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Kimsa-Dudek M, Kruszniewska-Rajs C, Adamska J, Strzałka-Mrozik B, Matwijczuk A, Karcz D, Gagoś M, Gola JM. Redox homeostasis in human renal cells that had been treated with amphotericin B in combination with selected 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives. Pharmacol Rep 2024:10.1007/s43440-024-00592-7. [PMID: 38587587 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of amphotericin B (AmB) in the therapy of systemic mycosis is associated with strong side effects, including nephrotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. Therefore, agents that can reduce the toxic effects of AmB while acting synergistically as antifungal agents are currently being sought. 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives are promising compounds that have an antifungal activity and act synergically with AmB. Such combinations might allow the dose of AmB, which is essential for preventing patients from having serious side effects, to be decreased. This might result from the antioxidant properties of 1,3,4-thiadiazoles. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate redox homeostasis in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC) after they had been treated with AmB in combination with 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives. METHODS Cellular redox homeostasis was assessed by investigating the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of cells, the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT). TAC was measured using an ABTS method. The MDA concentration, and the activity of SOD, GPX, and CAT were determined spectrophotometrically using commercially available assays. Additionally, the antioxidant defense system-related gene expression profile was determined using oligonucleotide microarrays (HG-U133A 2.0). Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to confirm the microarray results. RESULTS Amphotericin B and selected 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives had a significant effect on the total antioxidant capacity of the RPTEC cells, and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes. We also revealed that the effect of thiadiazoles on the SOD and CAT activities is dependent on the treatment of RPTEC cells with AmB. At the transcriptional level, the expression of several genes was affected by the studied compounds and their combinations. CONCLUSIONS The results confirmed that thiadiazoles can stimulate the RPTEC cells to defend against the oxidative stress that is generated by AmB. In addition, together with the previously demonstrated synergistic antifungal activity, and low nephrotoxicity, these compounds have the potential to be used in new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kimsa-Dudek
- Department of Nutrigenomics, and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 40-055, Poland.
| | - Celina Kruszniewska-Rajs
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 40-055, Poland
| | - Jolanta Adamska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 40-055, Poland
| | - Barbara Strzałka-Mrozik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 40-055, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Matwijczuk
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 13, Lublin, 20-950, Poland
- ECOTECH-COMPLEX-Analytical, and Programme Centre for Advanced Environmentally- Friendly Technologies, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Głęboka 39, Lublin, 20-033, Poland
| | - Dariusz Karcz
- Department of Chemical Technology, and Environmental Analytics, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, 31-155, Poland
- ECOTECH-COMPLEX-Analytical, and Programme Centre for Advanced Environmentally- Friendly Technologies, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Głęboka 39, Lublin, 20-033, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gagoś
- Department of Cell Biology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin, 20-033, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, 20-093, Poland
| | - Joanna Magdalena Gola
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 40-055, Poland
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Dróżdż A, Kubera D, Sławińska-Brych A, Matwijczuk A, Ślusarczyk L, Czernel G, Karcz D, Olender A, Bogut A, Pietrzak D, Dąbrowski W, Stepulak A, Wójcik-Załuska A, Gagoś M. Synergistic Antifungal Interactions between Antibiotic Amphotericin B and Selected 1,3,4-thiadiazole Derivatives, Determined by Microbiological, Cytochemical, and Molecular Spectroscopic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36834848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant fungal strains have been more frequently isolated in clinical practice. This phenomenon is responsible for difficulties in the treatment of infections. Therefore, the development of new antifungal drugs is an extremely important challenge. Combinations of selected 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives with amphotericin B showing strong synergic antifungal interactions are promising candidates for such formulas. In the study, microbiological, cytochemical, and molecular spectroscopy methods were used to investigate the antifungal synergy mechanisms associated with the aforementioned combinations. The present results indicate that two derivatives, i.e., C1 and NTBD, demonstrate strong synergistic interactions with AmB against some Candida species. The ATR-FTIR analysis showed that yeasts treated with the C1 + AmB and NTBD + AmB compositions, compared with those treated with single compounds, exhibited more pronounced abnormalities in the biomolecular content, suggesting that the main mechanism of the synergistic antifungal activity of the compounds is related to a disturbance in cell wall integrity. The analysis of the electron absorption and fluorescence spectra revealed that the biophysical mechanism underlying the observed synergy is associated with disaggregation of AmB molecules induced by the 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives. Such observations suggest the possibility of the successful application of thiadiazole derivatives combined with AmB in the therapy of fungal infections.
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Dróżdż A, Sławińska-Brych A, Kubera D, Kimsa-Dudek M, Gola JM, Adamska J, Kruszniewska-Rajs C, Matwijczuk A, Karcz D, Dąbrowski W, Stepulak A, Gagoś M. Effect of Antibiotic Amphotericin B Combinations with Selected 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives on RPTECs in an In Vitro Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315260. [PMID: 36499589 PMCID: PMC9738598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
4-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl) benzene-1,3-diol (C1) and 4-[5-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl] benzene1,3-diol (NTBD) are representative derivatives of the thiadiazole group, with a high antimycotic potential and minimal toxicity against normal human fibroblast cells. The present study has proved its ability to synergize with the antifungal activity of AmB. The aim of this work was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of C1 or NTBD, alone or in combination with AmB, on human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) in vitro. Cell viability was assessed with the MTT assay. Flow cytometry and spectrofluorimetric techniques were used to assess the type of cell death and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), respectively. The ELISA assay was performed to measure the caspase-2, -3, and -9 activity. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was used to evaluate biomolecular changes in RPTECs induced by the tested formulas. The combinations of C1/NTBD and AmB did not exert a strong inhibitory effect on the viability/growth of kidney cells, as evidenced by the negligible changes in the apoptotic/necrotic rate and caspase activity, compared to the control cells. Both NTBD and C1 displayed stronger anti-oxidant activity when combined with AmB. The relatively low nephrotoxicity of the thiadiazole derivative combinations and the protective activity against AmB-induced oxidative stress may indicate their potential use in the therapy of fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dróżdż
- Department of Cell Biology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adrianna Sławińska-Brych
- Department of Cell Biology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominika Kubera
- Department of Cell Biology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kimsa-Dudek
- Department of Nutrigenomics and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Magdalena Gola
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Jolanta Adamska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Celina Kruszniewska-Rajs
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Matwijczuk
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Karcz
- Department of Chemical Technology and Environmental Analytics, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Dąbrowski
- I Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy with Clinical Paediatric Department, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gagoś
- Department of Cell Biology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Wu Z, Shi J, Chen J, Hu D, Song B. Design, Synthesis, Antibacterial Activity, and Mechanisms of Novel 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives Containing an Amide Moiety. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:8660-8670. [PMID: 34319116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To discover novel antibacterial agents, a series of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives containing an amide moiety were designed and synthesized, and their antibacterial activities were tested. Compound 30 was designed and synthesized according to the CoMFA model. Compound 30 exhibited higher antibacterial activities against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, with EC50 values of 2.1 and 1.8 mg/L, respectively, which were superior to those of thiodiazole copper (99.6 and 92.5 mg/L). The protective and curative activities of compound 30 against rice bacterial leaf blight were 51.3 and 46.1%, respectively, which were better than those of thiodiazole copper (37.8 and 38.5%). The protective and curative activities of compound 30 against rice bacterial leaf streak were 45.9 and 40.5%, respectively, which were better than those of thiodiazole copper (36.2 and 31.1%). In addition, the protective activity of compound 30 against rice bacterial leaf streak was related to increased activities of related defense enzymes and upregulated the differentially expressed proteins of the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Jin Shi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Jixiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Baoan Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
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