1
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Wang J, Ye Q. Borirenes and Boriranes: Development and Perspectives. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303695. [PMID: 38085103 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
Strained compounds constitute a highly topical area of research in chemistry. Borirene and borirane both feature a BC2 three-membered ring. They can be viewed as the structural analogues of cyclopropane and cyclopropene, where a CH2 unit of the carbonaceous counterparts is replaced with BH, respectively. Indeed, this structural variation introduces numerous intriguing aspects. For instance, borirane and borirene are both Lewis acidic due to the presence of a tricoordinate borane center. In addition, borirene is 2π aromatic according to Hückel's rule. In addition to their ability to form adducts with Lewis bases and the capacity of borirenes to act as ligands in coordination with metals, both borirenes and boriranes exhibit ring-opening reactivity due to the considerable ring strain. Under specific conditions, coordinated boriranes can even cleave two BC bonds to serve as formal borylene sources (although the reaction mechanisms are quite complex). On the other hand, recent successful syntheses of benzoborienes and their carborane-based three-dimensional analogues (also referred to as carborane-fused boriranes) have introduced novel perspectives to this field. For instance, they display excellent ring-expanding reactivity, possibly attributed to the boosted ring strain arising from the fusion of borirenes with benzene and boriranes with o-carborane. Importantly, their applications as valuable "BC2 " synthons have become increasingly evident along with the newly disclosed reactivity. Additionally, the boosted Lewis acidity of carborane-fused boriranes, thanks to the potent electron-withdrawing effect of o-carborane, combined with their readiness for ring enlargement, makes them promising candidates as electron-accepting building blocks in the construction of chemically responsive luminescent materials. This review provides a summary of the synthesis and reactivity of borirene and borirane derivatives, with the aim of encouraging the design of new borierene- and borirane-based molecules and inspiring further exploration of their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Wang
- Department of chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Qing Ye
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry& Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Ghosh S, Bhardwaj A, Mondal B. Revisiting the electronic structure of N 2-bound cAAC-borylene at the CASSCF level: a detailed bonding picture of borylene-N 2 interaction. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12517-12525. [PMID: 37606083 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01155k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
A base-trapped borylene species featuring a cyclic-(alkyl)(amino)carbene (cAAC) has shown unique bonding interactions with dinitrogen, thereby, opening a new avenue for N2 activation by main-group compounds. The detailed electronic structure and qualitative bonding picture between cAAC-trapped borylene and N2 remain to be fully understood. This work presents a multiconfigurational complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF)-based electronic structure investigation on the N2-bound cAAC-borylene species (1) isolated by Braunschweig et al. Specifically, the synergistic bonding between the borylene units and N2 involving the donation from the N-N σ to the unoccupied orbital of borylene and back-donation from the occupied orbital of borylene to the N-N π* has been unequivocally established using CASSCF-derived natural orbitals and electronic configuration. Bonding interactions between the HOMO of the borylene units and the N-N π* (HOMOcAAC-B + π*NN) and the LUMO of the borylene units and the N-N σ (LUMOcAAC-B + σNN) in 1 were apparent through the CASSCF-derived natural orbitals. The unique bonding of the B-N-N-B core in 1 and the resulting geometry have also been compared with the M-N-N-M core of a prototypical transition metal(M)-N2 complex. Finally, the change in the electronic structure and geometry of the N2-bound borylene species 1 on two-electron reduction has been investigated in the context of N2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susovon Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India.
| | - Akhil Bhardwaj
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India.
| | - Bhaskar Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India.
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3
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Wei Y, Wang J, Yang W, Lin Z, Ye Q. Boosting Ring Strain and Lewis Acidity of Borirane: Synthesis, Reactivity and Density Functional Theory Studies of an Uncoordinated Arylborirane Fused to o-Carborane. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203265. [PMID: 36278311 PMCID: PMC10107145 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Among the parent borirane, benzoborirene and ortho-dicarbadodecaborane-fused borirane, the latter possesses the highest ring strain and the highest Lewis acidity according to our density functional theory (DFT) studies. The synthesis of this class of compounds is thus considerably challenging. The existing examples require either a strong π-donating group or an extra ligand for B-coordination, which nevertheless suppresses or completely turns off the Lewis acidity. The title compound, which possesses both features, not only allows the 1,2-insertion of P=O, C=O or C≡N to proceed under milder conditions, but also enables the heretofore unknown dearomative 1,4-insertion of Ar-(C=O)- into a B-C bond. The fusion of strained molecular systems to an o-carborane cage shows great promise for boosting both the ring strain and acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen (P. R., China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen (P. R., China.,Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Weiguang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen (P. R., China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen (P. R., China.,Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry& Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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4
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Tulyabaeva LI, Salakhutdinov RR, Tyumkina TV, Tulyabaev AR, Dzhemilev UM. First Synthesis of a New Class of Spiro-boracarbocycles by Cp2TiCl2-Catalyzed Cycloboration of Methylidenecycloalkanes with PhBCl2. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042802212020x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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5
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Han J, Li Q, Wei R, Ruiz DA, Liu LL, Tung C, Kong L. Crystalline Neutral Diboron Analogues of Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117053. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Jixing Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Qianli Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - David A. Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Lingbing Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
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6
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Han J, Li Q, Wei R, Ruiz DA, Liu LL, Tung CH, Kong L. Crystalline Neutral Diboron Analogues of Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Shandong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Jixing Han
- Shandong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Qianli Li
- Liaocheng University Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Rui Wei
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - David A Ruiz
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Shandong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Lingbing Kong
- Shandong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 27 Shanda Nanlu 250100 Jinan CHINA
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7
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Wang H, Zhang J, Xie Z. Ring-opening and ring-expansion reactions of carborane-fused borirane. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13187-13192. [PMID: 34745550 PMCID: PMC8513813 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04453b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Though the reaction chemistry of three-membered ring molecules such as cyclopropanes and their heteroatom-containing analogues has been extensively studied, the chemical properties of their boron analogues, boriranes, are little known thus far. This work describes the diverse reactivity patterns of carborane-fused borirane 2. This borirane engages in ring-opening reactions with different types of Lewis acids, such as BBr3, GeCl2, GaCl3, BH3(SMe2) and HBpin, affording a series of ring-opening products, in which M–X or B–H bonds add across the B–C(cage) bond of the three-membered ring in 2. On the other hand, borirane 2 can undergo ring-expansion reactions with unsaturated molecules such as PhCHO, CO2 and PhCN to give ring-expansion products, five-membered boracycles, via a concerted reaction mechanism as supported by DFT calculations. The results of this work not only enrich the reaction chemistry of boriranes, but also offer new routes to boron-containing compounds and heterocycles. Carborane-fused borirane can not only engage in ring-opening reactions with different types of Lewis acids, but also undergo ring-expansion reactions with unsaturated molecules such as PhCHO, CO2 and PhCN to give five-membered boracycles.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N. T. Hong Kong China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N. T. Hong Kong China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N. T. Hong Kong China
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8
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Dzhemilev UM, Khusainova LI, Ryazanov KS, Khafizova LO. Boron-containing small rings: synthesis, properties, and application prospects. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Khusainova LI, Khafizova LO, Tyumkina TV, Salakhutdinov RR, Dzhemilev UM. α,ω-Dienes in Cp2TiCl2-catalyzed synthesis of boriranes. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Kundu G, Pahar S, Tothadi S, Sen SS. Stepwise Nucleophilic Substitution to Access Saturated N-heterocyclic Carbene Haloboranes with Boron–Methyl Bonds. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Kundu
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sanjukta Pahar
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Srinu Tothadi
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sakya S. Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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11
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Reactions of Dihaloboranes with Electron-Rich 1,4-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-diaza-2,5-cyclohexadienes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122875. [PMID: 32580464 PMCID: PMC7356994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactions of electron-rich organosilicon compounds 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-diaza-2,5-cyclohexadiene (1), 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-diaza-2,5-cyclohexadiene (2), and 1,1'-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,1'-dihydro-4,4'-bipyridine (12) with B-amino and B-aryl dihaloboranes afforded a series of novel B=N-bond-containing compounds 3-11 and 13. The B=N rotational barriers of 7 (>71.56 kJ/mol), 10 (58.79 kJ/mol), and 13 (58.65 kJ/mol) were determined by variable-temperature 1H-NMR spectroscopy, thus reflecting different degrees of B=N double bond character in the corresponding compounds. In addition, ring external olefin isomers 11 were obtained by a reaction between 2 and DurBBr2. All obtained B=N-containing products were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 5, 9, 10a, 11, and 13a were also characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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12
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Zhu HY, Li QS. Insights into the Photoinduced Isomerization Mechanisms of a N,C-Chelate Organoboron Compound: A Theoretical Study. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:510-517. [PMID: 32040267 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
As the first discovered organoboron compound with photochromic property, B(ppy)Mes2 (ppy=2-phenylpyridine, Mes=mesityl) displays rich photochemistry that constitutes a solid foundation for wide applications in optoelectronic fields. In this work, we investigated the B(ppy)Mes2 to borirane isomerization mechanisms in the three lowest electronic states (S0 , S1 , and T1 ) based on the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) and its second-order perturbation (CASPT2) methods combined with time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. Our results show that the photoisomerization in the S1 state is dominant, which is initiated by the cleavage of the B-Cppy bond. After overcoming a barrier of 0.5 eV, the reaction pathway leads to a conical intersection between the S1 and S0 states (S1 /S0 )x , from which the decay path may go back to the reactant B(ppy)Mes2 via a closed-shell intermediate (Int1-S0 ) or to the product borirane via a biradical intermediate (Int2-S0 ). Although triplet states are probably involved in the photoinduced process, the possibility of the photoisomerization in T1 state is very small owing to the weakly allowed S1 →T1 intersystem crossing and the high energy barrier (0.77 eV). In addition, we found the photoisomerization is thermally reversible, which is consistent with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yang Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Quan-Song Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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13
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Deng B, Wang X, Wang S. Dearomatizing and Derivatizing a Mesityl Group on Boron by One-Pot Photoisomerization and [4+2] Diels-Alder Addition. Chemistry 2019; 25:14694-14700. [PMID: 31486136 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Boron compounds having a conjugated chelate backbone (N,C-chelate or C,C-chelate) and two mesityl substituents on boron have been found to undergo a facile one-pot transformation/reaction with dienophiles, which leads to the dearomatization of one mesityl ring and its [4+2] Diels-Alder addition with the dienophile. Photochemical activation is the key in this transformation of the aryl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Suning Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
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14
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Dai W, Geib SJ, Curran DP. Ring-Opening Reactions of NHC-Boriranes with In Situ Generated HCl: Synthesis of a New Class of NHC-Boralactones. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3623-3629. [PMID: 30717598 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first ring-opening reactions of ligated boriranes (boracyclopropanes) are described. Treatment of readily available NHC-boriranes bearing ester substituents on the borirane ring with HCl provides stable γ-NHC-bora-γ-lactones in isolated yields ranging from 40% to 73%. The reactions occur through 1,3-addition of HCl across a B-C bond of the NHC-borirane to form a ring-opened NHC-boryl chloride, followed by lactonization with chloride displacement. Experimental evidence suggests that both the borirane ring-opening reaction and the boralactonization reaction occur with inversion at boron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dai
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15208 , United States
| | - Steven J Geib
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15208 , United States
| | - Dennis P Curran
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15208 , United States
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15
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Pait M, Kundu G, Tothadi S, Karak S, Jain S, Vanka K, Sen SS. C−F Bond Activation by a Saturated N‐Heterocyclic Carbene: Mesoionic Compound Formation and Adduct Formation with B(C
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3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2804-2808. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Pait
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune 411008 India
| | - Gargi Kundu
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Srinu Tothadi
- Organic Chemistry DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune 411008 India
| | - Suvendu Karak
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Physical and Material Chemistry DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune 411008 India
| | - Shailja Jain
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Physical and Material Chemistry DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune 411008 India
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Physical and Material Chemistry DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune 411008 India
| | - Sakya S. Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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16
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Pait M, Kundu G, Tothadi S, Karak S, Jain S, Vanka K, Sen SS. C−F Bond Activation by a Saturated N‐Heterocyclic Carbene: Mesoionic Compound Formation and Adduct Formation with B(C
6
F
5
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3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Pait
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune 411008 India
| | - Gargi Kundu
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Srinu Tothadi
- Organic Chemistry DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune 411008 India
| | - Suvendu Karak
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Physical and Material Chemistry DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune 411008 India
| | - Shailja Jain
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Physical and Material Chemistry DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune 411008 India
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Physical and Material Chemistry DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune 411008 India
| | - Sakya S. Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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17
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Abstract
The study of main-group molecules that behave and react similarly to transition-metal (TM) complexes has attracted significant interest in recent decades. Most notably, the attractive idea of replacing the all-too-often rare and costly metals from catalysis has motivated efforts to develop main-group-element-mediated reactions. Main-group elements, however, lack the electronic flexibility of TM complexes that arises from combinations of empty and filled d orbitals and that seem ideally suited to bind and activate many substrates. In this review, we look at boron, an element that despite its nonmetal nature, low atomic weight, and relative redox staticity has achieved great milestones in terms of TM-like reactivity. We show how in interelement cooperative systems, diboron molecules, and hypovalent complexes the fifth element can acquire a truly metallomimetic character. As we discuss, this character is powerfully demonstrated by the reactivity of boron-based molecules with H2, CO, alkynes, alkenes and even with N2.
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18
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Khusainova LI, Khafizova LO, Tyumkina TV, Ryazanov KS, Popodko NR, Dzhemilev UM. New boron reagents for cycloboration of α-olefins into boriranes under Cp2TiCl2 catalysis. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Radtke J, Mellerup SK, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Wang S, Wagner M. Aryl Insertion vs Aryl-Aryl Coupling in C,C-Chelated Organoborates: The "Missing Link" of Tetraarylborate Photochemistry. Org Lett 2018; 20:3966-3970. [PMID: 29901402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The photoreactivity of 9-borafluorene-based, C,C-chelated organoborates was investigated. Unlike the related tetraarylborates, the charge-transfer transitions imparted by the biphenyl chelate lead to selective insertion of one aryl substituent into the endocyclic B-C bond of the 9-borafluorene moiety, resulting in the formation of boratanorcaradienes. This photoreaction likely proceeds according to a Zimmerman rearrangement, which is analogous to one of the initially proposed mechanisms for tetraarylborates and provides additional insight into these long-debated photochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Radtke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 , D-60438 Frankfurt (Main) , Germany
| | - Soren K Mellerup
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario K7L 3N6 , Canada
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 , D-60438 Frankfurt (Main) , Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 , D-60438 Frankfurt (Main) , Germany
| | - Suning Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario K7L 3N6 , Canada
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 , D-60438 Frankfurt (Main) , Germany
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20
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Nesterov V, Reiter D, Bag P, Frisch P, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Inoue S. NHCs in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9678-9842. [PMID: 29969239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in the beginning of the 1990s, these divalent carbon species have become a common and available class of compounds, which have found numerous applications in academic and industrial research. Their important role as two-electron donor ligands, especially in transition metal chemistry and catalysis, is difficult to overestimate. In the past decade, there has been tremendous research attention given to the chemistry of low-coordinate main group element compounds. Significant progress has been achieved in stabilization and isolation of such species as Lewis acid/base adducts with highly tunable NHC ligands. This has allowed investigation of numerous novel types of compounds with unique electronic structures and opened new opportunities in the rational design of novel organic catalysts and materials. This Review gives a general overview of this research, basic synthetic approaches, key features of NHC-main group element adducts, and might be useful for the broad research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
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21
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Yan L, Meng Y, Haeffner F, Leon RM, Crockett MP, Morken JP. Carbohydrate/DBU Cocatalyzed Alkene Diboration: Mechanistic Insight Provides Enhanced Catalytic Efficiency and Substrate Scope. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3663-3673. [PMID: 29442502 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mechanistic investigation of the carbohydrate/DBU cocatalyzed enantioselective diboration of alkenes is presented. These studies provide an understanding of the origin of stereoselectivity and also reveal a strategy for enhancing reactivity and broadening the substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Fredrik Haeffner
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Robert M Leon
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Michael P Crockett
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - James P Morken
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
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22
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Krasowska M, Bettinger HF. Computational Study of the Isomerization Reactions of Borirane. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1804-1809. [PMID: 29384675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Borirane is isoelectronic to the cyclopropyl cation, but is stable toward electrocyclic ring opening to 2-bora-propa-1,3-diyl A, the boron analogue of the allyl cation. A computational investigation using density functional theory (B3LYP) in combination with highly correlated electronic structure theory methods of the coupled-cluster [CCSD(T)] and multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) type in conjunction with basis sets of up to quadruple-ζ quality reveal that formation of A is endothermic by roughly 15 kcal mol-1 and that A collapses almost without barrier (0.2 kcal mol-1) to borirane. The vinylborane isomer B is more stable than borirane and its formation is associated with a barrier of 36-38 kcal mol-1. Methyl methylideneborane E, only slightly less stable than B, can only be accessed by pathways involving barriers of at least 60 kcal mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Krasowska
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger F Bettinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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23
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Walton JC, McFadden TR, Curran DP. Generation and Structure of Unique Boriranyl Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16514-16517. [PMID: 29099598 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three-member ring boracyclopropanes (boriranes) with N-heterocyclic carbene substituents were prepared by a recently discovered route. H atoms were selectively abstracted from the boron atoms by t-butoxyl radicals and this enabled boriranyl radicals to be detected and characterized by EPR spectroscopy for the first time. Their EPR parameters indicated they had planar π-character. From competition experiments, the rate constant for H atom abstraction was determined and found to be about 2 orders of magnitude less than for NHC-boranes. The B-H BDE of an NHC-borirane was estimated to be about 95 kcal mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Walton
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews , St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy R McFadden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Dennis P Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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24
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Tyumkina TV, Khafizova LO, Idrisova SM, Khusainova LI, Khalilov LM, Dzhemilev UM. Mechanism of catalytic cycloboration of α-olefins with boron trichloride: the synthesis of hardly obtainable boriranes and the mechanistic DFT study of transmetalation of titanacyclopropane intermediates. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158417050226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Borylenes: An Emerging Class of Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10282-10292. [PMID: 28577325 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Free borylenes (R-B:) have only been spectroscopically characterized in the gas phase or in matrices at very low temperatures. However, in recent years, a few mono- and bis(Lewis base)-stabilized borylenes have been isolated. In both of these compounds the boron atom is in the formal oxidation state +I which contrasts with classical organoboron derivatives wherein the element is in the +III oxidation state. Mono(Lewis base)-stabilized borylenes are isoelectronic with singlet carbenes, and their reactivity mimics to some extent that of transition metals. They can activate small molecules, such as H2 , and coordinate an additional ligand; in other words, they are boron metallomimics. Bis(Lewis base)borylene adducts are isoelectronic with amines and phosphines. In contrast to boranes, which act as electron acceptors and thus Lewis acids, they are electron-rich and act as ligands for transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Soleilhavoup
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Soleilhavoup
- UCSD – CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD – CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
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27
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Mellerup SK, Häfele L, Lorbach A, Wang X, Wang S. Triplet Energy and π-Conjugation Effects on Photoisomerization of Chiral N,C-Chelate Organoborons with PAH Substituents. Org Lett 2017; 19:3851-3854. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soren K. Mellerup
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Lisa Häfele
- Department
of Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andreas Lorbach
- Department
of Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Suning Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials,
School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 1000081, P. R. China
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28
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Wang H, Zhang J, Xie Z. Reversible Photothermal Isomerization of Carborane-Fused Azaborole to Borirane: Synthesis and Reactivity of Carbene-Stabilized Carborane-Fused Borirane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9198-9201. [PMID: 28574198 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A fully reversible photothermal isomerization between carborane-fused trigonal-planar azaborole (dark-purple) and tetrahedral borirane (pale-yellow) has been observed, leading to the isolation and structural characterization of the first example of carborane-fused borirane. DFT calculations indicate that the azaborole is thermodynamically more stable than the borirane by 11.2 kcal mol-1 , and the energy barrier for the thermal conversion from azaborole to borirane is 35.5 kcal mol-1 . The reactivity studies show that the B-C(cage) bond in borirane can be broken in the reaction with CuCl, HCl, or elemental sulfur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiji Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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29
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Wang H, Zhang J, Xie Z. Reversible Photothermal Isomerization of Carborane-Fused Azaborole to Borirane: Synthesis and Reactivity of Carbene-Stabilized Carborane-Fused Borirane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Jiji Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China
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30
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Khusainova LI, Khafizova LO, Tyumkina TV, Ryazanov KS, Dzhemilev UM. Cp2TiCl2-catalyzed cycloboration of α-olefins with PhBCl2 in the synthesis of 2-alkyl(aryl,benzyl)-1-phenylboriranes. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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McFadden TR, Fang C, Geib SJ, Merling E, Liu P, Curran DP. Synthesis of Boriranes by Double Hydroboration Reactions of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes and Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1726-1729. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b09873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R. McFadden
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Computational Modeling & Simulation Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Cheng Fang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Computational Modeling & Simulation Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Steven J. Geib
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Computational Modeling & Simulation Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Everett Merling
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Computational Modeling & Simulation Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Computational Modeling & Simulation Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Dennis P. Curran
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Computational Modeling & Simulation Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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32
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Azzena U. 1,2-Diaryl-1,2-disodioethanes: Versatile, Highly Reactive, and Tunable Synthetic Equivalents of Sodium Metal. Aust J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
1,2-Diaryl-1,2-disodioethanes are easily prepared, versatile, and stable diorganometals finding application in 1,2-reductive eliminations as well as in the degradation of several persistent organic pollutants as homogeneous synthetic equivalents of a highly reactive form of Na metal. Understanding their reactivity in terms of their different electron-donor power, which is strongly affected by the nature of substituents located either on the aromatic ring(s) or on the carbanionic centers, allowed rationalization of their employment not only as chemoselective single electron transfer reducing reagents, but also as bases in the generation of enediolates of arylacetic acids bearing easily reducible carbon–halogen bonds.
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33
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Krasowska M, Bettinger HF. Ring Enlargement of Three-Membered Boron Heterocycles upon Reaction with Organic π Systems: Implications for the Trapping of Borylenes. Chemistry 2016; 22:10661-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Krasowska
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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34
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Ledet AD, Hudnall TW. Reduction of a diamidocarbene-supported borenium cation: isolation of a neutral boryl-substituted radical and a carbene-stabilized aminoborylene. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:9820-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00300a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized the first diamidocarbene (DAC)-supported borenium salt which was found to readily undergo two sequential 1-electron reductions to give a boryl-substituted DAC-centred radical and a DAC-supported aminoborylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D. Ledet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas State University
- San Marcos
- USA
| | - Todd W. Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas State University
- San Marcos
- USA
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35
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Azzena U, Carraro M, Pisano L, Mocci F, Antonello S, Maran F. Reducing properties of 1,2-dipyridyl-1,2-disodioethanes: chemical validation of theoretical and electrochemical predictions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03303b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretical calculations and electrochemical analysis were used to set up a relative scale for the reducing strength of the dianions of 1,2-dipyridylethenes, validated by studying their reactivity towards halogenated benzoic and arylacetic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Azzena
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
- Università di Sassari
- I-07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | - M. Carraro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
- Università di Sassari
- I-07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | - L. Pisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
- Università di Sassari
- I-07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | - F. Mocci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università di Cagliari
- Complesso Universitario
- I – 09042 Monserrato (Ca)
- Italy
| | - S. Antonello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università di Padova
- I-35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - F. Maran
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università di Padova
- I-35131 Padova
- Italy
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36
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Braunschweig H, Dewhurst RD, Ferkinghoff K. Carbene-induced synthesis of the first borironium cations using the [(η5-C5Me5)Fe(CO)2]−anion as an unlikely leaving group. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:183-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07503c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of borironium cations are prepared by a remarkably mild carbene-induced process. The cations are three-membered unsaturated boron-containing rings with two Lewis donors bound to the boron atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- Am Hubland
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- Am Hubland
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Katharina Ferkinghoff
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- Am Hubland
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
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37
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Damodaran K, Li X, Pan X, Curran DP. Dynamic Behavior of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes: Boron–Carbene Bonds in B,B-Disubstituted N,N-Dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene Boranes Have Substantial Rotation Barriers. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4465-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Damodaran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Xiben Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Xiangcheng Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Dennis P. Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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