1
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Mutoh K, Abe J. Fast photochromism of helicene-bridged imidazole dimers. Chem Sci 2024; 15:13343-13350. [PMID: 39183935 PMCID: PMC11339945 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03578j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The unique optical and magnetic properties of organic biradicaloids on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are of fundamental interest in the development of novel organic optoelectronic materials. Open-shell π-conjugated molecules with helicity have recently attracted a great deal of attention due to the magnetic-field-dependence and spin-selectivity arising from the combination of helical chirality and electron spins. However, the molecular design for helical biradicaloids is limited due to the thermal instability and high reactivity. Herein, we achieved fast photochromic reactions and reversible photo-generation of biradical species using helicene-bridged imidazole dimers. A [9]helicene-bridged imidazole dimer exhibits reversible photochromism upon UV light irradiation. The transient species produced reversibly by UV light irradiation exhibited ESR spectra with a fine structure characteristic of a triplet radical pair, indicating the reversible generation of the biradical. The half-life of the thermal recombination reaction of the biradical was estimated to be 29 ms at 298 K. Conversely, a substantial activation energy barrier was confirmed for the intramolecular recombination reaction in the [7]helicene-bridged imidazole dimer, attributed to the extended pitch length of [7]helicene. The temperature dependence of the thermal back reactions revealed that the [7]helicene and [9]helicene moieties functioned as 'soft' and 'hard' molecular bridges, respectively. These findings pave the way for future advances in the development of photoswitchable helical biradicaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-5258 Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-5258 Japan
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2
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Yagi S, Kawano M, Abe J. Drastically Accelerated Radical Recombination Kinetics of a Hexaarylbiimidazole Derivative. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6190-6193. [PMID: 38836752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
More than 60 years have passed since the discovery of hexaarylbiimidazole (HABI), which exhibits a characteristic photochromism that produces colored lophyl radicals through a radical dissociation reaction induced by light irradiation and reverts to its original state through a radical recombination reaction in the dark. Lophyl radicals are relatively stable among organic radicals, have low reactivity with oxygen, and have a very slow radical recombination reaction rate. HABI has been used industrially as a photoinitiator to date. However, the guidelines for molecular design to accelerate the thermal reverse reaction of HABI are still unknown and remain a challenge. We found that suppressing the rotation of the phenyl groups attached to the 4- and 5-positions of the imidazole ring of HABI is effective in accelerating the radical recombination reaction. The simple molecular design strategy to accelerate the thermal reverse reaction of HABI is expected to improve the performance of photoinitiators and photoresponsive materials that utilize HABI as a photoresponsive unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Yagi
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Masaki Kawano
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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3
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Hou P, Peschtrich S, Feuerstein W, Schoch R, Hohloch S, Breher F, Paradies J. Imidazolyl-Substituted Benzo- and Naphthodithiophenes as Precursors for the Synthesis of Transient Open-Shell Quinoids. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202300003. [PMID: 36703547 PMCID: PMC10661821 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of three novel imidazolyl-substituted sulfur-containing heteroacenes is reported. These heteroacenes consisting of annelated benzo- and naphthothiophenes serve as precursors for the generation of open-shell quinoid heteroacenes by oxidation with alkaline ferric cyanide. Spectroscopic and computational experiments support the formation of reactive open-shell quinoids, which, however, quickly produce paramagnetic polymeric material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hou
- Chemistry DepartmentPaderborn UniversityWarburger Strasse 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Sebastian Peschtrich
- Chemistry DepartmentPaderborn UniversityWarburger Strasse 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Wolfram Feuerstein
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Roland Schoch
- Chemistry DepartmentPaderborn UniversityWarburger Strasse 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Jan Paradies
- Chemistry DepartmentPaderborn UniversityWarburger Strasse 10033098PaderbornGermany
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4
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Okayasu Y, Miyahara T, Shimada R, Nagai Y, Sakamoto A, Abe J, Kobayashi Y. Photochromic dinuclear iridium(III) complexes having phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37368414 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02208k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex (PIC), which is a rate-tunable fast photoswitch, can be used as a ligand that directly coordinates with iridium (III) ions. The iridium complexes show the characteristic photochromic reactions originating from the PIC moiety, whereas the behaviour of transient species is substantially different from that of the PIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Okayasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Takuya Miyahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Rintaro Shimada
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Yuki Nagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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5
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Akamatsu M. Inner and Interfacial Environmental Nanoarchitectonics of Supramolecular Assemblies Formed by Amphiphiles: from Emergence to Application. J Oleo Sci 2023; 72:105-116. [PMID: 36740247 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The inner and interfacial environments of self-assemblies provide fascinating nano-space for selective and efficient chemical reactions and processes. In biological systems, various chemical reactions, molecular recognition, and transport occur precisely and selectively by virtue of effective molecular interactions on biological membranes and proteins. Considering these advantages and the concept of nanoarchitectonics, we demonstrated that the photochromism of a lophine dimer was accelerated by using confined nano-spaces formed by surfactant micelles. The photoresponsive micelles were used for the rapid controlled release of a model drug upon ultraviolet light irradiation. Furthermore, selective ion recognition inside the self-assembled molecular films at the interfaces was investigated. The anion-π interaction between the anion and an electron-deficient aromatic ring was evaluated on a solid substrate modified with a naphthalenediimide (NDI) analog. Force curve measurements afforded a quantitative analysis of anion-π interactions on the NDI film. The strength of anion-π interactions is regulated by the electric fields on the electrode. An optical probe was developed to visualize the distribution of Cs ions in the soil, plant bodies, and aqueous media using an optode system. Advances in the development of molecular functional systems are expected based not only on molecular structures but also on the spaces and environments produced by them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Akamatsu
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science.,Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
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6
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Nishijima M, Mutoh K, Shimada R, Sakamoto A, Abe J. Controlling Diradical Character of Photogenerated Colored Isomers of Phenoxyl-Imidazolyl Radical Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17186-17197. [PMID: 36070476 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
We propose a rational method for evaluating the diradical character of the photochromic phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex (PIC) derivatives based on their radical-radical coupling reaction rates. PIC consists of an imidazole ring, a phenoxyl ring, and a bridging unit that structurally connects them. The C-N bond formed between the imidazole and phenoxyl rings can be dissociated photochemically in a homolytic manner. The photochromism of PIC differs significantly from other photochromic molecules in that the transient colored open-ring isomer has a diradical character. The colored open-ring isomer returns promptly to the initial colorless closed-ring isomer by the intramolecular radical recombination reaction. By changing the aromaticity and substitution position of the bridging unit, it is possible to control the degree of contribution of the open-shell diradical and closed-shell quinoidal structures to the open-ring isomer. Systematic investigation of the photochromic reactions of several PIC derivatives revealed that the half-life of the open-ring isomers reflects the diradical character. Thus, the radical recombination reaction rate of the open-ring isomer of the PIC derivatives is an excellent parameter of the diradical character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Nishijima
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Rintaro Shimada
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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7
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Abstract
We report the development of the stepwise photochromic imidazole dimer bridged by a sulfur atom. The one-photon absorption leads to the generation of the colored biradical species, which rapidly recombines to the initial imidazole dimer following first-order reaction kinetics. The further photochemical reaction of the biradical species produces the long-lived colored species, which shows intermolecular dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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8
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Excitation wavelength- and intensity-dependent stepwise two-photon-induced photochromic reaction. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1445-1458. [PMID: 35527290 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The photochromic molecules showing wavelength-selective or light intensity-dependent photoresponse are receiving increased attention in recent years. Although a photoswitch with a single chromophore can control the ON and OFF states of a function, that consisting of multi-chromophores would be useful for the specific control in complex systems. Herein, we designed stepwise two-photon induced photochromic molecules (PABI-PIC and PABI-PIC2) consisting of two different photochromic units (PABI and PIC). One-photon absorption reaction in the UV light region of PABI-PIC generates the short-lived transient biradical (BR) that absorbs an additional photon in the visible and UV light region in a stepwise manner to produce the two-photon photochemical product, the quinoidal species (Quinoid). The photochromic properties of these transient species are completely different in color and fading speed. In addition, PABI-PIC also shows the excitation wavelength-dependent photochromism because the excited states of the PABI and PIC units are electronically orthogonal. Therefore, the stepwise photochromic properties of PABI-PIC are easily controlled depending on the excitation light intensity and wavelength. These molecular designs are important for the development of advanced photoresponsive materials.
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9
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Okamoto K, Hatano S, Abe M. Thermal Reaction Behavior of Triphenylimidazolyl Radical with a Bulky Substituent. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6877-6885. [PMID: 35503527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The triphenylimidazolyl radical (TPIR) is generated by the irradiation of the photochromic molecule hexaarylbiimidazole (1,2'-HABI). Usually, the unsubstituted TPIRs form 1,2'-HABI thermally at room temperature. In this study, we report the thermal reaction behavior of TPIR with a tBu group (tBu-TPIR) under N2 atmosphere and the novel reactivities of TPIRs. Under N2 atmosphere at room temperature, tBu-TPIRs form SpI with a spiro carbon and a novel HABI isomer tBu-1,4'-HABI, whose bonding pattern is different from that of the original unsubstituted HABI (1,2'-HABI). The results of 1H NMR spectroscopy, EPR measurements, and DFT calculations revealed that SpI is generated via three steps: (1) intramolecular hydrogen transfer from the tBu group to the nitrogen atom of the imidazole ring, (2) intramolecular cyclization of alkyl radicals, and (3) intermolecular hydrogen transfer with another tBu-TPIR. Furthermore, we found that the thermal reaction of tBu-TPIR at a low temperature affords the diastereomers of other isomers (tBu-4,4'-HABI_RS and tBu-4,4'-HABI_RR); in other words, the thermal reaction of tBu-TPIR depends on temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Okamoto
- Basic Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Sayaka Hatano
- Basic Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Basic Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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10
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Hou P, Peschtrich S, Huber N, Feuerstein W, Bihlmeier A, Krummenacher I, Schoch R, Klopper W, Breher F, Paradies J. Impact of Heterocycle Annulation on NIR Absorbance in Quinoid Thioacene Derivatives. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200478. [PMID: 35254693 PMCID: PMC9314731 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of a homologous series of quinoid sulfur-containing imidazolyl-substituted heteroacenes is described. The optoelectronic and magnetic properties were investigated by UV/vis, fluorescence and EPR spectroscopy as well as quantum-chemical calculations, and were compared to those of the corresponding benzo congener. The room-temperature and atmospherically stable quinoids display strong absorption in the NIR region between 678 and 819 nm. The dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene and the thieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-b]thieno[2,3-d]thiophene derivatives were EPR active at room temperature. For the latter, variable-temperature EPR spectroscopy revealed the presence of a thermally accessible triplet state, with a singlet-triplet separation of 14.1 kJ mol-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hou
- Chemistry DepartmentPaderborn UniversityWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Sebastian Peschtrich
- Chemistry DepartmentPaderborn UniversityWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Nils Huber
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Kaiserstraße 1276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Wolfram Feuerstein
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Angela Bihlmeier
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Kaiserstraße 1276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Roland Schoch
- Chemistry DepartmentPaderborn UniversityWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Kaiserstraße 1276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Jan Paradies
- Chemistry DepartmentPaderborn UniversityWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
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11
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Kawanishi Y, Segawa Y, Mutoh K, Abe J, Kobayashi Y. A photochromic carbazolyl-imidazolyl radical complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4997-5000. [PMID: 35362498 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01196d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A carbazole-incorporated photochromic radical complex is synthesized. The long-wavelength photosensitivity of the photochromic reaction of the molecule is enhanced up to ∼580 nm by substituting a triphenylamine group into the 3-position of the carbazole moiety. These photochromic reactions are investigated by subpicosecond-to-microsecond transient absorption measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Kawanishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Structural Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
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12
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Kobayashi Y, Abe J. Recent advances in low-power-threshold nonlinear photochromic materials. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2397-2415. [PMID: 35262107 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01144h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Incoherent nonlinear photophysical and photochemical processes based on stepwise two-photon absorption (2PA) processes have been recently used in materials science owing to their unique photoresponses beyond one-photon processes and lower power thresholds to induce the processes than those of coherent nonlinear optical processes. Among them, nonlinear photochromic materials have received considerable attention because they exhibit unconventional photoresponses compared with other incoherent nonlinear processes such as low-power-threshold nonlinear photoresponses with unimolecular systems, gated photochemical reactions and oxygen-insensitive nonlinear photoresponses. Nonlinear photochromic materials are important not only for colorimetric materials, but also for emergent materials that can enrich the next-generation society such as dynamic holographic materials, which are promising for three-dimensional displays. In this tutorial review, we introduce low-power-threshold nonlinear photochromic materials using stepwise 2PA processes. First, we explain the fundamental concepts of photochemistry as well as photochromic reactions. We attempt to provide an intuitive understanding of incoherent nonlinear optical processes using these fundamental concepts. Then, we introduce several recent examples and potential applications of nonlinear photochromic materials. This tutorial review is important for understanding the scientific progress related to these fields and provides a simple unified picture of the incoherent nonlinear optical properties of different types of photofunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
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13
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Sanada Y, Yoshioka D, Kobayashi Y. Origin of the Anomalous Temperature Dependence of the Photochromic Reaction of Cu-Doped ZnS Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8129-8133. [PMID: 34410144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The temperature dependence of the color fading process of thermally reversible photochromic reactions is one of the most important challenges for their industrial applications. Generally, photochromic reactions of organic molecules have a strong temperature dependence due to the occurrence of large conformational changes during the reactions. In contrast, we recently reported that the photochromic reaction of Cu-doped ZnS nanocrystals (NCs) exhibits a very small temperature dependence around room temperature. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon has not been clarified yet. Here, we reveal that the anomalous temperature dependence of Cu-doped ZnS NCs originates from the balance between the temperature dependence of the charge recombination and that of the adsorption/desorption of water molecules on the surface of the NCs, which act as hole acceptors. Exploring temperature-insensitive photochromic reactions is important not only for gaining fundamental insight into nanomaterials but also for developing novel photochromic materials for outdoor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sanada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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14
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Nishijima M, Mutoh K, Abe J. A Qualitative Measure of Diradical Character Based on Radical–Radical Coupling Reaction. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moe Nishijima
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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15
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Akamatsu M, Kobayashi K, Iwase H, Sakaguchi Y, Tanaka R, Sakai K, Sakai H. Rapid controlled release by photo-irradiation using morphological changes in micelles formed by amphiphilic lophine dimers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10754. [PMID: 34031460 PMCID: PMC8144387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Photo-induced rapid control of molecular assemblies, such as micelles and vesicles, enables effective and on-demand release of drugs or active components, with applications such as drug delivery systems (DDS) and cosmetics. Thus far, no attempts to optimize the responsiveness of photoresponsive molecular assemblies have been published. We previously reported photoresponsive surfactants bearing a lophine dimer moiety that exhibit fast photochromism in confined spaces, such as inside a molecular assembly. However, rapid control of the micelle structures and solubilization capacity have not yet been demonstrated. In the present work, photo-induced morphological changes in micelles were monitored using in-situ small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. An amphiphilic lophine dimer (3TEG-LPD) formed elliptical micelles. These were rapidly elongated by ultraviolet light irradiation, which could be reversed by dark treatment, both within 60 s. For a solution of 3TEG-LPD micelles solubilizing calcein as a model drug molecule, fluorescence and SANS measurements indicated rapid release of the incorporated calcein into the bulk solvent under UV irradiation. Building on these results, we investigated rapid controlled release via hierarchical chemical processes: photoisomerization, morphological changes in the micelles, and drug release. This rapid controlled release system allows for effective and on-demand DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Akamatsu
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Kobayashi
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwase
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Sakaguchi
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan
| | - Risa Tanaka
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakai
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
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16
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Kawanishi Y, Mutoh K, Abe J, Kobayashi Y. Extending the Lifetimes of Charge Transfer States Generated by Photoinduced Heterolysis of Photochromic Radical Complexes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Kawanishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Nojihigashi Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-5258 Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-5258 Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Nojihigashi Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
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17
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Han Y, Hamada M, Chang IY, Hyeon-Deuk K, Kobori Y, Kobayashi Y. Fast T-Type Photochromism of Colloidal Cu-Doped ZnS Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2239-2249. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Morihiko Hamada
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - I-Ya Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kim Hyeon-Deuk
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobori
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657−8501, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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18
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Ito H, Tanaka S, Mutoh K, Abe J. Fast Photochromism of the Imidazole Dimers Bridged by Group 14 Atoms. Org Lett 2020; 22:5680-5684. [PMID: 32633969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We developed fast photochromic imidazole dimers bridged by group 14 atoms. These compounds reversibly break the C-N bond to generate the colored open-ring biradical form. The colored form thermally reproduces the initial colorless form in the microsecond time scales. Furthermore, the color of the biradical can be easily controlled by the introduction of two different types of the imidazolyl radicals. These results give attractive insights for the further development of fast photochromic imidazole dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Sho Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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19
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Usui R, Yamamoto K, Okajima H, Mutoh K, Sakamoto A, Abe J, Kobayashi Y. Photochromic Radical Complexes That Show Heterolytic Bond Dissociation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10132-10142. [PMID: 32363867 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photochromic materials have been widely used in various research fields because of their variety of photoswitching properties based on various molecular frameworks and bond breaking processes, such as homolysis and heterolysis. However, while a number of photochromic molecular frameworks have been reported so far, there are few reports on photochromic molecular frameworks that show both homolysis and heterolysis depending on the substituents with high durability. The biradicals and zwitterions generated by homolysis and heterolysis have different physical and chemical properties and different potential applications. Therefore, the rational photochromic molecular design to control the bond dissociation in the excited state on demand expands the versatility for photoswitch materials beyond the conventional photochromic molecular frameworks. In this study, we synthesized novel photochromic molecules based on the framework of a radical-dissociation-type photochromic molecule: phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex (PIC). While the conventional PIC shows the photoinduced homolysis, the substitution of a strong electron-donating moiety to the phenoxyl moiety enables the bond dissociation process to be switched from homolysis to heterolysis. This study gives a strategy for controlling the bond dissociation process of the excited state of photochromic systems, and the strategy enables us to develop further novel radical and zwitterionic photoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Usui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Katsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Hajime Okajima
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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20
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Kobayashi Y, Mamiya Y, Mutoh K, Sotome H, Koga M, Miyasaka H, Abe J. Excited state dynamics for visible-light sensitization of a photochromic benzil-subsituted phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2369-2379. [PMID: 31666871 PMCID: PMC6808191 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Visible-light sensitized photoswitches have been paid particular attention in the fields of life sciences and materials science because long-wavelength light reduces photodegradation, transmits deep inside of matters, and achieves the selective excitation in condensed systems. Among various photoswitch molecules, the phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex (PIC) is a recently developed thermally reversible photochromic molecule whose thermal back reaction can be tuned from tens of nanoseconds to tens of seconds by rational design of the molecular structure. While the wide range of tunability of the switching speed of PIC opened up various potential applications, no photosensitivity to visible light limits its applications. In this study, we synthesized a visible-light sensitized PIC derivative conjugated with a benzil unit. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy revealed that the benzil unit acts as a singlet photosensitizer for PIC by the Dexter-type energy transfer. Visible-light sensitized photochromic reactions of PIC are important for expanding the versatility of potential applications to life sciences and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yukie Mamiya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Hikaru Sotome
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masafumi Koga
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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21
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Akamatsu M, Kobayashi K, Sakai K, Sakai H. Accelerated recombination of lophyl radicals and control of the surface tension with amphiphilic lophine dimers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9769-9772. [PMID: 31329196 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04579a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the accelerated photoisomerization of amphiphilic lophine dimers based on the inner environments of molecular assemblies and rapid control of the interfacial properties of aqueous solution with photoirradiation. This novel photoisomerization system enables on-demand controlled release of drugs, perfumes, and other active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Akamatsu
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Kobayashi
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Sakai
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan. and Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan. and Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
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22
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Mutoh K, Abe J. Photosynergetic Response of High-Performance Fast Photochromic Molecules Based on Imidazolyl Radicals. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2019. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University
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23
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Yamamoto K, Gomita I, Okajima H, Sakamoto A, Mutoh K, Abe J. Electrochromism of fast photochromic radical complexes forming light-unresponsive stable colored radical cation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4917-4920. [PMID: 30882118 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00455f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated the electrochromism of photochromic radical complexes containing triaryl imidazole: fast photoswitchable pentaarylbiimidazole (PABI) and the phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex (PIC). Cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry revealed that PABI and PIC generate the highly stable radical cation by one-electron oxidation accompanied by a color change from colorless to green. The stability of the radical cation is strongly affected by the dihedral angle between the imidazole ring and the phenyl ring at the 2-position of the imidazole ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
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24
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Yamamoto K, Mutoh K, Abe J. Photo- and Electro-Driven Molecular Switching System of Aryl-Bridged Photochromic Radical Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:1945-1952. [PMID: 30789729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fast photochromic molecules have received much interest in the potential application as a real-time switching trigger in material and biological chemistry. Pentaarylbiimidazole (PABI) and phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex (PIC) are one of the fast photochromic molecules based on imidazolyl radicals. Because the photochromic reaction of these fast photochromic molecules proceeds from the optically forbidden S1 state, it is difficult to estimate the excitation energy to induce the photochromic reactions by spectroscopic techniques. In this study, we performed the electrochemical measurements for PABI and PIC to investigate the electronic properties and to determine the S0-S1 transition energies. In addition, we also revealed that the electrochemical reduction of PABI and PIC generates the radical anion which spontaneously shows the C-N bond breaking reaction to produce the radical species. The initial photochromic dimer is reproduced by the reversible oxidation of the anion species. This characteristic photochromic and electrochromic properties can be applicable to the photowritable electrochromic devices with high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering , Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering , Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering , Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
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25
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Stepwise two-photon absorption processes utilizing photochromic reactions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Akamatsu M, Suzuki T, Tsuchiya K, Masaki H, Sakai K, Sakai H. Accelerated Recombination of Lophyl Radicals Solubilized in Micelles. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Akamatsu
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Taiki Suzuki
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuchiya
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Masaki
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuracho, Hachiouji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakai
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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27
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Yonekawa I, Mutoh K, Kobayashi Y, Abe J. Intensity-Dependent Photoresponse of Biphotochromic Molecule Composed of a Negative and a Positive Photochromic Unit. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1091-1097. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Yonekawa
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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28
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Kobayashi Y, Okajima H, Sotome H, Yanai T, Mutoh K, Yoneda Y, Shigeta Y, Sakamoto A, Miyasaka H, Abe J. Direct Observation of the Ultrafast Evolution of Open-Shell Biradical in Photochromic Radical Dimer. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6382-6389. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Hajime Okajima
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Hikaru Sotome
- Division
of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced
Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanai
- Department
of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoneda
- Division
of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced
Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Department
of Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division
of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced
Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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29
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Chen K, Dai ML, Pan YQ, Zhang C, Tu SJ, Hao WJ. Regioselective Synthesis of 3-(Imidazol-4-yl) Indolin-2-Ones under Microwave Heating. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Ling Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qian Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 People's Republic of China
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30
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Hua QX, Xin B, Xiong ZJ, Gong WL, Li C, Huang ZL, Zhu MQ. Super-resolution imaging of self-assembly of amphiphilic photoswitchable macrocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2669-2672. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00044h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of an amphiphilic photoswitchable fluorescent macrocycle methoxy-tetraethylene glycol-substituted hexaarylbiimidazole-borondipyrromethene can be observed directly under a super-resolution fluorescence microscope, with the nanoscale resolution beyond the optical diffraction limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong-Xin Hua
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Bo Xin
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Zu-Jing Xiong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Wen-Liang Gong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Chong Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Zhen-Li Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Ming-Qiang Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
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31
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Kobayashi Y, Mutoh K, Abe J. Fast Photochromic Molecules toward Realization of Photosynergetic Effects. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3666-3675. [PMID: 27585058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There has been a growing interest toward the development of advanced photofunctional materials whose photoresponses involve multiple photons and molecules because these materials show the photoresponses which cannot be achieved by a one-photon reaction of a single chromophore. These cooperative interactions of multiple photons and molecules are recently termed as the "photosynergetic" effects, and the understanding and utilization of these effects are becoming important research topics. In this Perspective, we overview the recent progress of the fast T-type photochromic molecules involving the stepwise two-photon absorption processes. Although high power pulse lasers were necessary to induce conventional simultaneous and stepwise two-photon absorption processes, the stepwise two-photon absorption process with the fast photochromic compound can be initiated by extremely weak continuous wave (CW) LEDs. The basic concept and future outlook of the fast photochromism involving the stepwise two-photon absorption process will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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32
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Abstract
Natural products bearing a triazaspirocyclic motif have received significant attention in recent years. These compounds, which feature three nitrogen atoms attached to one quaternary carbon forming a spirocyclic scaffold, exhibit a wide range of biological activity and have promising applications in materials as well as in drug discovery. In this review article, we will discuss triazaspirocycles in Nature, their biological activity, and applications. Methods for the synthesis of triazaspirocycles as well as the reactivity of triazaspirocyclic scaffolds will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Gober
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Madeleine M Joullié
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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Kobayashi Y, Katayama T, Yamane T, Setoura K, Ito S, Miyasaka H, Abe J. Stepwise Two-Photon-Induced Fast Photoswitching via Electron Transfer in Higher Excited States of Photochromic Imidazole Dimer. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5930-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Katayama
- Division
of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced
Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamane
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Kenji Setoura
- Division
of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced
Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Syoji Ito
- Division
of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced
Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division
of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced
Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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34
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Swaminathan S, Garcia-Amorós J, Thapaliya ER, Nonell S, Captain B, Raymo FM. Tuning the Activation Wavelength of Photochromic Oxazines. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1852-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Swaminathan
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
| | - Jaume Garcia-Amorós
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
- Grup de Materials Orgànics; Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB); Departament de Química Orgànica; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franqués 1 E-08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ek Raj Thapaliya
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
| | - Santi Nonell
- Grup O'Enginyeria Molecular; Institut Químic de Sarrià; Universitat Ramón Llull; Via Augusta 390 E-08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Burjor Captain
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
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35
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Yamaguchi T, Kobayashi Y, Abe J. Fast Negative Photochromism of 1,1'-Binaphthyl-Bridged Phenoxyl-Imidazolyl Radical Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:906-13. [PMID: 26714023 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Negative photochromism, in which a thermally stable colored form isomerizes to the transient colorless form by light irradiation and the back reaction occurs thermally, is advantageous in its applications for photoswitching materials because visible light can cause the photochromic color change of the materials. Moreover, the photochromic color change can be induced even on the inside of the materials due to the absence of the reabsorption of the visible excitation light by the photogenerated colorless species. While several negative photochromic compounds have been reported, the time scales of the back reaction are still slower than minutes, and no available fast responsive negative photochromic compounds have been reported. Here, we developed a negative photochromic 1,1'-binaphthyl-bridged phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex (BN-PIC) which enables fast photoswitching by visible light. The stable colored BN-PIC shows instantaneous decoloration by visible light irradiation, and the photogenerated colorless form thermally reverts to the initial colored form with a half-life of 1.9 s at room temperature. BN-PIC can also cause the drastic change in the chiroptical properties by the photochromic reaction, and the rate of the thermal back reaction is affected by the chirality of the solvent. Since the negative photochromic reaction can occur on the inside of the materials, the fast negative photochromism is expected to have an impact in the fields of photoresponsive materials of solid states and molecular aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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36
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Ikezawa T, Mutoh K, Kobayashi Y, Abe J. Thiophene-substituted phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complexes with high photosensitivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2465-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc10133f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fast photoswitch molecules became sensitive to visible light by using a thiophene ring as a radical linker unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ikezawa
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
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37
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Yamashita H, Ikezawa T, Kobayashi Y, Abe J. Photochromic Phenoxyl-Imidazolyl Radical Complexes with Decoloration Rates from Tens of Nanoseconds to Seconds. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4952-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Yamashita
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ikezawa
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), K’s Gobancho, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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38
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Shima K, Mutoh K, Kobayashi Y, Abe J. Relationship between Activation Volume and Polymer Matrix Effects on Photochromic Performance: Bridging Molecular Parameter to Macroscale Effect. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:1087-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511074y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Shima
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), K’s Gobancho, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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39
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Yamaguchi T, Hilbers MF, Reinders PP, Kobayashi Y, Brouwer AM, Abe J. Nanosecond photochromic molecular switching of a biphenyl-bridged imidazole dimer revealed by wide range transient absorption spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:1375-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06001f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a biphenyl-bridged imidazole dimer exhibits fast photochromism with a thermal recovery time constant of ∼100 ns, which is the fastest thermal back reaction in all reported imidazole dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
| | - Michiel F. Hilbers
- University of Amsterdam
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- 1090 GD Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Paul P. Reinders
- University of Amsterdam
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- 1090 GD Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
| | - Albert M. Brouwer
- University of Amsterdam
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- 1090 GD Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
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