different polymers and/or with nanoparticles such as plasmonic, magnetic, and carbonaceous nanoparticles, among others. Research activities are focused nowadays on using multifunctional hybrid nanogels in nanomedicine, not only as drug carriers but also as imaging and theranostic agents. In this review, we will describe nanogels, particularly in the form of composites or hybrids applied in nanomedicine.
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19
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20
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Chan M, Almutairi A. Nanogels as imaging agents for modalities spanning the electromagnetic spectrum. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2016; 3:21-40. [PMID: 27398218 PMCID: PMC4906372 DOI: 10.1039/c5mh00161g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, advances in imaging equipment and protocols have expanded the role of imaging in in vivo diagnosis and disease management, especially in cancer. Traditional imaging agents have rapid clearance and low specificity for disease detection. To improve accuracy in disease identification, localization and assessment, novel nanomaterials are frequently explored as imaging agents to achieve high detection specificity and sensitivity. A promising material for this purpose are hydrogel nanoparticles, whose high hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and tunable size in the nanometer range make them ideal for imaging. These nanogels (10 to 200 nm) can circumvent uptake by the reticuloendothelial system, allowing longer circulation times than small molecules. In addition, their size/surface properties can be further tailored to optimize their pharmacokinetics for imaging of a particular disease. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of nanogels as imaging agents in various modalities with sources of signal spanning the electromagnetic spectrum, including MRI, NIR, UV-vis, and PET. Many materials and formulation methods will be reviewed to highlight the versatility of nanogels as imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minnie Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , San Diego , La Jolla , CA 92093-0600 , USA
| | - Adah Almutairi
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , KACST-UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine , Laboratory of Bioresponsive Materials , University of California , 9500 Gilman Dr., 0600 , PSB 2270 , La Jolla , San Diego , CA 92093-0600 , USA . ; Tel: +1 (858) 246 0871
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21
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Sierra-Martin B, Fernandez-Barbero A. Multifunctional hybrid nanogels for theranostic applications. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8205-8216. [PMID: 26371991 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01789k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews a wide set of theranostic applications based on the special properties associated with composite nanogels. The nanogels presented here are mostly hybridized with quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles, and plasmonic metal noble nanoparticles. These inorganic components confer nanogels multifunctional properties that extend their applications from drug delivery systems to diagnosis and therapy. Nanogels can also be surface functionalized with specific ligands to achieve targeted therapy and reduce toxicity. This versatility makes hybrid nanogels very promising agents for imaging, diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sierra-Martin
- Applied Physics Section, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain.
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22
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Chan M, Lux J, Nishimura T, Akiyoshi K, Almutairi A. Long-Lasting and Efficient Tumor Imaging Using a High Relaxivity Polysaccharide Nanogel Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:2964-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomoki Nishimura
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for
Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bionanotransporter Project, Katsura Int’tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for
Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bionanotransporter Project, Katsura Int’tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
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23
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Lux F, Sancey L, Bianchi A, Crémillieux Y, Roux S, Tillement O. Gadolinium-based nanoparticles for theranostic MRI-radiosensitization. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:1801-15. [PMID: 25715316 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid development of gadolinium-based nanoparticles is observed due to their attractive properties as MRI-positive contrast agents. Indeed, they display high relaxivity, adapted biodistribution and passive uptake in the tumor thanks to enhanced permeability and retention effect. In addition to these imaging properties, it has been recently shown that they can act as effective radiosensitizers under different types of irradiation (radiotherapy, neutron therapy or hadron therapy). These new therapeutic modalities pave the way to therapy guided by imaging and to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Lux
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Lucie Sancey
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Andrea Bianchi
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, CNRS UMR5536, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yannick Crémillieux
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, CNRS UMR5536, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Roux
- Institut UTINAM, UMR6213 UFC-CNRS, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon cedex, France
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
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Misra SK, Kim B, Kolmodin NJ, Pan D. A dual strategy for sensing metals with a nano ‘pincer’ scavenger for in vitro diagnostics and detection of liver diseases from blood samples. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 126:444-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lux J, White AG, Chan M, Anderson CJ, Almutairi A. Nanogels from metal-chelating crosslinkers as versatile platforms applied to copper-64 PET imaging of tumors and metastases. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:277-88. [PMID: 25553115 PMCID: PMC4279191 DOI: 10.7150/thno.10904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals are essential in medicine for both therapy and diagnosis. We recently created the first metal-chelating nanogel imaging agent, which employed versatile, reproducible chemistry that maximizes chelation stability. Here we demonstrate that our metal chelating crosslinked nanogel technology is a powerful platform by incorporating (64)Cu to obtain PET radiotracers. Polyacrylamide-based nanogels were crosslinked with three different polydentate ligands (DTPA, DOTA, NOTA). NOTA-based nanogels stably retained (64)Cu in mouse serum and accumulated in tumors in vivo as detected by PET/CT imaging. Measurement of radioactivity in major organs ex vivo confirmed this pattern, revealing a high accumulation (12.3% ID/g and 16.6% ID/g) in tumors at 24 and 48 h following administration, with lower accumulation in the liver (8.5% ID/g at 24 h) and spleen (5.5% ID/g). Nanogels accumulated even more efficiently in metastases (29.9% and 30.4% ID/g at 24 and 48 h). These metal-chelating nanogels hold great promise for future application as bimodal PET/MRI agents; chelation of β-emitting radionuclides could enable radiation therapy.
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Rigaux G, Roullin VG, Cadiou C, Portefaix C, Van Gulick L, Bœuf G, Andry MC, Hoeffel C, Vander Elst L, Laurent S, Muller R, Molinari M, Chuburu F. A new magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent loaded into poly(lacide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles for long-term detection of tumors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:445103. [PMID: 25325295 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/44/445103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of a lipophilic Gd chelate (GdDO3A-C12) in biocompatible PLGA poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles was explored as an approach to increase the relaxivity of contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. By nanoprecipitation, it was possible to obtain PEGylated gadolinium nanoparticles (mean diameter of 155 nm) with high Gd loading (1.1 × 10(4) Gd centers per nanoparticle). The corresponding GdDO3AC12 ⊂ NPs nanoparticles exhibited an enhanced relaxivity (up to sixfold greater than DOTAREM® at 40 MHz) because the nanoparticle framework constrained the lipophilic Gd chelate motion and favorably impacted the Gd chelate rotational correlation time. T1-weighted imaging at 3 T on phantoms showed enhanced contrast for the GdDO3AC12 ⊂ NPs. Importantly, Gd chelate leakage was almost nonexistent, which suggested that these GdDO3AC12 ⊂ NPs could be useful for long-term MRI detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rigaux
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Bâtiment 18-Europol'Agro, BP1039, F-51687 Reims Cedex 2, France. Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, UFR Pharmacie Reims, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, F-51100 Reims, France
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27
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Le Duc G, Roux S, Paruta-Tuarez A, Dufort S, Brauer E, Marais A, Truillet C, Sancey L, Perriat P, Lux F, Tillement O. Advantages of gadolinium based ultrasmall nanoparticles vs molecular gadolinium chelates for radiotherapy guided by MRI for glioma treatment. Cancer Nanotechnol 2014; 5:4. [PMID: 26561512 PMCID: PMC4631720 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-014-0004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AGuIX nanoparticles are formed of a polysiloxane network surrounded by gadolinium chelates. They present several characteristics. They are easy to produce, they present very small hydrodynamic diameters (<5 nm) and they are biodegradable through hydrolysis of siloxane bonds. Such degradation was evaluated in diluted conditions at physiological pH by dynamic light scattering and relaxometry. AGuIX nanoparticles are also known as positive contrast agents and efficient radiosensitizers. The aim of this paper is to compare their efficiency for magnetic resonance imaging and radiosensitization to those of the commercial gadolinium based molecular agent: DOTAREM®. An experiment with healthy animals was conducted and the MRI pictures we obtained show a better contrast with the AguIX compared to the DOTAREM® for the same amount of injected gadolinium in the animal. The better contrast obtained after injection of Aguix than DOTAREM® is due to a higher longitudinal relaxivity and a residential time in the blood circulation that is two times higher. A fast and large increase in the contrast is also observed by MRI after an intravenous injection of the AGuIX in 9 L gliosarcoma bearing rats, and a plateau is reached seven minutes after the injection. We established a radiotherapy protocol consisting of an irradiation by microbeam radiation therapy 20 minutes after the injection of a specific quantity of gadolinium. After microbeam radiation therapy, no notable difference in median survival time was observed in the presence or absence of gadolinium chelates (38 and 44 days respectively). In comparison, the median survival time is increased to 102.5 days with AGuIX particles showing their interest in this nanomedicine protocol. This remarkable radiosensitizing effect could be explained by the persistent tumor uptake of the particles, inducing a significant nanoscale dose deposition under irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Le Duc
- ID17 Biomedical Beamline, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Roux
- Institut UTINAM, UMR 6213 UFC-CNRS, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, Cedex France
| | - Amandine Paruta-Tuarez
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306 Université Lyon 1 - CNRS, Team FENNEC, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, Cedex France
| | - Sandrine Dufort
- Nano-H S.A.S, 2 Place de l'Europe, 38070 Saint Quentin-Fallavier, France
| | - Elke Brauer
- ID17 Biomedical Beamline, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Arthur Marais
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306 Université Lyon 1 - CNRS, Team FENNEC, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, Cedex France
| | - Charles Truillet
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306 Université Lyon 1 - CNRS, Team FENNEC, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, Cedex France
| | - Lucie Sancey
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306 Université Lyon 1 - CNRS, Team FENNEC, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, Cedex France
| | - Pascal Perriat
- MATEIS, UMR 5510 INSA Lyon - CNRS, INSA Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - François Lux
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306 Université Lyon 1 - CNRS, Team FENNEC, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, Cedex France
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306 Université Lyon 1 - CNRS, Team FENNEC, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, Cedex France
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Callewaert M, Roullin VG, Cadiou C, Millart E, Van Gulik L, Andry MC, Portefaix C, Hoeffel C, Laurent S, Elst LV, Muller R, Molinari M, Chuburu F. Tuning the composition of biocompatible Gd nanohydrogels to achieve hypersensitive dual T1/T2 MRI contrast agents. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:6397-6405. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00783b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of hydrogel nanoparticles incorporating MRI contrast agents (GdDOTP and MS325) as potential cross-linkers were elaborated by an easy and robust ionotropic gelation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maité Callewaert
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims
- CNRS UMR 7312
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne
- UFR de Pharmacie
- 51100 Reims, France
| | - Valérie Gaëlle Roullin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims
- CNRS UMR 7312
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne
- UFR de Pharmacie
- 51100 Reims, France
| | - Cyril Cadiou
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims
- CNRS UMR 7312
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne
- 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Elodie Millart
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims
- CNRS UMR 7312
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne
- UFR de Pharmacie
- 51100 Reims, France
| | - Laurence Van Gulik
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie
- CNRS 3481 MEDyC
- UFR Pharmacie
- 51095 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Marie Christine Andry
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims
- CNRS UMR 7312
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne
- UFR de Pharmacie
- 51100 Reims, France
| | - Christophe Portefaix
- Service de Radiologie
- CHU de Reims – Hôpital Maison Blanche
- 51092 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Christine Hoeffel
- Service de Radiologie
- CHU de Reims – Hôpital Maison Blanche
- 51092 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Univ. Mons
- NMR & Mol. Imaging Lab
- Dept Gen Organ & Biomed Chem
- B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Luce Vander Elst
- Univ. Mons
- NMR & Mol. Imaging Lab
- Dept Gen Organ & Biomed Chem
- B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging
| | - Robert Muller
- Univ. Mons
- NMR & Mol. Imaging Lab
- Dept Gen Organ & Biomed Chem
- B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging
| | - Michael Molinari
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences
- EA4682 Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne
- 51685 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Françoise Chuburu
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims
- CNRS UMR 7312
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne
- 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
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