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BinHumaid FS, Goel A, Gordon NS, Abbotts B, Cheng KK, Zeegers MP, James ND, Altaweel WM, Seyam RM, Meyer BF, Arnold R, Ward DG, Bryan RT. Circulating Tumour DNA Detection By The Urine-Informed Analysis Of Archival Serum Samples From Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients. Eur Urol 2024; 85:508-509. [PMID: 38302315 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal S BinHumaid
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anshita Goel
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Naheema S Gordon
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ben Abbotts
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - K K Cheng
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Waleed M Altaweel
- Department of Urology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raouf M Seyam
- Department of Urology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian F Meyer
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roland Arnold
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Douglas G Ward
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard T Bryan
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Ustaoglu P, McQuarrie DWJ, Rochet A, Dix TC, Haussmann IU, Arnold R, Devaud JM, Soller M. Memory consolidation in honey bees is enhanced by down-regulation of Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule and changes its alternative splicing. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 16:1322808. [PMID: 38264345 PMCID: PMC10803435 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1322808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) gene encodes a cell adhesion molecule required for neuronal wiring. A remarkable feature of arthropod Dscam is massive alternative splicing generating thousands of different isoforms from three variable clusters of alternative exons. Dscam expression and diversity arising from alternative splicing have been studied during development, but whether they exert functions in adult brains has not been determined. Here, using honey bees, we find that Dscam expression is critically linked to memory retention as reducing expression by RNAi enhances memory after reward learning in adult worker honey bees. Moreover, alternative splicing of Dscam is altered in all three variable clusters after learning. Since identical Dscam isoforms engage in homophilic interactions, these results suggest a mechanism to alter inclusion of variable exons during memory consolidation to modify neuronal connections for memory retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Ustaoglu
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David W. J. McQuarrie
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Rochet
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), CNRS, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas C. Dix
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Irmgard U. Haussmann
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Roland Arnold
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Marc Devaud
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), CNRS, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Matthias Soller
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Dobrica MO, Varghese CS, Harris JM, Ferguson J, Magri A, Arnold R, Várnai C, Parish JL, McKeating JA. CTCF regulates hepatitis B virus cccDNA chromatin topology. J Gen Virol 2024; 105. [PMID: 38175123 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a small DNA virus that replicates via an episomal covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) that serves as the transcriptional template for viral mRNAs. The host protein, CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), is a key regulator of cellular transcription by maintaining epigenetic boundaries, nucleosome phasing, stabilisation of long-range chromatin loops and directing alternative exon splicing. We previously reported that CTCF binds two conserved motifs within Enhancer I of the HBV genome and represses viral transcription, however, the underlying mechanisms were not identified. We show that CTCF depletion in cells harbouring cccDNA-like HBV molecules and in de novo infected cells resulted in an increase in spliced transcripts, which was most notable in the abundant SP1 spliced transcript. In contrast, depletion of CTCF in cell lines with integrated HBV DNA had no effect on the abundance of viral transcripts and in line with this observation there was limited evidence for CTCF binding to viral integrants, suggesting that CTCF-regulation of HBV transcription is specific to episomal cccDNA. Analysis of HBV chromatin topology by Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin Sequencing (ATAC-Seq) revealed an accessible region spanning Enhancers I and II and the basal core promoter (BCP). Mutating the CTCF binding sites within Enhancer I resulted in a dramatic rearrangement of chromatin accessibility where the open chromatin region was no longer detected, indicating loss of the phased nucleosome up- and down-stream of the HBV enhancer/BCP. These data demonstrate that CTCF functions to regulate HBV chromatin conformation and nucleosomal positioning in episomal maintained cccDNA, which has important consequences for HBV transcription regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Olivia Dobrica
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Present address: Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Christy Susan Varghese
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Jack Ferguson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Present address: Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrea Magri
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roland Arnold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Csilla Várnai
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joanna L Parish
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Jane A McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Segura-Méndez B, Arnold R, Carrascal Y. Valsalva sinus aneurysm leading to spontaneous closure in congenital ventricular septal defect. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed) 2023:S2341-1929(23)00204-4. [PMID: 38158156 DOI: 10.1016/j.redare.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- B Segura-Méndez
- Departamento de Cirugía Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínico de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - R Arnold
- Departamento de Cirugía Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínico de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Y Carrascal
- Departamento de Cirugía Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínico de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Arnold R, Ahmed F, Clarke A, Quinn N, Beenstock J, Holland P. The relationship between parental adverse childhood experiences and the health, well-being and development outcomes of their children: a systematic review. Public Health 2023; 219:146-153. [PMID: 37186980 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A growing body of research is emerging regarding the relationship between parental adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and negative health, well-being and developmental outcomes in their children. This systematic review seeks to understand the relationship between parental ACEs and the health, well-being and developmental outcomes of their children and whether the relationships differ according to the number and type of parental ACEs. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. METHOD The review includes articles published between 2000 and 2021 from studies using quantitative longitudinal methods and multivariate analysis to investigate the relationship between parental ACEs and their offspring's outcomes. Relevant studies were identified through a systematic search of five databases and findings synthesised using a narrative synthesis. This review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021274068). RESULTS Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. This resulted in a combined population sample of 124,043 parents and 128,400 children. Diversity in measurement of parental ACE exposure and in the type of ACEs measured within the studies precluded a meta-analysis. Offspring of parents exposed to ACEs had a higher risk of a range of negative health, well-being and developmental outcomes. This relationship differs according to the number and type of parental ACEs, with a positive relationship observed between the number of parental ACEs and the risk of negative health, well-being and development outcomes in their children. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that screening for parental ACEs by health visitors, midwives and other health or social care staff may identify an at-risk population of infants, children and adolescents and improve child outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arnold
- Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Chester, England, UK.
| | - F Ahmed
- Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, UK
| | - A Clarke
- Lancashire & South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, England, UK; Save the Children UK, London, England, UK
| | - N Quinn
- Lancashire & South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, England, UK
| | - J Beenstock
- Lancashire & South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, England, UK
| | - P Holland
- Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, UK
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Parke K, Gulsin G, Singh A, Arnold R, Ayton S, Dattani A, Yeo J, McCann G, Brady E. Cardiovascular structure and function assessed by MRI in healthy South Asians compared to White Europeans: a UK Biobank study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There is limited data on ethnic specific comparisons for measures of cardiovascular structure and function in healthy cohorts. Echocardiographic data indicate South Asian's (SAs) have smaller mass and evidence of more concentric remodelling compared to White Europeans (WEs). Furthermore, there is no data published for strain or strain rates.
Purpose
To compare Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) derived measures of structure and function between age and sex matched healthy SAs and WEs from the UK biobank cohort.
Methods
South Asian and WE participants from the UK Biobank who underwent CMR imaging were included. Individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2 in WEs and ≥27 kg/m2 in SAs) and diabetes were excluded. Ethnic groups were matched according to age and sex at recruitment. Cine images (bSSFP) were analysed blinded to participant details using commercially available software. Left ventricular (LV) mass, LV volumes, global longitudinal and circumferential systolic strain (GLS and GCS), together with peak early diastolic strain rates (PEDSR), were obtained. Data distributions were assessed and T-Test or Man Whitney U conducted as appropriate.
Results
Datasets from the UK biobank were screened (n=45000). After applying exclusion criteria, 111 pairs of matched SAs and WEs were available for analysis (n=69 male and n=42 female matched pairs). Mean age of the entire cohort was 58±8 years. Data has been corrected according to body surface area (BSA),(males: WE 2.0±0.1 vs SA 1.8±0.1 m2, p≤0.001; females: WE 1.7±0.2 vs SA 1.6±0.1 m2, p≤0.001). There was no difference in heart rate (males: WE 64.5±9.3 vs SA 65.8±9.6 bpm, p=0.113; females: WE 66.2±7.8 vs SA 69.5±10.3 bpm, p=0.125). Results by sex and ethnicity are displayed in table 1. In males there was no difference in ejection fraction (EF) or indexed LV end diastolic volume (LVEDV). However indexed mass and mass/volume ratio were significantly lower in SAs, and GLS but not GCS was significantly higher than in SAs. Longitudinal PEDSR were significantly higher in SAs than in WE. By contrast, SA females had significantly lower EF with no difference in indexed LVEDV compared to WE females. However, as seen with the males SA females had significantly lower indexed LV mass and mass/volume ratio compared to WE females. Finally, both GLS and GCS were significantly higher in SAs compared to WE females, whereas there was no difference in longitudinal PEDSR.
Conclusion
Substantial differences in cardiovascular structure and function exist between SA and WE ethnic groups, in both men and women. Contrary to previous echocardiographic studies, LV volumes were similar between ethnicities and SA have less, not increased, concentric remodelling than WE. These findings highlight the need for ethnicity and sex-specific healthy reference ranges derived from CMR.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Parke
- University of Leicester, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research centre, Department of Cardiovascular sciences , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - G Gulsin
- University of Leicester, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research centre, Department of Cardiovascular sciences , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - A Singh
- University of Leicester, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research centre, Department of Cardiovascular sciences , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - R Arnold
- University of Leicester, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research centre, Department of Cardiovascular sciences , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - S Ayton
- University of Leicester, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research centre, Department of Cardiovascular sciences , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - A Dattani
- University of Leicester, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research centre, Department of Cardiovascular sciences , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - J Yeo
- University of Leicester, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research centre, Department of Cardiovascular sciences , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - G McCann
- University of Leicester, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research centre, Department of Cardiovascular sciences , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - E Brady
- University of Leicester, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research centre, Department of Cardiovascular sciences , Leicester , United Kingdom
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Gordon NS, Humayun-Zakaria N, Goel A, Abbotts B, Zeegers MP, Cheng K, James ND, Arnold R, Bryan RT, Ward DG. STAG2 Protein Expression in Non–muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Associations with Sex, Genomic and Transcriptomic Changes, and Clinical Outcomes. EUR UROL SUPPL 2022; 38:88-95. [PMID: 35495284 PMCID: PMC9051973 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in STAG2 cause complete loss of STAG2 protein in approximately one-third of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancers (NMIBCs). STAG2 protein expression is easily determined via immunohistochemistry (IHC) and published data suggest that loss of STAG2 expression is a good prognostic indicator in NMIBC. Objective To confirm the relationship between STAG2 protein expression and clinical outcomes and tumour characteristics in NMIBC. Design, setting, and participants IHC was used to determine STAG2 expression in 748 incident urothelial bladder cancers (UBCs) and recurrence-free, progression-free, and disease-specific survival were compared for patients with and without STAG2 loss. Exome and RNA sequencing were used to explore links between STAG2 loss and tumour molecular characteristics. Results and limitations STAG2 loss was observed in 19% of UBC patients and was 1.6-fold more common among female patients. Loss was frequent among grade 1 pTa tumours (40%), decreasing with stage and grade to only 5% among grade 3 pT2+ tumours. Loss was associated with fewer copy-number changes and less aggressive expression subtypes. In UBC, STAG2 loss was a highly significant prognostic indicator of better disease-free survival but was not independent of stage and grade. STAG2 loss was not a statistically significant predictor of NMIBC recurrence. STAG2 loss was significantly associated with better progression-free survival in NMIBC and appeared to be more prognostic for males than for females. Conclusions A simple IHC-based STAG2 test shows promise for identifying NMIBC patients at lower risk of progression to MIBC for whom more conservative treatments may be suitable. Patient summary A protein called STAG2 is frequently lost in early bladder cancers, most often in less aggressive tumours. STAG2 loss is easily measured and could be used as a biomarker to help guide treatment decisions.
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Booth S, Curley HM, Varnai C, Arnold R, Lee LYW, Campton NA, Cook G, Purshouse K, Aries J, Innes A, Cook LB, Tomkins O, Oram HS, Tilby M, Kulasekararaj A, Wrench D, Dolly S, Newsom‐Davies T, Pettengell R, Gault A, Moody S, Mittal S, Altohami M, Tillet T, Illingworth J, Mukherjee L, Apperly J, Ashcroft J, Rabin N, Carmichael J, Cazier J, Kerr R, Middleton G, Collins GP, Palles C. Key findings from the UKCCMP cohort of 877 patients with haematological malignancy and COVID-19: disease control as an important factor relative to recent chemotherapy or anti-CD20 therapy. Br J Haematol 2022; 196:892-901. [PMID: 34761389 PMCID: PMC8652610 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients with haematological malignancies have a high risk of severe infection and death from SARS-CoV-2. In this prospective observational study, we investigated the impact of cancer type, disease activity, and treatment in 877 unvaccinated UK patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and active haematological cancer. The primary end-point was all-cause mortality. In a multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities, the highest mortality was in patients with acute leukaemia [odds ratio (OR) = 1·73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·1-2·72, P = 0·017] and myeloma (OR 1·3, 95% CI 0·96-1·76, P = 0·08). Having uncontrolled cancer (newly diagnosed awaiting treatment as well as relapsed or progressive disease) was associated with increased mortality risk (OR = 2·45, 95% CI 1·09-5·5, P = 0·03), as was receiving second or beyond line of treatment (OR = 1·7, 95% CI 1·08-2·67, P = 0·023). We found no association between recent cytotoxic chemotherapy or anti-CD19/anti-CD20 treatment and increased risk of death within the limitations of the cohort size. Therefore, disease control is an important factor predicting mortality in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection alongside the possible risks of therapies such as cytotoxic treatment or anti-CD19/anti-CD20 treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Booth
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research CentreDepartment of HaematologyChurchill HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Helen M. Curley
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Csilla Varnai
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Centre for Computational BiologyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Roland Arnold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Lennard Y. W. Lee
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Department of OncologyOxford UniversityOxfordUK
| | - Naomi A. Campton
- Institute of Translational MedicineBirmingham Health PartnersBirminghamUK
| | - Gordon Cook
- NIHR (Leeds) MIC, LeedsSt James's Teaching Hospital, University of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Karin Purshouse
- Edinburgh Cancer Research CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Wrench
- Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | | | - Ruth Pettengell
- St Georges University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Abigail Gault
- NCCC Northern Centre for Cancer CareThe Newcastle Upon Tyne NHS Foundation TrustNewcastleUK
| | - Sam Moody
- NCCC Northern Centre for Cancer CareThe Newcastle Upon Tyne NHS Foundation TrustNewcastleUK
| | | | | | | | - Jack Illingworth
- BarkingHavering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS TrustEssexUK
| | | | | | - John Ashcroft
- NIHR (Leeds) MIC, LeedsSt James's Teaching Hospital, University of LeedsLeedsUK
- Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS TrustWakefieldUK
| | - Neil Rabin
- University College London HospitalsLondonUK
| | - Jonathan Carmichael
- NIHR (Leeds) MIC, LeedsSt James's Teaching Hospital, University of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Cazier
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Centre for Computational BiologyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Rachel Kerr
- Department of OncologyOxford UniversityOxfordUK
| | - Gary Middleton
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamUK
| | - Graham P. Collins
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research CentreDepartment of HaematologyChurchill HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Claire Palles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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9
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Millen GC, Arnold R, Cazier JB, Curley H, Feltbower R, Gamble A, Glaser A, Grundy RG, Kirton L, Lee LYW, McCabe MG, Palles C, Phillips B, Stiller CA, Varnai C, Kearns P. COVID-19 in children with haematological malignancies. Arch Dis Child 2022; 107:186-188. [PMID: 34301621 PMCID: PMC8785070 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-322062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with cancer are not at increased risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, adults with haematological malignancies have increased risk of severe infections compared with non-haematological malignancies. METHODS We compared patients with haematological and non-haematological malignancies enrolled in the UK Paediatric Coronavirus Cancer Monitoring Project between 12 March 2020 and 16 February 2021. Children who received stem cell transplantation were excluded. RESULTS Only 2/62 patients with haematological malignancy had severe/critical infections, with an OR of 0.5 for patients with haematological compared with non-haematological malignancies. INTERPRETATION Children with haematological malignancies are at no greater risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection than those with non-haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Cathal Millen
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roland Arnold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Helen Curley
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard Feltbower
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics (LIDA), University of Leeds School of Medicine, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Ashley Gamble
- CCLG Executive, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group, Leicester, UK
| | - Adam Glaser
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics (LIDA), University of Leeds School of Medicine, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Richard G Grundy
- CCLG Executive, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group, Leicester, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Laura Kirton
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lennard Y W Lee
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Martin G McCabe
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Claire Palles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bob Phillips
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York Alcuin College, York, UK
- Paediatric Oncology, Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Charles A Stiller
- National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Csilla Varnai
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pamela Kearns
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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10
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Várnai C, Palles C, Arnold R, Curley HM, Purshouse K, Cheng VWT, Booth S, Campton NA, Collins GP, Hughes DJ, Kulasekararaj AG, Lee AJX, Olsson-Brown AC, Sharma-Oates A, Van Hemelrijck M, Lee LYW, Kerr R, Middleton G, Cazier JB. Mortality Among Adults With Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy or Immunotherapy and Infected With COVID-19. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e220130. [PMID: 35188551 PMCID: PMC8861846 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Large cohorts of patients with active cancers and COVID-19 infection are needed to provide evidence of the association of recent cancer treatment and cancer type with COVID-19 mortality. Objective To evaluate whether systemic anticancer treatments (SACTs), tumor subtypes, patient demographic characteristics (age and sex), and comorbidities are associated with COVID-19 mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants The UK Coronavirus Cancer Monitoring Project (UKCCMP) is a prospective cohort study conducted at 69 UK cancer hospitals among adult patients (≥18 years) with an active cancer and a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. Patients registered from March 18 to August 1, 2020, were included in this analysis. Exposures SACT, tumor subtype, patient demographic characteristics (eg, age, sex, body mass index, race and ethnicity, smoking history), and comorbidities were investigated. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was all-cause mortality within the primary hospitalization. Results Overall, 2515 of 2786 patients registered during the study period were included; 1464 (58%) were men; and the median (IQR) age was 72 (62-80) years. The mortality rate was 38% (966 patients). The data suggest an association between higher mortality in patients with hematological malignant neoplasms irrespective of recent SACT, particularly in those with acute leukemias or myelodysplastic syndrome (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.30-3.60) and myeloma or plasmacytoma (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.04-2.26). Lung cancer was also significantly associated with higher COVID-19-related mortality (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.11-2.25). No association between higher mortality and receiving chemotherapy in the 4 weeks before COVID-19 diagnosis was observed after correcting for the crucial confounders of age, sex, and comorbidities. An association between lower mortality and receiving immunotherapy in the 4 weeks before COVID-19 diagnosis was observed (immunotherapy vs no cancer therapy: OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.31-0.86). Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this study of patients with active cancer suggest that recent SACT is not associated with inferior outcomes from COVID-19 infection. This has relevance for the care of patients with cancer requiring treatment, particularly in countries experiencing an increase in COVID-19 case numbers. Important differences in outcomes among patients with hematological and lung cancers were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Várnai
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Birmingham Centre, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Palles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Roland Arnold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M. Curley
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Purshouse
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vinton W. T. Cheng
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Booth
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Haematology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi A. Campton
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Graham P. Collins
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Haematology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Hughes
- Department of Cancer Imaging, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alvin J. X. Lee
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna C. Olsson-Brown
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Wirral, United Kingdom
- The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Archana Sharma-Oates
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lennard Y. W. Lee
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Kerr
- Department of Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Middleton
- Cancer Research UK Birmingham Centre, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Baptiste Cazier
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Birmingham Centre, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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11
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Gordon NS, Baxter LA, Goel A, Arnold R, Kaur B, Liu W, Pirrie SJ, Hussain S, Viney R, Ford D, Zarkar A, Wood MA, Mitin T, Thompson RF, James ND, Ward DG, Bryan RT. Urine DNA for monitoring chemoradiotherapy response in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a pilot study. BJU Int 2022; 129:32-34. [PMID: 34491610 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/urine
- Cetuximab/administration & dosage
- Chemoradiotherapy
- Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic
- Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- DNA, Neoplasm/urine
- Fluorouracil/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Liquid Biopsy
- Mitomycin/administration & dosage
- Muscle, Smooth/pathology
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/urine
- Pilot Projects
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Telomerase/genetics
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/therapy
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/urine
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheema S Gordon
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer & Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura A Baxter
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Anshita Goel
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer & Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roland Arnold
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer & Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Baljit Kaur
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Wenyu Liu
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah J Pirrie
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Syed Hussain
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Richard Viney
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel Ford
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anjali Zarkar
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Timur Mitin
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Reid F Thompson
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Douglas G Ward
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer & Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard T Bryan
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer & Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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12
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Ustaoglu P, Gill JK, Doubovetzky N, Haussmann IU, Dix TC, Arnold R, Devaud JM, Soller M. Dynamically expressed single ELAV/Hu orthologue elavl2 of bees is required for learning and memory. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1234. [PMID: 34711922 PMCID: PMC8553928 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in gene expression are a hallmark of learning and memory consolidation. Little is known about how alternative mRNA processing, particularly abundant in neuron-specific genes, contributes to these processes. Prototype RNA binding proteins of the neuronally expressed ELAV/Hu family are candidates for roles in learning and memory, but their capacity to cross-regulate and take over each other's functions complicate substantiation of such links. Honey bees Apis mellifera have only one elav/Hu family gene elavl2, that has functionally diversified by increasing alternative splicing including an evolutionary conserved microexon. RNAi knockdown demonstrates that ELAVL2 is required for learning and memory in bees. ELAVL2 is dynamically expressed with altered alternative splicing and subcellular localization in mushroom bodies, but not in other brain regions. Expression and alternative splicing of elavl2 change during memory consolidation illustrating an alternative mRNA processing program as part of a local gene expression response underlying memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Ustaoglu
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jatinder Kaur Gill
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nicolas Doubovetzky
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, 31062, France
| | - Irmgard U Haussmann
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, B15 3TN, UK
| | - Thomas C Dix
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Roland Arnold
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Devaud
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, 31062, France
| | - Matthias Soller
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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13
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Humayun-Zakaria N, Ward DG, Arnold R, Bryan RT. Trends in urine biomarker discovery for urothelial bladder cancer: DNA, RNA, or protein? Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:2787-2808. [PMID: 34295762 PMCID: PMC8261432 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer is a complex disease displaying a landscape of heterogenous molecular subtypes, mutation profiles and clinical presentations. Diagnosis and surveillance rely on flexible cystoscopy which has high accuracy, albeit accompanied by a high-cost burden for healthcare providers and discomfort for patients. Advances in "omic" technologies and computational biology have provided insights into the molecular pathogenesis of bladder cancer and provided powerful tools to identify markers for disease detection, risk stratification, and predicting responses to therapy. To date, numerous attempts have been made to discover and validate diagnostic biomarkers that could be deployed as an adjunct to the cystoscopic diagnosis and long-term surveillance of bladder cancer. We report a comprehensive literature analysis using PubMed to assess the changing trends in investigating DNA, RNA, or proteins as diagnostic urinary biomarkers over a period of 5 decades: 1970-2020. A gradual shift has been observed in research away from protein biomarkers to nucleic acids including different classes of RNA, and DNA methylation and mutation markers. Until 2000, publications involving protein biomarker discovery constituted 87% of the total number of research articles with DNA comprising 6% and RNA 7%. Since 2000 the proportion of protein biomarker articles has fallen to 40%, and DNA and RNA studies increased to 32% and 28%, respectively. Clearly research focus, perhaps driven by technological innovation, has shifted from proteins to nucleic acids. We optimistically hypothesise that, following thorough validation, a clinically useful detection test for bladder cancer based on a panel of DNA or RNA markers could become reality within 5-10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Humayun-Zakaria
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Douglas G Ward
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roland Arnold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard T Bryan
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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14
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Bryan RT, Arnold R, Khanim FL, Shepherd DE, Patel P, Ward DG. Establishing the Bladder Cancer Research Centre at the University of Birmingham. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 18:318-320. [PMID: 33712734 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Bryan
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. .,Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Roland Arnold
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Farhat L Khanim
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Duncan E Shepherd
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Prashant Patel
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Urology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Douglas G Ward
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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15
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Millen GC, Arnold R, Cazier JB, Curley H, Feltbower RG, Gamble A, Glaser AW, Grundy RG, Lee LYW, McCabe MG, Phillips RS, Stiller CA, Várnai C, Kearns PR. Severity of COVID-19 in children with cancer: Report from the United Kingdom Paediatric Coronavirus Cancer Monitoring Project. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:754-759. [PMID: 33299130 PMCID: PMC7884399 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with cancer are frequently immunocompromised. While children are generally thought to be at less risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection than adults, comprehensive population-based evidence for the risk in children with cancer is unavailable. We aimed to produce evidence of the incidence and outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 in children with cancer attending all hospitals treating this population across the UK. METHODS Retrospective and prospective observational study of all children in the UK under 16 diagnosed with cancer through data collection from all hospitals providing cancer care to this population. Eligible patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The primary end-point was death, discharge or end of active care for COVID-19 for those remaining in hospital. RESULTS Between 12 March 2020 and 31 July 2020, 54 cases were identified: 15 (28%) were asymptomatic, 34 (63%) had mild infections and 5 (10%) moderate, severe or critical infections. No patients died and only three patients required intensive care support due to COVID-19. Estimated incidence of hospital identified SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with cancer under 16 was 3%. CONCLUSIONS Children with cancer with SARS-CoV-2 infection do not appear at increased risk of severe infection compared to the general paediatric population. This is reassuring and supports the continued delivery of standard treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard C Millen
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK.
| | - Roland Arnold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jean-Baptiste Cazier
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helen Curley
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard G Feltbower
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics (LIDA), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ashley Gamble
- Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group (CCLG), Leicester, LE1 7GB, UK
| | - Adam W Glaser
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics (LIDA), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Professor of Paediatric Oncology and Late Effects Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Richard G Grundy
- Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group (CCLG), Leicester, LE1 7GB, UK
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Lennard Y W Lee
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin G McCabe
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service, Public Health England, London, SE1 8UG, UK
| | - Robert S Phillips
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Charles A Stiller
- National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service, Public Health England, London, SE1 8UG, UK
| | - Csilla Várnai
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Pamela R Kearns
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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16
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Best J, Starkey T, Chatterjee A, Fackrell D, Pettit L, Srihari N, Tween H, Olsson-Brown A, Cheng V, Hughes DJ, Lee AJX, Purshouse K, Arnold R, Uk Coronavirus Cancer Monitoring Project Team, Sivakumar S, Cazier JB, Lee LYW. Coronavirus Disease 2019: the Pivotal Role of UK Clinical Oncology and the UK Coronavirus Cancer Monitoring Project. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2021; 33:e50-e53. [PMID: 32593552 PMCID: PMC7274595 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Best
- Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust, Royal Shrewsbury Hospital, Shrewsbury, UK
| | - T Starkey
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Chatterjee
- Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust, Royal Shrewsbury Hospital, Shrewsbury, UK
| | - D Fackrell
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - L Pettit
- Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust, Royal Shrewsbury Hospital, Shrewsbury, UK
| | - N Srihari
- Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust, Royal Shrewsbury Hospital, Shrewsbury, UK
| | - H Tween
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
| | | | - V Cheng
- Leeds Cancer Centre, Bexley Wing, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - D J Hughes
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Division of Cancer Studies, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A J X Lee
- University College London, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - K Purshouse
- Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Arnold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - S Sivakumar
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J-B Cazier
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - L Y W Lee
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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17
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Lee LYW, Cazier JB, Starkey T, Briggs SEW, Arnold R, Bisht V, Booth S, Campton NA, Cheng VWT, Collins G, Curley HM, Earwaker P, Fittall MW, Gennatas S, Goel A, Hartley S, Hughes DJ, Kerr D, Lee AJX, Lee RJ, Lee SM, Mckenzie H, Middleton CP, Murugaesu N, Newsom-Davis T, Olsson-Brown AC, Palles C, Powles T, Protheroe EA, Purshouse K, Sharma-Oates A, Sivakumar S, Smith AJ, Topping O, Turnbull CD, Várnai C, Briggs ADM, Middleton G, Kerr R. COVID-19 prevalence and mortality in patients with cancer and the effect of primary tumour subtype and patient demographics: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Oncol 2020; 21:1309-1316. [PMID: 32853557 PMCID: PMC7444972 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer are purported to have poor COVID-19 outcomes. However, cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases, encompassing a spectrum of tumour subtypes. The aim of this study was to investigate COVID-19 risk according to tumour subtype and patient demographics in patients with cancer in the UK. METHODS We compared adult patients with cancer enrolled in the UK Coronavirus Cancer Monitoring Project (UKCCMP) cohort between March 18 and May 8, 2020, with a parallel non-COVID-19 UK cancer control population from the UK Office for National Statistics (2017 data). The primary outcome of the study was the effect of primary tumour subtype, age, and sex and on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) prevalence and the case-fatality rate during hospital admission. We analysed the effect of tumour subtype and patient demographics (age and sex) on prevalence and mortality from COVID-19 using univariable and multivariable models. FINDINGS 319 (30·6%) of 1044 patients in the UKCCMP cohort died, 295 (92·5%) of whom had a cause of death recorded as due to COVID-19. The all-cause case-fatality rate in patients with cancer after SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly associated with increasing age, rising from 0·10 in patients aged 40-49 years to 0·48 in those aged 80 years and older. Patients with haematological malignancies (leukaemia, lymphoma, and myeloma) had a more severe COVID-19 trajectory compared with patients with solid organ tumours (odds ratio [OR] 1·57, 95% CI 1·15-2·15; p<0·0043). Compared with the rest of the UKCCMP cohort, patients with leukaemia showed a significantly increased case-fatality rate (2·25, 1·13-4·57; p=0·023). After correction for age and sex, patients with haematological malignancies who had recent chemotherapy had an increased risk of death during COVID-19-associated hospital admission (OR 2·09, 95% CI 1·09-4·08; p=0·028). INTERPRETATION Patients with cancer with different tumour types have differing susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 phenotypes. We generated individualised risk tables for patients with cancer, considering age, sex, and tumour subtype. Our results could be useful to assist physicians in informed risk-benefit discussions to explain COVID-19 risk and enable an evidenced-based approach to national social isolation policies. FUNDING University of Birmingham and University of Oxford.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennard Y W Lee
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jean-Baptiste Cazier
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas Starkey
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah E W Briggs
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roland Arnold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vartika Bisht
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephen Booth
- Department of Haematology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Naomi A Campton
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vinton W T Cheng
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Graham Collins
- Department of Haematology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M Curley
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | | - Anshita Goel
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon Hartley
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Advanced Research Computing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel J Hughes
- Department of Cancer Imaging, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David Kerr
- Nuffield Division of Clinical and Laboratory Services, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alvin J X Lee
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca J Lee
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Chris P Middleton
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nirupa Murugaesu
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tom Newsom-Davis
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Claire Palles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Emily A Protheroe
- University of Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Karin Purshouse
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Chris D Turnbull
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Csilla Várnai
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Gary Middleton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Rachel Kerr
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Olsson-Brown A, Hughes D, Purshouse K, Lee L, Cheng V, Lee A, Protheroe E, Smith A, Curley H, Arnold R, Cazier JB, D'Costa J, Palles C, Campton N, Varnai C, Sivakumar S, Kerr R, Middleton G. 1703P UK Coronavirus Cancer Monitoring Project (UKCCMP): A national reporting network for real time data of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ann Oncol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7506390 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Issar T, Tummanapalli SS, Kwai NCG, Chiang JCB, Arnold R, Poynten AM, Markoulli M, Krishnan AV. Associations between acute glucose control and peripheral nerve structure and function in type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2020; 37:1553-1560. [PMID: 32298478 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the associations between continuous overlapping net glycaemic action (CONGA), percentage time in hyperglycaemia (%HG) or normoglycaemia (%NG) and peripheral nerve structure and function in type 1 diabetes. METHODS Twenty-seven participants with type 1 diabetes underwent continuous glucose monitoring followed by corneal confocal microscopy and nerve excitability assessments. CONGA, %HG (> 10.0 mmol/l) and %NG (3.9-10.0 mmol/l) were correlated against corneal nerve fibre length and density in the central cornea and inferior whorl region, corneal microneuromas, and a nerve excitability score while controlling for age, sex, diabetes duration and HbA1c . RESULTS An increase in CONGA [median 2.5 (2.0-3.1) mmol/l] or %HG (mean 46 ± 18%) was associated with a worse nerve excitability score (r = -0.433, P = 0.036 and r = -0.670, P = 0.0012, respectively). By contrast, greater %NG (51 ± 17%) correlated with better nerve excitability scores (r = 0.672, P = 0.0011). Logistic regression revealed that increasing %HG increased the likelihood of abnormal nerve function [odds ratio (OR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.23; P = 0.037). An increase in CONGA and %HG were associated with worsening nerve conduction measures, whereas longer %NG correlated with improved nerve conduction variables. CONGA and %HG were associated with inferior whorl corneal nerve fibre length (r = 0.483, P = 0.034 and r = 0.591, P = 0.021, respectively) and number of microneuromas (r = 0.433, P = 0.047 and r = 0.516, P = 0.020, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Short-term measures of glucose control are associated with impaired nerve function and alterations in corneal nerve morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Issar
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S S Tummanapalli
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - N C G Kwai
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Exercise Physiology, UNSW-Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J C B Chiang
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Arnold
- Department of Exercise Physiology, UNSW-Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A M Poynten
- Department of Endocrinology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Markoulli
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A V Krishnan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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20
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Ward DG, Arnold R, Bryan RT. Molecular Subtypes of T1 Bladder Cancer: Biomolecular Characteristics Versus Clinical Utility. Eur Urol 2020; 78:538-539. [PMID: 32773351 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G Ward
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roland Arnold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard T Bryan
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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21
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Lee LY, Cazier JB, Angelis V, Arnold R, Bisht V, Campton NA, Chackathayil J, Cheng VW, Curley HM, Fittall MW, Freeman-Mills L, Gennatas S, Goel A, Hartley S, Hughes DJ, Kerr D, Lee AJ, Lee RJ, McGrath SE, Middleton CP, Murugaesu N, Newsom-Davis T, Okines AF, Olsson-Brown AC, Palles C, Pan Y, Pettengell R, Powles T, Protheroe EA, Purshouse K, Sharma-Oates A, Sivakumar S, Smith AJ, Starkey T, Turnbull CD, Várnai C, Yousaf N, Kerr R, Middleton G. COVID-19 mortality in patients with cancer on chemotherapy or other anticancer treatments: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2020; 395:1919-1926. [PMID: 32473682 PMCID: PMC7255715 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 781] [Impact Index Per Article: 195.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with cancer, particularly those who are receiving systemic anticancer treatments, have been postulated to be at increased risk of mortality from COVID-19. This conjecture has considerable effect on the treatment of patients with cancer and data from large, multicentre studies to support this assumption are scarce because of the contingencies of the pandemic. We aimed to describe the clinical and demographic characteristics and COVID-19 outcomes in patients with cancer. METHODS In this prospective observational study, all patients with active cancer and presenting to our network of cancer centres were eligible for enrolment into the UK Coronavirus Cancer Monitoring Project (UKCCMP). The UKCCMP is the first COVID-19 clinical registry that enables near real-time reports to frontline doctors about the effects of COVID-19 on patients with cancer. Eligible patients tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on RT-PCR assay from a nose or throat swab. We excluded patients with a radiological or clinical diagnosis of COVID-19, without a positive RT-PCR test. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality, or discharge from hospital, as assessed by the reporting sites during the patient hospital admission. FINDINGS From March 18, to April 26, 2020, we analysed 800 patients with a diagnosis of cancer and symptomatic COVID-19. 412 (52%) patients had a mild COVID-19 disease course. 226 (28%) patients died and risk of death was significantly associated with advancing patient age (odds ratio 9·42 [95% CI 6·56-10·02]; p<0·0001), being male (1·67 [1·19-2·34]; p=0·003), and the presence of other comorbidities such as hypertension (1·95 [1·36-2·80]; p<0·001) and cardiovascular disease (2·32 [1·47-3·64]). 281 (35%) patients had received cytotoxic chemotherapy within 4 weeks before testing positive for COVID-19. After adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidities, chemotherapy in the past 4 weeks had no significant effect on mortality from COVID-19 disease, when compared with patients with cancer who had not received recent chemotherapy (1·18 [0·81-1·72]; p=0·380). We found no significant effect on mortality for patients with immunotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy use within the past 4 weeks. INTERPRETATION Mortality from COVID-19 in cancer patients appears to be principally driven by age, gender, and comorbidities. We are not able to identify evidence that cancer patients on cytotoxic chemotherapy or other anticancer treatment are at an increased risk of mortality from COVID-19 disease compared with those not on active treatment. FUNDING University of Birmingham, University of Oxford.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennard Yw Lee
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Cazier
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Roland Arnold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vartika Bisht
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Naomi A Campton
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Julia Chackathayil
- Cancer Research Clinical Research Facility, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Vinton Wt Cheng
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Helen M Curley
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | | - Anshita Goel
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon Hartley
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Advanced Research Computing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel J Hughes
- Department of Cancer Imaging, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David Kerr
- Nuffield Division of Clinical and Laboratory Services, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Alvin Jx Lee
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca J Lee
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Christopher P Middleton
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nirupa Murugaesu
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Thomas Newsom-Davis
- Department of Oncology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Claire Palles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yi Pan
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Emily A Protheroe
- University of Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Karin Purshouse
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Starkey
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Csilla Várnai
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nadia Yousaf
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rachel Kerr
- Department of Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Gary Middleton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Kleeman SO, Koelzer VH, Jones HJ, Vazquez EG, Davis H, East JE, Arnold R, Koppens MA, Blake A, Domingo E, Cunningham C, Beggs AD, Pestinger V, Loughrey MB, Wang LM, Lannagan TR, Woods SL, Worthley D, Consortium SC, Tomlinson I, Dunne PD, Maughan T, Leedham SJ. Exploiting differential Wnt target gene expression to generate a molecular biomarker for colorectal cancer stratification. Gut 2020; 69:1092-1103. [PMID: 31563876 PMCID: PMC7212029 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pathological Wnt pathway activation is a conserved hallmark of colorectal cancer. Wnt-activating mutations can be divided into: i) ligand-independent (LI) alterations in intracellular signal transduction proteins (Adenomatous polyposis coli, β-catenin), causing constitutive pathway activation and ii) ligand-dependent (LD) mutations affecting the synergistic R-Spondin axis (RNF43, RSPO-fusions) acting through amplification of endogenous Wnt signal transmembrane transduction. Our aim was to exploit differential Wnt target gene expression to generate a mutation-agnostic biomarker for LD tumours. DESIGN We undertook harmonised multi-omic analysis of discovery (n=684) and validation cohorts (n=578) of colorectal tumours collated from publicly available data and the Stratification in Colorectal Cancer Consortium. We used mutation data to establish molecular ground truth and subdivide lesions into LI/LD tumour subsets. We contrasted transcriptional, methylation, morphological and clinical characteristics between groups. RESULTS Wnt disrupting mutations were mutually exclusive. Desmoplastic stromal upregulation of RSPO may compensate for absence of epithelial mutation in a subset of stromal-rich tumours. Key Wnt negative regulator genes were differentially expressed between LD/LI tumours, with targeted hypermethylation of some genes (AXIN2, NKD1) occurring even in CIMP-negative LD cancers. AXIN2 mRNA expression was used as a discriminatory molecular biomarker to distinguish LD/LI tumours (area under the curve >0.93). CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic suppression of appropriate Wnt negative feedback loops is selectively advantageous in LD tumours and differential AXIN2 expression in LD/LI lesions can be exploited as a molecular biomarker. Distinguishing between LD/LI tumour types is important; patients with LD tumours retain sensitivity to Wnt ligand inhibition and may be stratified at diagnosis to clinical trials of Porcupine inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam O Kleeman
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Trust Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Viktor H Koelzer
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Trust Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helen Js Jones
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Trust Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Colorectal Surgery Department, Nuffield Department of Surgery, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Ester Gil Vazquez
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Trust Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hayley Davis
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Trust Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James E East
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Roland Arnold
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Martijn Aj Koppens
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Trust Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Blake
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Enric Domingo
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Chris Cunningham
- Oxford Colorectal Surgery Department, Nuffield Department of Surgery, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Andrew D Beggs
- Surgical Research Laboratory, Institute of Cancer & Genomic Science, University of Birmingham, Birminghaam, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Pestinger
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Maurice B Loughrey
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Tamsin Rm Lannagan
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute & School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susan L Woods
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute & School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel Worthley
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute & School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Ian Tomlinson
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Philip D Dunne
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Timothy Maughan
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Simon J Leedham
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Trust Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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23
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Goel A, Ward DG, Gordon NS, Abbotts B, Zeegers MP, Cheng KK, James ND, Bryan RT, Arnold R. Back-Splicing Transcript Isoforms (Circular RNAs) Affect Biologically Relevant Pathways and Offer an Additional Layer of Information to Stratify NMIBC Patients. Front Oncol 2020; 10:812. [PMID: 32670866 PMCID: PMC7326039 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circularized transcript isoforms due to back-splicing are increasingly being reported in different tissues types and pathological states including cancer. Since these circular RNAs (circRNAs) are more stable than linear messenger RNA their identification and profiling in tumor tissue could aid in stratifying patients and may serve as biomarkers. In this study, we have investigated the relationship between circRNA expression and tumor grade in a cohort of 58, mostly non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients. From 4571 circRNAs detected, we identified 157 that were significantly differentially expressed between tumor grades relative to the linear transcript. We demonstrated that such grade-related differences can be identified in an independent cohort, and that a large fraction of circRNAs can be, in principle, detected in urine. The differentially expressed circRNAs cluster into subgroups according to their co-expression, subgroups which are enriched for DNA repair, cell cycle and intracellular signaling genes. Since one proposed function of circRNAs is to interfere with gene-regulation by acting as microRNA “sponges,” candidates which were differentially expressed between tumor grades were investigated for potential miRNA target sites. By investigating the circRNAs from bladder cancer related pathways we demonstrated that the expression of these pathways, the circRNAs, and their parental genes are often decoupled and do not correlate, yet that some circRNAs do not follow this tendency. The present study provides the next step for the comprehensive evaluation of this novel class of RNAs in the context of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Intriguingly, despite their possible function as microRNA sponges, they potentially affect host mRNA levels at the transcriptional stage, as compared to post-transcriptional control by miRNAs. Our analysis indicates differences of their activity between bladder cancer tumor stages, and their relative expression levels may provide an additional layer of information for patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshita Goel
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas G Ward
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Naheema S Gordon
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Abbotts
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maurice P Zeegers
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism & CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - K K Cheng
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D James
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Richard T Bryan
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Roland Arnold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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24
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Anil I, Arnold R, Benkwitz-Beford S, Branford S, Campton N, Cazier JB, Cheng V, Curley H, D'Costa J, Edmondson A, Goel A, Hartley S, Hughes DJ, Kerr R, Lee A, Lee LYW, Longworth N, Middleton C, Middleton G, Naksukpaiboon P, Olsson-Brown A, Palles C, Purshouse K, Sandys C, Sharma-Oates A, Sivakumar S, Smith A, Starkey T, Thompson S, Varnai C. The UK Coronavirus Cancer Monitoring Project: protecting patients with cancer in the era of COVID-19. Lancet Oncol 2020; 21:622-624. [PMID: 32304634 PMCID: PMC7159870 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Schubel L, Muthu N, Karavite D, Arnold R, Miller K. Design for cognitive support. Design for Health 2020:227-250. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816427-3.00012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Arnold R, Amos D, Lowe H, Elder A, Martin S, Moss S, McMaster K, Juergens C, Ryan E, Larnach G, Adams M. 472 Development of a Rural NSW Cardiac Catheter and Coronary Intervention Service Over 14 Years: Impacts on Service and 30 Day AMI Mortality. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Moss S, Arnold R, Lowe H, Elder A, Juergens C, McMaster K, Roach A, Larnach G, Adams M, Amos D. 436 A Rural 24/7 Cardiac Catheter Lab Service in Western NSW Local Health District (WNSWLHD): Locally Based Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Care With Low Mortality Over 5 Years. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Jeeta RR, Gordon NS, Baxter L, Goel A, Noyvert B, Ott S, Boucher RH, Humayun-Zakaria N, Arnold R, James ND, Zeegers MP, Cheng K, Bryan RT, Ward DG. Non-Coding Mutations in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Biological and Clinical Relevance and Potential Utility as Biomarkers. Bladder Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/blc-190251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruhana R. Jeeta
- Institute of Cancer & Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Naheema S. Gordon
- Institute of Cancer & Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura Baxter
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Anshita Goel
- Institute of Cancer & Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Boris Noyvert
- Institute of Cancer & Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- CRUK Birmingham Centre and Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Rebecca H. Boucher
- Institute of Cancer & Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nada Humayun-Zakaria
- Institute of Cancer & Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roland Arnold
- Institute of Cancer & Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicholas D. James
- Institute of Cancer & Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maurice P. Zeegers
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism & CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K.K. Cheng
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard T. Bryan
- Institute of Cancer & Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Douglas G. Ward
- Institute of Cancer & Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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29
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Ustaoglu P, Haussmann IU, Liao H, Torres-Mendez A, Arnold R, Irimia M, Soller M. Srrm234, but not canonical SR and hnRNP proteins, drive inclusion of Dscam exon 9 variable exons. RNA 2019; 25:1353-1365. [PMID: 31292260 PMCID: PMC6800468 DOI: 10.1261/rna.071316.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA is a major mechanism to diversify protein functionality in metazoans from a limited number of genes. The Drosophila melanogaster Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) gene, which is important for neuronal wiring and phagocytosis of bacteria, can generate up to 38,016 isoforms by mutually exclusive alternative splicing in four clusters of variable exons. However, it is not understood how a specific exon is chosen from the many variables and how variable exons are prevented from being spliced together. A main role in the regulation of Dscam alternative splicing has been attributed to RNA binding proteins (RBPs), but how they impact on exon selection is not well understood. Serine-arginine rich (SR) proteins and hnRNP proteins are the two main types of RBPs with major roles in exon definition and splice site selection. Here, we analyzed the role of SR and hnRNP proteins in Dscam exon 9 alternative splicing in mutant Drosophila melanogaster embryos because of their essential function for development. Strikingly, loss or overexpression of canonical SR and hnRNP proteins even when multiple proteins are depleted together, does not affect Dscam alternative exon selection very dramatically. Conversely, noncanonical SR protein Serine-arginine repetitive matrix 2/3/4 (Srrm234) is a main determinant of exon inclusion in the Dscam exon 9 cluster. Since long-range base-pairings are absent in the exon 9 cluster, our data argue for a small complement of regulatory factors as main determinants of exon inclusion in the Dscam exon 9 cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Ustaoglu
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Irmgard U Haussmann
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Science, School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B5 3TN, United Kingdom
| | - Hongzhi Liao
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Torres-Mendez
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Roland Arnold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Irimia
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Matthias Soller
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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30
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Passamonti L, Tsvetanov KA, Jones PS, Bevan-Jones WR, Arnold R, Borchert RJ, Mak E, Su L, O'Brien JT, Rowe JB. Neuroinflammation and Functional Connectivity in Alzheimer's Disease: Interactive Influences on Cognitive Performance. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7218-7226. [PMID: 31320450 PMCID: PMC6733539 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2574-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key part of the etio-pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We tested the relationship between neuroinflammation and the disruption of functional connectivity in large-scale networks, and their joint influence on cognitive impairment. We combined [11C]PK11195 positron emission tomography (PET) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in 28 patients (12 females/16 males) with clinical diagnosis of probable AD or mild cognitive impairment with positive PET biomarker for amyloid, and 14 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls (8 females/6 males). Source-based "inflammetry" was used to extract principal components of [11C]PK11195 PET signal variance across all participants. rs-fMRI data were preprocessed via independent component analyses to classify neuronal and non-neuronal signals. Multiple linear regression models identified sources of signal covariance between neuroinflammation and brain connectivity profiles, in relation to the diagnostic group (patients, controls) and cognitive status.Patients showed significantly higher [11C]PK11195 binding relative to controls, in a distributed spatial pattern including the hippocampus, frontal, and inferior temporal cortex. Patients with enhanced loading on this [11C]PK11195 binding distribution displayed diffuse abnormal functional connectivity. The expression of a stronger association between such abnormal connectivity and higher levels of neuroinflammation correlated with worse cognitive deficits.Our study suggests that neuroinflammation relates to the pathophysiological changes in network function that underlie cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroinflammation, and its association with functionally-relevant reorganization of brain networks, is proposed as a target for emerging immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at preventing or slowing the emergence of dementia.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuroinflammation is an important aspect of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it was not known whether the influence of neuroinflammation on brain network function in humans was important for cognitive deficit. Our study provides clear evidence that in vivo neuroinflammation in AD impairs large-scale network connectivity; and that the link between neuro inflammation and functional network connectivity is relevant to cognitive impairment. We suggest that future studies should address how neuroinflammation relates to network function as AD progresses, and whether the neuroinflammation in AD is reversible, as the basis of immunotherapeutic strategies to slow the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Passamonti
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare (IBFM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 20090, Milano, Italy,
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences
| | | | - P S Jones
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences
| | - W R Bevan-Jones
- Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom, and
| | - R Arnold
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences
| | | | - E Mak
- Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom, and
| | - L Su
- Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom, and
| | - J T O'Brien
- Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom, and
| | - J B Rowe
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences
- Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
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Walker AK, Na J, Browning L, Humayun-Zakaria N, Zeegers MP, Cheng K, James ND, Bryan RT, Arnold R, Kiltie AE. MRE11A Isoform Expression Associated with Outcome Following Radiotherapy in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer does not Alter Cell Survival and DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Following Ionising Radiation. Bladder Cancer 2019; 5:147-157. [PMID: 31942442 PMCID: PMC6949534 DOI: 10.3233/blc-190209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA double strand breaks are the cytotoxic lesions produced by ionising radiation. Critical for the repair of these lesions is the DNA damage response protein MRE11 which, in a complex with RAD50 and NBS1, mediates DNA damage signalling and double-strand break repair. We previously found the presence of an MRE11 germline single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs1805363 (G > A), to be associated with poor outcome following radiotherapy (RT) and increased expression of MRE11 isoform 2 in a limited panel of bladder cancer cell lines and tumours. OBJECTIVES To look for further evidence in support of the SNP/isoform association in a larger panel of germline and tumour samples donated by patients diagnosed with invasive bladder cancer, and to test the hypothesis that bladder cancer cells expressing MRE11 isoform 2 would be more radio resistant than cells expressing MRE11 isoform 1. METHODS Germline DNA from 189 patients with invasive bladder cancer (141 T2, 48 T1) was genotyped for the rs1805363 G > A SNP. Loss of heterozygosity was determined by genotyping tumour DNA in 17GA germline patients. The Cancer Genome Atlas was mined to correlate presence of the GA germline genotype with MRE11 isoform expression. We used colony formation assays and γH2AX foci kinetics after ionising radiation in RT112 MRE11 knockdown cells expressing ectopic MRE11 isoform 1 or 2. RESULTS Of the 189 germline DNA samples, 22 contained both the A minor allele and G major allele with the remaining wild type containing only the G major allele. LOH was identified in seven of 17 available tumour samples. Tumour MRE11 isoform 2 expression was found to be significantly higher (p = 0.007) in patients's samples containing the A minor allele compared to those with only the G major allele (n = 23). In the TCGA database we found 16% (66 out of 406) of bladder tumours heterozygous for the SNP and only two homozygous, and a significant relative increase of isoform 2 usage (p = 0.017). We identified no significant difference in radio sensitivity between bladder cancer cells expressing either MRE11 isoform. CONCLUSIONS In this study the MRE11 isoform 2 was not found to be associated with increased cellular sensitivity to radiation. We conclude that the previously reported association between the germline rs1805363 SNP and poor survival in MIBC patients following RT is unlikely to be related to the DNA damage response function of MRE11 isoform 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K. Walker
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Juri Na
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lisa Browning
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Nada Humayun-Zakaria
- The Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maurice P. Zeegers
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism and CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - K.K. Cheng
- The Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicholas D. James
- The Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard T. Bryan
- The Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roland Arnold
- The Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anne E. Kiltie
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Parke K, Wormmeighton J, Mccann G, Xue H, Kellman P, Arnold R. P421Comparison of left ventricular volumetric assessment by standard steady-state free precession and real time cine imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez118.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Parke
- University of Leicester, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research centre, Department of Cardiovascular sciences, Leicester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J Wormmeighton
- University of Leicester, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research centre, Department of Cardiovascular sciences, Leicester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - G Mccann
- University of Leicester, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research centre, Department of Cardiovascular sciences, Leicester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - H Xue
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - P Kellman
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - R Arnold
- University of Leicester, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research centre, Department of Cardiovascular sciences, Leicester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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33
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Arnold R, Khokho K, Narrainsamy K, Brits E, Joubert G. Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: profile, management and outcome of patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa. S AFR J SURG 2019; 57:64. [PMID: 31342689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is the thickening of both muscle layers of the pylorus and is most commonly found in first-born males. It usually presents with projectile, non-bilious vomiting. Late presentation leads to severe dehydration and malnutrition with deranged serum-electrolytes and acid-base imbalance delaying treatment and prolonging hospital stay. This study aims to evaluate the profile, management and outcome of IHPS at a tertiary hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa. METHOD The study was a retrospective, descriptive record review including all patients with IHPS admitted to Universitas Hospital from January 2008 to February 2016. Of the 22 patients admitted, files for 19 patients were available for inclusion. RESULTS Sixteen (84.2%) of the 19 patients were male. Of the 11 patients with available birth order, two were first-, two second-, six third- and one fourth-born. The patients' ages ranged from 27 to 194 days (median 51 days). The most common symptoms were projectile vomiting (78.9%) and poor weight gain (68.4%). Six patients had no ultrasound done, and 17 patients underwent a Ramstedt-pyloromyotomy. Eight patients received atropine as part of their initial management. The duration of symptoms ranged from 1 to 58 days (median 14 days). There was no reported mortality. The length of stay ranged from 2 to 60 days (median 7 days). CONCLUSION The gender distribution and age at presentation were in keeping with the literature but not the birth order. The delay before surgery emphasises the poor general health and deranged biochemical state the patients present at the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arnold
- Undergraduate medical student, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - K Khokho
- Undergraduate medical student, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - K Narrainsamy
- Undergraduate medical student, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - E Brits
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - G Joubert
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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34
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Law PJ, Timofeeva M, Fernandez-Rozadilla C, Broderick P, Studd J, Fernandez-Tajes J, Farrington S, Svinti V, Palles C, Orlando G, Sud A, Holroyd A, Penegar S, Theodoratou E, Vaughan-Shaw P, Campbell H, Zgaga L, Hayward C, Campbell A, Harris S, Deary IJ, Starr J, Gatcombe L, Pinna M, Briggs S, Martin L, Jaeger E, Sharma-Oates A, East J, Leedham S, Arnold R, Johnstone E, Wang H, Kerr D, Kerr R, Maughan T, Kaplan R, Al-Tassan N, Palin K, Hänninen UA, Cajuso T, Tanskanen T, Kondelin J, Kaasinen E, Sarin AP, Eriksson JG, Rissanen H, Knekt P, Pukkala E, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Ripatti S, Palotie A, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Lepistö A, Böhm J, Mecklin JP, Buchanan DD, Win AK, Hopper J, Jenkins ME, Lindor NM, Newcomb PA, Gallinger S, Duggan D, Casey G, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Jöckel KH, Easton DF, Pharoah PDP, Peto J, Canzian F, Swerdlow A, Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai Z, Muir K, Pashayan N, Harkin A, Allan K, McQueen J, Paul J, Iveson T, Saunders M, Butterbach K, Chang-Claude J, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H, Kirac I, Matošević P, Hofer P, Brezina S, Gsur A, Cheadle JP, Aaltonen LA, Tomlinson I, Houlston RS, Dunlop MG. Association analyses identify 31 new risk loci for colorectal cancer susceptibility. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2154. [PMID: 31089142 PMCID: PMC6517433 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and has a strong heritable basis. We report a genome-wide association analysis of 34,627 CRC cases and 71,379 controls of European ancestry that identifies SNPs at 31 new CRC risk loci. We also identify eight independent risk SNPs at the new and previously reported European CRC loci, and a further nine CRC SNPs at loci previously only identified in Asian populations. We use in situ promoter capture Hi-C (CHi-C), gene expression, and in silico annotation methods to identify likely target genes of CRC SNPs. Whilst these new SNP associations implicate target genes that are enriched for known CRC pathways such as Wnt and BMP, they also highlight novel pathways with no prior links to colorectal tumourigenesis. These findings provide further insight into CRC susceptibility and enhance the prospects of applying genetic risk scores to personalised screening and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Maria Timofeeva
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ceres Fernandez-Rozadilla
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Peter Broderick
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - James Studd
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Juan Fernandez-Tajes
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, McCarthy Group, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Susan Farrington
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Victoria Svinti
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Claire Palles
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Giulia Orlando
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Amit Sud
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Amy Holroyd
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Steven Penegar
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Peter Vaughan-Shaw
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Lina Zgaga
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sarah Harris
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - John Starr
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Laura Gatcombe
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maria Pinna
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sarah Briggs
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lynn Martin
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emma Jaeger
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Archana Sharma-Oates
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - James East
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department. of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Simon Leedham
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, McCarthy Group, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Roland Arnold
- Cancer Bioinfomatics Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Elaine Johnstone
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - David Kerr
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Rachel Kerr
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Tim Maughan
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Richard Kaplan
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, Aviation House, 125 Kingsway, London, WC2B 6NH, UK
| | - Nada Al-Tassan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kimmo Palin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Ulrika A Hänninen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Tatiana Cajuso
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Tomas Tanskanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Johanna Kondelin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, 00250, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Harri Rissanen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Paul Knekt
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland, and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo
- Department of Surgery, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00029, Finland
| | - Anna Lepistö
- Department of Surgery, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00029, Finland
| | - Jan Böhm
- Department of Pathology, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, 40620, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Department of Surgery, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, 40620, Finland
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Centre for Cancer Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Aung-Ko Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - John Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mark E Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - David Duggan
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), An Affiliate of City of Hope, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Virginia, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7HL, UK
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Strangeways Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Andrea Harkin
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Karen Allan
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - John McQueen
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - James Paul
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Timothy Iveson
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Mark Saunders
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Katja Butterbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Iva Kirac
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital for Tumours, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Petar Matošević
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Philipp Hofer
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Brezina
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jeremy P Cheadle
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.
| | - Malcolm G Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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Canaani J, Beohou E, Labopin M, Ghavamzadeh A, Beelen D, Hamladji RM, Niederwieser D, Volin L, Markiewicz M, Arnold R, Mufti G, Ehninger G, Socié G, Kröger N, Mohty M, Nagler A. Trends in patient outcome over the past two decades following allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukaemia: an ALWP/EBMT analysis. J Intern Med 2019; 285:407-418. [PMID: 30372796 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcomes for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) have significantly improved in recent years. OBJECTIVES To assess the incremental improvement of transplanted AML patients in the last two decades. METHODS Patients included in this analysis were adult AML patients who underwent allo-SCT from an HLA-matched sibling donor (MSD) or HLA-matched unrelated donor (MUD) in first remission. Patient outcomes were assessed between three cohorts according to the year of transplant (1993-2002, 2003-2007 and 2008-2012). RESULTS The analysis comprised a total of 20 187 patients of whom 4763 were transplanted between 1993 and 2002, 5835 in 2003 and 2007, and 9589 in 2008 and 2012. In multivariate analysis, leukaemia-free survival (LFS) rates were significantly improved in more recently transplanted patients compared to patients transplanted in 1993-2002 [Hazard ratio (HR) = 0.84, confidence interval (CI) 95%, 0.77-0.92; P = 0.003], a benefit which also extended to improved overall survival (OS; HR = 0.8, CI 95%, 0.73-0.89; P < 0.0001), and decreased nonrelapse mortality (NRM) rates (HR = 0.65, CI 95%, 0.56-0.75; P < 0.0001). Subset analysis revealed that in MSD, the rates of LFS, NRM and OS significantly improved in patients in the more recent cohort with similar results also seen in MUD. Finally, the incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was significantly reduced leading to improved GVHD-free/relapse-free survival (GRFS) rates in more recently transplanted patients. CONCLUSION Outcome of allo-SCT for AML patients has markedly improved in the last two decades owing to decreased nonrelapse mortality and improved rates of leukaemia-free survival resulting in significantly longer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Canaani
- Hematology Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - E Beohou
- Acute Leukemia Working Party -EBMT and Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Hȏpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - M Labopin
- Acute Leukemia Working Party -EBMT and Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Hȏpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - A Ghavamzadeh
- Hematology-Oncology and BMT Research, Shariati Hospital, Teheran, Iran
| | - D Beelen
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - R-M Hamladji
- Service Hématologie Greffe de Moëlle, Centre Pierre et Marie Curie, Alger, Algeria
| | - D Niederwieser
- Division of Haematology & Oncology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - L Volin
- Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Markiewicz
- Department of Haematology and BMT, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - R Arnold
- Medizinische Klinik m. S. Hämatologie/Onkologie, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Mufti
- Department of Haematological Medicine, GKT School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - G Ehninger
- Universitaetsklinikum Dresden Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Dresden, Germany
| | - G Socié
- Department of Hematology - BMT, Hȏpital St. Louis, Paris, France
| | - N Kröger
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Mohty
- Acute Leukemia Working Party -EBMT and Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Hȏpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - A Nagler
- Hematology Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Acute Leukemia Working Party -EBMT and Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Hȏpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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36
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Workel HH, Lubbers JM, Arnold R, Prins TM, van der Vlies P, de Lange K, Bosse T, van Gool IC, Eggink FA, Wouters MCA, Komdeur FL, van der Slikke EC, Creutzberg CL, Kol A, Plat A, Glaire M, Church DN, Nijman HW, de Bruyn M. A Transcriptionally Distinct CXCL13 +CD103 +CD8 + T-cell Population Is Associated with B-cell Recruitment and Neoantigen Load in Human Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:784-796. [PMID: 30872264 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL13 mediates recruitment of B cells to tumors and is essential for the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs). TLSs are thought to support antitumor immunity and are associated with improved prognosis. However, it remains unknown whether TLSs are formed in response to the general inflammatory character of the tumor microenvironment, or rather, are induced by (neo)antigen-specific adaptive immunity. We here report on the finding that the TGFβ-dependent CD103+CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T-cell (TIL) subpopulation expressed and produced CXCL13. Accordingly, CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood activated in the presence of TGFβ upregulated CD103 and secreted CXCL13. Conversely, inhibition of TGFβ receptor signaling abrogated CXCL13 production. CXCL13+CD103+CD8+ TILs correlated with B-cell recruitment, TLSs, and neoantigen burden in six cohorts of human tumors. Altogether, our findings indicated that TGFβ plays a noncanonical role in coordinating immune responses against human tumors and suggest a potential role for CXCL13+CD103+CD8+ TILs in mediating B-cell recruitment and TLS formation in human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagma H Workel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joyce M Lubbers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Roland Arnold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Thalina M Prins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter van der Vlies
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kim de Lange
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tjalling Bosse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Inge C van Gool
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Florine A Eggink
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje C A Wouters
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fenne L Komdeur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth C van der Slikke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carien L Creutzberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan Kol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Annechien Plat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Glaire
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Cancer Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David N Church
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Cancer Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hans W Nijman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marco de Bruyn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Humayun-Zakaria N, Arnold R, Goel A, Ward D, Savill S, Bryan RT. Tropomyosins: Potential Biomarkers for Urothelial Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051102. [PMID: 30836651 PMCID: PMC6429115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the incidence and prevalence of urothelial bladder cancer (UBC), few advances in treatment and diagnosis have been made in recent years. In this review, we discuss potential biomarker candidates: the tropomyosin family of genes, encoded by four loci in the human genome. The expression of these genes is tissue-specific. Tropomyosins are responsible for diverse cellular roles, most notably based upon their interplay with actin to maintain cellular processes, integrity and structure. Tropomyosins exhibit a large variety of splice forms, and altered isoform expression levels have been associated with cancer, including UBC. Notably, tropomyosin isoforms are detectable in urine, offering the potential for non-invasive diagnosis and risk-stratification. This review collates the basic knowledge on tropomyosin and its isoforms, and discusses their relationships with cancer-related phenomena, most specifically in UBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Humayun-Zakaria
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Roland Arnold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Anshita Goel
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Douglas Ward
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Stuart Savill
- North Wales Clinical Research Centre, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Wrexham LL13 7YP, UK.
| | - Richard T Bryan
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Tierney M, McMaster K, Elder A, Arnold R, Amos D, Lowe H. Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TCM) Snapshot 2018: A Contemporary Analysis from a Rural Tertiary Referral Centre. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Arnold R, Khokho K, Narrainsamy K, Brits E, Joubert G. Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: profile, management and outcome of patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa. S AFR J SURG 2019. [DOI: 10.17159/2078-5151/2019/v57n2a2811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kloostra FJJ, Arnold R, Hofman R, Burgerhof JGM, van Dijk P. Models to predict positive and negative effects of cochlear implantation on tinnitus. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2018; 4:138-142. [PMID: 30828631 PMCID: PMC6383300 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The effect of cochlear implantation on tinnitus is heterogeneous: implantation does not always reduce tinnitus and may even worsen tinnitus. Therefore, it is important to know which factors influence the consequences of cochlear implantation for tinnitus. To date, no consensus has been reached regarding the factors that influence tinnitus. This study aimed to create prognostic models, using binary logistic regression analyses to predict positive or negative changes in tinnitus after cochlear implantation. Methods For this study we retrospectively sent two questionnaire packages to 117 cochlear implant patients. Results In the binary logistic regression analyses of the responses to the questionnaires, it was not possible to create a significant model to predict a positive effect of cochlear implantation on tinnitus. However, a negative effect of cochlear implantation on tinnitus was predictable, using a backward stepwise selection method in a model including the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) and Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ) (P < .001, Nagelkerke R2 = 0.529). Conclusions Our results suggest that the lower the preoperative tinnitus handicap and the preoperative hearing handicap, the higher the chance that cochlear implantation will worsen tinnitus. More research needs to be done, preferable in a big prospective study, to make this model instrumental for clinical decision making and preoperative patient counselling. However, our results might suggest that preoperative THQ and APHAB screening could be meaningful. Especially in patients who are afraid to develop tinnitus or tinnitus worsening as complication of cochlear implantation. Level of Evidence 4
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Affiliation(s)
- F J J Kloostra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery University Medical Center Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - R Arnold
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery University Medical Center Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - R Hofman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery University Medical Center Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - J G M Burgerhof
- Department of Epidemiology University Medical Center Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - P van Dijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery University Medical Center Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
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41
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Jing A, Vizeacoumar FS, Parameswaran S, Haave B, Cunningham CE, Wu Y, Arnold R, Bonham K, Freywald A, Han J, Vizeacoumar FJ. Expression-based analyses indicate a central role for hypoxia in driving tumor plasticity through microenvironment remodeling and chromosomal instability. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2018; 4:38. [PMID: 30374409 PMCID: PMC6200725 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-018-0074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Can transcriptomic alterations drive the evolution of tumors? We asked if changes in gene expression found in all patients arise earlier in tumor development and can be relevant to tumor progression. Our analyses of non-mutated genes from the non-amplified regions of the genome of 158 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cases identified 219 exclusively expression-altered (EEA) genes that may play important role in TNBC. Phylogenetic analyses of these genes predict a "punctuated burst" of multiple gene upregulation events occurring at early stages of tumor development, followed by minimal subsequent changes later in tumor progression. Remarkably, this punctuated burst of expressional changes is instigated by hypoxia-related molecular events, predominantly in two groups of genes that control chromosomal instability (CIN) and those that remodel tumor microenvironment (TME). We conclude that alterations in the transcriptome are not stochastic and that early-stage hypoxia induces CIN and TME remodeling to permit further tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Jing
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3 Canada
| | - Frederick S. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Sreejit Parameswaran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Bjorn Haave
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Chelsea E. Cunningham
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Yuliang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Roland Arnold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Bonham
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Andrew Freywald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3 Canada
| | - Franco J. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
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Cross W, Kovac M, Mustonen V, Temko D, Davis H, Baker AM, Biswas S, Arnold R, Chegwidden L, Gatenbee C, Anderson AR, Koelzer VH, Martinez P, Jiang X, Domingo E, Woodcock DJ, Feng Y, Kovacova M, Maughan T, Jansen M, Rodriguez-Justo M, Ashraf S, Guy R, Cunningham C, East JE, Wedge DC, Wang LM, Palles C, Heinimann K, Sottoriva A, Leedham SJ, Graham TA, Tomlinson IPM. The evolutionary landscape of colorectal tumorigenesis. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:1661-1672. [PMID: 30177804 PMCID: PMC6152905 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary events that cause colorectal adenomas (benign) to progress to carcinomas (malignant) remain largely undetermined. Using multi-region genome and exome sequencing of 24 benign and malignant colorectal tumours, we investigate the evolutionary fitness landscape occupied by these neoplasms. Unlike carcinomas, advanced adenomas frequently harbour sub-clonal driver mutations-considered to be functionally important in the carcinogenic process-that have not swept to fixation, and have relatively high genetic heterogeneity. Carcinomas are distinguished from adenomas by widespread aneusomies that are usually clonal and often accrue in a 'punctuated' fashion. We conclude that adenomas evolve across an undulating fitness landscape, whereas carcinomas occupy a sharper fitness peak, probably owing to stabilizing selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Cross
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michal Kovac
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Bone Tumour Reference Center at the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ville Mustonen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Department of Computer Science, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel Temko
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- CoMPLEX, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hayley Davis
- Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ann-Marie Baker
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sujata Biswas
- Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roland Arnold
- Cancer Bioinfomatics Group, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura Chegwidden
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chandler Gatenbee
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, Moffitt Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alexander R Anderson
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, Moffitt Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Viktor H Koelzer
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Martinez
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Enric Domingo
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Yun Feng
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Monika Kovacova
- Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tim Maughan
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marnix Jansen
- Department of Research Pathology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Justo
- Department of Research Pathology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shazad Ashraf
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard Guy
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher Cunningham
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - James E East
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - David C Wedge
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lai Mun Wang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Palles
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Karl Heinimann
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Sottoriva
- Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Lab, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Simon J Leedham
- Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Trevor A Graham
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Ian P M Tomlinson
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Rinke A, Neary M, Eriksson J, Hunger M, Doan T, Karli D, Arnold R. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for octreotide long-acting (oct l-a) vs. placebo (PBO) in patients (pts) with metastatic midgut neuroendocrine tumors (mmNETs) in the phase IIIb PROMID trial. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy293.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Sundell GN, Arnold R, Ali M, Naksukpaiboon P, Orts J, Güntert P, Chi CN, Ivarsson Y. Proteome-wide analysis of phospho-regulated PDZ domain interactions. Mol Syst Biol 2018; 14:e8129. [PMID: 30126976 PMCID: PMC6100724 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20178129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A key function of reversible protein phosphorylation is to regulate protein-protein interactions, many of which involve short linear motifs (3-12 amino acids). Motif-based interactions are difficult to capture because of their often low-to-moderate affinities. Here, we describe phosphomimetic proteomic peptide-phage display, a powerful method for simultaneously finding motif-based interaction and pinpointing phosphorylation switches. We computationally designed an oligonucleotide library encoding human C-terminal peptides containing known or predicted Ser/Thr phosphosites and phosphomimetic variants thereof. We incorporated these oligonucleotides into a phage library and screened the PDZ (PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1) domains of Scribble and DLG1 for interactions potentially enabled or disabled by ligand phosphorylation. We identified known and novel binders and characterized selected interactions through microscale thermophoresis, isothermal titration calorimetry, and NMR We uncover site-specific phospho-regulation of PDZ domain interactions, provide a structural framework for how PDZ domains accomplish phosphopeptide binding, and discuss ligand phosphorylation as a switching mechanism of PDZ domain interactions. The approach is readily scalable and can be used to explore the potential phospho-regulation of motif-based interactions on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav N Sundell
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roland Arnold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Piangfan Naksukpaiboon
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Julien Orts
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Güntert
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Celestine N Chi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ylva Ivarsson
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Dentamaro I, Galian L, Calvo F, Moral S, Robledo-Carmona J, Sanchez V, Saura D, Arnold R, Citro R, Moreo A, Chirillo F, Colonna P, Teixido G, Rdriguez-Palomares J, Evangelista A. P674Evaluation of sex differences in aortic valve dysfunction and aorta dilation in patients with bicuspid aortic valve. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy564.p674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I Dentamaro
- University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Department of Cardiology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Galian
- University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Department of Cardiology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Calvo
- University Hospital Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Moral
- University Hospital de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | | | - V Sanchez
- University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Saura
- Hospital Clínico Univeristario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - R Arnold
- Institute of Heart Sciences (ICICOR), Valladolid, Spain
| | - R Citro
- AOU S. Giovanni e Ruggi, Salerno, Italy
| | - A Moreo
- Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - F Chirillo
- Bassano del Grappa General Hospital, Bassano Del Grappa, Italy
| | - P Colonna
- Polyclinic Hospital of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - G Teixido
- University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Department of Cardiology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - A Evangelista
- University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Department of Cardiology, Barcelona, Spain
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Lee LYW, Anderson J, Arnold R, Freeman Mills L, Mun Wang L, Tomlinson I. Metastatic disease representation: An analysis of 148 paired colorectal cancer lymph node metastatic tumour deposits. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.e15595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lennard YW Lee
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roland Arnold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ian Tomlinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Hadler R, Allen L, Bekelman D, Arnold R, Goldstein N, Kavalieratos D. “There’s Always Another Treatment”— The Promise of Cardiac Devices as Barrier to Advance Care Planning in Heart Failure. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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49
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Kaufman C, Arnold R, Frodsham A, Cizman Z, Hardman R. Abstract No. 656 Percutaneous cryoablation of fibro-adipose vascular anomaly: safe and effective therapy. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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50
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Stapp J, Reinecke J, Skamel HJ, Höffken H, Benning R, Neuhaus C, Lenze H, Trautmann ME, Arnold R, Joseph K. Rezeptorszintigraphie mit 111In-Pentetreotid beiendokrinen gastroenteropankreatischenTumoren. Nuklearmedizin 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1632294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDie Rezeptorszintigraphie mit 111In-Pentetreotid ist ein komplementäres bildgebendesVerfahren mit einer Sensitivität von 88%, um bei Patienten mitklinischen und biochemischen Symptomen eines endokrinen Tumors desGastrointestinaltraktes oder des Pankreas den Primärtumor und dessen Metastasen zu lokalisieren. Als Ganzkörperszintigraphie erfaßt sie jede Körperregionund stellt auch kleine Tumoren dar, die mit den übrigen bildgebendenVerfahren nicht oder nur schwer zu entdecken sind. Bei 104 Patienten mit GEP-Tumoren oder nach operativer Entfernung eines solchen Tumors erwiessich die Rezeptorszintigraphie als dem Ultraschall und der Computertomographie bei 34% in der Aussagekraftüberlegen, bei 52% als gleich und bei 14%als unterlegen.
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