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Kolterud Å, Välimäki N, Kuisma H, Patomo J, Ilves ST, Mäkinen N, Kaukomaa J, Palin K, Kaasinen E, Karhu A, Pasanen A, Bützow R, Heikinheimo O, Kopp Kallner H, Aaltonen LA. Molecular subclass of uterine fibroids predicts tumor shrinkage in response to ulipristal acetate. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:1063-1071. [PMID: 36048862 PMCID: PMC10026225 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine carries great potential for management of all tumor types. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate if the two most common genetically distinct uterine fibroid subclasses, driven by aberrations in MED12 and HMGA2 genes, respectively, influence response to treatment with the progesterone receptor modulator ulipristal acetate. Changes in diameter and mutation status were derived for 101 uterine fibroids surgically removed after ulipristal acetate treatment. A significant difference in treatment response between the two major subclasses was detected. MED12 mutant fibroids had 4.4 times higher odds of shrinking in response to ulipristal acetate treatment as compared to HMGA2 driven fibroids (95% confidence interval 1.37-13.9; P = 0.013), and in a multivariate analysis molecular subclassification was an independent predictive factor. Compatible with this finding, gene expression and DNA methylation analyses revealed subclass specific differences in progesterone receptor signaling. The work provides a proof-of-principle that uterine fibroid treatment response is influenced by molecular subclass and that the genetic subclasses should be taken into account when evaluating current and future uterine fibroid therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Kolterud
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Niko Välimäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Kuisma
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joonatan Patomo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sini T Ilves
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Netta Mäkinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Kaukomaa
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Palin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Auli Karhu
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annukka Pasanen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ralf Bützow
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Oskari Heikinheimo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Kopp Kallner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Danderyd Hospital, 182 88 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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2
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Taira A, Palin K, Kuosmanen A, Välimäki N, Kuittinen O, Kuismin O, Kaasinen E, Rajamäki K, Aaltonen LA. Vitamin C boosts DNA demethylation in TET2 germline mutation carriers. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:7. [PMID: 36639817 PMCID: PMC9840351 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate regulation of DNA methylation is necessary for normal cells to differentiate, develop and function. TET2 catalyzes stepwise DNA demethylation in hematopoietic cells. Mutations in the TET2 gene predispose to hematological malignancies by causing DNA methylation overload and aberrant epigenomic landscape. Studies on mice and cell lines show that the function of TET2 is boosted by vitamin C. Thus, by strengthening the demethylation activity of TET2, vitamin C could play a role in the prevention of hematological malignancies in individuals with TET2 dysfunction. We recently identified a family with lymphoma predisposition where a heterozygous truncating germline mutation in TET2 segregated with nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. The mutation carriers displayed a hypermethylation pattern that was absent in the family members without the mutation. METHODS In a clinical trial of 1 year, we investigated the effects of oral 1 g/day vitamin C supplementation on DNA methylation by analyzing genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression patterns from the family members. RESULTS We show that vitamin C reinforces the DNA demethylation cascade, reduces the proportion of hypermethylated loci and diminishes gene expression differences between TET2 mutation carriers and control individuals. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that vitamin C supplementation increases DNA methylation turnover and provide a basis for further work to examine the potential benefits of vitamin C supplementation in individuals with germline and somatic TET2 mutations. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered at EudraCT with reference number of 2018-000155-41 (01.04.2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Taira
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Palin
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Kuosmanen
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niko Välimäki
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Kuittinen
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ,grid.410705.70000 0004 0628 207XCancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Outi Kuismin
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ,grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland ,grid.412326.00000 0004 4685 4917Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Rajamäki
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A. Aaltonen
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Aavikko M, Kaasinen E, Andersson N, Pentinmikko N, Sulo P, Donner I, Pihlajamaa P, Kuosmanen A, Bramante S, Katainen R, Sipilä LJ, Martin S, Arola J, Carpén O, Heiskanen I, Mecklin JP, Taipale J, Ristimäki A, Lehti K, Gucciardo E, Katajisto P, Schalin-Jäntti C, Vahteristo P, Aaltonen LA. WNT2 activation through proximal germline deletion predisposes to small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors and intestinal adenocarcinomas. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:2429-2440. [PMID: 34274970 PMCID: PMC8643507 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many hereditary cancer syndromes are associated with an increased risk of small and large intestinal adenocarcinomas. However, conditions bearing a high risk to both adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors are yet to be described. We studied a family with 16 individuals in four generations affected by a wide spectrum of intestinal tumors, including hyperplastic polyps, adenomas, small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors, and colorectal and small intestinal adenocarcinomas. To assess the genetic susceptibility and understand the novel phenotype, we utilized multiple molecular methods, including whole genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, single cell sequencing, RNA in situ hybridization and organoid culture. We detected a heterozygous deletion at the cystic fibrosis locus (7q31.2) perfectly segregating with the intestinal tumor predisposition in the family. The deletion removes a topologically associating domain border between CFTR and WNT2, aberrantly activating WNT2 in the intestinal epithelium. These consequences suggest that the deletion predisposes to small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors and small and large intestinal adenocarcinomas, and reveals the broad tumorigenic effects of aberrant WNT activation in the human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervi Aavikko
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Andersson
- Department of Pathology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nalle Pentinmikko
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Sulo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iikki Donner
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Pihlajamaa
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Anna Kuosmanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simona Bramante
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Katainen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri J Sipilä
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samantha Martin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Arola
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Carpén
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Heiskanen
- Endocrine Surgery, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Department of Surgery, Central Finland Central Hospital, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Ari Ristimäki
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erika Gucciardo
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Katajisto
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Schalin-Jäntti
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Vahteristo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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4
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Kuisma H, Bramante S, Rajamäki K, Sipilä LJ, Kaasinen E, Kaukomaa J, Palin K, Mäkinen N, Sjöberg J, Sarvilinna N, Taipale J, Kauppi L, Tumiati M, Hassinen A, Pitkäniemi J, Jalkanen J, Heikkinen S, Pasanen A, Heikinheimo O, Bützow R, Välimäki N, Aaltonen LA. Parity associates with chromosomal damage in uterine leiomyomas. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5448. [PMID: 34521855 PMCID: PMC8440576 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces in a constrained cellular environment were recently established as a facilitator of chromosomal damage. Whether this could contribute to tumorigenesis is not known. Uterine leiomyomas are common neoplasms that display relatively few chromosomal aberrations. We hypothesized that if mechanical forces contribute to chromosomal damage, signs of this could be seen in uterine leiomyomas from parous women. We examined the karyotypes of 1946 tumors, and found a striking overrepresentation of chromosomal damage associated with parity. We then subjected myometrial cells to physiological forces similar to those encountered during pregnancy, and found this to cause DNA breaks and a DNA repair response. While mechanical forces acting in constrained cellular environments may thus contribute to neoplastic degeneration, and genesis of uterine leiomyoma, further studies are needed to prove possible causality of the observed association. No evidence for progression to malignancy was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Kuisma
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simona Bramante
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Rajamäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri J Sipilä
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Kaukomaa
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Palin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Netta Mäkinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Sjöberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nanna Sarvilinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Systems Oncology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Kauppi
- Systems Oncology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Manuela Tumiati
- Systems Oncology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Hassinen
- FIMM-HCA, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Pitkäniemi
- Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jyrki Jalkanen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sanna Heikkinen
- Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annukka Pasanen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Oskari Heikinheimo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ralf Bützow
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niko Välimäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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5
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Katainen R, Donner I, Räisänen M, Berta D, Kuosmanen A, Kaasinen E, Hietala M, Aaltonen LA. Novel germline variant in the histone demethylase and transcription regulator KDM4C induces a multi-cancer phenotype. J Med Genet 2021; 59:644-651. [PMID: 34281993 PMCID: PMC9252859 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-107747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Genes involved in epigenetic regulation are central for chromatin structure and gene expression. Specific mutations in these might promote carcinogenesis in several tissue types. Methods We used exome, whole-genome and Sanger sequencing to detect rare variants shared by seven affected individuals in a striking early-onset multi-cancer family. The only variant that segregated with malignancy resided in a histone demethylase KDM4C. Consequently, we went on to study the epigenetic landscape of the mutation carriers with ATAC, ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) and RNA-sequencing from lymphoblastoid cell lines to identify possible pathogenic effects. Results A novel variant in KDM4C, encoding a H3K9me3 histone demethylase and transcription regulator, was found to segregate with malignancy in the family. Based on Roadmap Epigenomics Project data, differentially accessible chromatin regions between the variant carriers and controls enrich to normally H3K9me3-marked chromatin. We could not detect a difference in global H3K9 trimethylation levels. However, carriers of the variant seemed to have more trimethylated H3K9 at transcription start sites. Pathway analyses of ChIP-seq and differential gene expression data suggested that genes regulated through KDM4C interaction partner EZH2 and its interaction partner PLZF are aberrantly expressed in mutation carriers. Conclusions The apparent dysregulation of H3K9 trimethylation and KDM4C-associated genes in lymphoblastoid cells supports the hypothesis that the KDM4C variant is causative of the multi-cancer susceptibility in the family. As the variant is ultrarare, located in the conserved catalytic JmjC domain and predicted pathogenic by the majority of available in silico tools, further studies on the role of KDM4C in cancer predisposition are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Katainen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iikki Donner
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maritta Räisänen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Davide Berta
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Kuosmanen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Hietala
- Department of Clinical Genetics, TYKS Turku University Hospital and University of Turku Institute of Biomedicine, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Cajuso T, Sulo P, Tanskanen T, Katainen R, Taira A, Hänninen UA, Kondelin J, Forsström L, Välimäki N, Aavikko M, Kaasinen E, Ristimäki A, Koskensalo S, Lepistö A, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Seppälä T, Kuopio T, Böhm J, Mecklin JP, Kilpivaara O, Pitkänen E, Palin K, Aaltonen LA. Retrotransposon insertions can initiate colorectal cancer and are associated with poor survival. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4022. [PMID: 31492840 PMCID: PMC6731219 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11770-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability pathways in colorectal cancer (CRC) have been extensively studied, but the role of retrotransposition in colorectal carcinogenesis remains poorly understood. Although retrotransposons are usually repressed, they become active in several human cancers, in particular those of the gastrointestinal tract. Here we characterize retrotransposon insertions in 202 colorectal tumor whole genomes and investigate their associations with molecular and clinical characteristics. We find highly variable retrotransposon activity among tumors and identify recurrent insertions in 15 known cancer genes. In approximately 1% of the cases we identify insertions in APC, likely to be tumor-initiating events. Insertions are positively associated with the CpG island methylator phenotype and the genomic fraction of allelic imbalance. Clinically, high number of insertions is independently associated with poor disease-specific survival. Retrotransposons are usually dormant in healthy tissue, but become activated during malignancy. Here, in colorectal cancer, Cajuso et al. show that retrotransposon activity associates with clinical features of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Cajuso
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Sulo
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Tanskanen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Katainen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aurora Taira
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulrika A Hänninen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Kondelin
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linda Forsström
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niko Välimäki
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Aavikko
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Ristimäki
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, (Haartmaninkatu 3), FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Selja Koskensalo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, (Haartmaninkatu 4), FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Lepistö
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, (Haartmaninkatu 4), FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, (Haartmaninkatu 4), FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Toni Seppälä
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, (Haartmaninkatu 4), FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teijo Kuopio
- Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, (Seminaarinkatu 15), FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Central Finland Health Care District, (Keskussairaalantie 19), FI-40620 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jan Böhm
- Department of Pathology, Central Finland Health Care District, (Keskussairaalantie 19), FI-40620 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Department of Surgery, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, (Keskussairaalantie 19), FI-40620, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, (Seminaarinkatu 15), FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Outi Kilpivaara
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Pitkänen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Palin
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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7
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Law PJ, Timofeeva M, Fernandez-Rozadilla C, Broderick P, Studd J, Fernandez-Tajes J, Farrington S, Svinti V, Palles C, Orlando G, Sud A, Holroyd A, Penegar S, Theodoratou E, Vaughan-Shaw P, Campbell H, Zgaga L, Hayward C, Campbell A, Harris S, Deary IJ, Starr J, Gatcombe L, Pinna M, Briggs S, Martin L, Jaeger E, Sharma-Oates A, East J, Leedham S, Arnold R, Johnstone E, Wang H, Kerr D, Kerr R, Maughan T, Kaplan R, Al-Tassan N, Palin K, Hänninen UA, Cajuso T, Tanskanen T, Kondelin J, Kaasinen E, Sarin AP, Eriksson JG, Rissanen H, Knekt P, Pukkala E, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Ripatti S, Palotie A, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Lepistö A, Böhm J, Mecklin JP, Buchanan DD, Win AK, Hopper J, Jenkins ME, Lindor NM, Newcomb PA, Gallinger S, Duggan D, Casey G, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Jöckel KH, Easton DF, Pharoah PDP, Peto J, Canzian F, Swerdlow A, Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai Z, Muir K, Pashayan N, Harkin A, Allan K, McQueen J, Paul J, Iveson T, Saunders M, Butterbach K, Chang-Claude J, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H, Kirac I, Matošević P, Hofer P, Brezina S, Gsur A, Cheadle JP, Aaltonen LA, Tomlinson I, Houlston RS, Dunlop MG. Association analyses identify 31 new risk loci for colorectal cancer susceptibility. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2154. [PMID: 31089142 PMCID: PMC6517433 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and has a strong heritable basis. We report a genome-wide association analysis of 34,627 CRC cases and 71,379 controls of European ancestry that identifies SNPs at 31 new CRC risk loci. We also identify eight independent risk SNPs at the new and previously reported European CRC loci, and a further nine CRC SNPs at loci previously only identified in Asian populations. We use in situ promoter capture Hi-C (CHi-C), gene expression, and in silico annotation methods to identify likely target genes of CRC SNPs. Whilst these new SNP associations implicate target genes that are enriched for known CRC pathways such as Wnt and BMP, they also highlight novel pathways with no prior links to colorectal tumourigenesis. These findings provide further insight into CRC susceptibility and enhance the prospects of applying genetic risk scores to personalised screening and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Maria Timofeeva
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ceres Fernandez-Rozadilla
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Peter Broderick
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - James Studd
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Juan Fernandez-Tajes
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, McCarthy Group, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Susan Farrington
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Victoria Svinti
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Claire Palles
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Giulia Orlando
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Amit Sud
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Amy Holroyd
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Steven Penegar
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Peter Vaughan-Shaw
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Lina Zgaga
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sarah Harris
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - John Starr
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Laura Gatcombe
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maria Pinna
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sarah Briggs
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lynn Martin
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emma Jaeger
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Archana Sharma-Oates
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - James East
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department. of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Simon Leedham
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, McCarthy Group, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Roland Arnold
- Cancer Bioinfomatics Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Elaine Johnstone
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - David Kerr
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Rachel Kerr
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Tim Maughan
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Richard Kaplan
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, Aviation House, 125 Kingsway, London, WC2B 6NH, UK
| | - Nada Al-Tassan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kimmo Palin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Ulrika A Hänninen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Tatiana Cajuso
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Tomas Tanskanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Johanna Kondelin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, 00250, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Harri Rissanen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Paul Knekt
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland, and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo
- Department of Surgery, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00029, Finland
| | - Anna Lepistö
- Department of Surgery, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00029, Finland
| | - Jan Böhm
- Department of Pathology, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, 40620, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Department of Surgery, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, 40620, Finland
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Centre for Cancer Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Aung-Ko Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - John Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mark E Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - David Duggan
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), An Affiliate of City of Hope, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Virginia, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7HL, UK
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Strangeways Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Andrea Harkin
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Karen Allan
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - John McQueen
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - James Paul
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Timothy Iveson
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Mark Saunders
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Katja Butterbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Iva Kirac
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital for Tumours, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Petar Matošević
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Philipp Hofer
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Brezina
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jeremy P Cheadle
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.
| | - Malcolm G Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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8
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Kondelin J, Salokas K, Saarinen L, Ovaska K, Rauanheimo H, Plaketti RM, Hamberg J, Liu X, Yadav L, Gylfe AE, Cajuso T, Hänninen UA, Palin K, Ristolainen H, Katainen R, Kaasinen E, Tanskanen T, Aavikko M, Taipale M, Taipale J, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Lepistö A, Koskensalo S, Böhm J, Mecklin JP, Ongen H, Dermitzakis ET, Kilpivaara O, Vahteristo P, Turunen M, Hautaniemi S, Tuupanen S, Karhu A, Välimäki N, Varjosalo M, Pitkänen E, Aaltonen LA. Comprehensive evaluation of coding region point mutations in microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708552. [PMID: 30108113 PMCID: PMC6402450 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) leads to accumulation of an excessive number of mutations in the genome, mostly small insertions and deletions. MSI colorectal cancers (CRCs), however, also contain more point mutations than microsatellite‐stable (MSS) tumors, yet they have not been as comprehensively studied. To identify candidate driver genes affected by point mutations in MSI CRC, we ranked genes based on mutation significance while correcting for replication timing and gene expression utilizing an algorithm, MutSigCV. Somatic point mutation data from the exome kit‐targeted area from 24 exome‐sequenced sporadic MSI CRCs and respective normals, and 12 whole‐genome‐sequenced sporadic MSI CRCs and respective normals were utilized. The top 73 genes were validated in 93 additional MSI CRCs. The MutSigCV ranking identified several well‐established MSI CRC driver genes and provided additional evidence for previously proposed CRC candidate genes as well as shortlisted genes that have to our knowledge not been linked to CRC before. Two genes, SMARCB1 and STK38L, were also functionally scrutinized, providing evidence of a tumorigenic role, for SMARCB1 mutations in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kondelin
- Medicum/Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Salokas
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lilli Saarinen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Ovaska
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Rauanheimo
- Medicum/Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roosa-Maria Plaketti
- Medicum/Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jiri Hamberg
- Medicum/Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Yadav
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexandra E Gylfe
- Medicum/Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatiana Cajuso
- Medicum/Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulrika A Hänninen
- Medicum/Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Palin
- Medicum/Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Ristolainen
- Medicum/Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Katainen
- Medicum/Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Medicum/Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Tanskanen
- Medicum/Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Aavikko
- Medicum/Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Taipale
- Division of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Medicum/Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Science for Life Center, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Lepistö
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Selja Koskensalo
- The HUCH Gastrointestinal Clinic, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Böhm
- Department of Pathology, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Department of Surgery, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Halit Ongen
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanouil T Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Outi Kilpivaara
- Medicum/Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Vahteristo
- Medicum/Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Turunen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Tuupanen
- Medicum/Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Auli Karhu
- Medicum/Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niko Välimäki
- Medicum/Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Pitkänen
- Medicum/Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Medicum/Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland .,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Donner I, Katainen R, Kaasinen E, Aavikko M, Sipilä LJ, Pukkala E, Aaltonen LA. Candidate susceptibility variants in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Fam Cancer 2019; 18:113-119. [PMID: 30097855 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-018-0099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a subtype of peripheral T-cell lymphoma with a poor prognosis: the 5-year survival rate is approximately 30%. Somatic driver mutations have been found in TET2, IDH2, DNMT3A, RHOA, FYN, PLCG1, and CD28, whereas germline susceptibility to AITL has to our knowledge not been studied. The homogenous Finnish population is well suited for studies on genetic predisposition. Here, we performed an exome-wide rare variant analysis in 23 AITL patients. No germline mutations were found in the driver genes, implying that they are not frequently involved in genetic AITL predisposition. Potentially pathogenic variants present in at least two patients and showing significant (p < 0.01) enrichment in our sample set were found in ten genes: POLK, PRKCB, ZNF676, PRRC2B, PCDHGB6, GNL3L, TTC36, OTOG, OSGEPL1, and RASSF9. The most significantly enriched variants, causing p.Lys469Ter in a splice variant of POLK and p.Pro588His in PRKCB, are intriguing candidates as Polk deficient mice display a spontaneous mutator phenotype, whereas PRKCB was recently shown to be somatically mutated in 33% of another peripheral T-cell lymphoma, adult T-cell lymphoma. If validated, our findings would provide new insight into the pathogenesis of AITL, as well as tools for early detection in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iikki Donner
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Katainen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mervi Aavikko
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri J Sipilä
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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10
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Kaasinen E, Kuismin O, Rajamäki K, Ristolainen H, Aavikko M, Kondelin J, Saarinen S, Berta DG, Katainen R, Hirvonen EAM, Karhu A, Taira A, Tanskanen T, Alkodsi A, Taipale M, Morgunova E, Franssila K, Lehtonen R, Mäkinen M, Aittomäki K, Palotie A, Kurki MI, Pietiläinen O, Hilpert M, Saarentaus E, Niinimäki J, Junttila J, Kaikkonen K, Vahteristo P, Skoda RC, Seppänen MRJ, Eklund KK, Taipale J, Kilpivaara O, Aaltonen LA. Impact of constitutional TET2 haploinsufficiency on molecular and clinical phenotype in humans. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1252. [PMID: 30890702 PMCID: PMC6424975 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09198-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis driven by somatic heterozygous TET2 loss is linked to malignant degeneration via consequent aberrant DNA methylation, and possibly to cardiovascular disease via increased cytokine and chemokine expression as reported in mice. Here, we discover a germline TET2 mutation in a lymphoma family. We observe neither unusual predisposition to atherosclerosis nor abnormal pro-inflammatory cytokine or chemokine expression. The latter finding is confirmed in cells from three additional unrelated TET2 germline mutation carriers. The TET2 defect elevates blood DNA methylation levels, especially at active enhancers and cell-type specific regulatory regions with binding sequences of master transcription factors involved in hematopoiesis. The regions display reduced methylation relative to all open chromatin regions in four DNMT3A germline mutation carriers, potentially due to TET2-mediated oxidation. Our findings provide insight into the interplay between epigenetic modulators and transcription factor activity in hematological neoplasia, but do not confirm the putative role of TET2 in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eevi Kaasinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Outi Kuismin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, FI-90029, Oulu, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Rajamäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Ristolainen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Aavikko
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Kondelin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Silva Saarinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Davide G Berta
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Katainen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina A M Hirvonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Auli Karhu
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aurora Taira
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Tanskanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Amjad Alkodsi
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Taipale
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ekaterina Morgunova
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaarle Franssila
- HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rainer Lehtonen
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Mäkinen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
| | - Mitja I Kurki
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
| | - Morgane Hilpert
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, CH-4031, Switzerland
| | - Elmo Saarentaus
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Niinimäki
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juhani Junttila
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Kaikkonen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pia Vahteristo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Radek C Skoda
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, CH-4031, Switzerland
| | - Mikko R J Seppänen
- Adult Immunodeficiency Unit, Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029, Helsinki, Finland
- Rare Diseases Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari K Eklund
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029, Helsinki, Finland
- ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital, FI-00280, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Outi Kilpivaara
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Välimäki N, Kuisma H, Pasanen A, Heikinheimo O, Sjöberg J, Bützow R, Sarvilinna N, Heinonen HR, Tolvanen J, Bramante S, Tanskanen T, Auvinen J, Uimari O, Alkodsi A, Lehtonen R, Kaasinen E, Palin K, Aaltonen LA. Genetic predisposition to uterine leiomyoma is determined by loci for genitourinary development and genome stability. eLife 2018; 7:37110. [PMID: 30226466 PMCID: PMC6203434 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas (ULs) are benign tumors that are a major burden to women’s health. A genome-wide association study on 15,453 UL cases and 392,628 controls was performed, followed by replication of the genomic risk in six cohorts. Effects of the risk alleles were evaluated in view of molecular and clinical characteristics. 22 loci displayed a genome-wide significant association. The likely predisposition genes could be grouped to two biological processes. Genes involved in genome stability were represented by TERT, TERC, OBFC1 - highlighting the role of telomere maintenance - TP53 and ATM. Genes involved in genitourinary development, WNT4, WT1, SALL1, MED12, ESR1, GREB1, FOXO1, DMRT1 and uterine stem cell marker antigen CD44, formed another strong subgroup. The combined risk contributed by the 22 loci was associated with MED12 mutation-positive tumors. The findings link genes for uterine development and genetic stability to leiomyomagenesis, and in part explain the more frequent occurrence of UL in women of African origin. Fibroids – also known as uterine leiomyomas, or myomas – are a very common form of benign tumor that grows in the muscle wall of the uterus. As many as 70% of women develop fibroids in their lifetime. About a fifth of women report symptoms including severe pain, heavy bleeding during periods and complications in pregnancy. In the United States, the cost of treating fibroids is estimated to be $34 billion each year. Despite the prevalence of fibroids in women, there are few treatments available. Drugs to target them have limited effect and often an invasive procedure such as surgery is needed to remove the tumors. However, a better understanding of the genetics of fibroids could lead to a way to develop better treatment options. Välimäki, Kuisma et al. used a genome-wide association study to seek out DNA variations that are more common in people with fibroids. Using data from the UK Biobank, the genomes of over 15,000 women with fibroids were analyzed against a control population of over 392,000 individuals. The analysis revealed 22 regions of the genome that were associated with fibroids. These regions included genes that may well contribute to fibroid development, such as the gene TP53, which influences the stability of the genome, and ESR1, which codes for a receptor for estrogen – a hormone known to play a role in the growth of fibroids. Variation in a set of genes known to control development of the female reproductive organs was also identified in women with fibroids. The findings are the result of the largest genome-wide association study on fibroids, revealing a set of genes that could influence the development of fibroids. Studying these genes could lead to more effective drug development to treat fibroids. Revealing this group of genes could also help to identify women at high risk of developing fibroids and help to prevent or manage the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Välimäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Kuisma
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annukka Pasanen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Oskari Heikinheimo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Sjöberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ralf Bützow
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nanna Sarvilinna
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna-Riikka Heinonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Tolvanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simona Bramante
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Tanskanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts' Project Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Outi Uimari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Amjad Alkodsi
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rainer Lehtonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kimmo Palin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Yin Y, Morgunova E, Jolma A, Kaasinen E, Sahu B, Khund-Sayeed S, Das PK, Kivioja T, Dave K, Zhong F, Nitta KR, Taipale M, Popov A, Ginno PA, Domcke S, Yan J, Schübeler D, Vinson C, Taipale J. Impact of cytosine methylation on DNA binding specificities of human transcription factors. Science 2018; 356:356/6337/eaaj2239. [PMID: 28473536 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaj2239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 667] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The majority of CpG dinucleotides in the human genome are methylated at cytosine bases. However, active gene regulatory elements are generally hypomethylated relative to their flanking regions, and the binding of some transcription factors (TFs) is diminished by methylation of their target sequences. By analysis of 542 human TFs with methylation-sensitive SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment), we found that there are also many TFs that prefer CpG-methylated sequences. Most of these are in the extended homeodomain family. Structural analysis showed that homeodomain specificity for methylcytosine depends on direct hydrophobic interactions with the methylcytosine 5-methyl group. This study provides a systematic examination of the effect of an epigenetic DNA modification on human TF binding specificity and reveals that many developmentally important proteins display preference for mCpG-containing sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Yin
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ekaterina Morgunova
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arttu Jolma
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Biswajyoti Sahu
- Genome-Scale Biology Program, Post Office Box 63, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Syed Khund-Sayeed
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Room 3128, Building 37, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pratyush K Das
- Genome-Scale Biology Program, Post Office Box 63, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Kivioja
- Genome-Scale Biology Program, Post Office Box 63, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kashyap Dave
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fan Zhong
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kazuhiro R Nitta
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minna Taipale
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Popov
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Paul A Ginno
- Friedrich-Miescher-Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Domcke
- Friedrich-Miescher-Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jian Yan
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dirk Schübeler
- Friedrich-Miescher-Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charles Vinson
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Room 3128, Building 37, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden. .,Genome-Scale Biology Program, Post Office Box 63, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Heinonen HR, Mehine M, Mäkinen N, Pasanen A, Pitkänen E, Karhu A, Sarvilinna NS, Sjöberg J, Heikinheimo O, Bützow R, Aaltonen LA, Kaasinen E. Global metabolomic profiling of uterine leiomyomas. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1855-1864. [PMID: 29073636 PMCID: PMC5729474 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine leiomyomas can be classified into molecularly distinct subtypes according to their genetic triggers: MED12 mutations, HMGA2 upregulation, or inactivation of FH. The aim of this study was to identify metabolites and metabolic pathways that are dysregulated in different subtypes of leiomyomas. METHODS We performed global metabolomic profiling of 25 uterine leiomyomas and 17 corresponding myometrium specimens using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. RESULTS A total of 641 metabolites were detected. All leiomyomas displayed reduced homocarnosine and haeme metabolite levels. We identified a clearly distinct metabolomic profile for leiomyomas of the FH subtype, characterised by metabolic alterations in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathways, and increased levels of multiple lipids and amino acids. Several metabolites were uniquely elevated in leiomyomas of the FH subtype, including N6-succinyladenosine and argininosuccinate, serving as potential biomarkers for FH deficiency. In contrast, leiomyomas of the MED12 subtype displayed reduced levels of vitamin A, multiple membrane lipids and amino acids, and dysregulation of vitamin C metabolism, a finding which was also compatible with gene expression data. CONCLUSIONS The study reveals the metabolomic heterogeneity of leiomyomas and provides the requisite framework for strategies designed to target metabolic alterations promoting the growth of these prevalent tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna-Riikka Heinonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Miika Mehine
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Netta Mäkinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Annukka Pasanen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 21, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Esa Pitkänen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Auli Karhu
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Nanna S Sarvilinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 140, Helsinki FIN-00029, Finland
| | - Jari Sjöberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 140, Helsinki FIN-00029, Finland
| | - Oskari Heikinheimo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 140, Helsinki FIN-00029, Finland
| | - Ralf Bützow
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 21, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Division of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles Väg 2, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden
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14
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May-Wilson S, Sud A, Law PJ, Palin K, Tuupanen S, Gylfe A, Hänninen UA, Cajuso T, Tanskanen T, Kondelin J, Kaasinen E, Sarin AP, Eriksson JG, Rissanen H, Knekt P, Pukkala E, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Ripatti S, Palotie A, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Lepistö A, Böhm J, Mecklin JP, Al-Tassan NA, Palles C, Farrington SM, Timofeeva MN, Meyer BF, Wakil SM, Campbell H, Smith CG, Idziaszczyk S, Maughan TS, Fisher D, Kerr R, Kerr D, Passarelli MN, Figueiredo JC, Buchanan DD, Win AK, Hopper JL, Jenkins MA, Lindor NM, Newcomb PA, Gallinger S, Conti D, Schumacher F, Casey G, Aaltonen LA, Cheadle JP, Tomlinson IP, Dunlop MG, Houlston RS. Pro-inflammatory fatty acid profile and colorectal cancer risk: A Mendelian randomisation analysis. Eur J Cancer 2017; 84:228-238. [PMID: 28829991 PMCID: PMC5630201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While dietary fat has been established as a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), associations between fatty acids (FAs) and CRC have been inconsistent. Using Mendelian randomisation (MR), we sought to evaluate associations between polyunsaturated (PUFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and saturated FAs (SFAs) and CRC risk. METHODS We analysed genotype data on 9254 CRC cases and 18,386 controls of European ancestry. Externally weighted polygenic risk scores were generated and used to evaluate associations with CRC per one standard deviation increase in genetically defined plasma FA levels. RESULTS Risk reduction was observed for oleic and palmitoleic MUFAs (OROA = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.65-0.92, P = 3.9 × 10-3; ORPOA = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.15-0.84, P = 0.018). PUFAs linoleic and arachidonic acid had negative and positive associations with CRC respectively (ORLA = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93-0.98, P = 3.7 × 10-4; ORAA = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.07, P = 1.7 × 10-4). The SFA stearic acid was associated with increased CRC risk (ORSA = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01-1.35, P = 0.041). CONCLUSION Results from our analysis are broadly consistent with a pro-inflammatory FA profile having a detrimental effect in terms of CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian May-Wilson
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Amit Sud
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Philip J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Kimmo Palin
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Sari Tuupanen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Alexandra Gylfe
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Ulrika A Hänninen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Tatiana Cajuso
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Tomas Tanskanen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Johanna Kondelin
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, 00250, Finland; Unit of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Harri Rissanen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Paul Knekt
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, 00130, Finland; School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo
- Abdominal Center, Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00029, Finland
| | - Anna Lepistö
- Abdominal Center, Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00029, Finland
| | - Jan Böhm
- Department of Pathology, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, 40620, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Department of Surgery, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Jyväskylä, 40620, Finland
| | - Nada A Al-Tassan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claire Palles
- Molecular & Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Susan M Farrington
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Maria N Timofeeva
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Brian F Meyer
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma M Wakil
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Christopher G Smith
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Shelley Idziaszczyk
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Timothy S Maughan
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - David Fisher
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Aviation House, London, WC2B 6NH, UK
| | - Rachel Kerr
- Oxford Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - David Kerr
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Michael N Passarelli
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Aung K Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - David Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Fred Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Jeremy P Cheadle
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Ian P Tomlinson
- Molecular & Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Malcolm G Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.
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15
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Rodriguez-Broadbent H, Law PJ, Sud A, Palin K, Tuupanen S, Gylfe A, Hänninen UA, Cajuso T, Tanskanen T, Kondelin J, Kaasinen E, Sarin AP, Ripatti S, Eriksson JG, Rissanen H, Knekt P, Pukkala E, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Palotie A, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Lepistö A, Böhm J, Mecklin JP, Al-Tassan NA, Palles C, Martin L, Barclay E, Farrington SM, Timofeeva MN, Meyer BF, Wakil SM, Campbell H, Smith CG, Idziaszczyk S, Maughan TS, Kaplan R, Kerr R, Kerr D, Passarelli MN, Figueiredo JC, Buchanan DD, Win AK, Hopper JL, Jenkins MA, Lindor NM, Newcomb PA, Gallinger S, Conti D, Schumacher F, Casey G, Aaltonen LA, Cheadle JP, Tomlinson IP, Dunlop MG, Houlston RS. Mendelian randomisation implicates hyperlipidaemia as a risk factor for colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2701-2708. [PMID: 28340513 PMCID: PMC6135234 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
While elevated blood cholesterol has been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in observational studies, causality is uncertain. Here we apply a Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis to examine the potential causal relationship between lipid traits and CRC risk. We used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with blood levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as instrumental variables (IV). We calculated MR estimates for each risk factor with CRC using SNP-CRC associations from 9,254 cases and 18,386 controls. Genetically predicted higher TC was associated with an elevated risk of CRC (odds ratios (OR) per unit SD increase = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-1.79, p = 1.68 × 10-4 ). The pooled ORs for LDL, HDL, and TG were 1.05 (95% CI: 0.92-1.18, p = 0.49), 0.94 (95% CI: 0.84-1.05, p = 0.27), and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.85-1.12, p = 0.75) respectively. A genetic risk score for 3-hydoxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) to mimic the effects of statin therapy was associated with a reduced CRC risk (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.49-0.99, p = 0.046). This study supports a causal relationship between higher levels of TC with CRC risk, and a further rationale for implementing public health strategies to reduce the prevalence of hyperlipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip J. Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Amit Sud
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Kimmo Palin
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Sari Tuupanen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Alexandra Gylfe
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Ulrika A. Hänninen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Tatiana Cajuso
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Tomas Tanskanen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Johanna Kondelin
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, 00250, Finland
- Unit of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Harri Rissanen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Paul Knekt
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, 00130, Finland
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo
- Abdominal Center, Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00029, Finland
| | - Anna Lepistö
- Abdominal Center, Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00029, Finland
| | - Jan Böhm
- Department of Pathology, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, 40620, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Department of Surgery, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Jyväskylä, 40620, Finland
| | - Nada A. Al-Tassan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claire Palles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Lynn Martin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Ella Barclay
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Susan M. Farrington
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Maria N. Timofeeva
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Brian F. Meyer
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma M. Wakil
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Christopher G. Smith
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Shelley Idziaszczyk
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Timothy S. Maughan
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Richard Kaplan
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Aviation House, London, WC2B 6NH, UK
| | - Rachel Kerr
- Oxford Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - David Kerr
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Michael N. Passarelli
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Jane C. Figueiredo
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel D. Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Aung K. Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Mark A. Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Noralane M. Lindor
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Polly A. Newcomb
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - David Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Fred Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Lauri A. Aaltonen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Jeremy P. Cheadle
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Ian P. Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Malcolm G. Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Richard S. Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
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16
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Kondelin J, Gylfe AE, Lundgren S, Tanskanen T, Hamberg J, Aavikko M, Palin K, Ristolainen H, Katainen R, Kaasinen E, Taipale M, Taipale J, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Järvinen H, Böhm J, Mecklin JP, Vahteristo P, Tuupanen S, Aaltonen LA, Pitkänen E. Comprehensive Evaluation of Protein Coding Mononucleotide Microsatellites in Microsatellite-Unstable Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4078-4088. [PMID: 28611049 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 15% of colorectal cancers exhibit microsatellite instability (MSI), which leads to accumulation of large numbers of small insertions and deletions (indels). Genes that provide growth advantage to cells via loss-of-function mutations in microsatellites are called MSI target genes. Several criteria to define these genes have been suggested, one of them being simple mutation frequency. Microsatellite mutation rate, however, depends on the length and nucleotide context of the microsatellite. Therefore, assessing the general impact of mismatch repair deficiency on the likelihood of mutation events is paramount when following this approach. To identify MSI target genes, we developed a statistical model for the somatic background indel mutation rate of microsatellites to assess mutation significance. Exome sequencing data of 24 MSI colorectal cancers revealed indels at 54 million mononucleotide microsatellites of three or more nucleotides in length. The top 105 microsatellites from 71 genes were further analyzed in 93 additional MSI colorectal cancers. Mutation significance and estimated clonality of mutations determined the most likely MSI target genes to be the aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase AASDH and the solute transporter SLC9A8 Our findings offer a systematic profiling of the somatic background mutation rate in protein-coding mononucleotide microsatellites, allowing a full cataloging of the true targets of MSI in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res; 77(15); 4078-88. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kondelin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexandra E Gylfe
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofie Lundgren
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Tanskanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jiri Hamberg
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Aavikko
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Palin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Ristolainen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Katainen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Taipale
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Science for Life Center, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Science for Life Center, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Järvinen
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Böhm
- Department of Pathology, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Department of Surgery, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pia Vahteristo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Tuupanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Esa Pitkänen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Dave K, Sur I, Yan J, Zhang J, Kaasinen E, Zhong F, Blaas L, Li X, Kharazi S, Gustafsson C, De Paepe A, Månsson R, Taipale J. Mice deficient of Myc super-enhancer region reveal differential control mechanism between normal and pathological growth. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28583252 PMCID: PMC5461110 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene desert upstream of the MYC oncogene on chromosome 8q24 contains susceptibility loci for several major forms of human cancer. The region shows high conservation between human and mouse and contains multiple MYC enhancers that are activated in tumor cells. However, the role of this region in normal development has not been addressed. Here we show that a 538 kb deletion of the entire MYC upstream super-enhancer region in mice results in 50% to 80% decrease in Myc expression in multiple tissues. The mice are viable and show no overt phenotype. However, they are resistant to tumorigenesis, and most normal cells isolated from them grow slowly in culture. These results reveal that only cells whose MYC activity is increased by serum or oncogenic driver mutations depend on the 8q24 super-enhancer region, and indicate that targeting the activity of this element is a promising strategy of cancer chemoprevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashyap Dave
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inderpreet Sur
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian Yan
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jilin Zhang
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fan Zhong
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leander Blaas
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoze Li
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shabnam Kharazi
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Gustafsson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ayla De Paepe
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Månsson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Donner I, Katainen R, Tanskanen T, Kaasinen E, Aavikko M, Ovaska K, Artama M, Pukkala E, Aaltonen LA. Candidate susceptibility variants for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 56:453-459. [PMID: 28165652 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is common worldwide, and often fatal. The major histological subtype is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). ESCC shows familial aggregation and high heritability. Mutations in RHBDF2 cause tylosis, a very rare disorder characterized by high life-time risk of ESCC, but no other well-established predisposition genes have been identified. To identify candidate susceptibility variants for ESCC we utilized the Population Information System and the Finnish cancer registry to find study materials by clustering ESCC patients by family name at birth and municipality at birth. We collected archival tissue material and exome sequenced a total of 30 ESCC cases. We prioritized shared, deleterious and rare variants that were significantly enriched in our sample set compared to Finnish and population subset specific controls. Six variants passed filtering, the most frequent being a nonsense mutation in DNAH9 (p.Tyr1573Ter) found in four unrelated patients. DNAH9 has been reported to be frequently lost in ESCC tumors. In this study, one patient's tumor showed loss of the wild type allele of DNAH9 suggesting a tumor suppressive function. A missense variant in GKAP1 was shared by three patients, and missense variants in BAG1, NFX1, FUK, and DDOST by two each. EP300 which has previously been implicated in the genesis of ESCC had a missense variant segregating in three affected individuals in a single family. If validated in independent patient sets, these variants could serve as a tool towards prevention and early diagnosis of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iikki Donner
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Katainen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Tanskanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Aavikko
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Ovaska
- Genome Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miia Artama
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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19
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Kaasinen E, Alkodsi A, Mehine M, Heinonen HR, Mäkinen N, Aavikko M, Kampjärvi K, Taipale M, Vahteristo P, Lehtonen R, Aaltonen LA. Abstract 4435: Genome-scale DNA methylation changes delineate uterine leiomyoma subgroups. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Symptomatic uterine leiomyomas (ULs) occur in as many as 20% of women. These bening lesions are a major burden to women's health by causing health complications such as abnormal bleeding, pain and infertility, and they are a common cause of hysterectomy that is at present the only curative treatment. Similar to other solid tumors, genetic and epigenetic changes are likely to have value as predictors of UL clinical outcome, as well as response to treatment. Recent findings from us and others have provided evidence for existence of at least three distinct molecular UL subgroups, each displaying a characteristic genetic driver aberration; MED12 mutation, HMGA2 activation or FH mutation.
We conducted DNA methylation analysis of bisulfite sequencing data from 59 tumors and 38 normal myometrium samples on targeted genomic regions (84.5Mb) such as CpG islands, shores and shelves, GENCODE promoters and DNaseI hypersensitive sites from ENCODE data using Agilent SureSelect methyl-seq target enrichment system. The studied samples consisted of 17 MED12-mutated, 11 HMGA2-upregulated and 6 FH-mutated tumors. Whole-genome sequencing and expression array profiling had been performed previously from the same specimens (Mehine, Kaasinen, et al. 2014).
We developed a data processing pipeline that makes use of: (i) Trim Galore tool for quality control of sequencing data (ii) Bismark for alignment and DNA methylation calling (Krueger & Andrews 2011).
Hierarchical clustering of all detected CpG sites revealed that MED12- and FH-mutated tumors cluster according to the driver changes, and HMGA2-upregulated tumors cluster in two separate branches. Global hypermethylation profile was detected in FH-mutated tumors, which is compatible with previous reports in paragangliomas (Letouzé et al. 2013). Four tumors with COL4A5/COL4A6 aberration did not display uniform DNA methylation pattern and four tumors without known genetic driver changes clustered among normal myometrium samples; one of these tumors harbors a somatic TP53 rearrangement created through massive chromothripsis rearrangement event. As myometrium samples showed uniform global DNA methylation by clustering clearly separate from majority of the tumors, statistically powerful comparison of UL subgroups with different genetic background to myometrium samples was enabled. Furthermore, integration of differentially methylated regions with significant expression changes allowed us to characterize genes which are epigenetically activated or silenced in different UL subgroups. All ULs displayed increased methylation of genes enriched in developmentally related biological processes.
Our results provide strong evidence that the known UL subgroups are distinguishable by global DNA methylation profiling. The role of the identified epigenetically activated or silenced genes should be studied further to allow better understanding of the biological processes related to UL development and clinical outcome.
Citation Format: Eevi Kaasinen, Amjad Alkodsi, Miika Mehine, Hanna-Riikka Heinonen, Netta Mäkinen, Mervi Aavikko, Kati Kampjärvi, Minna Taipale, Pia Vahteristo, Rainer Lehtonen, Lauri A. Aaltonen. Genome-scale DNA methylation changes delineate uterine leiomyoma subgroups. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4435.
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20
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Jarvis D, Mitchell JS, Law PJ, Palin K, Tuupanen S, Gylfe A, Hänninen UA, Cajuso T, Tanskanen T, Kondelin J, Kaasinen E, Sarin AP, Kaprio J, Eriksson JG, Rissanen H, Knekt P, Pukkala E, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Ripatti S, Palotie A, Järvinen H, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Lepistö A, Böhm J, Meklin JP, Al-Tassan NA, Palles C, Martin L, Barclay E, Farrington SM, Timofeeva MN, Meyer BF, Wakil SM, Campbell H, Smith CG, Idziaszczyk S, Maughan TS, Kaplan R, Kerr R, Kerr D, Buchanan DD, Win AK, Hopper JL, Jenkins MA, Lindor NM, Newcomb PA, Gallinger S, Conti D, Schumacher F, Casey G, Taipale J, Aaltonen LA, Cheadle JP, Dunlop MG, Tomlinson IP, Houlston RS. Mendelian randomisation analysis strongly implicates adiposity with risk of developing colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:266-72. [PMID: 27336604 PMCID: PMC4947703 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have associated adiposity with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, such studies do not establish a causal relationship. To minimise bias from confounding we performed a Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis to examine the relationship between adiposity and CRC. METHODS We used SNPs associated with adult body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), childhood obesity and birth weight as instrumental variables in a MR analysis of 9254 CRC cases and 18 386 controls. RESULTS In the MR analysis, the odds ratios (ORs) of CRC risk per unit increase in BMI, WHR and childhood obesity were 1.23 (95% CI: 1.02-1.49, P=0.033), 1.59 (95% CI: 1.08-2.34, P=0.019) and 1.07 (95% CI: 1.03-1.13, P=0.018), respectively. There was no evidence for association between birth weight and CRC (OR=1.22, 95% CI: 0.89-1.67, P=0.22). Combining these data with a concurrent MR-based analysis for BMI and WHR with CRC risk (totalling to 18 190 cases, 27 617 controls) provided increased support, ORs for BMI and WHR were 1.26 (95% CI: 1.10-1.44, P=7.7 × 10(-4)) and 1.40 (95% CI: 1.14-1.72, P=1.2 × 10(-3)), respectively. CONCLUSIONS These data provide further evidence for a strong causal relationship between adiposity and the risk of developing CRC highlighting the urgent need for prevention and treatment of adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jarvis
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Jonathan S Mitchell
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Philip J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Kimmo Palin
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Sari Tuupanen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Alexandra Gylfe
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Ulrika A Hänninen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tatiana Cajuso
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tomas Tanskanen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Johanna Kondelin
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki 00250, Finland
- Unit of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Harri Rissanen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Paul Knekt
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki 00130, Finland
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Heikki Järvinen
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo
- Department of Surgery, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Anna Lepistö
- Department of Surgery, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Jan Böhm
- Department of Pathology, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä 40620, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Meklin
- Department of Surgery, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Jyväskylä 40620, Finland
| | - Nada A Al-Tassan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claire Palles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Lynn Martin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Ella Barclay
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Susan M Farrington
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Maria N Timofeeva
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Brian F Meyer
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma M Wakil
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Christopher G Smith
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Shelley Idziaszczyk
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Timothy S Maughan
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Richard Kaplan
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Aviation House, London WC2B 6NH, UK
| | - Rachel Kerr
- Department of Oncology, Oxford Cancer Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - David Kerr
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Department of Pathology, Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Aung K Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Steve Gallinger
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - David Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Fred Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, SciLife Center, Karolinska Institutet, Solna SE 141 83, Sweden
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jeremy P Cheadle
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Malcolm G Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ian P Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
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21
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Orlando G, Law PJ, Palin K, Tuupanen S, Gylfe A, Hänninen UA, Cajuso T, Tanskanen T, Kondelin J, Kaasinen E, Sarin AP, Kaprio J, Eriksson JG, Rissanen H, Knekt P, Pukkala E, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Ripatti S, Palotie A, Järvinen H, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Lepistö A, Böhm J, Mecklin JP, Al-Tassan NA, Palles C, Martin L, Barclay E, Tenesa A, Farrington S, Timofeeva MN, Meyer BF, Wakil SM, Campbell H, Smith CG, Idziaszczyk S, Maughan TS, Kaplan R, Kerr R, Kerr D, Buchanan DD, Win AK, Hopper J, Jenkins M, Lindor NM, Newcomb PA, Gallinger S, Conti D, Schumacher F, Casey G, Taipale J, Cheadle JP, Dunlop MG, Tomlinson IP, Aaltonen LA, Houlston RS. Variation at 2q35 (PNKD and TMBIM1) influences colorectal cancer risk and identifies a pleiotropic effect with inflammatory bowel disease. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2349-2359. [PMID: 27005424 PMCID: PMC5081051 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify new risk loci for colorectal cancer (CRC), we conducted a meta-analysis of seven genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with independent replication, totalling 13 656 CRC cases and 21 667 controls of European ancestry. The combined analysis identified a new risk association for CRC at 2q35 marked by rs992157 (P = 3.15 × 10-8, odds ratio = 1.10, 95% confidence interval = 1.06-1.13), which is intronic to PNKD (paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia) and TMBIM1 (transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing 1). Intriguingly this susceptibility single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is in strong linkage disequilibrium (r2 = 0.90, D' = 0.96) with the previously discovered GWAS SNP rs2382817 for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Following on from this observation we examined for pleiotropy, or shared genetic susceptibility, between CRC and the 200 established IBD risk loci, identifying an additional 11 significant associations (false discovery rate [FDR]) < 0.05). Our findings provide further insight into the biological basis of inherited genetic susceptibility to CRC, and identify risk factors that may influence the development of both CRC and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Orlando
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Philip J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Kimmo Palin
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum
| | - Sari Tuupanen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum
| | - Alexandra Gylfe
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum
| | - Ulrika A Hänninen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum
| | - Tatiana Cajuso
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum
| | - Tomas Tanskanen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum
| | - Johanna Kondelin
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki 00250, Finland Unit of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Harri Rissanen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Paul Knekt
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki 00130, Finland School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Heikki Järvinen
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo
- Department of Surgery, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Anna Lepistö
- Department of Surgery, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Jan Böhm
- Department of Pathology, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä 40620, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Department of Surgery, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Jyväskylä 40620, Finland
| | - Nada A Al-Tassan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claire Palles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Lynn Martin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Ella Barclay
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Albert Tenesa
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Susan Farrington
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Maria N Timofeeva
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Brian F Meyer
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma M Wakil
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Christopher G Smith
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Shelley Idziaszczyk
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Timothy S Maughan
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Richard Kaplan
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Aviation House, London WC2B 6NH, UK
| | - Rachel Kerr
- Department of Oncology, Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital
| | - David Kerr
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Aung Ko Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - John Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Mark Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Steve Gallinger
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - David Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Fred Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, SciLife Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SE 141 83, Sweden
| | - Jeremy P Cheadle
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit
| | - Malcolm G Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ian P Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
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22
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Välimäki N, Demir H, Pitkänen E, Kaasinen E, Karppinen A, Kivipelto L, Schalin-Jäntti C, Aaltonen LA, Karhu A. Whole-Genome Sequencing of Growth Hormone (GH)-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:3918-27. [PMID: 26280510 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The somatic landscape of pituitary adenomas is largely unknown. Identification of somatic alterations aims at better understanding of tumor pathology. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was a genome-wide characterization of somatic single-nucleotide variants, structural variants, and copy-number aberrations in somatotropinomas. DESIGN AND SETTING Whole-genome sequencing and single-nucleotide polymorphism array analyses were performed on 12 fresh-frozen somatotropinomas and their corresponding blood samples. All the coding somatic variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. PATIENTS Studied tumors were somatotropinomas. Apart from one AIP mutation-positive patient, all cases were mutation negative for the established germline mutations associated with pituitary adenomas. INTERVENTION(S) There were no interventions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Somatic variants were identified with an established computational pipeline and filtered against germline data. Somatic copy number alteration analyses were performed using segmentation-based approaches. RESULTS A genome-wide analysis revealed on average 129 somatic single-nucleotide variants per tumor. Further analysis of coding regions showed on average 2.3 single-nucleotide variants per tumor. The only recurrent somatic events were the oncogenic GNAS mutation (p.Arg201Cys) and shared chromosome losses (chromosomes 1, 6, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 22). Analysis of somatic structural variants revealed one tumor with a complex chromosomal rearrangement. CONCLUSIONS Somatotropinomas showed a low number of somatic genetic alterations. Whereas no novel recurrently mutated genes could be identified, the somatic landscape has potential to affect the Ca(2+) and ATP pathways known to be involved in the pituitary tumorigenesis. Further studies, eg, methylome and transcriptome analyses, are needed to investigate possible interplay between the recurrent chromosome losses and epigenetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Välimäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics (N.V.,H.D., E.P., E.K., L.A.A., A.Karh.), Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit (N.V., H.D., E.P., E.K., L.A.A., A.Karh.), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Neurosurgery (A.Karp., L.K.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Endocrinology (C.S.-J.), Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hande Demir
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics (N.V.,H.D., E.P., E.K., L.A.A., A.Karh.), Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit (N.V., H.D., E.P., E.K., L.A.A., A.Karh.), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Neurosurgery (A.Karp., L.K.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Endocrinology (C.S.-J.), Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Pitkänen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics (N.V.,H.D., E.P., E.K., L.A.A., A.Karh.), Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit (N.V., H.D., E.P., E.K., L.A.A., A.Karh.), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Neurosurgery (A.Karp., L.K.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Endocrinology (C.S.-J.), Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics (N.V.,H.D., E.P., E.K., L.A.A., A.Karh.), Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit (N.V., H.D., E.P., E.K., L.A.A., A.Karh.), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Neurosurgery (A.Karp., L.K.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Endocrinology (C.S.-J.), Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Atte Karppinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics (N.V.,H.D., E.P., E.K., L.A.A., A.Karh.), Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit (N.V., H.D., E.P., E.K., L.A.A., A.Karh.), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Neurosurgery (A.Karp., L.K.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Endocrinology (C.S.-J.), Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Kivipelto
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics (N.V.,H.D., E.P., E.K., L.A.A., A.Karh.), Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit (N.V., H.D., E.P., E.K., L.A.A., A.Karh.), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Neurosurgery (A.Karp., L.K.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Endocrinology (C.S.-J.), Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Schalin-Jäntti
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics (N.V.,H.D., E.P., E.K., L.A.A., A.Karh.), Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit (N.V., H.D., E.P., E.K., L.A.A., A.Karh.), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Neurosurgery (A.Karp., L.K.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Endocrinology (C.S.-J.), Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics (N.V.,H.D., E.P., E.K., L.A.A., A.Karh.), Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit (N.V., H.D., E.P., E.K., L.A.A., A.Karh.), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Neurosurgery (A.Karp., L.K.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Endocrinology (C.S.-J.), Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Auli Karhu
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics (N.V.,H.D., E.P., E.K., L.A.A., A.Karh.), Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit (N.V., H.D., E.P., E.K., L.A.A., A.Karh.), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Neurosurgery (A.Karp., L.K.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Endocrinology (C.S.-J.), Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Mehine M, Kaasinen E, Pitkänen E, Sarvilinna N, Heinonen HR, Mäkinen N, Sjöberg J, Aaltonen LA. Abstract 1079: Transcriptional profiling reveals uterine leiomyoma subtypes with distinct pathways and biomarkers of tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas, also known as fibroids, are benign smooth muscle tumors with an estimated prevalence of 77% among women of reproductive age. Although benign, they frequently cause a variety of health complications and are the leading cause of hysterectomy worldwide. Recent studies utilizing high-throughput sequencing have revealed recurrent and mutually exclusive mutations in a variety of genes, suggesting that distinct molecular pathways are involved in the initiation of leiomyoma tumorigenesis. The consequences of these mutations are poorly understood and expression signatures associated with these driver mutations may provide further insights. The aim of this study was to explore transcriptional differences between genetic subgroups of leiomyomas utilizing Affymetrix exon arrays and RNA-sequencing. We performed transcriptional profiling of ∼100 leiomyomas harboring different genetic drivers; these included leiomyomas harboring MED12 mutations, HMGA2/HMGA1 rearrangements, biallelic inactivation of FH and COL4A5-COL4A6 deletions. We identified a long non-coding transcript of RAD51B to be specifically upregulated in MED12 mutant leiomyomas. Genes involved in key metabolic pathways, including pentose phosphate pathway and glutathione biosynthesis, were specifically upregulated in FH-deficient leiomyomas. AKR1B10 was the most significantly upregulated gene in leiomyomas of the FH type. This gene was not expressed in other leiomyomas and may serve as a robust biomarker for FH-deficient leiomyomas. Overexpression of the proto-oncogene PLAG1 was specifically seen in leiomyomas harboring HMGA2 or HMGA1 aberrations, suggesting that these tumors exert their tumorigenic effect through dysregulation of PLAG1. This was supported by identification of one uterine leiomyoma harboring a translocation of PLAG1 resulting in a similar overexpression. While this study highlights the importance of stratifying each leiomyoma into a specific subgroup, it also shows that several genes are commonly dysregulated among all leiomyomas. Targeting these genes would be ideal in developing treatments for this disease.
Citation Format: Miika Mehine, Eevi Kaasinen, Esa Pitkänen, Nanna Sarvilinna, Hanna-Riikka Heinonen, Netta Mäkinen, Jari Sjöberg, Lauri A. Aaltonen. Transcriptional profiling reveals uterine leiomyoma subtypes with distinct pathways and biomarkers of tumorigenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1079. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1079
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jari Sjöberg
- 2Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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24
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Aavikko M, Kaasinen E, Donner I, Lehti K, Gucciardo E, Shrestha B, Mecklin JP, Johannes J, Landerholm K, Pukkala E, Schalin-Jäntti C, Ristimäki A, Vahteristo P, Aaltonen LA. Abstract 2744: Familial multiple metastatic small intestine neuroendocrine tumors: searching for genetic susceptibility. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-2744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) originating from the enterochromaffin cells of the intestinal mucosa are among the most common tumors in the small intestine. In the past few decades the incidence of SI-NETs has increased more than four-fold in the Western countries. Although SI-NETs are usually well differentiated and indolent with low mitotic activity, multiple discontinuous tumors are present in up to 1/3 of the patients and metastases are found in the majority of the patients at diagnosis.
Previous studies have described significantly elevated risk for gastrointestinal NETs in family members of affected individuals. Our recent nationwide registry-based analyses also showed high familial enrichment for SI-NETs. MEN1 syndrome (MIM#131100) patients are often affected by foregut NETs, but no genetic predisposition factor is known for SI-NETs.
We have studied a Finnish family of five affected individuals with multiple SI-NETs. The affected individuals had also been diagnosed with numerous adenomas of the colon. The family exhibits autosomal dominant inheritance of SI-NETs with affected individuals in two generations. To identify the possible genetic predisposing factor, we performed genome-wide SNP genotyping and linkage analysis followed by exome and genome sequencing. In addition, we have studied the somatic alterations of the tumors by genome-wide copy number analysis and exome sequencing.
We have identified candidate chromosomal regions and genetic variants in this family. Currently we are functionally validating the pathogenicity of the variants and screening the variants in additional familial and sporadic cases with SI-NETs, including a Swedish family of three affected individuals in three generations and Finnish familial and sporadic cases identified through Finnish Cancer Registry. Increased understanding of tumor susceptibility is of great importance in creating tools for better diagnosis and management of the patients. Characterization of novel tumor susceptibility conditions and identification of the associated gene defects also enable studies on gene's biological function and role in other relevant phenotypes or associated tumor types.
Citation Format: Mervi Aavikko, Eevi Kaasinen, Iikki Donner, Kaisa Lehti, Erika Gucciardo, Bideep Shrestha, Jukka-Pekka Mecklin, Järnhult Johannes, Kalle Landerholm, Eero Pukkala, Camilla Schalin-Jäntti, Ari Ristimäki, Pia Vahteristo, Lauri A. Aaltonen. Familial multiple metastatic small intestine neuroendocrine tumors: searching for genetic susceptibility. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2744. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2744
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervi Aavikko
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iikki Donner
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- 2Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erika Gucciardo
- 2Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bideep Shrestha
- 2Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- 3Department of Surgery, Jyväskylä Central Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Kalle Landerholm
- 4Department of Surgery, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Eero Pukkala
- 5Cancer Registry, Helsinki, and School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Camilla Schalin-Jäntti
- 6Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Ristimäki
- 7Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartman Institute and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Vahteristo
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A. Aaltonen
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Katainen R, Dave K, Pitkänen E, Palin K, Kivioja T, Välimäki N, Gylfe AE, Ristolainen H, Hänninen UA, Cajuso T, Kondelin J, Tanskanen T, Mecklin JP, Järvinen H, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Lepistö A, Kaasinen E, Kilpivaara O, Tuupanen S, Enge M, Taipale J, Aaltonen LA. CTCF/cohesin-binding sites are frequently mutated in cancer. Nat Genet 2015; 47:818-21. [PMID: 26053496 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cohesin is present in almost all active enhancer regions, where it is associated with transcription factors. Cohesin frequently colocalizes with CTCF (CCCTC-binding factor), affecting genomic stability, expression and epigenetic homeostasis. Cohesin subunits are mutated in cancer, but CTCF/cohesin-binding sites (CBSs) in DNA have not been examined for mutations. Here we report frequent mutations at CBSs in cancers displaying a mutational signature where mutations in A•T base pairs predominate. Integration of whole-genome sequencing data from 213 colorectal cancer (CRC) samples and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-exo) data identified frequent point mutations at CBSs. In contrast, CRCs showing an ultramutator phenotype caused by defects in the exonuclease domain of DNA polymerase ɛ (POLE) displayed significantly fewer mutations at and adjacent to CBSs. Analysis of public data showed that multiple cancer types accumulate CBS mutations. CBSs are a major mutational hotspot in the noncoding cancer genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Katainen
- 1] Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [2] Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kashyap Dave
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Esa Pitkänen
- 1] Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [2] Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Palin
- 1] Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [2] Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Kivioja
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niko Välimäki
- 1] Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [2] Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexandra E Gylfe
- 1] Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [2] Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Ristolainen
- 1] Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [2] Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulrika A Hänninen
- 1] Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [2] Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatiana Cajuso
- 1] Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [2] Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Kondelin
- 1] Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [2] Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Tanskanen
- 1] Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [2] Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Department of Surgery, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heikki Järvinen
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo
- 1] Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [2] Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Lepistö
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- 1] Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [2] Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Kilpivaara
- 1] Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [2] Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Tuupanen
- 1] Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [2] Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Enge
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jussi Taipale
- 1] Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [2] Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- 1] Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [2] Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Pitkänen E, Cajuso T, Katainen R, Kaasinen E, Välimäki N, Palin K, Taipale J, Aaltonen LA, Kilpivaara O. Frequent L1 retrotranspositions originating from TTC28 in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:853-9. [PMID: 24553397 PMCID: PMC3996660 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
L1 element retrotranspositions have been found to alter expression of genes neighboring the insertion sites, potentially involving them in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. In colorectal cancer (CRC), L1 insertions have been found to target genes with a role in tumorigenesis. Structural changes such as L1 insertions are identifiable by whole genome sequencing (WGS). In this study, we observed frequent somatic L1 retrotranspositions originating from TTC28 using deep coverage WGS data from 92 CRC tumor-normal sample pairs. In two cases the event had targeted NOVA1 gene (p=0.025). In addition, a germline retrotransposition event from TTC28 to GABRA4 was found to be a common polymorphism in the Finnish population. Thus while some events may be tumorigenic, others are likely to be neutral. Our data contradict a recent study where a similar signal in TTC28 was interpreted as a common inactivating translocation. While much work remains to be performed to understand the biological significance of retrotranspositions in cancer, accurate identification of these events is a prerequisite for success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esa Pitkänen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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27
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Eronen M, Kaasinen E. [Isomerism]. Duodecim 2015; 131:1065-1070. [PMID: 26245068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In persons afflicted with left or right atrial isomerism the intrathoracic and intra-abdominal organs are symmetrical. In left atrial isomerism the intrathoracic organs located on the right are similar to those on the left: lungs, for example, have two lobes and long bronchi. In right atrial isomerism there are three lobes of the lung and short bronchi also on the left side of the chest. Both malformation syndromes are associated with a complex structural anomaly of the heart. The prognosis continues to be poor. We describe an inherited gene defect found in five children in a Finnish family and causing right atrial isomerism.
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Aavikko M, Kaasinen E, Nieminen JK, Byun M, Donner I, Mancuso R, Ferrante P, Clerici M, Brambilla L, Tourlaki A, Sarid R, Guttman-Yassky E, Taipale M, Morgunova E, Pekkonen P, Ojala PM, Pukkala E, Casanova JL, Vaarala O, Vahteristo P, Aaltonen LA. Whole-Genome Sequencing Identifies STAT4 as a Putative Susceptibility Gene in Classic Kaposi Sarcoma. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:1842-51. [PMID: 25492914 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classic Kaposi sarcoma (cKS) is an inflammatory tumor caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) commonly observed in elderly men of Mediterranean origin. We studied a Finnish family of 5 affected individuals in 2 generations. Except for atypical mycobacterial infection of the index case, the affected individuals did not have notable histories of infection. METHODS We performed genome and exome sequencing and mapped shared chromosomal regions to identify genetic predisposition in the family. RESULTS We identified 12 protein-coding candidate variants that segregated in the 3 affected cousins from whom we had samples. The affected mother of the index case was an obligatory carrier. Among the 12 candidates was a rare heterozygous substitution rs141331848 (c.1337C>T, p.Thr446Ile) in the DNA-binding domain of STAT4. The variant was not present in 242 Finnish control genomes or 180 additional regional controls. Activated T-helper cells from the HHV-8-negative variant carriers showed reduced interferon γ production, compared with age and sex matched wild-type individuals. We screened STAT4 in additional 18 familial KS cases and the variant site from 56 sporadic KS cases but detected no pathogenic mutations. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that STAT4 is a potential cKS-predisposition gene, but further functional and genetic validation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervi Aavikko
- Department of Medical Genetics Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Department of Medical Genetics Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit
| | - Janne K Nieminen
- Immune Response Unit, Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare
| | - Minji Byun
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Iikki Donner
- Department of Medical Genetics Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit
| | | | | | - Mario Clerici
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, ONLUS Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan
| | - Lucia Brambilla
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Athanasia Tourlaki
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Ronit Sarid
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai Medical Center at Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Minna Taipale
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit Science for Life Center Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ekaterina Morgunova
- Science for Life Center Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pirita Pekkonen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki
| | - Päivi M Ojala
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki Finnish Cancer Institute
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University Howard Hughes Medical Institute Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Hospital School for Sick Children Imagine Institute, University Paris Descartes, France
| | - Outi Vaarala
- Immune Response Unit, Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare
| | - Pia Vahteristo
- Department of Medical Genetics Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical Genetics Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit
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Kondelin J, Pitkänen E, Gylfe AE, Palin K, Ristolainen H, Katainen R, Kaasinen E, Taipale M, Taipale J, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Järvinen H, Böhm J, Mecklin JP, Vahteristo P, Tuupanen S, Aaltonen LA. Abstract 2401: Identification of new target genes in microsatellite unstable colorectal cancer by exome sequencing. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in Western countries. Approximately 15% of CRCs display microsatellite instability (MSI) caused by defective cellular mismatch repair. Most of the MSI CRCs are sporadic and result from biallelic inactivation of the MLH1 gene, which is most often due to hypermethylation of its promoter. Cells displaying MSI accumulate a high number of mutations throughout the genome, especially in short repeat areas called microsatellites. These mutations typically lead to a premature stop codon resulting in a truncated protein product that may inactivate the gene, a mechanism known typical of tumor suppressor genes. The aim of this study is to identify new target genes in MSI CRC.
To date, several genes have been proposed as MSI target genes based on high mutation frequency in targeted searches of microsatellites. The availability of new sequencing and bioinformatic technologies has enabled genome-wide investigation of mutations in human cancers. This has led to identification of a vast amount of mutations in cancer, most of which are passenger mutations that do not confer selective growth advantage. The challenge is therefore to distinguish true driver genes from passengers. The high number of mutations in MSI tumors augments this challenge.
In this study, 25 sporadic MSI CRCs and their corresponding normal samples have been exome sequenced to identify changes of somatic origin. An analysis and visualization program developed in our group, “RikuRator” (unpublished), will be utilized along with a script to estimate the accurate somatic mutation frequency of each coding mononucleotide repeat. A statistical model based on exome sequencing data will be developed that takes into account the background mutation frequency of microsatellites depending on the repeat length and nucleotide context. The most mutated repeats will be validated by Sanger sequencing in a set of additional MSI CRCs. Functional studies will be carried out to further investigate the pathogenic effect of the new target genes identified.
The systematic screening of mutations in microsatellites will improve our understanding on the mutation profile typical of these tumors. With our approach that takes into account the background mutation frequency of microsatellites we aim to identify true driver genes in MSI CRC. A detailed understanding of the molecular background of this tumor type is important for the development of more efficient screening methods and personalized treatments to improve the prognosis of patients diagnosed with MSI type CRC.
Citation Format: Johanna Kondelin, Esa Pitkänen, Alexandra E. Gylfe, Kimmo Palin, Heikki Ristolainen, Riku Katainen, Eevi Kaasinen, Minna Taipale, Jussi Taipale, Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo, Heikki Järvinen, Jan Böhm, Jukka-Pekka Mecklin, Pia Vahteristo, Sari Tuupanen, Lauri A. Aaltonen. Identification of new target genes in microsatellite unstable colorectal cancer by exome sequencing. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2401. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2401
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kondelin
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Pitkänen
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexandra E. Gylfe
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Palin
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Ristolainen
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Katainen
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Taipale
- 2Science for Life Center, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jussi Taipale
- 2Science for Life Center, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo
- 3Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Järvinen
- 3Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Böhm
- 4Department of Pathology, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- 5Department of Surgery, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pia Vahteristo
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Tuupanen
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A. Aaltonen
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Kaasinen E, Rahikkala E, Koivunen P, Miettinen S, Wamelink MMC, Aavikko M, Palin K, Myllyharju J, Moilanen JS, Pajunen L, Karhu A, Aaltonen LA. Clinical characterization, genetic mapping and whole-genome sequence analysis of a novel autosomal recessive intellectual disability syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2014; 57:543-51. [PMID: 25078763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We identified six patients presenting with a strikingly similar clinical phenotype of profound syndromic intellectual disability of unknown etiology. All patients lived in the same village. Extensive genealogical work revealed that the healthy parents of the patients were all distantly related to a common ancestor from the 17th century, suggesting autosomal recessive inheritance. In addition to intellectual disability, the clinical features included hypotonia, strabismus, difficulty to fix the eyes to an object, planovalgus in the feet, mild contractures in elbow joints, interphalangeal joint hypermobility and coarse facial features that develop gradually during childhood. The clinical phenotype did not fit any known syndrome. Genome-wide SNP genotyping of the patients and genetic mapping revealed the longest shared homozygosity at 3p22.1-3p21.1 encompassing 11.5 Mb, with no other credible candidate loci emerging. Single point parametric linkage analysis showed logarithm of the odds score of 11 for the homozygous region, thus identifying a novel intellectual disability predisposition locus. Whole-genome sequencing of one affected individual pinpointed three genes with potentially protein damaging homozygous sequence changes within the predisposition locus: transketolase (TKT), prolyl 4-hydroxylase transmembrane (P4HTM), and ubiquitin specific peptidase 4 (USP4). The changes were found in heterozygous form with 0.3-0.7% allele frequencies in 402 whole-genome sequenced controls from the north-east of Finland. No homozygotes were found in this nor additional control data sets. Our study facilitates clinical and molecular diagnosis of patients with this novel autosomal recessive intellectual disability syndrome. However, further studies are needed to unambiguously identify the underlying genetic defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eevi Kaasinen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Haartman Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa Rahikkala
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Peppi Koivunen
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Sirpa Miettinen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mirjam M C Wamelink
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mervi Aavikko
- Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Haartman Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Palin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Haartman Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Myllyharju
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Jukka S Moilanen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leila Pajunen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Auli Karhu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Haartman Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Haartman Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
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Cajuso T, Hänninen UA, Kondelin J, Gylfe AE, Tanskanen T, Katainen R, Pitkänen E, Ristolainen H, Kaasinen E, Taipale M, Taipale J, Böhm J, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Mecklin JP, Järvinen H, Tuupanen S, Kilpivaara O, Vahteristo P. Exome sequencing reveals frequent inactivating mutations in ARID1A, ARID1B, ARID2 and ARID4A in microsatellite unstable colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:611-23. [PMID: 24382590 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ARID1A has been identified as a novel tumor suppressor gene in ovarian cancer and subsequently in various other tumor types. ARID1A belongs to the ARID domain containing gene family, which comprises of 15 genes involved, for example, in transcriptional regulation, proliferation and chromatin remodeling. In this study, we used exome sequencing data to analyze the mutation frequency of all the ARID domain containing genes in 25 microsatellite unstable (MSI) colorectal cancers (CRCs) as a first systematic effort to characterize the mutation pattern of the whole ARID gene family. Genes which fulfilled the selection criteria in this discovery set (mutations in at least 4/25 [16%] samples, including at least one nonsense or splice site mutation) were chosen for further analysis in an independent validation set of 21 MSI CRCs. We found that in addition to ARID1A, which was mutated in 39% of the tumors (18/46), also ARID1B (13%, 6/46), ARID2 (13%, 6/46) and ARID4A (20%, 9/46) were frequently mutated. In all these genes, the mutations were distributed along the entire length of the gene, thus distinguishing them from typical MSI target genes previously described. Our results indicate that in addition to ARID1A, other members of the ARID gene family may play a role in MSI CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Cajuso
- Department of Medical Genetics Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Gylfe AE, Kondelin J, Turunen M, Ristolainen H, Katainen R, Pitkänen E, Kaasinen E, Rantanen V, Tanskanen T, Varjosalo M, Lehtonen H, Palin K, Taipale M, Taipale J, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Järvinen H, Böhm J, Mecklin JP, Ristimäki A, Kilpivaara O, Tuupanen S, Karhu A, Vahteristo P, Aaltonen LA. Identification of candidate oncogenes in human colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability. Gastroenterology 2013; 145:540-3.e22. [PMID: 23684749 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microsatellite instability can be found in approximately 15% of all colorectal cancers. To detect new oncogenes we sequenced the exomes of 25 colorectal tumors and respective healthy colon tissue. Potential mutation hot spots were confirmed in 15 genes; ADAR, DCAF12L2, GLT1D1, ITGA7, MAP1B, MRGPRX4, PSRC1, RANBP2, RPS6KL1, SNCAIP, TCEAL6, TUBB6, WBP5, VEGFB, and ZBTB2; these were validated in 86 tumors with microsatellite instability. ZBTB2, RANBP2, and PSRC1 also were found to contain hot spot mutations in the validation set. The form of ZBTB2 associated with colorectal cancer increased cell proliferation. The mutation hot spots might be used to develop personalized tumor profiling and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Gylfe
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Mehine M, Kaasinen E, Mäkinen N, Katainen R, Kämpjärvi K, Pitkänen E, Heinonen HR, Bützow R, Kilpivaara O, Kuosmanen A, Ristolainen H, Gentile M, Sjöberg J, Vahteristo P, Aaltonen LA. Characterization of uterine leiomyomas by whole-genome sequencing. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:43-53. [PMID: 23738515 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1302736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine leiomyomas are benign but affect the health of millions of women. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved may provide clues to the prevention and treatment of these lesions. METHODS We performed whole-genome sequencing and gene-expression profiling of 38 uterine leiomyomas and the corresponding myometrium from 30 women. RESULTS Identical variants observed in some separate tumor nodules suggested that these nodules have a common origin. Complex chromosomal rearrangements resembling chromothripsis were a common feature of leiomyomas. These rearrangements are best explained by a single event of multiple chromosomal breaks and random reassembly. The rearrangements created tissue-specific changes consistent with a role in the initiation of leiomyoma, such as translocations of the HMGA2 and RAD51B loci and aberrations at the COL4A5-COL4A6 locus, and occurred in the presence of normal TP53 alleles. In some cases, separate events had occurred more than once in single tumor-cell lineages. CONCLUSIONS Chromosome shattering and reassembly resembling chromothripsis (a single genomic event that results in focal losses and rearrangements in multiple genomic regions) is a major cause of chromosomal abnormalities in uterine leiomyomas; we propose that tumorigenesis occurs when tissue-specific tumor-promoting changes are formed through these events. Chromothripsis has previously been associated with aggressive cancer; its common occurrence in leiomyomas suggests that it also has a role in the genesis and progression of benign tumors. We observed that multiple separate tumors could be seeded from a single lineage of uterine leiomyoma cells. (Funded by the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence program and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miika Mehine
- Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Gylfe AE, Kondelin J, Turunen M, Ristolainen H, Katainen R, Pitkänen E, Kaasinen E, Rantanen V, Tanskanen T, Lehtonen HJ, Palin K, Taipale M, Taipale J, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Järvinen H, Böhm J, Mecklin JP, Ristimäki A, Tuupanen S, Karhu A, Kilpivaara O, Vahteristo P, Aaltonen LA. Abstract 3156: New candidate oncogenes discovered in microsatellite unstable colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-3156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Around 15% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) show microsatellite instability (MSI). A characteristic high passenger mutation load has discouraged systematic mutation screens in MSI CRCs. To systematically search for novel MSI CRC oncogenes, the exomes of 25 MSI CRC-normal pairs were sequenced as the discovery set. Observed hot spots were confirmed by Sanger sequencing and further validated in a set of 86 MSI CRCs. Mutational hot spots were confirmed in 15 genes and three genes showed additional hot spot mutations in the validation set. These three sites were highly conserved across species. The hot spot sites of these three genes were screened in 75 microsatellite stable CRCs and 12 MSI CRC cell lines with negative results. Next, we analyzed the subcellular localization of wild-type and mutant proteins. The findings of this study support the idea that cancer genomes are heterogeneous and characterized by few, frequently mutated “mountains” (e.g. BRAF and KRAS) and numerous, less frequently mutated “hills”. The identified mutational hot spots may prove important in developing personalized tumor profiling and therapy.
Citation Format: Alexandra E. Gylfe, Johanna Kondelin, Mikko Turunen, Heikki Ristolainen, Riku Katainen, Esa Pitkänen, Eevi Kaasinen, Ville Rantanen, Tomas Tanskanen, Heli J. Lehtonen, Kimmo Palin, Minna Taipale, Jussi Taipale, Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo, Heikki Järvinen, Jan Böhm, Jukka-Pekka Mecklin, Ari Ristimäki, Sari Tuupanen, Auli Karhu, Outi Kilpivaara, Pia Vahteristo, Lauri A. Aaltonen. New candidate oncogenes discovered in microsatellite unstable colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3156. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3156
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E. Gylfe
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsin, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Kondelin
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsin, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Turunen
- 2Genome-Scale Biology Program, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Ristolainen
- 3Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Katainen
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsin, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Pitkänen
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsin, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsin, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Rantanen
- 2Genome-Scale Biology Program, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Tanskanen
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsin, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli J. Lehtonen
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsin, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Palin
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsin, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Taipale
- 4Science for Life Center, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jussi Taipale
- 5Science for Life Center, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo
- 6Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Järvinen
- 6Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Böhm
- 7Department of Pathology, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Ari Ristimäki
- 9Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Tuupanen
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsin, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Auli Karhu
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsin, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Kilpivaara
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsin, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Vahteristo
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsin, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A. Aaltonen
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsin, Helsinki, Finland
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Kaasinen E, Aavikko M, Vahteristo P, Patama T, Li Y, Saarinen S, Kilpivaara O, Pitkänen E, Knekt P, Laaksonen M, Artama M, Lehtonen R, Aaltonen LA, Pukkala E. Nationwide registry-based analysis of cancer clustering detects strong familial occurrence of Kaposi sarcoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55209. [PMID: 23365693 PMCID: PMC3554690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancer predisposition syndromes are rare or have incomplete penetrance, and traditional epidemiological tools are not well suited for their detection. Here we have used an approach that employs the entire population based data in the Finnish Cancer Registry (FCR) for analyzing familial aggregation of all types of cancer, in order to find evidence for previously unrecognized cancer susceptibility conditions. We performed a systematic clustering of 878,593 patients in FCR based on family name at birth, municipality of birth, and tumor type, diagnosed between years 1952 and 2011. We also estimated the familial occurrence of the tumor types using cluster score that reflects the proportion of patients belonging to the most significant clusters compared to all patients in Finland. The clustering effort identified 25,910 birth name-municipality based clusters representing 183 different tumor types characterized by topography and morphology. We produced information about familial occurrence of hundreds of tumor types, and many of the tumor types with high cluster score represented known cancer syndromes. Unexpectedly, Kaposi sarcoma (KS) also produced a very high score (cluster score 1.91, p-value <0.0001). We verified from population records that many of the KS patients forming the clusters were indeed close relatives, and identified one family with five affected individuals in two generations and several families with two first degree relatives. Our approach is unique in enabling systematic examination of a national epidemiological database to derive evidence of aberrant familial aggregation of all tumor types, both common and rare. It allowed effortless identification of families displaying features of both known as well as potentially novel cancer predisposition conditions, including striking familial aggregation of KS. Further work with high-throughput methods should elucidate the molecular basis of the potentially novel predisposition conditions found in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eevi Kaasinen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, and Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Aavikko
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, and Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Vahteristo
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, and Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Toni Patama
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yilong Li
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, and Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Silva Saarinen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, and Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Kilpivaara
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, and Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Pitkänen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, and Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul Knekt
- National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Miia Artama
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rainer Lehtonen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, and Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A. Aaltonen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, and Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Aavikko M, Li SP, Saarinen S, Alhopuro P, Kaasinen E, Morgunova E, Li Y, Vesanen K, Smith M, Evans D, Pöyhönen M, Kiuru A, Auvinen A, Aaltonen L, Taipale J, Vahteristo P. Loss of SUFU function in familial multiple meningioma. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 91:520-6. [PMID: 22958902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common primary tumors of the CNS and account for up to 30% of all CNS tumors. An increased risk of meningiomas has been associated with certain tumor-susceptibility syndromes, especially neurofibromatosis type II, but no gene defects predisposing to isolated familial meningiomas have thus far been identified. Here, we report on a family of five meningioma-affected siblings, four of whom have multiple tumors. No NF2 mutations were identified in the germline or tumors. We combined genome-wide linkage analysis and exome sequencing, and we identified in suppressor of fused homolog (Drosophila), SUFU, a c.367C>T (p.Arg123Cys) mutation segregating with the meningiomas in the family. The variation was not present in healthy controls, and all seven meningiomas analyzed displayed loss of the wild-type allele according to the classic two-hit model for tumor-suppressor genes. In silico modeling predicted the variant to affect the tertiary structure of the protein, and functional analyses showed that the activity of the altered SUFU was significantly reduced and therefore led to dysregulated hedgehog (Hh) signaling. SUFU is a known tumor-suppressor gene previously associated with childhood medulloblastoma predisposition. Our genetic and functional analyses indicate that germline mutations in SUFU also predispose to meningiomas, particularly to multiple meningiomas. It is possible that other genic mutations resulting in aberrant activation of the Hh pathway might underlie meningioma predisposition in families with an unknown etiology.
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Babjuk M, Oosterlinck W, Sylvester R, Kaasinen E, Böhle A, Palou-Redorta J, Rouprêt M. [EAU guidelines on non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, the 2011 update]. Actas Urol Esp 2012; 36:389-402. [PMID: 22386115 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE To present the 2011 European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Literature published between 2004 and 2010 on the diagnosis and treatment of NMIBC was systematically reviewed. Previous guidelines were updated, and the level of evidence and grade of recommendation were assigned. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Tumours staged as Ta, T1, or carcinoma in situ (CIS) are grouped as NMIBC. Diagnosis depends on cystoscopy and histologic evaluation of the tissue obtained by transurethral resection (TUR) in papillary tumours or by multiple bladder biopsies in CIS. In papillary lesions, a complete TUR is essential for the patient's prognosis. Where the initial resection is incomplete or where a high-grade or T1 tumour is detected, a second TUR should be performed within 2-6 wk. In papillary tumours, the risks of both recurrence and progression may be estimated for individual patients using the scoring system and risk tables. The stratification of patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups (separately for recurrence and progression) is pivotal to recommending adjuvant treatment. For patients with a low risk of tumour recurrence and progression, one immediate instillation of chemotherapy is recommended. Patients with an intermediate or high risk of recurrence and an intermediate risk of progression should receive one immediate instillation of chemotherapy followed by a minimum of 1 yr of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) intravesical immunotherapy or further instillations of chemotherapy. Papillary tumours with a high risk of progression and CIS should receive intravesical BCG for 1 yr. Cystectomy may be offered to the highest risk patients, and it is at least recommended in BCG failure patients. CONCLUSIONS These abridged EAU guidelines present updated information on the diagnosis and treatment of NMIBC for incorporation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Babjuk
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Motol, Segunda Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Carolina, Praga, República Checa.
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Rouprêt M, Zigeuner R, Palou J, Boehle A, Kaasinen E, Sylvester R, Babjuk M, Oosterlinck W. European guidelines for the diagnosis and management of upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinomas: 2011 update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Rouprêt M, Zigeuner R, Palou J, Boehle A, Kaasinen E, Sylvester R, Babjuk M, Oosterlinck W. [European guidelines for the diagnosis and management of upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinomas: 2011 update. European Association of Urology Guideline Group for urothelial cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract]. Actas Urol Esp 2012; 36:2-14. [PMID: 22036956 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The European Association of Urology (EAU) Guideline Group for urothelial cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UUT-UCC) has prepared new guidelines to aid clinicians in assessing the current evidence-based management of UUT-UCC and to incorporate present recommendations into daily clinical practice. OBJECTIVE This paper provides a brief overview of the EAU guidelines on UUT-UCC as an aid to clinicians in their daily practice. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The recommendations provided in the current guidelines are based on a thorough review of available UUT-UCC guidelines and papers identified using a systematic search of Medline. Data on urothelial malignancies and UUT-UCCs in the literature were searched using Medline with the following keywords: urinary tract cancer, urothelial carcinomas, upper urinary tract, carcinoma, transitional cell, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder cancer, chemotherapy, nephroureterectomy, adjuvant treatment, neoadjuvant treatment, recurrence, risk factors, and survival. A panel of experts weighted the references. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS There is a lack of data in the current literature to provide strong recommendations due to the rarity of the disease. A number of recent multicentre studies are now available, whereas earlier publications were based only on limited populations. However, most of these studies have been retrospective analyses. The TNM classification 2009 is recommended. Recommendations are given for diagnosis as well as for radical and conservative treatment; prognostic factors are also discussed. Recommendations are provided for patient follow-up after different therapeutic options. CONCLUSIONS These guidelines contain information for the diagnosis and treatment of individual patients according to a current standardised approach. When determining the optimal treatment regimen, physicians must take into account each individual patient's specific clinical characteristics with regard to renal function including medical comorbidities; tumour location, grade and stage; and molecular marker status.
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Makinen N, Mehine M, Tolvanen J, Kaasinen E, Li Y, Lehtonen HJ, Gentile M, Yan J, Enge M, Taipale M, Aavikko M, Katainen R, Virolainen E, Bohling T, Koski TA, Launonen V, Sjoberg J, Taipale J, Vahteristo P, Aaltonen LA. MED12, the Mediator Complex Subunit 12 Gene, Is Mutated at High Frequency in Uterine Leiomyomas. Science 2011; 334:252-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1208930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Niittymäki I, Kaasinen E, Tuupanen S, Karhu A, Järvinen H, Mecklin JP, Tomlinson IPM, Di Bernardo MC, Houlston RS, Aaltonen LA. Low-penetrance susceptibility variants in familial colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:1478-83. [PMID: 20501757 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomewide association studies have identified 10 low-penetrance loci that confer modestly increased risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). Although they underlie a significant proportion of CRC in the general population, their impact on the familial risk for CRC has yet to be formally enumerated. The aim of this study was to examine the combined contribution of the 10 variants, rs6983267, rs4779584, rs4939827, rs16892766, rs10795668, rs3802842, rs4444235, rs9929218, rs10411210, and rs961253, on familial CRC. METHODS The population-based series of CRC samples included in this study consisted of 97 familial cases and 691 sporadic cases. Genotypes in the 10 loci and clinical data, including family history of cancer verified from the Finnish Cancer Registry, were available. The overall number of risk alleles (0-20) was determined, and its association with familial CRC was analyzed. Excess familial risk was estimated using cancer incidence data from the first-degree relatives of the cases. RESULTS A linear association between the number of risk alleles and familial CRC was observed (P = 0.006). With each risk-allele addition, the odds of having an affected first-degree relative increased by 1.16 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.30). The 10 low-penetrance loci collectively explain approximately 9% of the variance in familial risk for CRC. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence to support the previous indirect estimations that these low-penetrance variants account for a relatively small proportion of the familial aggregation of CRC. IMPACT Our results emphasize the need to characterize the remaining molecular basis of familial CRC, which should eventually yield in individualized targeting of preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iina Niittymäki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Kaasinen E, Aittomaki K, Eronen M, Vahteristo P, Karhu A, Mecklin JP, Kajantie E, Aaltonen LA, Lehtonen R. Recessively inherited right atrial isomerism caused by mutations in growth/differentiation factor 1 (GDF1). Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:2747-53. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Tuppurainen K, Li Y, Kaasinen E, Tuomisto A, Aaltonen LA, Karhu A, Makinen MJ. Abstract LB-121: Serrated colorectal adenocarcinoma: Specific copy number alterations. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-lb-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The serrated pathway in the colorectal cancer (CRC) development shows characteristic morphological and genetic differences as compared with the traditional Vogelstein's adenoma-carcinoma sequence. According to current estimations, about 15-20% of colorectal cancers originate from serrated polyps. Activating mutations of BRAF and KRAS genes and microsatellite instability are common features in serrated polyps and cancers. To identify the driver genes behind the serrated colorectal pathway we analyzed gene copy number variations (CNVs) in 19 serrated colorectal carcinomas.
DNA was extracted from fresh-frozen tissues according to standard procedures. By using the Illumina HumanCNV-370 platform we analyzed the samples for somatic copy number alterations. Raw-data were normalized using the built-in Illumina BeadStudio normalization method. To segment the LRRs (tumor vs. normal logarithmic intensity ratios) we used CBS (circular binary segmentation) and BAFsegmentation (B allele frequency) and the driver genomic alterations were searched using GISTIC algorithm. To determine genetic changes specific for serrated adenocarcinomas, the recurrent genomic variations detected were compared with those previously reported in colorectal carcinomas.
The recurrent genomic alterations in serrated carcinomas overlap substantially with the previously reported alterations seen in colorectal carcinomas; losses in 1p, 4p, 4q, 5q, 8p, 17p, 18p and 18q, and the gains in 7p, 7q, 8q, 13q and 20q. However, regions that are frequently altered specifically in serrated carcinomas were also found. For example, the gains of 1q, 5p, 6p and 6q are not commonly found in primary tumors in colorectal cancer, but only in liver metastases. The frequent losses specific for serrated carcinoma occur in 3p, 6q, 9p, 11q, 16p, 22q, Xp and Xq. The highest deletion peaks observed in the current sample set are those located at 9p21.3.
In summary, our whole-genome screening of serrated colorectal adenocarcinomas with SNP arrays revealed several copy number alterations previously reported in colorectal cancers. Moreover, we detected several novel copy number alterations, which were specific for the serrated adenocarcinoma. The upcoming sequence analysis of genes within regions of copy number alterations may allow detection of mutations of genes linked to serrated adenocarcinoma pathogenesis.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-121.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoliina Tuppurainen
- 1University of Oulu, Institute of Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Oulu, Finland
| | - Yilong Li
- 2University of Helsinki, Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- 2University of Helsinki, Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Tuomisto
- 1University of Oulu, Institute of Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lauri A. Aaltonen
- 2University of Helsinki, Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Auli Karhu
- 2University of Helsinki, Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus J. Makinen
- 1University of Oulu, Institute of Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Oulu, Finland
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Niittymäki I, Kaasinen E, Karhu A, Järvinen H, Mecklin JP, Tomlinson IPM, Houlston RS, Aaltonen LA. Abstract 3864: Low-penetrance variants underlying familial colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-3864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Family history is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), since individuals with an affected first-degree relative have more than twice as high risk of developing this malignancy than the general population. Hereditary factors are estimated to underlie approximately 35% of CRC, but germline mutations in high-penetrance genes, including MLH1, MSH2, APC, and MYH account for only ∼5% of all cases. According to the “common disease - common variant” concept, much of the uncharacterized inheritance is caused by large numbers of common low-penetrance variants. Genome-wide association studies have recently identified ten independent chromosomal loci that predispose to CRC with allelic odds ratios of ∼1.2. Although the individual effect of each variant is modest, the proportion of CRC attributed to the ten variants is large due to the high frequencies of risk alleles in the population. Paradoxically, it has been estimated that they explain only a small proportion of the empirical excess familial risk of CRC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined contribution of the ten low-penetrance loci on familial CRC and other clinical characteristics. The analyzed variants were rs6983267 at 8q24, rs4779584 at 15q13, rs4939827 at 18q21, rs16892766 at 8q23, rs10795668 at 10p14, rs3802842 at 11q23, rs4444235 at 14q22, rs9929218 at 16q22, rs10411210 at 19q13, and rs961253 at 20p12. Our Finnish population-based series of CRC samples consisted of 826 cases, of which genotypes in the ten loci and registry-based clinical data was available. There were 37 cases known to carry high-penetrance germline mutations, and these were excluded from the analysis. The remaining cases consisted of 97 patients with at least one affected first-degree relative and 691 with no affected first-degree relatives. The overall number of risk alleles (0-20) was counted for each individual, after which their association with familial CRC and other clinical characteristics was analyzed by logistic regression. We observed a linear association between increasing numbers of risk alleles in the ten loci and odds of having familial CRC (P=0.006). With each one unit increase in the number of risk alleles, the odds of having an affected family member increased by a factor of 1.16 (95% CI 1.04-1.30). Furthermore, we estimated which proportion of the familial aggregation of CRC can be attributed to the ten loci, by calculating excess familial risk. This was performed based on age-, sex-, and calendar period incidence rates in the first-degree relatives of the probands and in the general population of Finland. The ten low-penetrance variants explain approximately 9% (upper 95% CI 19%) of the variance in familial risk of CRC. Our results provide robust evidence to support the previous indirect estimations that these low-penetrance variants account for only a small proportion of familial CRC and emphasize the need to characterize the remaining inherited predisposition to this malignancy.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3864.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iina Niittymäki
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Auli Karhu
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Järvinen
- 2The Second Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ian PM Tomlinson
- 4Molecular and Population Genetics, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard S. Houlston
- 5Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Lauri A. Aaltonen
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Raitanen MP, Kaasinen E, Rintala E, Hansson E, Nieminen P, Aine R, Tammela TL. Prognostic utility of human complement factor H related protein test (the BTA stat Test). Br J Cancer 2001; 85:552-6. [PMID: 11506495 PMCID: PMC2364089 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine, in addition to well-known prognostic factors, histological grade, stage, tumour size and multiplicity, the correlation of BTA stat Test on disease free interval (DFI) on primary superficial bladder cancer. A total of 116 patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer were evaluated in a prospective multicentre study. A voided urine sample was obtained prior to TURB and split for culture, cytology and BTA stat testing. Follow-up data for the patients were collected until the first recurrence or the last visit and the DFI was analysed by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox analysis. Ninety-seven of the 116 (83.6%) patients were eligible for analysis. The BTA stat Test was positive in 73 (75.3%) patients, whereas cytology detected 20 (20.6%) cases. The DFI was found to be shorter among patients with a positive BTA stat Test, and also among those with intermediate or high-grade tumours. The BTA stat Test result divided patients with grade 2 tumours into two prognostic groups, in that those testing positive had 68.6% risk of recurrence during the first year compared to 42.9% risk of those with a negative test result (P = 0.041). Although the effect of tumour size on DFI was notable, the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.064). Number of tumours was not related to DFI, nor was the difference between different stage of tumour of significance. BTA stat Test is not only sensitive in detection of primary bladder cancer, but also might have some independent prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Raitanen
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Box 2000, 33521 Tampere, Finland
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Raitanen MP, Kaasinen E, Lukkarinen O, Kauppinen R, Viitanen J, Liukkonen T, Tammela TL. Analysis of false-positive BTA STAT test results in patients followed up for bladder cancer. Urology 2001; 57:680-4. [PMID: 11306380 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(00)01055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of a positive BTA stat Test result in patients with negative cystoscopic findings. METHODS Five hundred one consecutive patients in follow-up for bladder cancer were studied. A voided urine sample was obtained before cystoscopy and split for culture, cytology, and BTA stat testing. In the case of a positive BTA stat Test, but negative cystoscopic findings, patients underwent additional investigations. RESULTS Of 501 patients, 133 (26.5%) had bladder cancer recurrence at cystoscopy, of which the BTA stat Test detected 71 (53.4%); only 21 of the cases (17.9%) were detected by cytologic examination. Of the remaining 368 patients with no visible tumor at cystoscopy, 96 (26.1%) had a positive BTA stat Test result. Fifty-five of those (57.3%) underwent intravenous urography or renal ultrasound and random biopsies, and an additional 9 recurrences (16.4%) were detected. Of those 46 patients who had a true false-positive BTA stat Test, 3 (3 of 43, 7.0%) had recurrence at the next follow-up cystoscopy, 4 (8.7%) had a urine infection, and 8 (17.4%) had ongoing intravesical instillations; the latter two percentages were significantly higher than among those with true-negative BTA stat Test results (0% and 6.8%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Patients with a positive BTA stat Test result but negative cystoscopic findings have about a 16% risk of an undetected recurrence. False-positive results may be due to present instillation treatment and urine infection, and the predictive value of a BTA stat Test for subsequent recurrence seems relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Raitanen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Liukkonen T, Lipponen P, Raitanen M, Kaasinen E, Ala-Opas M, Rajala P, Kosma VM. Evaluation of p21WAF1/CIP1 and cyclin D1 expression in the progression of superficial bladder cancer. Finbladder Group. Urol Res 2000; 28:285-92. [PMID: 11127704 DOI: 10.1007/s002400000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunoreactivity of p21WAF1/CIP1 and cyclin D1 proteins was assessed in a cohort of 207 patients with superficial (pTa-pT1) bladder cancer followed up for a mean of 4.9 years. The results of the immunostainings were compared with T category, WHO grade, tumor cell proliferation rate (MIB-1 score), the expressions of p53 and bcl-2 as well as survival. Sixty-eight percent and 75% of the tumors were p21WAF1/CIP1 positive (> or = 5% of cells positive) and cyclin D1 positive (> or = 10% of cells positive), respectively. The p21WAF1/CIP1 expression was related to cyclin D1 immunolabelling (P < 0.001) but not to the other variables studied. The expression of cyclin D1 was inversely associated with T category (P = 0.001), WHO grade (P = 0.006), MIB-1 score (P = 0.014), p53 expression (P = 0.001), and bcl-2 (P = 0.011) immunoreactivity. In univariate analysis, T category (P = 0.0001), WHO grade (P < 0.0001), MIB-1 score (P < 0.0001), bcl-2 (P = 0.0092), p53 (P = 0.0016) and p21WAF1/CIP1 (P = 0.009) expressions were significant prognostic factors with regard to tumor progression, whereas cyclin D1 was without any prognostic significance (P = 0.1). Out of 123 p21 positive tumors 21 progressed, whereas only 2 out of 58 p21 negative tumors progressed. In multivariate analysis, the MIB-1 score was the only independent predictor of cancer-specific survival (P = 0.03), whereas tumor grade (P = 0.002) and cyclin D1 expression (P = 0.04) were independent predictors of tumor recurrence. Only the WHO grade (P = 0.04) retained its prognostic value indicating the risk of progression. We suggest that in superficial bladder cancer p21WAF1/CIP1 and cyclin D1 immunohistochemistry provide no additional prognostic information compared with already established prognostic factors for predicting the risk of progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liukkonen
- Department of Surgery, Mikkeli Central Hospital, Finland
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Kaasinen E, Rintala E, Pere AK, Kallio J, Puolakka VM, Liukkonen T, Tuhkanen K. Weekly mitomycin C followed by monthly bacillus Calmette-Guerin or alternating monthly interferon-alpha2B and bacillus Calmette-Guerin for prophylaxis of recurrent papillary superficial bladder carcinoma. J Urol 2000; 164:47-52. [PMID: 10840422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated alternatives to bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) monotherapy using a new combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy for recurrent superficial bladder carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 236 patients with frequently recurrent stage Ta or T1 bladder tumors were enrolled in our prospective, randomized, multicenter Finnbladder IV study. The initial mitomycin C instillation was instilled in all patients perioperatively after transurethral resection, followed by 4 weekly instillations of mitomycin C. Thereafter patients were randomized to receive monthly for up to 1 year BCG only or interferon-alpha2b and BCG alternating monthly. Primary end points were time to initial recurrence, recurrence rate (number of recurrences per patient-year) and recurrence index (number of recurrent tumors per patient-year). RESULTS Of the 236 randomized patients 205 were eligible for study with a median overall followup of 30.7 months. Monthly BCG was superior to alternating monthly interferon-alpha and/or BCG with respect to time to initial recurrence (log rank test p <0.00001) as well as recurrence rate (0.4 versus 0.9, p <0.00001) and index (0.9 versus 3.0, p <0.00001). Side effects were limited. CONCLUSIONS Monthly BCG given for up to 1 year preceded by perioperative and an additional 4 weekly mitomycin C instillations is a well tolerated mode of instillation therapy, providing excellent tumor control comparable to that of the best reported instillation regimens. No benefit was obtained by alternating interferon-alpha2b with BCG.
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Raitanen MP, Marttila T, Kaasinen E, Rintala E, Aine R, Tammela TL. Sensitivity of human complement factor H related protein (BTA stat) test and voided urine cytology in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. J Urol 2000; 163:1689-92. [PMID: 10799161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We compared the sensitivity of the BTA statdagger test, a rapid, noninvasive, qualitative urine test that detects bladder tumor associated antigen (human complement factor H related protein) in urine, to that of voided urine cytology in patients with primary bladder cancer. We also assessed the effect of tumor size, number, histological grade and stage on test sensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated 151 patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer in a prospective multicenter study. A voided urine sample obtained before transurethral bladder tumor resection was divided for culture, cytology and BTA stat testing. RESULTS Overall sensitivity of the BTA stat test and urine cytology for detecting primary bladder cancer was 81.5% and 30.3%, respectively (p <0.0001). The sensitivity of each test increased as tumor size, number, histological grade and stage increased. CONCLUSIONS Sensitivity of the BTA stat test was superior to that of voided urine cytology in all tumor categories. This noninvasive, easy to perform, point of care test may have the potential to replace cytology for diagnosing bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Raitanen
- Division of Urology, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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