1
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Huang L, Wang Q, Fu P, Sun Y, Xu J, Browne DL, Huang J. Extended Quinolizinium-Fused Corannulene Derivatives: Synthesis and Properties. JACS AU 2024; 4:1623-1631. [PMID: 38665663 PMCID: PMC11040561 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Reported here is the design and synthesis of a novel class of extended quinolizinium-fused corannulene derivatives with curved geometry. These intriguing molecules were synthesized through a rationally designed synthetic strategy, utilizing double Skraup-Doebner-Von Miller quinoline synthesis and a rhodium-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation (CHAA) as the key steps. Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed a bowl depth of 1.28-1.50 Å and a unique "windmill-like" shape packing of 12a(2PF6-) due to the curvature and incorporation of two aminium ions. All of the newly reported curved salts exhibit green to orange fluorescence with enhanced quantum yields (Φf = 9-13%) and improved dispersibility compared to the pristine corannulene (Φf = 1%). The reduced optical energy gap and lower energy frontier orbital found by doping extended corannulene systems with nitrogen cations was investigated by UV-vis, fluorescence, and theoretical calculations. Electrochemical measurements reveal a greater electron-accepting behavior compared with that of their pyridine analogues. The successful synthesis, isolation, and evaluation of these curved salts provide a fresh perspective and opportunity for the design of cationic nitrogen-doped curved aromatic hydrocarbon-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- National
Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science
Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Peng Fu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhu Sun
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL), 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London WC1N
1AX, U.K.
| | - Jianhui Huang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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2
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Báti G, Laxmi S, Stuparu MC. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Corannulene: Scalable and Efficient Preparation of A Curved Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon under Ball Milling Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202301087. [PMID: 37581302 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Corannulene, a curved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is prepared in a multigram scale through mechanochemical synthesis. Initially, a mixer mill approach is examined and found to be suitable for a gram scale synthesis. For larger scales, planetary mills are used. For instance, 15 g of corannulene could be obtained in a single milling cycle with an isolated yield of 90 %. The yields are lower when the jar rotation rate is lower or higher than 400 revolutions per minute (rpm). Cumulatively, 98 g of corannulene is produced through the ball milling-based grinding techniques. These results indicate the future potential of mechanochemistry in the rational chemical synthesis of highly curved nanocarbons such as fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Báti
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shoba Laxmi
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mihaiela C Stuparu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Fan D, Du J, Dang J, Wang C, Mo Y. The strength and selectivity of perfluorinated nano-hoops and buckybowls for anion binding and the nature of anion-π interactions. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:138-148. [PMID: 35147229 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorinated cycloparaphenylenes (F-[n]CPP, n = 5-8), boron nitride nanohoop (F-[5]BNNH), and buckybowls (F-BBs) were proposed as anion receptors via anion-π interactions with halide anions (Cl- , Br- and I- ), and remarkable binding strengths up to -294.8 kJ/mol were computationally verified. The energy decomposition approach based on the block-localized wavefunction method, which combines the computational efficiency of molecular orbital theory and the chemical intuition of ab initio valence bond theory, was applied to the above anion-π complexes, in order to elucidate the nature and selectivity of these interactions. The overall attraction is mainly governed by the frozen energy component, in which the electrostatic interaction is included. Remarkable binding strengths with F-[n]CPPs can be attributed to the accumulated anion-π interactions between the anion and each conjugated ring on the hoop, while for F-BBs, additional stability results from the curved frameworks, which distribute electron densities unequally on π-faces. Interestingly, the strongest host was proved to be the F-[5]BNNH, which exhibits the most significant anisotropy of the electrostatic potential surface due to the difference in the electronegativities of nitrogen and boron. The selectivity of each host for anions was explored and the importance of the often-overlooked Pauli exchange repulsion was illustrated. Chloride anion turns out to be the most favorable anion for all receptors, due to the smallest ionic radius and the weakest destabilizing Pauli exchange repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Fan
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Du
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingshuang Dang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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4
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Báti G, Csókás D, Giurgi GI, Zhou J, Szolga LA, Webster RD, Stuparu MC. Non-Fullerene Electron Acceptors Based on Hybridisation of Corannulene and Thiophene-S,S-Dioxide Motifs. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203856. [PMID: 36598176 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein we show that hybridisation of buckybowl corannulene and thiophene-S,S-dioxide motifs is a general approach for the preparation of high electron affinity molecular materials. The devised synthesis is modular and relies on thienannulation of corannnulene-based phenylacetylene scaffolds. The final compounds are highly soluble in common organic solvents. These compounds also exhibit interesting optical properties such as absorption and emission in the blue/green regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Importantly, a bis-S,S-dioxide derivative exhibits three reversible reductions similar in their strength to the prevalent fullerene-based electron acceptor phenyl-C61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC61 BM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Báti
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21-Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dániel Csókás
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gavril-Ionel Giurgi
- Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and SOOMCC, Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos str., 400028, Cluj-Napoca, România.,Optoelectronics Group, Basis of Electronics Department, ETTI, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului str, Cluj-Napoca, 400114, România
| | - Jingsong Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21-Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lorant A Szolga
- Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and SOOMCC, Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos str., 400028, Cluj-Napoca, România.,Optoelectronics Group, Basis of Electronics Department, ETTI, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului str, Cluj-Napoca, 400114, România
| | - Richard D Webster
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21-Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mihaiela C Stuparu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21-Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Sacristán-Martín A, Miguel D, Diez-Varga A, Barbero H, Álvarez CM. From Induced-Fit Assemblies to Ternary Inclusion Complexes with Fullerenes in Corannulene-Based Molecular Tweezers. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16691-16706. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Sacristán-Martín
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E47011, Spain
| | - Daniel Miguel
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E47011, Spain
| | - Alberto Diez-Varga
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E47011, Spain
| | - Héctor Barbero
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E47011, Spain
| | - Celedonio M. Álvarez
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E47011, Spain
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6
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Kise K, Ooi S, Saito H, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Five‐Fold Symmetric Pentaindolo‐ and Pentakis(benzoindolo)Corannulenes: Unique Structural Dynamics Derived from the Combination of Helical and Bowl Inversions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hayate Saito
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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7
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Park S, Ryu S, Ho D, Chae W, Earmme T, Kim C, Seo S. Novel benzo[ b]thieno[2,3- d]thiophene derivatives with an additional alkyl-thiophene core: synthesis, characterization, and p-type thin film transistor performance. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01635d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Newly synthesized benzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]thiophene derivatives were employed as active layers of organic field effect transistors, and these transistors showed decent electrical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Soomin Ryu
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Dongil Ho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Wookil Chae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, 94 Wausan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeshik Earmme
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, 94 Wausan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Choongik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - SungYong Seo
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
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8
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Kise K, Ooi S, Saito H, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Five-Fold Symmetric Pentaindolo- and Pentakis(benzoindolo)Corannulenes: Unique Structural Dynamics Derived from the Combination of Helical and Bowl Inversions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112589. [PMID: 34738305 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Peripherally π-extended corannulenes bearing quintuple azahelicene units, 10 and 11, were prepared and their dynamic behaviors were studied experimentally and theoretically. The fused corannulenes were synthesized from sym-pentabromocorannulene in three steps. X-Ray diffraction analysis for 10 displayed a conformer possessing a P(M) bowl chirality and a PPMPM (PMPMM) helical chirality, which was found to be the most stable conformer(s). Variable-temperature NMR measurements of 10 and 11 revealed that their structural isomers can be interconvertible in solution, depending on the steric congestion around the helical scaffolds. Automated search for conformers in the equilibrium and transition states by Artificial Force Induced Reaction (AFIR) method revealed their interconversion networks, including bowl-inversion and helical-inversion. This analysis indicated that the co-existing corannulene and azahelicene moieties influence the conformational dynamics, which leads to mitigation of the activation energy barriers for isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hayate Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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9
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Nazir R, Yaqoob J, Khan MU, Gilani MA, Alvi MU, Hussain R, Mustafa G, Alam MM, Imran M. An effective strategy for tuning nonlinear optical response of N-atom functionalized corannulene by alkali metals doping: First theoretical insight. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Ibrahim D, Boulet P, Gros PC, Pierrat P. Efficient Access to Arylated Aza‐ullazines by Regioselective Functionalization of their Pyridine Ring by H−Li Exchange and Electrophilic Substitution. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pascal Boulet
- Institut Jean Lamour UMR 7198 CNRS Université de Lorraine, Campus Artem 2 allée André Guinier, BP 50840 54011 Nancy Cedex France
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11
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Akahori S, Sasamori T, Shinokubo H, Miyake Y. Quadruply BN-Fused Tetrathia[8]circulenes with Flexible Frameworks: Synthesis, Structures and Properties. Chemistry 2021; 27:8178-8184. [PMID: 33822395 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Quadruply BN-fused tetrathia[8]circulenes were synthesized through four-fold electrophilic borylation. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the BN-fused tetrathia[8]circulene with peripheral phenyl groups exhibits crystal polymorphism, in which the circulene core adopts both planar and saddle conformations in the solid state. The experimental and theoretical studies revealed that the weaker aromaticity of azaborine compared with benzene renders the flexibility of the BN-fused tetrathia[8]circulenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Akahori
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan)
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan)
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan)
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12
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Kise K, Ooi S, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Five‐fold‐symmetric Pentabromo‐ and Pentaiodo‐corannulenes: Useful Precursors of Heteroatom‐substituted Corannulenes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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13
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Tian X, Chaiworn S, Xu J, Vanthuyne N, Baldridge KK, Siegel JS. Thiophene fused indenocorannulenes: synthesis, variable emission, and exceptional chiral configurational stability. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00596k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Graph theory and isosteric replacement leads to the design and synthesis of (chiral) thiophene-fused indenocorannulenes with exceptional configurational stability and possible use as chiral catalysts, chiroptical materials, and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Tian
- Health Science Platform
- Tianjin University
- Nankai District
- China
| | | | - Jun Xu
- Health Science Platform
- Tianjin University
- Nankai District
- China
| | | | | | - Jay S. Siegel
- Health Science Platform
- Tianjin University
- Nankai District
- China
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14
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Xu Q, Wang C, He J, Li X, Wang Y, Chen X, Sun D, Jiang H. Corannulene-based nanographene containing helical motifs. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00366f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and structural analyses of corannulene-PAH hybrids 1 with a [4] helicene subunit and 2 with a [7] helicene subunit have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Chu Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Jing He
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
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15
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Barát V, Stuparu MC. Corannulene Chalcogenides. Chem Asian J 2020; 16:20-29. [PMID: 33085173 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of chalcogen atoms into a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon structure is an established method to tune material properties. In the context of corannulene (C20 H10 ), a fragment of fullerene C60 , such structural adjustments have given rise to an emerging class of functional and responsive molecular materials. In this minireview, our aim is to discuss the synthesis and properties of such chalcogen (sulfur, selenium, and tellurium) derivatives of corannulene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Barát
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 21-Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Mihaiela C Stuparu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 21-Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
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16
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Jagarapu R, Maddala S, Mahto I, Venkatakrishnan P. Behaviour of Regioisomeric Bithiophenes in the Oxidative Synthesis of Tetrathieno‐Fused π‐Expanded Fluorenes and Their Characterization. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna Jagarapu
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sudhakar Maddala
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Indrajit Mahto
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu India
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17
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Biglari Z, Rezaei H. Investigation into molecular properties of pristine corannulene and its analogs with B/N-doping at hub location. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.113002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Xu Q, Wang C, Zhao Y, Zheng D, Shao C, Guo W, Deng X, Wang Y, Chen X, Zhu J, Jiang H. Tuning the Properties of Corannulene-Based Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Varying the Fusing Positions of Corannulene. Org Lett 2020; 22:7397-7402. [PMID: 32902287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The selective fusions with pyrene derivative to the rim and flank bonds of corannulene generated 4 and 7, respectively, which underwent a Scholl reaction to provide novel distorted PAHs CORA-1 and CORA-2, consisting of corannulene and dibenzocoronene units with different connections between them. The studies revealed that the properties of these PAHs are highly dependent on the fusing positions of corannulene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyuan Shao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Guo
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebin Deng
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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19
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Elbert SM, Haidisch A, Kirschbaum T, Rominger F, Zschieschang U, Klauk H, Mastalerz M. 2,7,11,16-Tetra-tert-Butyl Tetraindenopyrene Revisited by an "Inverse" Synthetic Approach. Chemistry 2020; 26:10585-10590. [PMID: 32314830 PMCID: PMC7496754 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new synthetic route to tetraindenopyrene (TIP)—a bowl‐shaped cut‐out structure of C70—is reported. The key step in this approach is a fourfold palladium‐catalyzed C−H activation that increases the yield more than 50 times in comparison to the approach originally described by Scott and co‐workers. Besides examination of its optoelectronic properties and study of its aggregation in solution, TIP was also re‐investigated by dispersion‐corrected DFT methods, which showed that dispersion interactions significantly increase the bowl‐to‐bowl inversion barrier. Furthermore, TIP was used as a semiconductor in p‐channel thin‐film transistors (TFTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven M Elbert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anika Haidisch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kirschbaum
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Zschieschang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hagen Klauk
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Song YD, Wang QT, Ni Q. Designing a novel material with considerable nonlinear optical responses based on the bicorannulenyl molecule. J Mol Model 2020; 26:201. [PMID: 32638149 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a series of molecules decorated with Li atom and donor/acceptor have been theoretically designed based on bicorannulenyl molecule, where incorporating Li and different substitution are used as an effective strategy for enhancing nonlinear optical response. The mixed method is constructed through incorporating the Li and NO2/NH2 substitution. To ensure accuracy, results were compared with another two functionals. As expected, data from three different functional approximations indicate that these molecules have large first hyperpolarizability. The calculation proves that these molecules exhibit large first hyperpolarizability in the range of 1956-37,758 au. For Li doped systems, by analyzing NBO, charge transfer occurs in studied molecules, which helps to get large nonlinear optical response. It is revealed that when Li atom is introduced into the molecule with only NO2/NH2 substitution, the first hyperpolarizability increases significantly. Compared with Li doped and NO2 substitution, incorporating Li and NH2 substitution can be more powerful in increasing the first hyperpolarizabilities of bicorannulenyl molecule. In addition, the number of NH2 substitutions can more effectively enhance the first hyperpolarizability. We hope that this study could provide a new idea for designing nonlinear optical materials using bicorannulenyl molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Dong Song
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350118, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian-Ting Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350118, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Ni
- Rockchip, No.18 Building, A District, Fuzhou Software Park, Fuzhou, 350118, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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21
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Gao G, Chen M, Roberts J, Feng M, Xiao C, Zhang G, Parkin S, Risko C, Zhang L. Rational Functionalization of a C70 Buckybowl To Enable a C70:Buckybowl Cocrystal for Organic Semiconductor Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2460-2470. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Josiah Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40511-0055, United States
| | | | | | | | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Chad Risko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40511-0055, United States
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22
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Xie F, Finney NS. Synthesis and optical properties of mono- and diaminocorannulenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10525-10528. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03853a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple synthesis of aminocorannulenes leads to the discovery of surprising properties: tunable visible emission; solid-state fluorescence; water-soluble fluorescent corannulenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology
- Health Sciences Platform
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Nathaniel S. Finney
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology
- Health Sciences Platform
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
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23
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Wen X, Lin Y, Huang Z, Diao M, Zhao W, Dai J, Xing L, Zhu H, Peng Z, Liu D, Wu K. Long-Range Ordered Structures of Corannulene Governed by Electrostatic Repulsion and Surface-State Mediation. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6800-6806. [PMID: 31618041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption and assembly of sub-monolayered bowl-shaped corannulene (COR) on Cu(111) and Ag(111) are investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Three COR configurations, namely, up, down, and tilted ones, are formed on Cu(111), as unraveled by high-resolution STM images. It is also experimentally revealed that monodispersed, hexagonal, and evenly spaced stripe patterns develop on both Cu(111) and Ag(111). A quantitative evaluation of the long-range intermolecular interaction on Cu(111) mediated by electrostatic repulsion and surface-state mediation is presented. At 0.05 monolayer (ML), the long-range monodispersed pattern is mainly induced by electrostatic interaction. At 0.24 and 0.47 ML, however, surface-state mediation plays a dominant role, and the electrostatic interaction is leveled due to the identical static environment for each molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wen
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Yuxuan Lin
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Zhichao Huang
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Mengxiao Diao
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jingxin Dai
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Lingbo Xing
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Hao Zhu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Zhantao Peng
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Dan Liu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Kai Wu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
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24
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25
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Haupt A, Lentz D. Corannulenes with Electron-Withdrawing Substituents: Synthetic Approaches and Resulting Structural and Electronic Properties. Chemistry 2018; 25:3440-3454. [PMID: 30238526 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Corannulene is a multifaceted polyaromatic compound. It has many interesting properties; for example, it has a bowl-shaped molecular structure that, in addition, undergoes a dynamic inversion process. It has attracted much attention within the last decades. This is not only due to its structural properties but also its electronic properties and its various potential applications to materials chemistry. Here, synthetic approaches towards corannulene derivatives with electron-withdrawing substituents are summarized. This includes both selective and unselective methods. Further, the electrochemical properties, that is, the reduction potentials, are analyzed and compared. As a main conclusion, one can state that the electron affinity depends roughly linearly on the number of substituents. Finally, the structural behavior of the substituted buckybowls in the solid state is highlighted. This also allows a general statement about the influence of the electronic and steric nature of substituents on the molecular structures and the solid-state packing of the corannulene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Haupt
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Lentz
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Saha M, Bao YH, Zhou C. A Diindole-fused Corannulene Imide Derivative: Synthesis and Properties. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mithu Saha
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Hua Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Cen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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27
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Haupt A, Walter R, Loll B, Lentz D. Tetracyanocorannulene - an Easily Accessible and Strongly Electron-Deficient Compound. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Haupt
- Freie Universität Berlin; Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie; Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Fabeckstraße 4-36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Ruben Walter
- Freie Universität Berlin; Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie; Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Fabeckstraße 4-36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Bernhard Loll
- Freie Universität Berlin; Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie; Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Takustraße 6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Dieter Lentz
- Freie Universität Berlin; Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie; Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Fabeckstraße 4-36 14195 Berlin Germany
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28
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Nakatsuka S, Yasuda N, Hatakeyama T. Four-Step Synthesis of B2N2-Embedded Corannulene. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13562-13565. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Nakatsuka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
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29
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Nestoros E, Stuparu MC. Corannulene: a molecular bowl of carbon with multifaceted properties and diverse applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6503-6519. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02179a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry, properties and applications of corannulene are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Nestoros
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, and School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371-Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Mihaiela C. Stuparu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, and School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371-Singapore
- Singapore
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30
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Mishra A, Ulaganathan M, Edison E, Borah P, Mishra A, Sreejith S, Madhavi S, Stuparu MC. Polymeric Nanomaterials Based on the Buckybowl Motif: Synthesis through Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization and Energy Storage Applications. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:1212-1216. [PMID: 35650797 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of buckybowl corannulene-based oxa-norbornadiene monomer is shown to give rise to polymeric nanomaterials with an average pore size of about 1.4 nm and a surface area of 49.2 m2/g. Application in supercapacitor devices show that the corannulene-based nanomaterials exhibit a specific capacitance of 134 F·g-1 (1.0 V voltage window) in a three-electrode cell configuration. Moreover, the electrode assembled from these materials in a symmetric configuration (1.6 V voltage window) exhibits long-term cyclability of 90% capacitance retention after undergoing 10000 cycles. This work demonstrates that ROMP is a valuable method in synthesizing nanostructured corannulene polymers, and that materials based on the nonplanar polycyclic aromatic motif represents an attractive active component for fabrication of devices targeted at electrochemical energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Mishra
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Mani Ulaganathan
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Eldho Edison
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Parijat Borah
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033-Japan
| | - Abhinay Mishra
- School
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Sivaramapanicker Sreejith
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Srinivasan Madhavi
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Mihaiela C. Stuparu
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
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31
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Shoyama K, Schmidt D, Mahl M, Würthner F. Electron-Poor Bowl-Shaped Polycyclic Aromatic Dicarboximides: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Optical and Redox Properties. Org Lett 2017; 19:5328-5331. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Schmidt
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center
for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Magnus Mahl
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center
for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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32
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Mahadevegowda S, Stuparu MC. Amphiphilic Corannulene Derivatives: Synthetic Access and Development of a Structure/Property Relationship in Thermoresponsive Buckybowl Amphiphiles. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:4964-4971. [PMID: 31457774 PMCID: PMC6641966 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Eight new derivatives of corannulene have been synthesized, characterized, and examined for their water solubility and thermally triggered assembly behavior. To achieve this, the hydrophobic corannulene core was attached to the hydrophilic polyethylene glycol arm(s). Here, the substitution pattern as well as the arm length was varied systematically. Furthermore, the hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio was adjusted by incorporating a phenyl ring at the junction point of the two moieties. A properties study revealed that a proper balance among the number, length, and chemical nature of the arm was required to ensure water solubility and thermoresponsive character. Remarkably, the lower critical solution temperature could be modulated within the range of 30-50 °C simply through adjusting the molecular structure of the assembling building block. This work, therefore, demonstrates synthetic feasibility of a wide range of amphiphilic corannulene derivatives and opportunity for modulation of their thermoresponsive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra
H. Mahadevegowda
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21-Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Mihaiela C. Stuparu
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21-Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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33
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Bachawala P, Ratterman T, Kaval N, Mack J. Understanding the optical effects of substituting on the 1,8 and 1,5 positions of corannulene. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Synthesis of Rationally Halogenated Buckybowls by Chemoselective Aromatic C−F Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4834-4838. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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35
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Papaianina O, Akhmetov VA, Goryunkov AA, Hampel F, Heinemann FW, Amsharov KY. Synthesis of Rationally Halogenated Buckybowls by Chemoselective Aromatic C−F Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Papaianina
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Vladimir A. Akhmetov
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie Gory, 1-3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Alexey A. Goryunkov
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie Gory, 1-3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank W. Heinemann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Konstantin Y. Amsharov
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
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36
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Li J, Terec A, Wang Y, Joshi H, Lu Y, Sun H, Stuparu MC. π-Conjugated Discrete Oligomers Containing Planar and Nonplanar Aromatic Motifs. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3089-3094. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anamaria Terec
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany
Janos, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania
| | | | | | | | | | - Mihaiela C. Stuparu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra H. Mahadevegowda
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Mihaiela C. Stuparu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore Singapore
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38
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Fu B, Hou X, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhang X, Li R, Shao X, Hu W. A bowl-shaped sumanene derivative with dense convex–concave columnar packing for high-performance organic field-effect transistors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11407-11409. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05889f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The charge carrier mobility of a sumanene derivative was probed using single-crystal field-effect transistors for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Fu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xueqing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Cong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Rongjin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin
- China
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Liu YM, Xia D, Li BW, Zhang QY, Sakurai T, Tan YZ, Seki S, Xie SY, Zheng LS. Functional Sulfur-Doped Buckybowls and Their Concave-Convex Supramolecular Assembly with Fullerenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Dan Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Bo-Wei Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Qian-Yan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Tsuneaki Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
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Liu YM, Xia D, Li BW, Zhang QY, Sakurai T, Tan YZ, Seki S, Xie SY, Zheng LS. Functional Sulfur-Doped Buckybowls and Their Concave-Convex Supramolecular Assembly with Fullerenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13047-13051. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Dan Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Bo-Wei Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Qian-Yan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Tsuneaki Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
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Chen R, Lu RQ, Shi PC, Cao XY. Corannulene derivatives for organic electronics: From molecular engineering to applications. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Stępień M, Gońka E, Żyła M, Sprutta N. Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds: Synthetic Routes, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3479-3716. [PMID: 27258218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 878] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensionally extended, polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules (heterocyclic nanographenes) are a highly versatile class of organic materials, applicable as functional chromophores and organic semiconductors. In this Review, we discuss the rich chemistry of large heteroaromatics, focusing on their synthesis, electronic properties, and applications in materials science. This Review summarizes the historical development and current state of the art in this rapidly expanding field of research, which has become one of the key exploration areas of modern heterocyclic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Gońka
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marika Żyła
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natasza Sprutta
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Zhang G, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Fused π-Extended Truxenes via a Threefold Borylation as the Key Step. Chemistry 2016; 22:3084-93. [PMID: 26833764 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of a threefold borylated truxene, which is accessible in high yields by iridium-catalyzed borylation under CH-activation, fused π-extended truxenes have been synthesized by a two-step method of first Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction and subsequent condensation reaction. The mild condensation method tolerates the presence of a variety of functional groups, such as nitro, fluoro, or carboxyl moieties. Furthermore, by using this approach, N- and S-heteroarene analogues become accessible for the first time, as well as larger structures that represent derivatives of precursors for fullerene C60 or buckybowls. The attached tert-butyl groups make all derivatives sufficiently soluble to allow full spectroscopic and electrochemical investigations. Postfunctionalization of selected derivatives for further synthetic applications of the compounds is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Bhattacharyya K, Mukhopadhyay TK, Datta A. Controlling electronic effects and intermolecular packing in contorted polyaromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs): towards high mobility field effect transistors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:14886-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02387h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Classical MD simulations followed by DFT calculations for computationally screened contorted polyaromatic hydrocarbons reveal encouraging OFET potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ayan Datta
- Department of Spectroscopy
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- 700032 India
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46
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Rajeshkumar V, Stuparu MC. A photochemical approach to aromatic extension of the corannulene nucleus. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9957-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04910a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated aromatic units of choice can be fused to corannulene in an efficient manner through a photo-induced oxidative cyclization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatachalam Rajeshkumar
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Mihaiela C. Stuparu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
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Karunathilake AAK, Thompson CM, Perananthan S, Ferraris JP, Smaldone RA. Electrochemically active porous organic polymers based on corannulene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12881-12884. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07421a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, porous organic polymers (POPs) based on the smallest buckybowl, corannulene (BB-POPs) have been synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John P. Ferraris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The University of Texas
- Texas
- USA
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Rajeshkumar V, Lee YT, Stuparu MC. Corannulenecarbaldehyde: High-Yielding Synthesis by Rieche Formylation and Facile Access to a Variety of Corannulene Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Nielsen CB, Holliday S, Chen HY, Cryer SJ, McCulloch I. Non-fullerene electron acceptors for use in organic solar cells. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:2803-12. [PMID: 26505279 PMCID: PMC4652276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The active
layer in a solution processed organic photovoltaic device
comprises a light absorbing electron donor semiconductor, typically
a polymer, and an electron accepting fullerene acceptor. Although
there has been huge effort targeted to optimize the absorbing, energetic,
and transport properties of the donor material, fullerenes remain
as the exclusive electron acceptor in all high performance devices.
Very recently, some new non-fullerene acceptors have been demonstrated
to outperform fullerenes in comparative devices. This Account describes
this progress, discussing molecular design considerations and the
structure–property relationships that are emerging. The
motivation to replace fullerene acceptors stems from their
synthetic inflexibility, leading to constraints in manipulating frontier
energy levels, as well as poor absorption in the solar spectrum range,
and an inherent tendency to undergo postfabrication crystallization,
resulting in device instability. New acceptors have to address these
limitations, providing tunable absorption with high extinction coefficients,
thus contributing to device photocurrent. The ability to vary and
optimize the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level
for a specific donor polymer is also an important requirement, ensuring
minimal energy loss on electron transfer and as high an internal voltage
as possible. Initially perylene diimide acceptors were evaluated as
promising acceptor materials. These electron deficient aromatic molecules
can exhibit good electron transport, facilitated by close packed herringbone
crystal motifs, and their energy levels can be synthetically tuned.
The principal drawback of this class of materials, their tendency
to crystallize on too large a length scale for an optimal heterojunction
nanostructure, has been shown to be overcome through introduction
of conformation twisting through steric effects. This has been primarily
achieved by coupling two units together, forming dimers with a large
intramolecular twist, which suppresses both nucleation and crystal
growth. The generic design concept of rotationally symmetrical aromatic
small molecules with extended π orbital delocalization, including
polyaromatic hydrocarbons, phthalocyanines, etc., has also provided
some excellent small molecule acceptors. In most cases, additional
electron withdrawing functionality, such as imide or ester groups,
can be incorporated to stabilize the LUMO and improve properties.
New calamitic acceptors have been developed, where molecular orbital
hybridization of electron rich and poor segments can be judiciously
employed to precisely control energy levels. Conformation and intermolecular
associations can be controlled by peripheral functionalization leading
to optimization of crystallization length scales. In particular, the
use of rhodanine end groups, coupled electronically through short
bridged aromatic chains, has been a successful strategy, with promising
device efficiencies attributed to high lying LUMO energy levels and
subsequently large open circuit voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Holliday
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hung-Yang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel J. Cryer
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955−6900, Saudi Arabia
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