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Hou P, Peschtrich S, Feuerstein W, Schoch R, Hohloch S, Breher F, Paradies J. Imidazolyl-Substituted Benzo- and Naphthodithiophenes as Precursors for the Synthesis of Transient Open-Shell Quinoids. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202300003. [PMID: 36703547 PMCID: PMC10661821 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of three novel imidazolyl-substituted sulfur-containing heteroacenes is reported. These heteroacenes consisting of annelated benzo- and naphthothiophenes serve as precursors for the generation of open-shell quinoid heteroacenes by oxidation with alkaline ferric cyanide. Spectroscopic and computational experiments support the formation of reactive open-shell quinoids, which, however, quickly produce paramagnetic polymeric material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hou
- Chemistry DepartmentPaderborn UniversityWarburger Strasse 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Sebastian Peschtrich
- Chemistry DepartmentPaderborn UniversityWarburger Strasse 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Wolfram Feuerstein
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Roland Schoch
- Chemistry DepartmentPaderborn UniversityWarburger Strasse 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Jan Paradies
- Chemistry DepartmentPaderborn UniversityWarburger Strasse 10033098PaderbornGermany
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2
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Mlakić M, Čipor I, Kovačec P, Kragol G, Ratković A, Kovačević T, Zadravec R, Milašinović V, Molčanov K, Piantanida I, Škorić I. The Benzothiazine Core as a Novel Motif for DNA-Binding Small Molecules. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114499. [PMID: 37298974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of 4H-1,3-benzothiazine dyes were prepared and fully characterized in an aqueous medium. Benzothiazine salts were synthesized either through the classical synthetic pathway using Buchwald-Hartwig amination or through economical and environmentally friendly electrochemical synthesis. The latest synthetic approach employs successful electrochemical intramolecular dehydrogenative cyclization of N-benzylbenzenecarbothioamides to form 4H-1,3-benzothiazines. 4H-1,3-Benzothiazines were evaluated as novel DNA/RNA probes. Through the use of several methods such as UV/vis spectrophotometric titrations, circular dichroism and thermal melting experiments, the binding of four benzothiazine-based molecules to polynucleotides was examined. Compounds 1 and 2 acted as DNA/RNA groove binders, thus suggesting the potential of these compounds as novel DNA/RNA probes. This is a proof-of-concept study and will be expanded to include SAR/QSAR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Mlakić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivona Čipor
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Kovačec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Chemistry, Selvita Ltd., Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 29, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Kragol
- Chemistry, Selvita Ltd., Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 29, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Ratković
- Chemistry, Selvita Ltd., Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 29, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Kovačević
- Chemistry, Selvita Ltd., Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 29, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rahela Zadravec
- Chemistry, Selvita Ltd., Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 29, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Milašinović
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krešimir Molčanov
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Škorić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Januschewski E, Bischof G, Thanh BN, Bergmann P, Jerz G, Winterhalter P, Heinz V, Juadjur A. Rapid UV/Vis Spectroscopic Dye Authentication Assay for the Determination and Classification of Reactive Dyes, Monascus Pigments, and Natural Dyes in Coloring Foodstuff. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:11839-11845. [PMID: 33035423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Food authenticity in the field of food dyes can be interpreted as the correctness of the coloring ingredients indicated. The Rapid UV/vis Spectroscopic Dye Authentication Assay (RaSDAY) presented in this work was used to verify the authenticity of water-soluble reddish colorings for food use. RaSDAY includes the processing of samples under different experimental conditions with pH variations and heat exposure. The absorbances measured are analyzed by principal component analysis and a k-nearest neighbors algorithm. As a result, classification of anthocyanins, betalains, and carmine and the detection of Monascus pigments, undeclared artificial food dyes, and reactive textile azo dyes can be performed by utilizing a rapid screening method. In 17 out of 20 samples of coloring food additives that were included in this work, reactive dyes, unpermitted Monascus pigments, and artificial food dyes were detected using the developed method. "Reactive Red 120", "Reactive Red 195", and "Reactive Red 198" were identified by subsequent 1H NMR spectroscopy in eight of those samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Januschewski
- German Institute of Food Technologies, Chemical Analytics, Prof.-von-Klitzing-Straße 7, 49610 Quakenbrück, Germany
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Food Chemistry, Schleinitzstraße 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Greta Bischof
- German Institute of Food Technologies, Chemical Analytics, Prof.-von-Klitzing-Straße 7, 49610 Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Binh Nguyen Thanh
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Food Chemistry, Schleinitzstraße 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Pia Bergmann
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Food Chemistry, Schleinitzstraße 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gerold Jerz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Food Chemistry, Schleinitzstraße 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter Winterhalter
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Food Chemistry, Schleinitzstraße 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Volker Heinz
- German Institute of Food Technologies, Chemical Analytics, Prof.-von-Klitzing-Straße 7, 49610 Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Andreas Juadjur
- German Institute of Food Technologies, Chemical Analytics, Prof.-von-Klitzing-Straße 7, 49610 Quakenbrück, Germany
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4
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Liesfeld P, Garmshausen Y, Budzak S, Becker J, Dallmann A, Jacquemin D, Hecht S. Highly Cooperative Photoswitching in Dihydropyrene Dimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19352-19358. [PMID: 32720745 PMCID: PMC7589249 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We present a strategy to achieve highly cooperative photoswitching, where the initial switching event greatly facilitates subsequent switching of the neighboring unit. By linking donor/acceptor substituted dihydropyrenes via suitable π-conjugated bridges, the quantum yield of the second photochemical ring-opening process could be enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude as compared to the first ring-opening. As a result, the intermediate mixed switching state is not detected during photoisomerization although it is formed during the thermal back reaction. Comparing the switching behavior of various dimers, both experimentally and computationally, helped to unravel the crucial role of the bridging moiety connecting both photochromic units. The presented dihydropyrene dimer serves as model system for longer cooperative switching chains, which, in principle, should enable efficient and directional transfer of information along a molecularly defined path. Moreover, our concept allows to enhance the photosensitivity in oligomeric and polymeric systems and materials thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Liesfeld
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS AdlershofHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Yves Garmshausen
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS AdlershofHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Simon Budzak
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Natural SciencesMatej Bel UniversityTajovkého 4097401Banská BystricaSlovakia
- CEISAM LabUMR 6230Université de NantesCNRSF-44000NantesFrance
| | - Jonas Becker
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS AdlershofHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
| | - André Dallmann
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS AdlershofHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM LabUMR 6230Université de NantesCNRSF-44000NantesFrance
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS AdlershofHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
- DWI—Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstrasse 5052074AachenGermany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
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5
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Wienhold KS, Weindl CL, Yin S, Tian T, Schwartzkopf M, Rothkirch A, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. Following In Situ the Evolution of Morphology and Optical Properties during Printing of Thin Films for Application in Non-Fullerene Acceptor Based Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:40381-40392. [PMID: 32805887 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In situ printing gives insight into the evolution of morphology and optical properties during slot-die coating of active layers for application in organic solar cells and enables an upscaling and optimization of the thin film deposition process and the photovoltaic performance. Active layers based on the conjugated polymer donor with benzodithiophene units PBDB-T-2Cl and the non-fullerene small-molecule acceptor IT-4F are printed with a slot-die coating technique and probed in situ with grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering, grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, and ultraviolet/visible light spectroscopy. The formation of the morphology is followed from the liquid state to the final dry film for different printing conditions (at 25 and 35 °C), and five regimes of film formation are determined. The morphological changes are correlated to changing optical properties. During the film formation, crystallization of the non-fullerene small-molecule acceptor takes place and polymer domains with sizes of some tens of nanometers emerge. A red shift of the optical band gap and a broadening of the absorbance spectrum occurs, which allow for exploiting the sun spectrum more efficiently and are expected to have a favorable effect on the solar cell performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin S Wienhold
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian L Weindl
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ting Tian
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - André Rothkirch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Zentrum, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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6
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Gu S, Risse S, Lu Y, Ballauff M. Mechanism of the Oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine Catalyzed by Peroxidase-Like Pt Nanoparticles Immobilized in Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes: A Kinetic Study. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:450-458. [PMID: 31875355 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201901087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and kinetic modelling studies are presented to investigate the mechanism of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation by hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) catalyzed by peroxidase-like Pt nanoparticles immobilized in spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPB-Pt). Due to the high stability of SPB-Pt colloidal, this reaction can be monitored precisely in situ by UV/VIS spectroscopy. The time-dependent concentration of the blue-colored oxidation product of TMB expressed by different kinetic models was used to simulate the experimental data by a genetic fitting algorithm. After falsifying the models with abundant experimental data, it is found that both H2 O2 and TMB adsorb on the surface of Pt nanoparticles to react, indicating that the reaction follows the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. A true rate constant k, characterizing the rate-determining step of the reaction and which is independent on the amount of catalysts used, is obtained for the first time. Furthermore, it is found that the product adsorbes strongly on the surface of nanoparticles, thus inhibiting the reaction. The entire analysis provides a new perspective to study the catalytic mechanism and evaluate the catalytic activity of the peroxidase-like nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Gu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Sebastian Risse
- Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yan Lu
- Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthias Ballauff
- Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Markovic A, Buschbeck L, Klüner T, Christoffers J, Wittstock G. Electron Transfer and Electron Excitation Processes in 2,5-Diaminoterephthalate Derivatives with Broad Scope for Functionalization. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:1176-1182. [PMID: 31497472 PMCID: PMC6718077 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Derivatives of 2,5-diaminoterephthalate (DAT) are efficient fluorescence dyes that are also redox-active, thus allowing for the electrochemical manipulation of spectral properties. The electrochemical behaviour of seven DAT derivatives was studied by cyclic voltammetry in dichloromethane. In the absence of a proton donor, DATs should be oxidized in two one-electron steps. The first step is usually quasi-reversible while the second step is either quasi-reversible or irreversible. Some electrochemical properties such as the formal potentials and the ratio between the anodic and the cathodic current were determined from the cyclic voltammograms. Correlation between the formal potential of first oxidation and the absorption or the fluorescence emission wavelengths are established for this specific type of dyes. These correlations were confirmed with density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Markovic
- Carl von Ossietzky University OldenburgSchool of Mathematics and Science, Chemistry DepartmentD-26111OldenburgGermany
| | - Leon Buschbeck
- Carl von Ossietzky University OldenburgSchool of Mathematics and Science, Chemistry DepartmentD-26111OldenburgGermany
| | - Thorsten Klüner
- Carl von Ossietzky University OldenburgSchool of Mathematics and Science, Chemistry DepartmentD-26111OldenburgGermany
| | - Jens Christoffers
- Carl von Ossietzky University OldenburgSchool of Mathematics and Science, Chemistry DepartmentD-26111OldenburgGermany
| | - Gunther Wittstock
- Carl von Ossietzky University OldenburgSchool of Mathematics and Science, Chemistry DepartmentD-26111OldenburgGermany
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8
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Carmona F, González A, Sánchez M, Gálvez N, Cuesta R, Capdevila M, Dominguez-Vera JM. Varying iron release from transferrin and lactoferrin proteins. A laboratory experiment. Biochem Mol Biol Educ 2017; 45:521-527. [PMID: 28670831 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron metabolism is an important subject of study for undergraduate students of chemistry and biochemistry. Relevant laboratory exercises are scarce in the literature but would be very helpful in assisting students grasp key concepts. The experiment described here deals with different iron release mechanisms of two protagonists in iron metabolism: serum transferrin (Tf) and lactoferrin (Lf). Despite having very similar structures and iron-binding sites, Tf releases practically all its iron at pH 5.5 while Lf requires a significantly lower pH of 3. This difference in behavior is directly related to their respective biological functions as Tf blood-borne iron into the cell, while Lf competes with pathogens to sequester iron in biological fluids at more acidic pHs. During this experiment, the students will carry out iron loading and unloading on both human Lf and Tf and monitor the iron release at different pHs using UV-Vis spectroscopy. With this simple approach, the students will discover the different patterns of iron release of Tf and Lf and how this variance in behavior relates to their biological functions. Furthermore, this laboratory practice can be expanded to allow students to investigate a variety of iron proteins. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(6):521-527, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Carmona
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Ana González
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Manu Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Natividad Gálvez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Rafael Cuesta
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica. E.P.S. Linares, 23700, Spain
| | - Mercè Capdevila
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, E-08193, Spain
| | - Jose M Dominguez-Vera
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Spain
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9
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Krull SM, Ammirata J, Bawa S, Li M, Bilgili E, Davé RN. Critical Material Attributes of Strip Films Loaded With Poorly Water-Soluble Drug Nanoparticles: II. Impact of Polymer Molecular Weight. J Pharm Sci 2016; 106:619-628. [PMID: 27871727 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent work established polymer strip films as a robust platform for delivery of poorly water-soluble drug particles. However, a simple means of manipulating rate of drug release from films with minimal impact on film mechanical properties has yet to be demonstrated. This study explores the impact of film-forming polymer molecular weight (MW) and concentration on properties of polymer films loaded with poorly water-soluble drug nanoparticles. Nanoparticles of griseofulvin, a model Biopharmaceutics Classification System class II drug, were prepared in aqueous suspension via wet stirred media milling. Aqueous solutions of 3 viscosity grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (14, 21, and 88 kDa) at 3 viscosity levels (∼9500, ∼12,000, and ∼22,000 cP) were mixed with drug suspension, cast, and dried to produce films containing griseofulvin nanoparticles. Few differences in film tensile strength or elongation at break were observed between films within each viscosity level regardless of polymer MW despite requiring up to double the time to achieve 100% drug release. This suggests film-forming polymer MW can be used to manipulate drug release with little impact on film mechanical properties by matching polymer solution viscosity. In addition, changing polymer MW and concentration had no negative impact on drug content uniformity or nanoparticle redispersibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Krull
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Jennifer Ammirata
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Sonia Bawa
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Meng Li
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Ecevit Bilgili
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102.
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10
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Šarlah D, Juranovič A, Kožar B, Rejc L, Golobič A, Petrič A. Synthesis of Naphthalene-Based Push-Pull Molecules with a Heteroaromatic Electron Acceptor. Molecules 2016; 21:267. [PMID: 26950099 PMCID: PMC6274339 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Naphthalene derivatives bearing electron-accepting and electron-donating groups at the 2,6-positions belong to the family of D-π-A push-pull dyes. It has been found that these compounds, e.g., 2-(1-(6-((2-(fluoro)ethyl)(methyl)amino)naphthalen-2-yl)ethylidene)malononitrile (FDDNP), show not only interesting optical properties, such as solvatochromism, but they have the potential to label protein aggregates of different compositions formed in the brain of patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's (AD). In continuation of our research we set our goal to find new FDDNP analogs, which would inherit optical and binding properties but hopefully show better specificity for tau protein aggregates, which are characteristic for neurodegeneration caused by repetitive mild trauma. In this work we report on the synthesis of new FDDNP analogs in which the acceptor group has been formally replaced with an aromatic five- or six-membered heterocycle. The heterocyclic moiety was annealed to the central naphthalene ring either by classical ring closure reactions or by modern transition metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. The chemical characterization, NMR spectra, and UV/vis properties of all new compounds are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Šarlah
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Amadej Juranovič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Boris Kožar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Luka Rejc
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Amalija Golobič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Andrej Petrič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne fronte 13, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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11
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Iliopoulou I, Thaeron D, Baker A, Jones A, Robertson N. Analysis of the Thermal Degradation of the Individual Anthocyanin Compounds of Black Carrot (Daucus carota L.): A New Approach Using High-Resolution Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:7066-7073. [PMID: 26160425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The black carrot dye is a mixture of cyanidin molecules, the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of which shows a highly overlapped aromatic region. In this study, the (1)H NMR (800 MHz) aromatic chemical shifts of the mixture were fully assigned by overlaying them with the characterized (1)H NMR chemical shifts of the separated compounds. The latter were isolated using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and their chemical shifts were identified using (1)H and two-dimensional (2D) correlation spectroscopy (COSY) NMR spectroscopy. The stability of the black carrot mixture to heat exposure was investigated at pH 3.6, 6.8, and 8.0 by heat-treating aqueous solutions at 100 °C and the powdered material at 180 °C. From integration of high-resolution (1)H NMR spectra, it was possible to follow the relative degradation of each compound, offering advantages over the commonly used ultraviolet/visible (UV/vis) and HPLC approaches. UV/vis spectroscopy and CIE color measurements were used to determine thermally induced color changes, under normal cooking conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Iliopoulou
- †EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ashley Baker
- ‡Macphie of Glenbervie, Stonehaven AB39 3YG, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Jones
- †EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Robertson
- †EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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Abstract
We study one-, two-, three-, four-, and five-photon absorption of three centrosymmetric molecules using density functional theory. These calculations are the first ab initio calculations of five-photon absorption. Even- and odd-order absorption processes show different trends in the absorption cross sections. The behavior of all even- and odd-photon absorption properties shows a semiquantitative similarity, which can be explained using few-state models. This analysis shows that odd-photon absorption processes are largely determined by the one-photon absorption strength, whereas all even-photon absorption strengths are largely dominated by the two-photon absorption strength, in both cases modulated by powers of the polarizability of the final excited state. We demonstrate how to selectively enhance a specific multiphoton absorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Friese
- Centre
for Theoretical and Computational Chemisty, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Radovan Bast
- Theoretical
Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- PDC Centre for High Performance Computing, Royal Institute of Technology, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Ruud
- Centre
for Theoretical and Computational Chemisty, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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13
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Chernov'yants MS, Starikova ZA, Karginova AO, Kolesnikova TS, Tereznikov AY. Spectroscopic and structural investigation of interaction product of 8-mercaptoquinoline with molecular iodine. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 115:861-865. [PMID: 23892510 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.06.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of 8-mercaptoquinoline, which is a potential antithyroid drug toward molecular iodine was investigated. The ability of 8-mercaptoquinoline to form the outer-sphere charge-transfer complex C9H7NS·I2 with iodine molecular in dilute chloroform solution has been studied by UV/vis spectroscopy (lgβ=3.14). The crystal structure of the new salt 8-(quinoline-8-yldisulfonyl)quinolinium triiodide - product of irreversible oxidation of 8-mercaptoquinoline was determined by X-ray diffraction. Intramolecular hydrogen bond of N-H⋯N type is presented in the organic cation. The triiodide ion is the nearly centrosymmetrical anion. The 8-(quinoline-8-yldisulfanyl)quinolinium cations form dimers through π-π-stacking interaction between quinolinium rings. The reduced intramolecular interactions are observed between iodine - sulfur atoms and iodine-hydrogen atoms with shortened contacts (less of sum of van-der-waals contacts).
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