1
|
Nipate AB, Rajeswara Rao M. Solid-state red-emissive (cyano)vinylene heteroaromatics via Pd-catalysed C-H homocoupling. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:4123-4129. [PMID: 37129043 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00560g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Thiophene-based π-conjugated systems are important materials for organic electronics; thus, their synthesis is of topical interest. We report fluorescent thiophene/furan-based vinylene and cyanovinylene systems via Pd-catalysed homocoupling [Pd(OAc)2, pivalic acid, KOAc, DMAc, 140 °C]. The methodology is versatile and allows the development of a variety of π-conjugated systems without the need for pre-functionalized building units. The reaction tolerates electron-rich, electron-deficient and large π-conjugated substrates. The developed compounds absorb in the visible region (400-515 nm) and emit green to orange fluorescence in the solution state (510-600 nm). Most importantly, the compounds exhibit strong aggregation-induced emission (AIE) in the NIR region (λem = 650 nm), with quantum yields reaching up to 10%. Steric hindrance imparted by vinylene/cyanovinylene units is responsible for the strong solid-state luminescence. DFT-optimized structures reveal an apparent twist of 20-40° in the molecular backbone of the compounds, supporting the AIE behaviour of the compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atul B Nipate
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Dharwad, Dharwad-580011, Karnataka, India.
| | - M Rajeswara Rao
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Dharwad, Dharwad-580011, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nayak N, Arora K, Shirke S, Shriwardhankar S, Kumar A. An improved greener process for the direct C H:C H arylation polymerization of 3,4-Propylenedioxythiophene derivatives. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
3
|
Ye L, Thompson BC. Improving the efficiency and sustainability of catalysts for direct arylation polymerization (DArP). JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chua MH, Png ZM, Zhu Q, Xu J. Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers via Transition Metal Catalysed C-H Bond Activation. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2896-2919. [PMID: 34390547 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalysed C-H bond activation chemistry has emerged as an exciting and promising approach in organic synthesis. This allows us to synthesize a wider range of functional molecules and conjugated polymers in a more convenient and more atom economical way. The formation of C-C bonds in the construction of pi-conjugated systems, particularly for conjugated polymers, has benefited much from the advances in C-H bond activation chemistry. Compared to conventional transition-metal catalysed cross-coupling polymerization such as Suzuki and Stille cross-coupling, pre-functionalization of aromatic monomers, such as halogenation, borylation and stannylation, is no longer required for direct arylation polymerization (DArP), which involve C-H/C-X cross-coupling, and oxidative direct arylation polymerization (Ox-DArP), which involves C-H/C-H cross-coupling protocols driven by the activation of monomers' C(sp2 )-H bonds. Furthermore, poly(annulation) via C-H bond activation chemistry leads to the formation of unique pi-conjugated moieties as part of the polymeric backbone. This review thus summarises advances to date in the synthesis of conjugated polymers utilizing transition metal catalysed C-H bond activation chemistry. A variety of conjugated polymers via DArP including poly(thiophene), thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione)-containing, fluorenyl-containing, benzothiadiazole-containing and diketopyrrolopyrrole-containing copolymers, were summarized. Conjugated polymers obtained through Ox-DArP were outlined and compared. Furthermore, poly(annulation) using transition metal catalysed C-H bond activation chemistry was also reviewed. In the last part of this review, difficulties and perspective to make use of transition metal catalysed C-H activation polymerization to prepare conjugated polymers were discussed and commented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hui Chua
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhuang Mao Png
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han D, Li J, Zhang Q, He Z, Wu Z, Chu J, Lu Y. Synthesis of π-Conjugated Polymers Containing Benzotriazole Units via Palladium-Catalyzed Direct C-H Cross-Coupling Polycondensation for OLEDs Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:254. [PMID: 33466635 PMCID: PMC7828650 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Four D-π-A conjugated polymers, namely P1-P4, which contain benzotriazole building blocks in their backbone as acceptor, are synthesized via palladium-catalyzed direct C-H cross-coupling polycondensation of 5,6-difluorobenzotriazole with different thiophene derivatives, including 3-octylthiophene, 2,2'-bithiophene, thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine, and 4,4-dioctyl-4H-silolo-[3,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene as donor units, respectively. Taking the polymer P1 as an example, the chemical structure of the polymer is demonstrated by 1H and 19F NMR spectra. The optical, electrochemical, and thermal properties of these polymers are assessed by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. DFT simulations of all polymers are also performed to understand their physicochemical properties. Furthermore, P1 and P2, which have relatively higher molecular weights and better fluorescent quantum efficiency than those of P3 and P4, are utilized as lighting emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), affording promising green and red luminescence with 0.07% and 0.14% of maximum external quantum efficiency, respectively, based on a device with an architecture of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PTAA/the polymer emitting layer/TPBi/LiF/Al.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; (D.H.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Jingwen Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; (D.H.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; (D.H.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zewang He
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; (D.H.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; (D.H.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Jingting Chu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; (D.H.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; (D.H.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
- Key Laboratory of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li J, Han D, Zhang Q, He Z, Lu Y. Synthesis and properties of fluorinated
benzotriazole‐based donor‐acceptor‐type
conjugated polymers via
Pd‐catalyzed
direct
CH
/
CH
coupling polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin China
| | - Dong Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin China
| | - Zewang He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin China
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hayashi S. Flexible and Densely Packed π-Figuration System: Creating Elastic Organic Crystals of π-Conjugated Molecules. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Hayashi
- Research Center for Moleaular Design, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang XF, Tan H, Cui HL. FeCl 3 mediated dimerization of dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines and chlorination of tetrasubstituted pyrroles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:660-665. [PMID: 31894798 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02607j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a mild and direct dimerization of dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines through FeCl3-mediated oxidative homocoupling. A series of dimeric dihydropyrroloisoquinoline derivatives were obtained in acceptable to excellent yields (up to >99%). Attempts to expand this dimerization system to the synthesis of dimeric pyrroles failed and chlorination products were obtained in most cases instead of dimeric pyrroles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fei Jiang
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, PR China.
| | - Hao Tan
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, PR China.
| | - Hai-Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pankow RM, Thompson BC. Approaches for improving the sustainability of conjugated polymer synthesis using direct arylation polymerization (DArP). Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01534e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Emerging strategies to enhance the sustainability of Direct Arylation Polymerization (DArP) are discussed, illustrating the great potential of this method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Pankow
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Adamczak D, Komber H, Illy A, Scaccabarozzi AD, Caironi M, Sommer M. Indacenodithiophene Homopolymers via Direct Arylation: Direct Polycondensation versus Polymer Analogous Reaction Pathways. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Adamczak
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Illy
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Alberto D. Scaccabarozzi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Exploring the Utility of Buchwald Ligands for C-H Oxidative Direct Arylation Polymerizations. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:931-936. [PMID: 35619496 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling polymerizations provide an opportunity to synthesize conjugated polymers with an increased ease of monomer preparation, reduced environmental impact, and increased sustainability. Considering these attributes, it is necessary to expand the diversity of monomers that readily and efficiently participate in this coupling strategy to enable the development of conjugated polymers with a wide range of properties. Herein, the oxidative direct arylation polymerization toolbox is expanded to include 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene being synthesized via C-H/C-H cross-coupling methodologies. In conjunction with these efforts, the utilization of Buchwald ligands in C-H/C-H cross coupling polymerizations also is reported, and variations in the ligand structure provide insight into the role ligand choice has on C-H cross-coupling polymerizations. Specifically, it is determined that the phosphine functionality affects the rate-determining, concerted metalation-deprotonation step of the catalytic cycle, while bulky isopropyl substituents on the ligand's lower aryl ring promote reductive elimination. By balancing these steric effects on the ancillary ligands, polymers are synthesized to exhibit molecular weights above the effective conjugation length, with recovered yields >90%. In addition to expanding the scope of conjugated polymers accessible via oxidative direct arylation polymerization, these results provide the foundational understanding for utilizing Buchwald-type ligands in C-H-activated polymerizations.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang Y, Nishiura M, Wang H, Hou Z. Metal-catalyzed C H activation for polymer synthesis and functionalization. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
13
|
Deng L, Zhang Q, Zhao L, Lu Y. Direct C-H coupling polymerization of asymmetric monomer: Synthesis and properties of regioregular poly(alkyl thiophene-3-carboxylates). Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
14
|
Blaskovits JT, Leclerc M. CH Activation as a Shortcut to Conjugated Polymer Synthesis. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800512. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
15
|
Ouyang G, Wu H, Qiao X, Zhang J, Li H. Modulating Surface Morphology and Thin-Film Transistor Performance of Bi-thieno[3,4- c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-Based Polymer Semiconductor by Altering Preaggregation in Solution. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9290-9295. [PMID: 31459061 PMCID: PMC6644335 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to their strong intermolecular interactions, polymer semiconductors aggregate in solution even at elevated temperature. With the aim to study the effect of this kind preaggregation on the order of thin films and further transistor performance, bi-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione and fluorinated oligothiophene copolymerized polymer semiconductor P1, which shows strong temperature-dependent aggregation behavior in solution, is synthesized. Its films are deposited through a temperature-controlled dip-coating technique. X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy results reveal that the aggregation behavior of P1 in solution affects the microstructures and order of P1 films. The charge transport properties of P1 films are investigated with bottom-gate top-contacted thin-film transistors. The variation of device performance (from 0.014 to 1.03 cm2 V-1 s-1) demonstrates the importance of optimizing preaggregation degree. The correlation between preaggregation degree and transistor performance of P1 films is explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangcheng Ouyang
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional
Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- The
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongzhuo Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional
Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- The
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolan Qiao
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional
Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional
Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Synthesis of Highly Regioregular, Head-to-Tail Coupled Poly(3-octylesterthiophene) via C—H/C—H Coupling Polycondensation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
18
|
Aoki H, Saito H, Shimoyama Y, Kuwabara J, Yasuda T, Kanbara T. Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers Containing Octafluorobiphenylene Unit via Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative-Coupling Reaction. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:90-94. [PMID: 35610923 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polycondensation via Pd-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative-coupling reaction of 2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-octafluorobiphenyl with thiophene analogues was studied. The synthetic protocol, in which employment of prefunctionalized starting monomers was fully avoided, allowed straightforward access to an alternating π-conjugated polymer. The addition of K2CO3 to the catalytic system promotes the cross-coupling reaction and suppresses the undesired homocoupling reaction, producing the corresponding donor-acceptor type π-conjugated polymers with minor homocoupling defects. The reaction also proceeded using O2 as the terminal oxidant, resulting in lower loading of the Ag oxidant. The obtained polymer was evaluated as an emitting material for an organic light-emitting diode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Aoki
- Tsukuba
Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Saito
- Tsukuba
Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yuto Shimoyama
- Tsukuba
Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba
Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasuda
- Research
Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Tsukuba
Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang Q, Chang M, Lu Y, Sun Y, Li C, Yang X, Zhang M, Chen Y. A Direct C–H Coupling Method for Preparing π-Conjugated Functional Polymers with High Regioregularity. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Meijia Chang
- The Centre
of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional
Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry,
College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yanna Sun
- The Centre
of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional
Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry,
College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- The Centre
of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional
Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry,
College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xinlin Yang
- The Centre
of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional
Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry,
College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mingtao Zhang
- The Centre
of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional
Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry,
College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- The Centre
of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional
Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry,
College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Transition metal-mediated C-H bond activation and functionalization represent one of the most straightforward and powerful tools in modern organic synthetic chemistry. Bi(hetero)aryls are privileged π-conjugated structural cores in biologically active molecules, organic functional materials, ligands, and organic synthetic intermediates. The oxidative C-H/C-H coupling reactions between two (hetero)arenes through 2-fold C-H activation offer a valuable opportunity for rapid assembly of diverse bi(hetero)aryls and further exploitation of their applications in pharmaceutical and material sciences. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals and applications of transition metal-mediated/catalyzed oxidative C-H/C-H coupling reactions between two (hetero)arenes. The substrate scope, limitation, reaction mechanism, regioselectivity, and chemoselectivity, as well as related control strategies of these reactions are discussed. Additionally, the applications of these established methods in the synthesis of natural products and exploitation of new organic functional materials are exemplified. In the last section, a short introduction on oxidant- or Lewis acid-mediated oxidative Ar-H/Ar-H coupling reactions is presented, considering that it is a very powerful method for the construction of biaryl units and polycylic arenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jingbo Lan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gobalasingham NS, Pankow RM, Thompson BC. Synthesis of random poly(hexyl thiophene-3-carboxylate) copolymers via oxidative direct arylation polymerization (oxi-DArP). Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00181a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxi-DArP is utilized for the simple, mild, and atom economical synthesis of two families of random P3HET copolymers without any preactivation of the monomers, demonstrating the compatibility of this emerging synthetic method with copolymerizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nemal S. Gobalasingham
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Robert M. Pankow
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Guo Q, Wu D, You J. Oxidative Direct Arylation Polymerization Using Oxygen as the Sole Oxidant: Facile, Green Access to Bithiazole-Based Polymers. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:2765-2768. [PMID: 27553577 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The most appealing oxidant, molecular oxygen, is employed for the first time as the sole oxidant in the transition metal-catalyzed oxidative direct arylation polymerization (C-H/C-H-type DArP), which eliminates by-product formation of stoichiometric metal salts except for water . Compared to conventional approaches, other than the avoidance of an end-capping procedure, the current protocol is remarkably advanced in the aspect of eco-friendliness, step- and cost-economy, and, of special significance, the purity of polymer products. As illustrative examples, six 5,5'-bithiazole-based polymers are synthesized using this new method, demonstrating higher number-average molecular weight (Mn up to 33 700) in better yields (up to 93 %) through only one step. The evolution of C-H/C-H-type DArP from heavy metal salts to O2 alone as the oxidant could solve the problem of metal residues in polymers, which is considered harmful to the performance of devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
- College of Optoelectronic Technology, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
C-H activation reactions have allowed us to react traditionally chemically inert bonds in molecules to develop new methods for cross-coupling reactions. This type of reactivity can be applied to conjugated polymer materials in an effort to improve existing synthetic difficulties including harsh reaction conditions, multiple monomer functionalization steps, and organometallic reagent waste. In this Viewpoint, we highlight some of the encouraging advances in direct arylation polymerization (DArP) as well as ongoing challenges for future improvement and utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabin-Lucian Suraru
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
| | - Jason A. Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Christine K. Luscombe
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Guo Q, Jiang R, Wu D, You J. Rapid Access to 2,2′‐Bithiazole‐Based Copolymers via Sequential Palladium‐Catalyzed C–H/C–X and C–H/C–H Coupling Reactions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:794-8. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Ruyong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
HAYASHI S, KOIZUMI T. Synthesis of Small Band Gap Poly[Bis-EDOT-Isoindigo] via Direct Arylation and Oxidative Electropolymerization, and Its Optoelectronic Properties. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.84.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshio KOIZUMI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gobalasingham NS, Noh S, Thompson BC. Palladium-catalyzed oxidative direct arylation polymerization (Oxi-DArP) of an ester-functionalized thiophene. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01973g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed dehydrogenative polycondensation is reported, resulting in high quality polymers from an unsymmetrical ester-containing monomer without preactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nemal S. Gobalasingham
- Department of Chemistry and the Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Sangtaik Noh
- Department of Chemistry and the Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and the Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Saito H, Kuwabara J, Yasuda T, Kanbara T. Synthesis of pyrrole-based poly(arylenevinylene)s via Rh-catalyzed dehydrogenative direct alkenylation. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
28
|
Zhang Q, Li Y, Lu Y, Zhang H, Li M, Yang Y, Wang J, Chen Y, Li C. Pd-catalysed oxidative C–H/C–H coupling polymerization for polythiazole-based derivatives. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
29
|
Iizuka E, Wakioka M, Ozawa F. Mixed-Ligand Approach to Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation Polymerization: Synthesis of Donor–Acceptor Polymers with Dithienosilole (DTS) and Thienopyrroledione (TPD) Units. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Iizuka
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS),
Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masayuki Wakioka
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS),
Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Ozawa
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS),
Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- ACT-C, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|