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Lu Z, Shen S, Lin S. The neuroprotective effects of SFGDI on sirtuin 3-related oxidative stress by regulating the Sirt3/SOD/ROS pathway and energy metabolism in BV2 cells. Food Funct 2024; 15:6692-6704. [PMID: 38828499 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01512f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the investigation of neuroprotective peptides has gained attention in addressing memory impairment and cognitive decline. Although the potential neuroprotective peptide Serine-Phenylalanine-Glycine-Aspartic acid-Isoleucine (SFGDI) has been identified from sea cucumber, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study was conducted to explore the neuroprotection of SFGDI against 3-TYP-induced oxidative stress in BV2 cells. The results showed a retention rate of 76.70% during in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion and an absorption rate of 10.41% in a rat-everted gut sac model for SFGDI. Two hours following the administration of SFGDI via gavage in mice, a notable fluorescence was observed in the brain, indicating a potential neuroprotection of SFGDI through its interactions with nerve cells. By utilizing a model of oxidative stress injury induced by 3-TYP in BV2 cells, it was determined that pretreatment with SFGDI (50-200 μg mL-1) resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the acetylated SOD level, leading to enhanced SOD activity and reduced levels of ROS and MDA. In addition, this pretreatment triggered an increase in unsaturated lipid levels, which helped maintain the intracellular lipid metabolism balance and preserve the mitochondrial function and glycolysis levels to regulate energy metabolism. The results of this study indicate that SFGDI demonstrates neuroprotective properties through its modulation of the Sirt3/SOD/ROS pathway, regulation of lipid metabolism, and enhancement of energy metabolism in BV2 cells. These findings suggest potential novel therapeutic approaches for addressing Sirt3-related memory deficits and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Lu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, No. 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, P. R. China.
- Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food of Liaoning Province, Food Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Shen
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, No. 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, P. R. China.
- Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food of Liaoning Province, Food Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Songyi Lin
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, No. 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, P. R. China.
- Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food of Liaoning Province, Food Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
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2
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Yang J, Qi Y, Zhu B, Lin S. A Novel Tetrapeptide Ala-Phe-Phe-Pro (AFFP) Derived from Antarctic Krill Prevents Scopolamine-Induced Memory Disorder by Balancing Lipid Metabolism of Mice Hippocampus. Nutrients 2024; 16:1019. [PMID: 38613052 PMCID: PMC11013912 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory impairment is a serious problem with organismal aging and increased social pressure. The tetrapeptide Ala-Phe-Phe-Pro (AFFP) is a synthetic analogue of Antarctic krill derived from the memory-improving Antarctic krill peptide Ser-Ser-Asp-Ala-Phe-Phe-Pro-Phe-Arg (SSDAFFPFR) after digestion and absorption. The objective of this research was to assess the neuroprotective effects of AFFP by reducing oxidative stress and controlling lipid metabolism in the brains of mice with memory impairment caused by scopolamine. The 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy results showed that AFFP had three active hydrogen sites that could contribute to its antioxidant properties. The findings from in vivo tests demonstrated that AFFP greatly enhanced the mice's behavioral performance in the passive avoidance, novel object recognition, and eight-arm maze experiments. AFFP reduced oxidative stress by enhancing superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde levels in mice serum, thereby decreasing reactive oxygen species level in the mice hippocampus. In addition, AFFP increased the unsaturated lipid content to balance the unsaturated lipid level against the neurotoxicity of the mice hippocampus. Our findings suggest that AFFP emerges as a potential dietary intervention for the prevention of memory impairment disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Yang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (J.Y.); (Y.Q.)
- Engineering Research Center of Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yan Qi
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (J.Y.); (Y.Q.)
- Engineering Research Center of Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Songyi Lin
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (J.Y.); (Y.Q.)
- Engineering Research Center of Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, The Education Department of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116034, China
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3
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Rugiel M, Setkowicz-Janeczko Z, Kosiek W, Rauk Z, Kawon K, Chwiej J. Does Ketogenic Diet Used in Pregnancy Affect the Nervous System Development in Offspring?─FTIR Microspectroscopy Study. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2775-2791. [PMID: 37471579 PMCID: PMC10401638 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-seizure medications used during pregnancy may have transient or long-lasting impact on the nervous system of the offspring. Therefore, there is a great need to search for alternative therapies for pregnant women suffering from seizures. One of the solutions may be the use of the ketogenic diet (KD), which has been successfully applied as a treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in children and adults. However, the risks associated with the use of this dietary therapy during pregnancy are unknown and more investigation in this area is needed. To shed some light on this problem, we attempted to determine the potential abnormalities in brain biomolecular composition that may occur in the offspring after the prenatal exposure to KD. To achieve this, the female Wistar rats were, during pregnancy, fed with either ketogenic or standard laboratory diet, and for further studies, their male offspring at 2, 6, or 14 days of age were used. Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy was applied for topographic and quantitative analysis of main biological macromolecules (proteins, lipids, compounds containing phosphate and carbonyl groups, and cholesterol) in brain samples. Performed chemical mapping and further semi-quantitative and statistical analysis showed that the use of the KD during pregnancy, in general, does not lead to the brain biochemical anomalies in 2 and 6 days old rats. The exception from this rule was increased relative (comparing to proteins) content of compounds containing phosphate groups in white matter and cortex of 2 days old rats exposed prenatally to KD. Greater number of abnormalities was found in brains of the 14 days old offspring of KD-fed mothers. They included the increase of the relative level of compounds containing carbonyl groups (in cortex as well as multiform and molecular cells of the hippocampal formation) as well as the decrease of the relative content of lipids and their structural changes (in white matter). What is more, the surface of the internal capsule (structure of the white matter) determined for this age group was smaller in animals subjected to prenatal KD exposure. The observed changes seem to arise from the elevated exposition to ketone bodies during a fetus life and the disturbance of lipid metabolism after prenatal exposure to the KD. These changes may be also associated with the processes of compensation of mother organism, which slowly began to make up for the deficiencies in carbohydrates postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Rugiel
- Faculty
of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Kosiek
- Institute
of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian
University, Krakow 31-007, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Rauk
- Institute
of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian
University, Krakow 31-007, Poland
| | - Kamil Kawon
- Faculty
of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Joanna Chwiej
- Faculty
of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Krakow 30-059, Poland
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Wilk A, Drozdz A, Olbrich K, Janik-Olchawa N, Setkowicz Z, Chwiej J. Influence of measurement mode on the results of glioblastoma multiforme analysis with the FTIR microspectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 287:122086. [PMID: 36423418 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy is well known for its effectiveness in spectral and biochemical analyses of various materials. It enables to determine the sample biochemical composition by assigning detected frequencies, characteristic for functional groups of main biological macromolecules. In analysis of tissue sections one of two measurement modes, namely transmission and transflection, is usually applied. The first one has relatively straightforward geometry, hence it is considered to be more precise and accurate. However, IR-transparent media are very fragile and expensive. Transflection does not require expensive substrates, but is more prone to disruptive influence of Mie scattering as well as electric field standing wave effect. The excessive comparison of spectra' characteristics, obtained via both measurement modes, was performed in this paper. By the means of Mann-Whitney non-parametrical U test and PCA, the comparison of results obtained with both modes and assessment of usefulness of IR spectra obtained with transmission and transflection modes to differentiate between healthy and GBM-affected tissue, were performed. The main objective of the presented research is to compare the results of FTIR analysis of unfixed biological samples performed with transflection and transmission mode. In frame of the study we demonstrated the discrepancies between results of biochemical analysis performed based on data obtained with transmission and transflection. Such observation suggests that caution should be taken in drawing conclusions from the results obtained with transflection geometry, as its more prone to disruptive effects. Despite that, IR spectra developed with both modes allowed to distinguish GBM area from healthy tissue, which proves their diagnostic potential. Especially, application of the ME-EMSC correction of spectra before PCA enhances the performance of both methods to distinguish the analysed tissue areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Wilk
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Drozdz
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Karolina Olbrich
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Janik-Olchawa
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Setkowicz
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Chwiej
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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5
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Chen YT, Huang PY, Chai CY, Yu S, Hsieh YL, Chang HC, Kuo CW, Lee YC, Yu HS. Early detection of the initial stages of LED light-triggered non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by wax physisorption kinetics-Fourier transform infrared imaging. Analyst 2023; 148:643-653. [PMID: 36621928 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01546c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs), particularly in the blue waveform range, are regarded as a major source of circadian rhythm dysregulation. A circadian rhythm dysregulation induced by blue LEDs is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hepatocellular accumulation of lipids is a key event in the early stages of NAFLD. Kupffer cells (KCs) have been reported to be lost in the early onset of NAFLD followed by an inflammatory reaction that alters the liver response to lipid overload. This study focused on the detection of the initial stages (subpathological stages) of LED light-triggered NAFLD. Mice were exposed to either blue or white LED irradiation for 44 weeks. Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy (SR-FTIRM) and wax physisorption kinetic-Fourier transform infrared (WPK-FTIR) imaging were used to evaluate the ratio of lipid to protein and the glycosylation of glycoprotein, respectively. Immunohistopathological studies on KCs and circadian-related proteins were performed. Although liver biopsy showed normal pathology, an SR-FTIRM study revealed a high hepatic lipid-to-protein ratio after receiving LED illumination. The results of WPK-FTIR demonstrated that a high inflammation index was found in the high irradiance of the blue LED illumnation group. These groups showed a decrease in KC number and an increase in Bmal1 and Reverbα circadian protein expression. These findings provide explanations for the reduction of KCs without subsequent inflammation. A significant reduction of Per2 and Cry1 expression is correlated with the findings of WPK-FTIR imaging. WPK-FTIR is a sensitive method for detecting initiative stages of NAFLD induced by long-term blue LED illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Huang
- Life Science Group, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Sebastian Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan. .,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chao Chang
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30205, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wei Kuo
- Life Science Group, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Lee
- Life Science Group, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan.,Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan.,Chemistry Department, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan. .,National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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6
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Dróżdż A, Sławińska-Brych A, Kubera D, Kimsa-Dudek M, Gola JM, Adamska J, Kruszniewska-Rajs C, Matwijczuk A, Karcz D, Dąbrowski W, Stepulak A, Gagoś M. Effect of Antibiotic Amphotericin B Combinations with Selected 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives on RPTECs in an In Vitro Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315260. [PMID: 36499589 PMCID: PMC9738598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
4-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl) benzene-1,3-diol (C1) and 4-[5-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl] benzene1,3-diol (NTBD) are representative derivatives of the thiadiazole group, with a high antimycotic potential and minimal toxicity against normal human fibroblast cells. The present study has proved its ability to synergize with the antifungal activity of AmB. The aim of this work was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of C1 or NTBD, alone or in combination with AmB, on human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) in vitro. Cell viability was assessed with the MTT assay. Flow cytometry and spectrofluorimetric techniques were used to assess the type of cell death and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), respectively. The ELISA assay was performed to measure the caspase-2, -3, and -9 activity. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was used to evaluate biomolecular changes in RPTECs induced by the tested formulas. The combinations of C1/NTBD and AmB did not exert a strong inhibitory effect on the viability/growth of kidney cells, as evidenced by the negligible changes in the apoptotic/necrotic rate and caspase activity, compared to the control cells. Both NTBD and C1 displayed stronger anti-oxidant activity when combined with AmB. The relatively low nephrotoxicity of the thiadiazole derivative combinations and the protective activity against AmB-induced oxidative stress may indicate their potential use in the therapy of fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dróżdż
- Department of Cell Biology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adrianna Sławińska-Brych
- Department of Cell Biology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominika Kubera
- Department of Cell Biology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kimsa-Dudek
- Department of Nutrigenomics and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Magdalena Gola
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Jolanta Adamska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Celina Kruszniewska-Rajs
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Matwijczuk
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Karcz
- Department of Chemical Technology and Environmental Analytics, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Dąbrowski
- I Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy with Clinical Paediatric Department, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gagoś
- Department of Cell Biology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Effect of a Ketogenic Diet on Oxidative Posttranslational Protein Modifications and Brain Homogenate Denaturation in the Kindling Model of Epilepsy in Mice. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1943-1955. [PMID: 35316463 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the ketogenic diet (KD) effects on oxidative posttranslational protein modification (PPM) as presumptive factors implicated in epileptogenesis. A 28-day of KD treatment was performed. The corneal kindling model of epileptogenesis was used. Four groups of adult male ICR mice (25-30 g) were randomized in standard rodent chow (SRC) group, KD-treatment group; SRC + kindling group; KD + kindling group (n = 10 each). Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and protein carbonyl contents of brain homogenates together with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were evaluated. Two exothermic transitions (Exo1 and Exo2) were explored after deconvolution of the thermograms. Factor analysis was applied. The protective effect of KD in the kindling model was demonstrated with both decreased seizure score and increased seizure latency. KD significantly decreased glucose and increased ketone bodies (KB) in blood. Despite its antiseizure effect, the KD increased the AOPP level and the brain proteome's exothermic transitions, suggestive for qualitative modifications. The ratio of the two exothermic peaks (Exo2/Exo1) of the thermograms from the KD vs. SRC treated group differed more than twice (3.7 vs. 1.6). Kindling introduced the opposite effect, changing this ratio to 2.7 for the KD + kindling group. Kindling significantly increased glucose and KB in the blood whereas decreased the BW under the SRC treatment. Kindling decreased carbonyl proteins in the brain irrespectively of the diet. Further evaluations are needed to assess the nature of correspondence of calorimetric images of the brain homogenates with PPM.
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Wojciech K, Zuzanna R, Piotr S, Anna C, Marzena R, Joanna C, Krzysztof J, Zuzanna S. Ketogenic diet impairs neurological development of neonatal rats and affects biochemical composition of maternal brains: evidence of functional recovery in pups. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:1099-1113. [PMID: 35038032 PMCID: PMC8930886 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a type of diet in which the intake of fats significantly increases at the cost of carbohydrates while maintaining an adequate amount of proteins. This kind of diet has been successfully used in clinical therapies of drug-resistant epilepsy, but there is still insufficient evidence on its safety when used in pregnancy. To assess KD effects on the course of gestation and fetal development, pregnant females were fed with: (i) KD during pregnancy and lactation periods (KD group), (ii) KD during pregnancy replaced with ND from the day 2 postpartum (KDND group) and (iii) normal diet alone (ND group). The body mass, ketone and glucose blood levels, and food intake were monitored. In brains of KD-fed females, FTIR biochemical analyses revealed increased concentrations of lipids and ketone groups containing molecules. In offspring of these females, significant reduction of the body mass and delays in neurological development were detected. However, replacement of KD with ND in these females at the beginning of lactation period led to regainment of the body mass in their pups as early as on the postnatal day 14. Moreover, the vast majority of our neurological tests detected functional recovery up to the normal level. It could be concluded that the ketogenic diet undoubtedly affects the brain of pregnant females and impairs the somatic and neurological development of their offspring. However, early postnatal withdrawal of this diet may initiate compensatory processes and considerable functional restitution of the nervous system based on still unrecognized mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosiek Wojciech
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rauk Zuzanna
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szulc Piotr
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Cichy Anna
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rugieł Marzena
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Chwiej Joanna
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Janeczko Krzysztof
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Setkowicz Zuzanna
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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9
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Lu Z, Xu X, Li D, Sun N, Lin S. Sea Cucumber Peptides Attenuated the Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice and Rats and the Underlying Mechanism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:157-170. [PMID: 34932331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Social stress and unhealthy diets lead to memory impairment, triggering health problems. This study aimed to determine the mitigating effect and regulation mechanism of sea cucumber peptides (SCP) against memory impairment. Here, scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mouse and rat models was used based on behavioral tests, a histological staining technique, Fourier transform infrared microscopy, and gas-chromatographic analysis as well as a Western blotting method. SCP improved the behavioral performance and regulated the disorder of the cholinergic system in mouse models in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, the underlying mechanism was explored in high-dose SCP using mouse and rat models. SCP repaired damaged neuronal cells, enhanced the Nissl body number, increased the unsaturated lipid level, and activated the long-term potentiation (LTP) pathway (p-CaMKII, p-CREB, and BDNF), both in the mouse and rat hippocampus. The results indicated that SCP upregulated the LTP pathway and unsaturated lipid level to combat scopolamine-induced memory impairment, suggesting that SCP was a potential candidate for neurological recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P.R. China
| | - Na Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P.R. China
| | - Songyi Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P.R. China
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10
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Drozdz A, Matusiak K, Setkowicz Z, Ciarach M, Janeczko K, Sandt C, Borondics F, Horak D, Babic M, Chwiej J. FTIR microspectroscopy revealed biochemical changes in liver and kidneys as a result of exposure to low dose of iron oxide nanoparticles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 236:118355. [PMID: 32344375 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have biomedical and biotechnological applications in magnetic imaging, drug-delivery, magnetic separation and purification. The biocompatibility of such particles may be improved by covering them with coating. In presented paper the biochemical anomalies of liver and kidney occurring in animals exposed to d-mannitol-coated iron(III) oxide nanoparticles (M-IONPs) were examined with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. The dose of IONPs used in the study was significantly lower than those used so far in other research. Liver and kidney tissue sections were analysed by chemical mapping of infrared absorption bands originating from proteins, lipids, compounds containing phosphate groups, cholesterol and cholesterol esters. Changes in content and/or structure of the selected biomolecules were evaluated by comparison of the results obtained for animals treated with M-IONPs with those from control group. Biochemical analysis of liver samples demonstrated a few M-IONPs induced anomalies in the organ, mostly concerning the relative content of the selected compounds. The biomolecular changes, following exposition to nanoparticles, were much more intense within the kidney tissue. Biochemical aberrations found in the organ samples indicated at increase of tissue density, anomalies in fatty acids structure as well as changes in relative content of lipids and proteins. The simultaneous accumulation of lipids, phosphate groups as well as cholesterol and cholesterol esters in kidneys of rats exposed to IONPs may indicate that the particles stimulated formation of lipid droplets within the organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Drozdz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Matusiak
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Setkowicz
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Ciarach
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Janeczko
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | - Daniel Horak
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Babic
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Joanna Chwiej
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
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11
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Ling Y, Wang DD, Sun YX, Zhao DJ, Ni H. Neuro-Behavioral Status and the Hippocampal Expression of Metabolic Associated Genes in Wild-Type Rat Following a Ketogenic Diet. Front Neurol 2019; 10:65. [PMID: 30804881 PMCID: PMC6370680 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
While a ketogenic diet (KD) is a well-established therapy for medically intractable epilepsy, clinical evidence of relevant adverse events of a KD has also been reported. We asked whether this kind of diet would have deleterious effects on wild-type brain function by evaluating KD-induced biochemical changes in the hippocampus as well as neurobehavioral changes occurring in wild-type rats. Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups on postnatal day 28 (P28): wild-type rats fed with a KD qd (daily for 4 weeks, KD) or qod (every other day for 4 weeks, KOD), and wild-type rats fed with standard normal laboratory diet (ND). Neurobehavioral changes were observed on P35, P42, and P49. The hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting, the expression levels of zinc transporters (ZnTs) and lipid metabolism related genes were detected by Timm staining, RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively, on P58. The KD-treated KOD and KD groups showed a significant delay of negative geotaxis reflex on P35, but not on P42 or P49. In the open field test, daily KD treatment only led to a reduction in exploratory activity and increased grooming times but induced no significant changes in the scores of vertical activity or delay time. KD qod treated rats (KOD) displayed a slight delay in the place navigation test on P35 compared with the KD group. There were no significant differences in Timm staining among the three groups. In parallel with these changes, KD treatment (both KD and KOD) induced significantly downregulated mRNA levels of Apoa1, Pdk4, and upregulated expression of ApoE, ANXN7, and cPLA2 in the hippocampus when compared with the ND group (except in the case of ApoE in the KOD group). Notably, both the mRNA and protein levels of cPLA2 in the KOD rats were significantly downregulated compared with the KD group but still markedly higher than in the ND group. No significant difference was found in ZnTs among the three groups. Our data suggest that early-life KD can provoke minor neurobehavioral effects in particular a delay in negative geotaxis reflex and an increase in grooming activity. The hippocampal lipid metabolism signaling pathway, especially cPLA2, may be the target of the protective effect of KD on long-term brain injury after developmental seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Ling
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Sun
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dong-Jing Zhao
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Ni
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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12
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Chwiej JG, Ciesielka SW, Skoczen AK, Janeczko KJ, Sandt C, Planeta KL, Setkowicz ZK. Biochemical Changes Indicate Developmental Stage in the Hippocampal Formation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:628-635. [PMID: 30375847 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature showing how age of humans or animals influences the IR absorption spectra recorded in different brain regions is very poor. A very limited number of studies used FTIR microspectroscopy for analysis of the aging process, however there is lack of data concerning the biomolecular changes occurring in the course of postnatal development of the central nervous system. Therefore, in this paper the topographic and semiquantitative biochemical changes occurring within the rat hippocampus during postnatal development were examined. To achieve the goal of the study, three groups of normal male rats differing in age were investigated. These were 6, 30, and 60 day old animals, and the chosen ages correspond to the neonatal period, childhood, and early adulthood in humans, respectively. Already, preliminary topographic analysis identified a number of significant changes in the accumulation of biomolecules within the hippocampal formation occurring during brain development. Such observation was confirmed by further semiquantitative analysis of intensities of selected absorption bands or ratios of their intensities. The detailed examinations were done for four hippocampal cellular layers (multiform, molecular, pyramidal, and granular layers), and the results showed that the accumulation of most biomolecules, including both saturated and unsaturated lipids as well as compounds containing phosphate and carbonyl groups, was significantly higher in adulthood comparing to the neonatal period. What is more, the increases in their levels were observed mostly between 6th and 30th days of animals' life. The unsaturation level of lipids did not change during postnatal development, although the differences in unsaturated and saturated lipids contents were noticed between examined animal groups. Significant differences in relative secondary structure of proteins were found between young adult rats and animals in neonatal period for which the relative level of proteins with β-type secondary structure was the highest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna G. Chwiej
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Stanislaw W. Ciesielka
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Agnieszka K. Skoczen
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Krzysztof J. Janeczko
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | | | - Karolina L. Planeta
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Zuzanna K. Setkowicz
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Krakow 30-387, Poland
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13
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Chianese R, Coccurello R, Viggiano A, Scafuro M, Fiore M, Coppola G, Operto FF, Fasano S, Laye S, Pierantoni R, Meccariello R. Impact of Dietary Fats on Brain Functions. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1059-1085. [PMID: 29046155 PMCID: PMC6120115 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666171017102547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate dietary intake and nutritional status have important effects on brain functions and on brain health. Energy intake and specific nutrients excess or deficiency from diet differently affect cognitive processes, emotions, behaviour, neuroendocrine functions and synaptic plasticity with possible protective or detrimental effects on neuronal physiology. Lipids, in particular, play structural and functional roles in neurons. Here the importance of dietary fats and the need to understand the brain mechanisms activated by peripheral and central metabolic sensors. Thus, the manipulation of lifestyle factors such as dietary interventions may represent a successful therapeutic approach to maintain and preserve brain health along lifespan. METHODS This review aims at summarizing the impact of dietary fats on brain functions. RESULTS Starting from fat consumption, nutrient sensing and food-related reward, the impact of gut-brain communications will be discussed in brain health and disease. A specific focus will be on the impact of fats on the molecular pathways within the hypothalamus involved in the control of reproduction via the expression and the release of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone. Lastly, the effects of specific lipid classes such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and of the "fattest" of all diets, commonly known as "ketogenic diets", on brain functions will also be discussed. CONCLUSION Despite the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms is still a work in progress, the clinical relevance of the manipulation of dietary fats is well acknowledged and such manipulations are in fact currently in use for the treatment of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Coccurello
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council (C.N.R.), Rome, Italy.,Fondazione S. Lucia (FSL) IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Viggiano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Marika Scafuro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council (C.N.R.), Rome, Italy.,Fondazione S. Lucia (FSL) IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Giangennaro Coppola
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy.,UO Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Medical School, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Fasano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Sophie Laye
- INRA, Bordeaux University, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR, Bordeaux, France
| | - Riccardo Pierantoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meccariello
- Department of Movement and Wellness Sciences, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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14
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Skoczen A, Setkowicz Z, Janeczko K, Sandt C, Borondics F, Chwiej J. The influence of high fat diets with different ketogenic ratios on the hippocampal accumulation of creatine - FTIR microspectroscopy study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 184:13-22. [PMID: 28477512 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was the determination and comparison of anomalies in creatine (Cr) accumulation occurring within CA3 and DG areas of hippocampal formation as a result of two high-fat, carbohydrate-restricted ketogenic diets (KD) with different ketogenic ratio (KR). To reach this goal, Fourier transformed infrared microspectroscopy with synchrotron radiation source (SRFTIR microspectroscopy) was applied for chemical mapping of creatine absorption bands, occurring around 1304, 1398 and 2800 cm-1. The samples were taken from three groups of experimental animals: control group (N) fed with standard laboratory diet, KD1 and KD2 groups fed with high-fat diets with KR 5:1 and 9:1 respectively. Additionally, the possible influence on the phosphocreatine (PhCr, the high energetic form of creatine) content was evaluated by comparative analysis of chemical maps obtained for creatine and for compounds containing phosphate groups which manifest in the spectra at the wavenumbers of around 1240 and 1080 cm-1. Our results showed that KD2 strongly modifies the frequency of Cr inclusions in both analyzed hippocampal areas. Statistical analysis, performed with Mann-Whitney U test revealed increased accumulation of Cr within CA3 and DG areas of KD2 fed rats compared to both normal rats and KD1 experimental group. Moreover, KD2 diet may modify the frequency of PhCr deposits as well as the PhCr to Cr ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Skoczen
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Z Setkowicz
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Zoology, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Janeczko
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Zoology, Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | - J Chwiej
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
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15
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Chwiej J, Patulska A, Skoczen A, Matusiak K, Janeczko K, Ciarach M, Simon R, Setkowicz Z. Various ketogenic diets can differently support brain resistance against experimentally evoked seizures and seizure-induced elemental anomalies of hippocampal formation. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 42:50-58. [PMID: 28595792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper the influence of two different ketogenic diets (KDs) on the seizure-evoked elemental anomalies of hippocampal formation was examined. To achieve this purpose normal and pilocarpine treated rats previously fed with one of the two high fat and carbohydrate restricted diets were compared with animals on standard laboratory diet. The ketogenic ratios of the examined KDs were equal to 5:1 (KD1) and 9:1 (KD2). KD1 and standard diet fed animals presented similar patterns of seizure-evoked elemental changes in hippocampal formation. Also the analysis of behavioral data recorded after pilocarpine injection did not show any significant differences in intensity and duration of seizures between KD1 and standard diet fed animals. Higher ketogenic ratio KD2 introduced in the normal hippocampal formation prolonged changes in the accumulation of P, K, Zn and Ca. Despite this, both the intensity and duration of seizures were significantly reduced in rats fed with KD2 which suggests that its saving action on the nerve tissue may protect brain from seizure propagation. Also seizure-evoked elemental anomalies in KD2 animals were different than those observed for rats both on KD1 and standard diets. The comparison of seizure experiencing and normal rats on KD2, did not show any statistically significant differences in elemental composition of CA1 and H hippocampal areas whilst in CA3 area only Zn level changed as a result of seizures. DG was the area mostly affected by seizures in KD2 fed rats but areal densities of all examined elements increased in this hippocampal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chwiej
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland.
| | - A Patulska
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Skoczen
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Matusiak
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Janeczko
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Zoology, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Ciarach
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Zoology, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Simon
- Institut fur Synchrotronstrahlung, Research Centre Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Z Setkowicz
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Zoology, Krakow, Poland
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16
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Vibrational spectroscopies to investigate concretions and ectopic calcifications for medical diagnosis. CR CHIM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Chwiej J, Patulska A, Skoczen A, Janeczko K, Ciarach M, Simon R, Setkowicz Z. Elemental changes in the hippocampal formation following two different formulas of ketogenic diet: an X-ray fluorescence microscopy study. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:1277-86. [PMID: 26537249 PMCID: PMC4661185 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-015-1306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of the following study was the determination of elemental changes occurring within hippocampal formation as a result of high-fat and carbohydrate-restricted ketogenic diet (KD). To realize it, X-ray fluorescence microscopy was applied for topographic and quantitative analysis of P, S, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and Se in hippocampal formations taken from rats fed with two different KDs and naive controls. The detailed comparisons were done for sectors 1 and 3 of the Ammon's, the dentate gyrus and hilus of dentate gyrus. The results of elemental analysis showed that the KDs induced statistically significant changes in the accumulation of P, K, Ca, Zn and Se in particular areas of hippocampal formation and these alterations strongly depended on the composition of the diets. Much greater influence on the hippocampal areal densities of examined elements was found for the KD which was characterized by a lower content of carbohydrates, higher content of fats and increased proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. The levels of P, K and Zn decreased whilst those of Ca and Se increased as a result of the treatment with the KDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chwiej
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland.
| | - A Patulska
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Skoczen
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Janeczko
- Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Ciarach
- Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Simon
- ANKA Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Z Setkowicz
- Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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18
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Chwiej J, Skoczen A, Matusiak K, Janeczko K, Patulska A, Sandt C, Simon R, Ciarach M, Setkowicz Z. The influence of the ketogenic diet on the elemental and biochemical compositions of the hippocampal formation. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 49:40-6. [PMID: 25986320 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence demonstrates that dietary therapies, mainly the ketogenic diet, may be highly effective in the reduction of epileptic seizures. All of them share the common characteristic of restricting carbohydrate intake to shift the predominant caloric source of the diet to fat. Catabolism of fats results in the production of ketone bodies which become alternate energy substrates to glucose. Although many mechanisms by which ketone bodies yield its anticonvulsant effect are proposed, the relationships between the brain metabolism of the ketone bodies and their neuroprotective and antiepileptogenic action still remain to be discerned. In the study, X-ray fluorescence microscopy and FTIR microspectroscopy were used to follow ketogenic diet-induced changes in the elemental and biochemical compositions of rat hippocampal formation tissue. The use of synchrotron sources of X-rays and infrared allowed us to examine changes in the accumulation and distribution of selected elements (P, S, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Se) and biomolecules (proteins, lipids, ketone bodies, etc.) with the micrometer spatial resolution. The comparison of rats fed with the ketogenic diet and rats fed with the standard laboratory diet showed changes in the hippocampal accumulation of P, K, Ca, and Zn. The relations obtained for Ca (increased level in CA3, DG, and its internal area) and Zn (decreased areal density in CA3 and DG) were analogous to those that we previously observed for rats in the acute phase of pilocarpine-induced seizures. Biochemical analysis of tissues taken from ketogenic diet-fed rats demonstrated increased intensity of absorption band occurring at 1740 cm(-1), which was probably the result of elevated accumulation of ketone bodies. Moreover, higher absolute and relative (3012 cm(-1)/2924 cm(-1), 3012 cm(-1)/lipid massif, and 3012 cm(-1)/amide I) intensity of the 3012-cm(-1) band resulting from increased unsaturated fatty acids content was found after the treatment with the high-fat diet. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Status Epilepticus".
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Chwiej
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Skoczen
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Matusiak
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Janeczko
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Zoology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Patulska
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Rolf Simon
- Institut fur Synchrotronstrahlung, Research Centre Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Ciarach
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Zoology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Setkowicz
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Zoology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Krakow, Poland
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