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Grębowski R, Saluk J, Bijak M, Szemraj J, Wigner-Jeziorska P. The role of SOD2 and NOS2 genes in the molecular aspect of bladder cancer pathophysiology. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14491. [PMID: 37660159 PMCID: PMC10475080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a severe health problem of the genitourinary system and is characterised by a high risk of recurrence. According to the recent GLOBOCAN report, bladder cancer accounts for 3% of diagnosed cancers in the world, taking 10th place on the list of the most common cancers. Despite numerous studies, the full mechanism of BC development remains unknown. Nevertheless, precious results suggest a crucial role of oxidative stress in the development of BC. Therefore, this study explores whether the c. 47 C > T (rs4880)-SOD2, (c. 1823 C > T (rs2297518) and g.-1026 C > A (rs2779249)-NOS2(iNOS) polymorphisms are associated with BC occurrence and whether the bladder carcinogenesis induces changes in SOD2 and NOS2 expression and methylation status in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In this aim, the TaqMan SNP genotyping assay, TaqMan Gene Expression Assay, and methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting techniques were used to genotype profiling and evaluate the expression of the genes and the methylation status of their promoters, respectively. Our findings confirm that heterozygote of the g.-1026 C > A SNP was associated with a decreased risk of BC. Moreover, we detected that BC development influenced the expression level and methylation status of the promoter region of investigated genes in PBMCs. Concluding, our results confirmed that oxidative stress, especially NOS2 polymorphisms and changes in the expression and methylation of the promoters of SOD2 and NOS2 are involved in the cancer transformation initiation of the cell urinary bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Grębowski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland, Mazowiecka 6/8, 90-001
- Department of Urology, Provincial Integrated Hospital in Plock, Plock, Poland, Medyczna 19, 09-400
| | - Joanna Saluk
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236
| | - Michał Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland, Mazowiecka 6/8, 90-001
| | - Paulina Wigner-Jeziorska
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236.
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Proteomic Profiling of Plasma-Derived Biomarkers in Patients with Bladder Cancer: A Step towards Clinical Translation. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121294. [PMID: 34947825 PMCID: PMC8704559 DOI: 10.3390/life11121294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer is a life-threatening disease and a major cause of cancer-associated complications. The main challenges confronted during the clinical management of bladder cancer are associated with recurrence and disease progression to the muscle-invasive phenotype. Improved early detection of the disease is of paramount importance to prevent disease progression and improve survival. Hence, novel clinically applicable biomarkers for early detection are warranted. Methods: In the current study, a comparative proteomic approach was undertaken using plasma samples to identify protein biomarkers associated with the muscle-invasive phenotype of bladder carcinoma. Isolated plasma proteins were depleted, DIGE-labeled, then subjected to conventional 2D electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry for identification of differentially expressed proteins. Western blot was used for data validation. Results: Fourteen differentially expressed proteins with statistically significant changes in abundance between the cancer group and control group were identified. Three differentially expressed proteins were selected for validation, among which apolipoprotein A1 exhibited high specificity and sensitivity (AUC = 0.906). Ingenuity pathway analysis identified IFN-γ and TNF-α as the main signaling hub for the differentially regulated proteins. Conclusion: Our findings provide additional insight into understanding bladder cancer pathogenesis. Our data identified potential non-invasive plasma-derived biomarker proteins that merit additional investigation to validate its clinical usefulness to prevent bladder cancer progression.
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Dardeer KT, Mohammed KA, Hussein TD, Elsheemy MS. Apolipoprotein A1 as a novel urinary biomarker for diagnosis of bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Urol 2021; 37:217-225. [PMID: 34465950 PMCID: PMC8388338 DOI: 10.4103/iju.iju_69_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The emergence of urinary biomarkers for bladder cancer diagnosis could provide a reliable and less invasive diagnostic method. It could be also used as an adjuvant to the current gold standards of cytology and cystoscopy to improve diagnostic accuracy and decrease the percentage of false positives. Methods: We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science up to March 18, 2020. We selected four studies that assessed the diagnostic accuracy of urinary apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA-1) in detecting bladder cancer and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two authors independently extracted the data and performed quality assessment of the studies. Results: Four studies with 771 participants were selected; 417 were bladder cancer patients and 354 were controls. Bladder cancer was either transitional cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, the stages varied between Ta to T3, and the grades varied between G1 and G3. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were 90.7%, 90%, 9.478, 0.1, and 99.424, respectively. Summary receiver operating characteristic curve showed an area under the curve of 0.9544 and Q* index of 0.8965. Conclusions: ApoA-1 showed high sensitivity and specificity, so it could be a useful biomarker in diagnosis of bladder cancer.
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Humayun-Zakaria N, Ward DG, Arnold R, Bryan RT. Trends in urine biomarker discovery for urothelial bladder cancer: DNA, RNA, or protein? Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:2787-2808. [PMID: 34295762 PMCID: PMC8261432 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer is a complex disease displaying a landscape of heterogenous molecular subtypes, mutation profiles and clinical presentations. Diagnosis and surveillance rely on flexible cystoscopy which has high accuracy, albeit accompanied by a high-cost burden for healthcare providers and discomfort for patients. Advances in "omic" technologies and computational biology have provided insights into the molecular pathogenesis of bladder cancer and provided powerful tools to identify markers for disease detection, risk stratification, and predicting responses to therapy. To date, numerous attempts have been made to discover and validate diagnostic biomarkers that could be deployed as an adjunct to the cystoscopic diagnosis and long-term surveillance of bladder cancer. We report a comprehensive literature analysis using PubMed to assess the changing trends in investigating DNA, RNA, or proteins as diagnostic urinary biomarkers over a period of 5 decades: 1970-2020. A gradual shift has been observed in research away from protein biomarkers to nucleic acids including different classes of RNA, and DNA methylation and mutation markers. Until 2000, publications involving protein biomarker discovery constituted 87% of the total number of research articles with DNA comprising 6% and RNA 7%. Since 2000 the proportion of protein biomarker articles has fallen to 40%, and DNA and RNA studies increased to 32% and 28%, respectively. Clearly research focus, perhaps driven by technological innovation, has shifted from proteins to nucleic acids. We optimistically hypothesise that, following thorough validation, a clinically useful detection test for bladder cancer based on a panel of DNA or RNA markers could become reality within 5-10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Humayun-Zakaria
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Douglas G Ward
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roland Arnold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard T Bryan
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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5
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Aitekenov S, Gaipov A, Bukasov R. Review: Detection and quantification of proteins in human urine. Talanta 2020; 223:121718. [PMID: 33303164 PMCID: PMC7554478 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Extensive medical research showed that patients, with high protein concentration in urine, have various kinds of kidney diseases, referred to as proteinuria. Urinary protein biomarkers are useful for diagnosis of many health conditions – kidney and cardio vascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, infections. This review focuses on the instrumental quantification (electrophoresis, chromatography, immunoassays, mass spectrometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, the infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy) of proteins (the most of all albumin) in human urine matrix. Different techniques provide unique information on what constituents of the urine are. Due to complex nature of urine, a separation step by electrophoresis or chromatography are often used for proteomics study of urine. Mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for the discovery and the analysis of biomarkers in urine, however, costs of the analysis are high, especially for quantitative analysis. Immunoassays, which often come with fluorescence detection, are major qualitative and quantitative tools in clinical analysis. While Infrared and Raman spectroscopies do not give extensive information about urine, they could become important tools for the routine clinical diagnostics of kidney problems, due to rapidness and low-cost. Thus, it is important to review all the applicable techniques and methods related to urine analysis. In this review, a brief overview of each technique's principle is introduced. Where applicable, research papers about protein determination in urine are summarized with the main figures of merits, such as the limit of detection, the detectable range, recovery and accuracy, when available. Urinary protein biomarkers are useful for diagnosis of many conditions: kidney and cardio vascular diseases, cancers. Liquid chromatography – mass spectroscopy is a powerful tool for urine proteomics, but used mostly in science. Immunoassays are widely used in both clinical and bio-analytical laboratories. IR and Raman spectroscopies are promising tools for diagnostics of urine due to low-cost and rapidness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Aitekenov
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Department of Chemistry, Nazarbaev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Abduzhappar Gaipov
- School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Nazarbaev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Rostislav Bukasov
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Department of Chemistry, Nazarbaev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
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Zhang W, Zhang XJ, Chao SY, Chen SJ, Zhang ZJ, Zhao J, Lv YN, Yao JJ, Bai YY. Update on urine as a biomarker in cancer: a necessary review of an old story. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:477-488. [PMID: 32212972 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1743687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer causes thousands of deaths worldwide each year. Therefore, monitoring of health status and the early diagnosis of cancer using noninvasive assays, such as the analysis of molecular biomarkers in urine, is essential. However, effective biomarkers for early diagnosis of cancer have not been established in many types of cancer.Areas covered: In this review, we discuss recent findings with regard to the use of urine composition as a biomarker in eleven types of cancer. We also highlight the use of urine biomarkers for improving early diagnosis.Expert opinion: Urinary biomarkers have been applied for clinical application of early diagnosis. The main limitation is a lack of integrated approaches for identification of new biomarkers in most cancer. The utilization of urinary biomarker detection will be promoted by improved detection methods and new data from different types of cancers. With the development of precision medicine, urinary biomarkers will play an increasingly important clinical role. Future early diagnosis would benefit from changes in the utilization of urinary biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao Jian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shen Yan Chao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Su Juan Chen
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Zi Jing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jian Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ya Nan Lv
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jing Jie Yao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yue Yu Bai
- Animal Health Supervision in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
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7
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Fu L, Zhang J, Li L, Yang Y, Yuan Y. Diagnostic accuracy of urinary survivin mRNA expression detected by RT-PCR compared with urine cytology in the detection of bladder cancer: A meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy in head-to-head studies. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:1165-1174. [PMID: 31966046 PMCID: PMC6955656 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is a promising marker for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. The accuracy and clinical value of urinary survivin mRNA expression were compared with urine cytology, which is the standard diagnostic method for bladder cancer. Scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, were searched in order to find studies that examined urinary survivin mRNA expression and urine cytology in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. Quality assessment was performed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool in Revman 5.3 and data analysis was conducted using Stata/MP. The I2 statistic was used to evaluate heterogeneity and Deeks' funnel plot was generated to assess the possibility of publication bias. A total of 15 studies that evaluated a total of 1,624 patients were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity values for the detection of urinary survivin mRNA expression in the diagnosis of bladder cancer were 0.86 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.81-0.90] and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.93-0.96), respectively. Regarding urine cytology, the pooled sensitivity and specificity values were 0.42 (95% CI, 0.36-0.48) and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.98-1.00), respectively. Furthermore, the differences in pooled sensitivity were statistically significant in the diagnosis of grade 1 and 2 bladder tumors. Summary receiver operating characteristic curve values for urinary survivin mRNA expression and urine cytology were 0.95 (95% CI, 0.93-0.97) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.83-0.89), respectively. Urinary survivin mRNA expression was also more accurate compared with other diagnostic indicators, including positive likelihood ratios, negative likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratios and Youden's index. Compared with traditional urine cytology, urinary survivin mRNA detection using reverse transcription-PCR was identified to be more effective in the diagnosis of early bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Fu
- Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Yuxing Yang
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumchi, Xinjiang 830001, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Yuan
- Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
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8
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Yang Y, Xu J, Zhang Q. Detection of urinary survivin using a magnetic particles-based chemiluminescence immunoassay for the preliminary diagnosis of bladder cancer and renal cell carcinoma combined with LAPTM4B. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7923-7933. [PMID: 29725479 PMCID: PMC5920492 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to establish a simple step magnetic particles (MPs) based chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) for the detection of urinary survivin, and to investigate the diagnostic value of urinary survivin and lysosome-associated protein transmembrane-4β (LAPTM4B) in bladder cancer (BC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The MPs-based CLEIA was developed on the basis of a double antibodies sandwich immunoreaction and luminol-H2O2 chemiluminescence system. The parameters of the method were optimized and evaluated. Urine samples were obtained from 200 BC patients, 81 RCC patients and 114 healthy individuals, and the MPs-based CLEIA method was employed to detect their urinary survivin. At the same time, the urinary LAPTM4B levels of the BC patients, RCC patients and the healthy controls were measured. The diagnostic efficiency of urinary survivin and LAPTM4B in BC and RCC was evaluated separately and jointly. A one-step MPs-based CLEIA for the detection of urinary survivin with good accuracy and precision was established. The signals were dependent on survivin concentrations in the range, 0 to 200 ng/ml, and the detection limit was 0.949 ng/ml. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were 0.771 in BC and 0.763 in RCC for urinary survivin. Urinary survivin was correlated with the tumor stage (P=0.002), lymph node metastasis (P=0.017), distant metastasis (P=0.005) and tumor size (P=0.02) of BC; however, no association with the clinicopathological parameters in RCC was observed. The AUCs for urinary LAPTM4B were 0.738 in BC and 0.704 in RCC, respectively. The AUCs for them combined were 0.842 in BC and 0.920 in RCC. The MPs-based CLEIA was performed well in the detection of urinary survivin. Urinary survivin and LAPTM4B could serve as potential biomarkers for the preliminary diagnosis of BC and RCC, and in combination they a achieved a greater diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Qingyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
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9
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Gogalic S, Sauer U, Doppler S, Preininger C. Investigating Colorimetric Protein Array Assay Schemes for Detection of Recurrence of Bladder Cancer. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2018; 8:bios8010010. [PMID: 29364182 PMCID: PMC5872058 DOI: 10.3390/bios8010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A colorimetric microarray for the multiplexed detection of recurrence of bladder cancer including protein markers interleukin-8 (IL8), decorin (DCN), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was established to enable easy and cheap read-out by a simple office scanner paving the way for quick therapy monitoring at doctors' offices. The chip is based on the principle of a sandwich immunoassay and was optimized prior to multiplexing using IL8 as a model marker. Six different colorimetric assay formats were evaluated using a detection antibody (dAB) labeled with (I) gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs), (II) carbon NPs, (III) oxidized carbon NPs, and a biotinylated dAB in combination with (IV) neutravidin-carbon, (V) streptavidin (strp)-gold, and (VI) strp-horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Assay Format (III) worked best for NP-based detection and showed a low background while the enzymatic approach, using 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate, led to the most intense signals with good reproducibility. Both assay formats showed consistent spot morphology as well as detection limits lower than 15 ng/L IL8 and were thus applied for the multiplexed detection of IL8, DCN, and VEGF in synthetic urine. Colorimetric detection in urine (1:3) yields reaction signals and measurement ranges well comparable with detection in the assay buffer, as well as excellent data reproducibility as indicated by the coefficient of variation (CV 5-9%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Gogalic
- Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln 3430, Austria.
| | - Ursula Sauer
- Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln 3430, Austria.
| | - Sara Doppler
- Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln 3430, Austria.
| | - Claudia Preininger
- Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln 3430, Austria.
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10
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Chang Y, Xu J, Zhang Q. Microplate magnetic chemiluminescence immunoassay for detecting urinary survivin in bladder cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4043-4052. [PMID: 28943911 PMCID: PMC5605963 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin is a tumor marker for bladder cancer; however the role of urinary survivin levels has not been fully elucidated due to the limitations of current detection methods. Based on two survivin-specific monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) already confirmed through enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, the present study aimed to establish a microplate magnetic chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) for the detection of urinary survivin levels and evaluate its application for the diagnosis of patients with bladder cancer. Horseradish peroxidase and biotin conjugates were used to label two different anti-survivin McAbs, respectively. The labeled antibodies combined with survivin to form a sandwiched immune complex. The streptavidin magnetic particles (MPs) served as the solid phase and the separator. The relevant parameters involved in the immunoassay, including the immunoassay reagents used and the physicochemical parameters were optimized. Then, urine samples from 130 patients with bladder cancer and 113 healthy controls were detected, and analyzed using the established method. The method was linear to 1,000 ng/ml survivin with a detection limit of 0.83 ng/ml. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were <8, and <11%, respectively. The concentration of diluted survivin and the dilution ratios gave a linear correlation of 0.9989. The results demonstrated that the urinary survivin levels in patients with bladder cancer were significantly higher (P<0.001) compared with that in healthy controls. At a survivin concentration of 2.0884 ng/ml, the sensitivity and specificity were 86.9 and 61.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the urinary survivin levels were positively correlated with metastatic stage, histological stage and recurrence (P<0.01). In conclusion, the present study preliminarily proposed a microplate magnetic CLIA for survivin detection and further evaluated the value of urinary survivin as a diagnostic marker for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Qingyun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
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11
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Wu H, Hao A, Cui H, Wu W, Yang H, Hu B, Li P. TRAF6 expression is associated with poorer prognosis and high recurrence in urothelial bladder cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2432-2438. [PMID: 28781679 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical significance of TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) expression in urothelial bladder cancer. TRAF6 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in 126 samples of patients with urothelial bladder cancer. The association between clinicopathological factors and TRAF6 expression was analyzed by χ2 test. The association between TRAF6 expression, overall survival rate and the recurrence-free survival rate was evaluated in univariate analysis with Kaplan-Meier test and in multivariate analysis with Cox-regression model. In the cohort tested, the rate of high TRAF6 expression was 61.9% (78/126). TRAF6 expression was demonstrated to be significantly associated with positive metastasis (P=0.001) with χ2 test. Furthermore, TRAF6 expression was demonstrated to be associated with overall survival rate (P=0.016) and recurrence-free survival rate (P=0.016). With Cox-regression model, it was indicate that TRAF6 high expression was an independent predictive factor of poor prognosis (P=0.037) and high recurrence (P=0.011). High TRAF6 expression may predict unfavorable prognosis and high recurrence in urothelial bladder cancer, indicating that TRAF6 may be a potential and promising therapeutic target in urothelial bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanli Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Aixia Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Honghong Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Huanrong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Baohong Hu
- East District of Shandong Provincial Hospital of Shandong Univeristy, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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12
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Sauer U. Analytical Protein Microarrays: Advancements Towards Clinical Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E256. [PMID: 28146048 PMCID: PMC5335935 DOI: 10.3390/s17020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Protein microarrays represent a powerful technology with the potential to serve as tools for the detection of a broad range of analytes in numerous applications such as diagnostics, drug development, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Key features of analytical protein microarrays include high throughput and relatively low costs due to minimal reagent consumption, multiplexing, fast kinetics and hence measurements, and the possibility of functional integration. So far, especially fundamental studies in molecular and cell biology have been conducted using protein microarrays, while the potential for clinical, notably point-of-care applications is not yet fully utilized. The question arises what features have to be implemented and what improvements have to be made in order to fully exploit the technology. In the past we have identified various obstacles that have to be overcome in order to promote protein microarray technology in the diagnostic field. Issues that need significant improvement to make the technology more attractive for the diagnostic market are for instance: too low sensitivity and deficiency in reproducibility, inadequate analysis time, lack of high-quality antibodies and validated reagents, lack of automation and portable instruments, and cost of instruments necessary for chip production and read-out. The scope of the paper at hand is to review approaches to solve these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Sauer
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
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Li N, Yi L, He Z, Zhang W, Li H, Lin JM. A DNA-directed covalent conjugation fluorescence probe for in vitro detection of functional matrix metalloproteinases. Analyst 2017; 142:634-640. [PMID: 28112295 DOI: 10.1039/c6an02339h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been considered to contribute to the progression of tumorigenesis and tumor invasion; MMP-9 in particular, has been regarded as a priority target in cancer treatment due to its massive up-regulation in malignant tissues and its ability to degrade type IV collagen. In this work, we employed a DNA-directed covalent conjugation method to design a fluorescence probe for in vitro detection of functional matrix metalloproteinases, by which a nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)-modified DNA probe can combine with the Zn2+ in the active site of MMPs, and then a molecule beacon (MB) modified FITC and BHQ1 can open to bond with their complementary base, NTA-modified DNA. We can evaluate the amount of MMPs in the medium according to the fluorescence intensity. The detection procedure can be finished in 30 min with good selectivity, cheap reagents and easy preparation. All the results and the amount of secreted MMPs under three different cell culture conditions are in accordance with previous reports. Satisfactory results are obtained. Furthermore, owing to the importance of MMP-9, we designed an approach to achieve the desired selectivity and specificity of our work, using dual amplification for improving fluorescence intensity based on RCA to detect the amount of MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
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14
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Gogalic S, Sauer U, Doppler S, Heinzel A, Perco P, Lukas A, Simpson G, Pandha H, Horvath A, Preininger C. Validation of a protein panel for the noninvasive detection of recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Biomarkers 2017; 22:674-681. [PMID: 28010124 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2016.1276628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT About 50-70% of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) experience relapse of disease. OBJECTIVE To establish a panel of protein biomarkers incorporated in a multiplexed microarray (BCa chip) and a classifier for diagnosing recurrent NMIBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Urine samples from 45 patients were tested. Diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS A multi biomarker panel (ECadh, IL8, MMP9, EN2, VEGF, past recurrences, BCG therapies and stage at diagnosis) was identified yielding an area under the curve of 0.96. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This biomarker panel represents a potential diagnostic tool for noninvasive diagnosis of recurrent NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Gogalic
- a Health and Environment Department, Bioresources Unit, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH , Tulln , Austria
| | - Ursula Sauer
- a Health and Environment Department, Bioresources Unit, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH , Tulln , Austria
| | - Sara Doppler
- a Health and Environment Department, Bioresources Unit, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH , Tulln , Austria
| | | | - Paul Perco
- b Emergentec Biodevelopment GmbH , Vienna , Austria
| | - Arno Lukas
- b Emergentec Biodevelopment GmbH , Vienna , Austria
| | - Guy Simpson
- c Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , Leggett Building, University of Surrey , Surrey , UK
| | - Hardev Pandha
- c Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , Leggett Building, University of Surrey , Surrey , UK
| | - Andras Horvath
- c Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , Leggett Building, University of Surrey , Surrey , UK
| | - Claudia Preininger
- a Health and Environment Department, Bioresources Unit, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH , Tulln , Austria
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15
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Multiplatform Biomarker Discovery for Bladder Cancer Recurrence Diagnosis. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:4591910. [PMID: 27660385 PMCID: PMC5021863 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4591910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Purpose. Nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (BCa) has a high recurrence rate requiring lifelong surveillance. Urinary biomarkers are promising as simple alternatives to cystoscopy for the diagnosis of recurrent bladder cancer. However, no single marker can achieve the required accuracy. The purpose of this study was to select a multiparameter panel, comprising urinary biomarkers and clinical parameters, for BCa recurrence diagnosis. Experimental Design. Candidate biomarkers were measured in urine samples of BCa patients with recurrence and BCa patients without recurrence. A multiplatform strategy was used for marker quantification comprising a multiplexed microarray and an automated platform for ELISA analysis. A multivariate statistical analysis combined the results from both platforms with the collected clinical data. Results. The best performing combination of biomarkers and clinical parameters achieved an AUC value of 0.91, showing better performance than individual parameters. This panel comprises six biomarkers (cadherin-1, IL-8, ErbB2, IL-6, EN2, and VEGF-A) and three clinical parameters (number of past recurrences, number of BCG therapies, and stage at time of diagnosis). Conclusions. The multiparameter panel could be a useful noninvasive tool for BCa surveillance and potentially impact the clinical management of this disease. Validation of results in an independent cohort is warranted.
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16
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Haznadar M, Cai Q, Krausz KW, Bowman ED, Margono E, Noro R, Thompson MD, Mathé EA, Munro HM, Steinwandel MD, Gonzalez FJ, Blot WJ, Harris CC. Urinary Metabolite Risk Biomarkers of Lung Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:978-86. [PMID: 27013655 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-1191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a major health burden causing 160,000 and 1.6 million deaths annually in the United States and worldwide, respectively. METHODS While seeking to identify stable and reproducible biomarkers in noninvasively collected biofluids, we assessed whether previously identified metabolite urinary lung cancer biomarkers, creatine riboside (CR), N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), cortisol sulfate, and indeterminate metabolite 561+, were elevated in the urines of subjects prior to lung cancer diagnosis in a well-characterized prospective Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS). Urine was examined from 178 patients and 351 nondiseased controls, confirming that one of four metabolites was associated with lung cancer risk in the overall case-control set, whereas two metabolites were associated with lung cancer risk in European-Americans. RESULTS OR of lung cancer associated with elevated CR levels, and adjusted for smoking and other potential confounders, was 2.0 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2-3.4; P= 0.01]. In European-Americans, both CR and NANA were significantly associated with lung cancer risk (OR = 5.3; 95% CI, 1.6-17.6; P= 0.006 and OR=3.5; 95% CI, 1.5-8.4; P= 0.004, respectively). However, race itself did not significantly modify the associations. ROC analysis showed that adding CR and NANA to a model containing previously established lung cancer risk factors led to a significantly improved classifier (P= 0.01). Increasing urinary levels of CR and NANA displayed a positive association with increasing tumor size, strengthening a previously established link to altered tumor metabolism. CONCLUSION AND IMPACT These replicated results provide evidence that identified urinary metabolite biomarkers have a potential utility as noninvasive, clinical screening tools for early diagnosis of lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(6); 978-86. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majda Haznadar
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elise D Bowman
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ezra Margono
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Matthew D Thompson
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ewy A Mathé
- Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | | | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee. International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland.
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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17
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Prasad S, Tyagi AK, Aggarwal BB. Detection of inflammatory biomarkers in saliva and urine: Potential in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment for chronic diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:783-99. [PMID: 27013544 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216638770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a part of the complex biological response of inflammatory cells to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, irritants, or damaged cells. This inflammation has been linked to several chronic diseases including cancer, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Major biomarkers of inflammation include tumor necrosis factor, interleukins (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, chemokines, cyclooxygenase, 5-lipooxygenase, and C-reactive protein, all of which are regulated by the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB. Although examining inflammatory biomarkers in blood is a standard practice, its identification in saliva and/or urine is more convenient and non-invasive. In this review, we aim to (1) discuss the detection of these inflammatory biomarkers in urine and saliva; (2) advantages of using salivary and urinary inflammatory biomarkers over blood, while also weighing on the challenges and/or limitations of their use; (3) examine their role(s) in connection with diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and drug development for several chronic diseases with inflammatory consequences, including cancer; and (4) explore the use of innovative salivary and urine based biosensor strategies that may permit the testing of biomarkers quickly, reliably, and cost-effectively, in a decentralized setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahdeo Prasad
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Amit K Tyagi
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Bharat B Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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18
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Chen H, Chen P, Huang J, Selegård R, Platt M, Palaniappan A, Aili D, Tok AIY, Liedberg B. Detection of Matrilysin Activity Using Polypeptide Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide Field-Effect Transistor Sensor. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2994-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
- Institute
for Sports Research, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang
Avenue, Singapore 639798
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553
| | - Jingfeng Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
- Institute
for Sports Research, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang
Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Robert Selegård
- Division of Molecular Physics, Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Alagappan Palaniappan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553
| | - Daniel Aili
- Division of Molecular Physics, Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - Alfred Iing Yoong Tok
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
- Institute
for Sports Research, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang
Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Bo Liedberg
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553
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Overexpression of ABCC3 promotes cell proliferation, drug resistance, and aerobic glycolysis and is associated with poor prognosis in urinary bladder cancer patients. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8367-74. [PMID: 26733163 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is the one of the most common malignancies worldwide and occurs at a higher frequency in male individuals. ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C, member 3 (ABCC3), a member of the ABC transporter family, is highly expressed in tumor cells, where it actively effluxes a broad spectrum of metabolites. However, the expression and role of ABCC3 in human UBC remains unclear. Our study aimed to identify the expression status of ABCC3 in UBC cases and investigate the biological effects on UBC in cells. We found that both mRNA and protein levels of ABCC3 were significantly higher in UBC tissues than normal tissues. Immunochemistry evaluation of ABCC3 expression in 122 UBC clinical specimens showed that high expression of ABCC3 had a positive correlation with UBC tumor size, advanced tumor node metastasis stage, and malignant histology. Moreover, high ABCC3 expression was linked to poor overall survival in UBC. ABCC3 effects on cell proliferation and drug resistance were measured by colony formation and methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. ABCC3-knockdown cells showed a significant decrease in cell growth and drug resistance. RNA interference of ABCC3 also caused downregulation of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), which positively correlated with ABCC3 expression in UBC specimens. In addition, cancer cell glycolytic ability was decreased upon ABCC3 knockdown. The activity of LDHA was also abrogated in ABCC3-deficient UBC cells, and the blockade of LDHA increased UBC cells sensitivity to Cis-diamine dichloroplatinum (CDDP). In summary, our study suggests ABCC3 is an important oncoprotein involved in glycolysis and drug resistance. These data also indicates that ABCC3 could be a potential prognostic marker and promising therapeutic target in UBC.
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20
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Abstract
Proteomic technologies remain the main backbone of biomarkers discovery in cancer. The continuous development of proteomic technologies also enlarges the bioinformatics domain, thus founding the main pillars of cancer therapy. The main source for diagnostic/prognostic/therapy monitoring biomarker panels are molecules that have a dual role, being both indicators of disease development and therapy targets. Proteomic technologies, such as mass-spectrometry approaches and protein array technologies, represent the main technologies that can depict these biomarkers. Herein, we will illustrate some of the most recent strategies for biomarker discovery in cancer, including the development of immune-markers and the use of cancer stem cells as target therapy. The challenges of proteomic biomarker discovery need new forms of cross-disciplinary conglomerates that will result in increased and tailored access to treatments for patients; diagnostic companies would benefit from the enhanced co-development of companion diagnostics and pharmaceutical companies. In the technology optimization in biomarkers, immune assays are the leaders of discovery machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Tanase
- a Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology , Bucharest , Romania
- b Faculty of Medicine , Titu Maiorescu University , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Radu Albulescu
- a Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology , Bucharest , Romania
- c National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical R&D , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- a Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology , Bucharest , Romania
- d Faculty of Biology , Bucharest University , Bucharest , Romania
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21
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Lucca I, de Martino M, Klatte T, Shariat SF. Novel biomarkers to predict response and prognosis in localized bladder cancer. Urol Clin North Am 2015; 42:225-33, ix. [PMID: 25882564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments in diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Although the number of new biomarkers increases continuously, none are included in practice guidelines. Most NMIBC biomarkers show a higher sensitivity than urinary cytology, but lower specificity. Some protein and chromosome markers have been approved for screening and follow-up of patients in combination with cystoscopy. The long interval required for validation, testing, and approval of the assays and the lack of standardization could explain present issues in biomarker research. To enhance the development of new biomarkers, a more structured approach is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Lucca
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna A-1090, Austria; Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne CH-1010, Switzerland
| | - Michela de Martino
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Tobias Klatte
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna A-1090, Austria; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 1801 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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