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Yang L, Wu Y, Murugan P, Liu P, Peng Y, Qiu Z, Li Z, Yu C, Liu S. Impact of Different π-Bridges on the Photovoltaic Performance of A-D-D'-D-A Small Molecule-Based Donors. Molecules 2024; 29:4231. [PMID: 39275079 PMCID: PMC11396980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Three small donor molecule materials (S1, S2, S3) based on dithiophene [2,3-d:2',3'-d']dithiophene [1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (DTBDT) utilized in this study were synthesized using the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction, traditional Stille coupling, and Knoevenagel condensation. Then, a variety of characterization methods were applied to study the differences in optical properties and photovoltaic devices among the three. By synthesizing S2 using a thiophene π-bridge based on S1, the blue shift in ultraviolet absorption can be enhanced, the band gap and energy level can be reduced, the open circuit voltage (VOC) can be increased to 0.75 V using the S2:Y6 device, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3% can be achieved. Also, after developing the device using Y6, S3 introduced the alkyl chain of thiophene π-bridge to S2, which improved the solubility of tiny donor molecules, achieved the maximum short-circuit current (JSC = 10.59 mA/cm2), filling factor (FF = 49.72%), and PCE (4.25%). Thus, a viable option for future design and synthesis of small donor molecule materials is to incorporate thiophene π-bridges into these materials, along with alkyl chains, in order to enhance the device's morphology and charge transfer behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (IAMM), Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Pachaiyappan Murugan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yulong Peng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhiyong Qiu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zaifang Li
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (IAMM), Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Changlin Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Green Lubricating Materials, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
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2
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Wang C, Zhou Q, Liang KJ, Bo XX, Ding YH, Shao LX. Double Direct C-H Bond Arylation of Thiophenes with Aryl Chlorides Catalyzed by the N-Heterocyclic Carbene-PdCl 2-1-methylimidazole Complex. J Org Chem 2024; 89:12533-12539. [PMID: 39166869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
With the combination of the N-heterocyclic carbene-PdCl2-1-methylimidazole complex and Cu2O, we succeeded in the first example of double direct C-H bond arylation reactions between thiophenes and aryl chlorides, giving the desired 2,5-diarylated thiophenes in moderate to high yields under suitable conditions, consistent with the density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Jiang Liang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xu Bo
- Department of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, No. 1000 Liuhongqiao Road, Wenzhou 325006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hong Ding
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Key Lab of Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Leather Engineering, Wenzhou University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xiong Shao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, People's Republic of China
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3
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Adusei EBA, Casetti VT, Goldsmith CD, Caswell M, Alinj D, Park J, Zeller M, Rusakov AA, Kinney ZJ. Bent naphthodithiophenes: synthesis and characterization of isomeric fluorophores. RSC Adv 2024; 14:25120-25129. [PMID: 39139244 PMCID: PMC11318266 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04850d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Thiophene-containing heteroarenes are one of the most well-known classes of π-conjugated building blocks for photoactive molecules. Isomeric naphthodithiophenes (NDTs) are at the forefront of this research area due to their straightforward synthesis and derivatization. Notably, NDT geometries that are bent - such as naphtho[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene (α-NDT) and naphtho[1,2-b:4,3-b']dithiophene (β-NDT) - are seldom employed as photoactive small molecules. This report investigates how remote substituents impact the photophysical properties of isomeric α- and β-NDTs. The orientation of the thiophene units plays a critical role in the emission: in the α(OHex)R2 series conjugation from the end-caps to the NDT core is apparent, while in the β(Oi-Pent)R2 series minimal change is observed unless strong electron acceptors, such as β(Oi-Pent)(PhCF3)2, are employed. This push-pull acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) fluorophore exhibits positive fluorosolvatochromism that correlates with increasing solvent polarity parameter, E T(30). In total, these results highlight how remote substituents are able to modulate the emission of isomeric bent NDTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel B A Adusei
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University Rochester Michigan USA +1-248-370-2347
| | - Vincent T Casetti
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University Rochester Michigan USA +1-248-370-2347
| | - Calvin D Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University Rochester Michigan USA +1-248-370-2347
| | - Madison Caswell
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University Rochester Michigan USA +1-248-370-2347
| | - Drecila Alinj
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University Rochester Michigan USA +1-248-370-2347
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University Rochester Michigan USA +1-248-370-2347
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Alexander A Rusakov
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University Rochester Michigan USA +1-248-370-2347
| | - Zacharias J Kinney
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University Rochester Michigan USA +1-248-370-2347
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4
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Kohlbecher R, Müller TJJ. A Rational Design of Electrochemically and Photophysically Tunable Triarylamine Luminophores by Consecutive (Pseudo-)Four-Component Syntheses. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304119. [PMID: 38227421 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The concatenation of Suzuki coupling and two-fold Buchwald-Hartwig amination in sequentially palladium-catalyzed consecutive multicomponent syntheses paves a concise, convergent route to diversely functionalized para-biaryl-substituted triarylamines (p-bTAAs) from simple, readily available starting materials. An extensive library of p-bTAAs permits comprehensive investigations of their electronic properties by absorption and emission spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and quantum chemical calculations, which contribute to a deep understanding of their electronic structure. The synthesized p-bTAAs exhibit tunable fluorescence from blue to yellow upon photonic excitation with quantum yields up to 98 % in solution and 92 % in the solid state. Furthermore, a pronounced bathochromic shift of the emission maxima by increasing solvent polarity indicates positive emission solvatochromism. Aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/water mixtures causes the formation of intensely blue fluorescent aggregates. Cyclic voltammetry shows reversible first and second oxidations of p-bTAAs at low potentials, which are tunable by variation of the introduced para substituents. 3D Hammett plots resulting from the correlation of oxidation potentials and emission maxima with electronic substituent parameters emphasize the rational design of tailored p-bTAAs with predictable electrochemical and photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Kohlbecher
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universitätstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universitätstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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5
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Mhaske K, Gangai S, Fernandes R, Kamble A, Chowdhury A, Narayan R. Aerobic Catalytic Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Furans with Indoles Provides Access to Fluorophores with Large Stokes Shift. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302929. [PMID: 38175849 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Sustainability in chemical processes is a crucial aspect in contemporary chemistry with sustainable catalysis as a vital parameter of the same. There has been a renewed focus on utilizing earth-abundant metal catalysts to expand the repertoire of organic reactions. Furan is a versatile heterocycle of natural origin used for multiple applications. However, it has scarcely been used in cross-dehydrogenative coupling. In this work, we have explored the cross-dehydrogentive coupling of furans with indoles using commonly available, inexpensive FeCl3 ⋅ 6H2 O (<0.25 $/g) as catalyst in the presence of so called 'ultimate oxidant' - oxygen, without the need for any external ligand or additive. The reactions were found to be scalable and to work even under partially aqueous conditions. This makes the reaction highly economical, practical, operationally simple and sustainable. The methodology provides direct access to π-conjugated short oligomers consisting of furan, thiophene and indole. These compounds were found to show interesting fluorescence properties with remarkably large Stokes shift (up to 205 nm). Mechanistic investigations reveal that the reaction proceeds through chemoselective oxidation of indole by the metal catalyst followed by nucleophilic trapping by furan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Mhaske
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Goa, 403401, India
| | - Shon Gangai
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Goa, 403401, India
| | - Rushil Fernandes
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Goa, 403401, India
| | - Angulimal Kamble
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Goa, 403401, India
| | - Arkaprava Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rishikesh Narayan
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Goa, 403401, India
- School of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Goa, 403401, India
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6
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Purushothaman P, Karpagam S. Thiophene derived sky-blue fluorescent probe for the selective recognition of mercuric ion through CHEQ mechanism and application in real time samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 305:123518. [PMID: 37847933 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
A vibrant blue organic luminescent material with enhanced photophysical properties is in great demand for the generation of optoelectronic devices and luminescent sensors. In this context, the thiophene-benzimidazole probe TH-IMI was designed and synthesized by a simple condensation reaction. The synthesized probe has shown excellent photophysical properties like high FL intensity, a high quantum yield of 90% in the solution phase, a low optical bandgap of 2.84 eV, positive solvatochromic effect in emission spectra and Disaggregation Caused Quenching Effect (DCQE). Such a high luminescent probe was employed for the recognition of mercuric ions in the solution phase, solid state detection, and in tracking mercury in green gram sprouts. UV-visible absorption and emission spectra, 1H NMR titration, IR spectroscopic and ESI-MS techniques confirmed that the probe underwent a fluorescence quenching response via the CHEQ effect upon exposure to Hg2+. The stoichiometry was found to be 1:1 through Job's plot and has a fast response rate and relatively low limit of detection of about 6.13 × 10-11 M in a linear range between 0 and 110 µL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palani Purushothaman
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 14, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Karpagam
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 14, Tamil Nadu, India.
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7
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Gangai S, Fernandes R, Mhaske K, Narayan R. Cu(ii)-catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling of furans with indoles enables expeditious synthesis of indolyl-furans with blue fluorescence. RSC Adv 2024; 14:1239-1249. [PMID: 38174245 PMCID: PMC10762296 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08226a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
With the purpose of incorporating sustainability in chemical processes, there has been a renewed focus on utilizing earth-abundant metal catalysts to expand the repertoire of organic reactions and processes. In this work, we have explored the atom-economic oxidative coupling between two important electron-rich heterocycles - indoles and furans - using commonly available, inexpensive metal catalyst CuCl2·2H2O (<0.25$ per g) to develop an expeditious synthesis of indolyl-furans. Moreover, the reaction proceeded well in the presence of the so-called 'ultimate oxidant' - air, without the need for any external ligand or additive. The reaction was found to be scalable and to work even under partially aqueous conditions. This makes the methodology highly economical, practical, operationally simple and sustainable. In addition, the methodology provides direct access to novel indole-furan-thiophene (IFT)-based electron-rich π-conjugated systems, which show green-yellow fluorescence with large Stokes shift and high quantum yields. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the reaction proceeds through chemoselective oxidation of indole by the metal catalyst followed by the nucleophilic attack by furan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shon Gangai
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, GEC Campus Farmagudi Goa-403401 India
| | - Rushil Fernandes
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, GEC Campus Farmagudi Goa-403401 India
| | - Krishna Mhaske
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, GEC Campus Farmagudi Goa-403401 India
| | - Rishikesh Narayan
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, GEC Campus Farmagudi Goa-403401 India
- School of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa GEC Campus, Farmagudi Goa-403401 India
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8
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Hauk P, Mazan V, Gallou F, Wencel-Delord J. Micellar catalysis: a green solution to enable undirected and mild C-H activation of (oligo)thiophenes at the challenging β-position. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12049-12055. [PMID: 37969587 PMCID: PMC10631230 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03708h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The unexpected potential of micellar medium to achieve challenging β-selective direct arylation of (oligo)thiophenes is reported. Thanks to the use of a water/surfactant solution in combination with natural feedstock-derived undecanoic acid as an additive, this high-yielding C-H coupling could be performed regioselectively at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Hauk
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Valérie Mazan
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Fabrice Gallou
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Joanna Wencel-Delord
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM 67087 Strasbourg France
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9
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Headen TF, Di Mino C, Youngs TG, Clancy AJ. The structure of liquid thiophene from total neutron scattering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:25157-25165. [PMID: 37712384 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03932c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The structure of pure liquid thiophene is revealed by using a combination of total neutron scattering experiments with isotopic substitution and molecular simulations via the next generation empirical potential refinement software, Dissolve. In the liquid, thiophene presents three principle local structural motifs within the first solvation shell, in plane and out of the plane of the thiophene ring. Firstly, above/below the ring plane thiophenes present a single H towards the π cloud, due to a combination of electrostatic and dispersion interactions. Secondly, around the ring plane, perpendicular thiophene molecules find 5 preferred sites driven by bifurcated C-H⋯S interactions, showing that hydrogen-sulfur bonding prevails over the charge asymmetry created by the heteroatom. Finally, parallel thiophenes sit above and below the ring, excluded from directly above the ring center and above the sulfur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Headen
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Camilla Di Mino
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 21 Banbury Rd, Oxford, OX2 6NN, UK
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tristan Ga Youngs
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Adam J Clancy
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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10
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Anni M. Investigation of the Origin of High Photoluminescence Quantum Yield in Thienyl-S,S-dioxide AIEgens Oligomers by Temperature Dependent Optical Spectroscopy. Molecules 2023; 28:5161. [PMID: 37446823 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of organic molecules showing high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) in solid state is a fundamental step for the implementation of efficient light emitting devices. In this work the origin of the high PLQY of two trimers and two pentamers having one central thiophene-S,S-dioxide unit and two and four lateral thiophene or phenyl groups, respectively, is investigated by temperature dependent photoluminescence and time resolved photoluminescence measurements. The experimental results demonstrate that the molecules with lateral phenyl rings show higher PLQY due to a weaker coupling with intramolecular vibrations-related to variations in the radiative and non-radiative decay rates-and indicate different molecular rigidity as the main factors affecting the PLQY of this class of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Anni
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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11
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Muthamma K, Gouda BM, Sunil D, Kulkarni SD, P.J. A. Water-based fluorescent flexo-ink for security applications. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
AbstractUV-readable fluorescent ink formulations find versatile applications in various fields including information encryption, automated identification systems, security markers and optical devices. In this context, a new bithiophene-based chalcone (BTCF) that exhibits good solution phase and solid-state fluorescence was synthesized as a colourant for formulating an eco-friendly UV fluorescent ink. The molecule demonstrated good thermal stability and photophysical features including intramolecular charge transfer, confirmed through emission studies in THF–hexane mixtures with varying hexane content. The intense greenish yellow solid-state fluorescence emission displayed by BTCF was exploited by using it as a colourant in a water-based fluorescent ink formulation. Further, the ink was used to print a fast-drying solid patch on an UV dull paper substrate using flexography technique. The analysis of colorimetric, densitometric and rub resistance properties of the printed paper samples demonstrated good fluorescence, moderate photostability and good rub resistance, and hence could be used for security printing applications.
Graphical abstract
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12
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Khaled MM, Ismail MA, Medien HAA, Abdel-Shafi AA, Abdel-Samad HS. Photophysical properties of push-pull monocationic D-π-A + thiophene based derivatives: Fluorosolvatochromism and pH studies. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 288:122090. [PMID: 36442344 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photophysical properties of two thiophene salts of the form D-π-A+ are studied in several solvents and at various pH values of the aqueous solution. The studied compounds embrace methoxy group as electron donating moiety at one end and cationic amidine group with and without fluorine atom at the ortho position of the amidine group as the electron withdrawing group at the other end of the molecules and separated by thiophene ring. The two thiophene derivatives are 4-(5-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzamidine hydrochloride salt (MOTB) and 2-fluoro-4-(5-(4-methoxyphenyl) thiophen-2-yl)benzamidine hydrochloride salt (FMOTB). The observed changes in the fluorescence emission spectra with the nature of the solvent were found to be much more pronounced than the corresponding absorption spectra which signify an emission from the intramolecular charge transfer state. The higher bathochromic shift in the fluorescence emission spectra than the absorption spectra indicates that the excited state dipole moment is larger than that of the ground state. It has also been observed that the presence of the fluorine atom in the electron withdrawing part does not show any changes in the absorption spectra while a clear bathochromic shift is observed in the fluorescence emission spectra indicating an enhanced strength of the electron withdrawing ability in case of FMOTB. Effect of pH was also studied and pKa values were evaluated. The observed photophysical properties were correlated to the normalized solvent polarity parameter (ETN) when solvents are classified to protic and aprotic solvents. This designates the importance of hydrogen bonding interactions. We have also applied a couple of linear solvation energy relationships for better understanding of the exact contribution of each solvent parameter on each photophysical property. We have found that both Catalán's and Laurence's treatments show that the photophysical properties are mainly controlled by the solvent's non-specific interactions. However, these models were not sufficient to interpret the observed data without the inclusion of the participation of the specific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M Khaled
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566 Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hesham A A Medien
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566 Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Abdel-Shafi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566 Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hesham S Abdel-Samad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566 Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Shahin M, Alazaly AM, Ismail MA, Abdel-Shafi AA. Effect of the π-bridge structure on the intramolecular charge transfer of push-pull 2-phenylthiophene and 2-(furan-2-yl)pyridine derivatives. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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14
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Tu L, Li C, Xiong X, Hyeon Kim J, Li Q, Mei L, Li J, Liu S, Seung Kim J, Sun Y. Engineered Metallacycle-Based Supramolecular Photosensitizers for Effective Photodynamic Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301560. [PMID: 36786535 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Although metallacycle-based supramolecular photosensitizers (PSs) have attracted increasing attention in biomedicine, their clinical translation is still hindered by their inherent dark toxicity. Herein, we report what to our knowledge is the first example of a molecular engineering approach to building blocks of metallacycles for constructing a series of supramolecular PSs (RuA-RuD), with the aim of simultaneously reducing dark toxicity and enhancing phototoxicity, and consequently obtaining high phototoxicity indexes (PI). Detailed in vitro investigations demonstrate that RuA-RuD display high cancer cellular uptake and remarkable antitumor activity even under hypoxic conditions. Notably, RuD exhibited no dark toxicity and displayed the highest PI value (≈406). Theoretical calculations verified that RuD has the largest steric hindrance and the lowest singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST , 0.61 eV). Further in vivo studies confirmed that RuD allows safe and effective phototherapy against A549 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chonglu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ji Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Longcan Mei
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Junrong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Yao Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
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15
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Kesimal B, Balci B, Cakal D, Önal AM, Cihaner A. Synthesis and Characterization of a Luminol Based Chemiluminescent Trimeric System. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03172-9. [PMID: 36773099 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
A luminol based chemiluminescent trimeric system, namely 2,3-dihydro-5,8-di(thiophen-2-yl)phthalazine-1,4-dione (T2B-Lum), bearing thiophene rings as donor units and 2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione as an acceptor unit was synthesized in two steps via donor-acceptor-donor approach using two different methods. It was found that T2B-Lum emits chemiluminescent light when exposed to H2O2 in a basic medium, and the presence of substituents and the type of aromatic ring bearing chemiluminescent active group have a direct effect on the compound's sensitivity. Among the members of a large family of metal ions, fluorescent and chemiluminescent T2B-Lum exhibited high sensitivity to Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions. Except for other metal cations (silver(I), cadmium(II), cobalt(II), iron(III), lithium(I), magnesium(II), manganese(II), nickel(II), zinc(II)), it has been observed that T2B-Lum is mostly sensitive to copper(II) ions with a detection limit value of 2.2 × 10- 3 M. On the other hand, T2B-Lum was also found to exhibit a high sensitivity to extremely dilute aqueous solutions (e.g., 1:50.000 dilution) of blood samples, making it a promising candidate for use in forensic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Kesimal
- Atilim Optoelectronic Materials and Solar Energy Laboratory (ATOMSEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Atilim University, TR-06830, Ankara, Turkey.,Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Atilim University, TR-06830, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Balci
- Atilim Optoelectronic Materials and Solar Energy Laboratory (ATOMSEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Atilim University, TR-06830, Ankara, Turkey.,Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Atilim University, TR-06830, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Cakal
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, TR-06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet M Önal
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, TR-06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atilla Cihaner
- Atilim Optoelectronic Materials and Solar Energy Laboratory (ATOMSEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Atilim University, TR-06830, Ankara, Turkey.
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16
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Mary Mathew M, Valappil Rasin P, Mandal P, Sreekanth A. Thiophene anchored two new sets of carbohydrazide for the chemosensing and biological investigation. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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17
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Acosta M, Santiago MD, Irvin JA. Electrospun Conducting Polymers: Approaches and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15248820. [PMID: 36556626 PMCID: PMC9782039 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Inherently conductive polymers (CPs) can generally be switched between two or more stable oxidation states, giving rise to changes in properties including conductivity, color, and volume. The ability to prepare CP nanofibers could lead to applications including water purification, sensors, separations, nerve regeneration, wound healing, wearable electronic devices, and flexible energy storage. Electrospinning is a relatively inexpensive, simple process that is used to produce polymer nanofibers from solution. The nanofibers have many desirable qualities including high surface area per unit mass, high porosity, and low weight. Unfortunately, the low molecular weight and rigid rod nature of most CPs cannot yield enough chain entanglement for electrospinning, instead yielding polymer nanoparticles via an electrospraying process. Common workarounds include co-extruding with an insulating carrier polymer, coaxial electrospinning, and coating insulating electrospun polymer nanofibers with CPs. This review explores the benefits and drawbacks of these methods, as well as the use of these materials in sensing, biomedical, electronic, separation, purification, and energy conversion and storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Acosta
- Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Marvin D. Santiago
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Irvin
- Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Purushothaman P, Karpagam S. Thiophene-Appended Benzothiazole Compounds for Ratiometric Detection of Copper and Cadmium Ions with Comparative Density Functional Theory Studies and Their Application in Real-Time Samples. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:41361-41369. [PMID: 36406525 PMCID: PMC9670728 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A thirst for the development of a simple fluorescence probe for enhanced sensing application has been achieved by synthesizing a stupendous thiophene-appended benzothiazole-conjugated compound L2. The synthesized compound L2 was characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry techniques. Furthermore, a photophysical property of L1 and L2 reveals the enhanced emission spectrum of L2 because of a restricted spin-orbital coupling as a result of increased conjugation compared to the ligand L1. Therefore, comparative studies were undertaken for L1 and L2. Henceforth, L2 was deployed for the ratiometric detection of Cd2+ ions in THF:water and L1 for the detection of Cu2+ ions in THF medium. The chemosensor L2 shows an outstanding water tolerance up to 60% and is stable between pH 2 and 7. This level of water tolerance and stability make L2 a suitable probe for analyzing real-time and biological samples. While the cadmium ion was added to L2, there was a significant red shift in emission from 496 to 549 nm, which indicates the controlled ICT due to complex formation. The metal-ligand complexation was also confirmed by noticing a decreased band gap of metal complex compared to the ligand as calculated using Tauc's plot with solid-phase UV data. The stoichiometric ratio was obtained by Job's plot that exhibited a 1:1 ratio of L2 and Cd2+ ions, and the limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 2.25 nM by the photoluminescence spectroscopic technique. The fluorescence lifetime of both L2 and L2-Cd2+ was found to be 58.3 ps and 0.147 ns, respectively. Alongside, the colorimetric-assisted ratiometric detection of Cu2+ by L1 with 1:2 stoichiometric ratio having an LOD of 1.06 × 10-7 M was also performed. Furthermore, the practical applicability of the probe L2 in sensing cadmium was tested in sewage water and vegetable extract; the recovery was approximately 98 and 99%, respectively. The experimental data were supported by theoretical investigation of structures of L1, L2, L1-Cu2+ , and L2-Cd2+ , complex formation, charge transfer mechanism, and band gap measurements done by quantum chemical density functional theory calculations.
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19
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Molecular Tuning in Diaryl-Capped Pyrrolo[2,3- d:5,4- d']bisthiazoles: Effects of Terminal Aryl Unit and Comparison to Dithieno[3,2- b:2',3'- d]pyrrole Analogues. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196638. [PMID: 36235172 PMCID: PMC9571600 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of six conjugated oligomers consisting of a central pyrrolo[2,3-d:5,4-d']bisthiazole (PBTz) end-capped with either thienyl, furyl, or phenyl groups have been prepared from N-alkyl-and N-aryl-pyrrolo[2,3-d:5,4-d']bisthiazoles via Stille and Negishi cross-coupling. The full oligomeric series was thoroughly investigated via photophysical and electrochemical studies, in parallel with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, in order to correlate the cumulative effects of both aryl end-groups and N-functionalization on the resulting optical and electronic properties. Through comparison with the analogous dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole (DTP) materials, the effect of replacing DTP with PBTz on the material HOMO energy and visible light absorption is quantified.
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20
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Highly selective naked eye pyridine-2,6-dicarbohydrazide based colorimetric and fluorescence chemosensor for Pb2+ with AIE activity. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Liu L, Doucet H. One Pot Access to 2'‐Aryl‐2,3'‐Bithiophenes via Twofold Palladium‐Catalyzed C‐X/C‐H Coupling Associated to a Pd‐1,4‐Migration. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Yuan J, Xu Z, Wolf MO. Sulfur-bridged chromophores for photofunctional materials: using sulfur oxidation state to tune electronic and structural properties. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5447-5464. [PMID: 35694344 PMCID: PMC9116371 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01128j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of a heteroatom, such as sulfur, as a linker or bridge, in π-conjugated materials has advantages over purely carbon-based ones due to the accessibility of higher oxidation states as a result of hypervalence. Materials containing a sulfide bridge (S) can be systemically oxidized into sulfoxides (SO) and sulfones (SO2), each of which can then influence how a material interacts with light, playing a large role in dictating the photophysical and sometimes photochemical properties. In this perspective, we summarize the progress that our group and others have made, showing how oxidation of a sulfur bridge in symmetric bichromophoric dimers and in diimine ligands can influence the excited state behavior in organic π-conjugated materials and metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Michael O Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
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23
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Ghatak K, Huynh HV. Palladium hetero‐di(N‐heterocyclic carbene) complexes and their catalytic activities in direct C−H arylation of heteroarenes. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kausani Ghatak
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Han Vinh Huynh
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore
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24
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Heo JS, Gil D, Kim C. A new sensitive and selective detection of Ga
3+
by thiophene‐based “turn‐on” fluorescent chemosensor. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:684-690. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.4209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sung Heo
- Department of Fine Chem. and Renewable Energy Convergence SNUT (Seoul National Univ. of Sci. and Tech.) Seoul Korea
| | - Dongkyun Gil
- Department of Fine Chem. and Renewable Energy Convergence SNUT (Seoul National Univ. of Sci. and Tech.) Seoul Korea
| | - Cheal Kim
- Department of Fine Chem. and Renewable Energy Convergence SNUT (Seoul National Univ. of Sci. and Tech.) Seoul Korea
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25
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O'Connell CE, Sabury S, Jenkins JE, Collier GS, Sumpter BG, Long BK, Kilbey SM. Highly fluorescent purine-containing conjugated copolymers with tailored optoelectronic properties. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00545j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated copolymers containing electron donor and acceptor units in their main chain have emerged as promising materials for organic electronic devices due to their tunable optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Elizabeth O'Connell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Sina Sabury
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J. Elias Jenkins
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Graham S. Collier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | - Bobby G. Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Brian K. Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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26
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Akai R, Oka K, Nishida R, Tohnai N. Systematic arrangement control of functional organic molecules. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00336h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Systematic and precise arrangement control of functional organic molecules without changing both their molecular and layered structure was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Akai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Future Innovation (CFi), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kouki Oka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Future Innovation (CFi), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Nishida
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Future Innovation (CFi), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Tohnai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Future Innovation (CFi), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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27
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Paixão DB, Soares EGO, Salles HD, Silva CDG, Rampon DS, Schneider PH. Rongalite in PEG-400 as a general and reusable system for the synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted chalcogenophenes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01069k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the use of rongalite in PEG-400 as a general, efficient, and environmentally benign reductive system for the synthesis of a wide range of 2,5-disubstituted chalcogenophenes from elemental sulfur, selenium and tellurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B. Paixão
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo G. O. Soares
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Helena D. Salles
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Caren D. G. Silva
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel S. Rampon
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Catálise (LAPOCA), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), P.O. Box 19061, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo H. Schneider
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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28
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Gan S, Zeng Y, Lu C, Ma C, Wang F, Yang G, Zhang Y, Nie J. Rationally designed conjugated microporous polymers for efficient photocatalytic chemical transformations of isocyanides. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01393b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Click-based conjugated microporous polymers have been rationally designed and prepared for efficient N–H insertion like reaction of aryl isocyanides and photosynthesis of thiocarbamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolin Gan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Cuifen Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Chao Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Feiyi Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Guichun Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Yuexing Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Junqi Nie
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
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29
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Fernandes RS, Shetty NS, Mahesha P, Gaonkar SL. A Comprehensive Review on Thiophene Based Chemosensors. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:19-56. [PMID: 34623559 PMCID: PMC8755703 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02833-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The recognition and sensing of various analytes in aqueous and biological systems by using fluorometric or colorimetric chemosensors possessing high selectivity and sensitivity, low cost has gained enormous attention. Furthermore, thiophene derivatives possess exceptional photophysical properties compared to other heterocycles, and therefore they can be employed in chemosensors for analyte detection. In this review, we have tried to explore the design and detection mechanism of various thiophene-based probes, practical applicability, and their advanced models (design guides), which could be thoughtful for the synthesis of new thiophene-based probes. This review provides an insight into the reported chemosensors (2008-2020) for thiophene scaffold as effective emission and absorption-based chemosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikitha S Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitinkumar S Shetty
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Priyanka Mahesha
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Santhosh L Gaonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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30
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Wang T, Zhu X, Tao Q, Xu W, Sun H, Wu P, Cheng B, Zhai H. Synthesis of tetrasubstituted thiophenes from pyridinium 1,4-zwitterionic thiolates and modified activated alkynes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Synthesis and electropolymerization of donor-acceptor-donor type monomers based on azobenzene-substituted thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione acceptors. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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32
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Anderson TE, Culver EW, Badía-Domínguez I, Wilcox WD, Buysse CE, Ruiz Delgado MC, Rasmussen SC. Probing the nature of donor-acceptor effects in conjugated materials: a joint experimental and computational study of model conjugated oligomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:26534-26546. [PMID: 34807964 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04603a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of model oligomers consisting of combinations of a traditional strong donor unit (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), a traditional strong acceptor unit (benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole), and the ambipolar unit thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine were synthesized via cross-coupling methods. The prepared oligomers include all six possible dimeric combinations in order to characterize the extent and nature of donor-acceptor effects commonly used in the design of conjugated materials, with particular focus on understanding how the inclusion of ambipolar units influences donor-acceptor frameworks. The full oligomeric series was thoroughly investigated via photophysical and electrochemical studies, in parallel with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, in order to correlate the nature and extent of donor-acceptor effects on both frontier orbital energies and the desired narrowing of the HOMO-LUMO energy gap. The corresponding relationships revealed should then provide a deeper understanding of donor-acceptor interactions and their application to conjugated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent E Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept. 2735, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - Evan W Culver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept. 2735, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - Irene Badía-Domínguez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain.
| | - Wyatt D Wilcox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept. 2735, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - Claire E Buysse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept. 2735, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - M Carmen Ruiz Delgado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain.
| | - Seth C Rasmussen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept. 2735, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
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33
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Feofanov M, Akhmetov V, Takayama R, Amsharov KY. Facile Synthesis of Thienoacenes via Transition-Metal-Free Ladderization. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14759-14766. [PMID: 34672595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a facile transition-metal-free approach to sulfur-containing heteroacenes from fluorinated oligophenylenes. Unlike most existing methods, the presented approach is not restricted to simple dibenzothiophene derivatives and thus appears to be a useful tool for the synthesis of extended sulfur-containing heteroacenes. The incorporation of sulfur is unambiguously preprogrammed via the positions of fluorines in the precursors, allowing the selective synthesis of extended thienoacenes with up to 96% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Feofanov
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vladimir Akhmetov
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Ryo Takayama
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Yu Amsharov
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,South Ural State University, pr. Lenina 76, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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34
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Yang Z, Zhang Z, Xue C, Yang K, Gao R, Yu N, Ren Y. Excited-state engineering of oligothiophenes via phosphorus chemistry towards strong fluorescent materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24265-24272. [PMID: 34671795 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03737d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to efficient intersystem crossing (ISC), combined with efficient non-radiative processes of the triplet excited state, oligothiophenes generally exhibit very weak photoluminescence. Phosphorus (P)-bridged terthiophenes (P-terThs) and phosphorus (P)-bridged bithiophenes (P-biThs) were synthesized. The diverse and well-defined P-chemistry has been applied to fine tune the photophysical properties of these materials. The asymmetric electronic coupling between the P-center and terThs suppressed the electronic interactions of two terTh and biTh moieties in the ground state S0. Particularly, P-terThs and P-biThs having a positively charged P(+)-center induce pronounced asymmetric electronic environments on the two terThs and two biThs, respectively, which allows relaxation from the initial excited state via symmetry breaking charge transfer (SBCT) to give the charge separated state SSBCT. P-terThs and P-biThs having a positively charged P(+)-center exhibit stronger SBCT than others, which may result in a weaker ISC of oligothiophenes, and consequently lead to the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) being as high as 71% and 39%, respectively. The current study uncovered detailed insights on the effects of phosphorus chemistry on the SBCT of oligothiophenes and their resulting effects on the photophysical properties of P-bridged oligothiophenes, which have not been previously addressed in oligothiophenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhikai Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cece Xue
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rong Gao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Na Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Ren
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China
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35
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Perkins MA, Cline LM, Tschumper GS. Torsional Profiles of Thiophene and Furan Oligomers: Probing the Effects of Heterogeneity and Chain Length. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6228-6237. [PMID: 34240869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A systematic analysis of the torsional profiles of 55 unique oligomers composed of two to four thiophene and/or furan rings (n = 2 to 4) has been conducted using three density functional theory (DFT) methods along with MP2 and three different coupled-cluster methods. Two planar or quasi-planar minima were identified for each n = 2 oligomer system. In every case, the torsional angle (τ) between the heteroatoms about the carbon-carbon bond connecting the two rings is at or near 180° for the global minimum and 0° for the local minimum, referred to as anti and syn conformations, respectively. These oligomers have rotational barrier heights ranging from ca. 2 kcal mol-1 for 2,2'-bithiophene to 4 kcal mol-1 for 2,2'-bifuran, based on electronic energies computed near the CCSD(T) complete basis set (CBS) limit. The corresponding rotational barrier for the heterogeneous 2-(2-thienyl)furan counterpart falls approximately halfway between those values. The energy differences between the minima are approximately 2 and 0.4 kcal mol-1 for the homogeneous 2,2'-bifuran and 2,2'-bithiophene, respectively, whereas the energy difference between the planar local and global minima (at τ = 0 and 180°, respectively) is only 0.3 kcal mol-1 for 2-(2-thienyl)furan. Extending these three oligomers by adding one or two additional thiophene and/or furan rings resulted in only minor changes to the torsional profiles when rotating around the same carbon-carbon bond as the two-ring profiles. Relative energy differences between the syn and anti conformations were changed by no more than 0.4 kcal mol-1 for the corresponding n = 3 and 4 oligomers, while the rotational barrier height increased by no more than 0.8 kcal mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Perkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
| | - Laura M Cline
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
| | - Gregory S Tschumper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
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36
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Baranov DS, Nevostruev DA, Kazantsev MS, Zinoviev VA, Zelentsova EA, Dmitriev AA, Gritsan NP, Tsentalovich YP, Kotova M, Düreth J, Sperlich A, Dyakonov V, Kulik LV. Synthesis, Characterization and Photovoltaic Properties of Electron‐Accepting (11‐Oxoanthra[2,1‐
b
]thiophen‐6‐ylidene)dipropanedinitrile‐Based Molecules. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis S. Baranov
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
| | - Danil A. Nevostruev
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
| | - Maxim S. Kazantsev
- Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A. Zinoviev
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A. Zelentsova
- Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science International Tomography Center Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
| | - Nina P. Gritsan
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
| | - Yuri P. Tsentalovich
- Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science International Tomography Center Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
| | - Maria Kotova
- Experimental Physics 6 University of Würzburg Würzburg 97074 Germany
| | - Johannes Düreth
- Experimental Physics 6 University of Würzburg Würzburg 97074 Germany
| | - Andreas Sperlich
- Experimental Physics 6 University of Würzburg Würzburg 97074 Germany
| | - Vladimir Dyakonov
- Experimental Physics 6 University of Würzburg Würzburg 97074 Germany
| | - Leonid V. Kulik
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
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37
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A minimized fluorescent chemosensor array utilizing carboxylate-attached polythiophenes on a chip for metal ions detection. Front Chem Sci Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-021-2037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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38
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Liang A, Wang K, Gao Y, Finkenauer BP, Zhu C, Jin L, Huang L, Dou L. Highly Efficient Halide Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes via Molecular Passivation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aihui Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Kang Wang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Yao Gao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Blake P. Finkenauer
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Linrui Jin
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA
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39
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Liang A, Wang K, Gao Y, Finkenauer BP, Zhu C, Jin L, Huang L, Dou L. Highly Efficient Halide Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes via Molecular Passivation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8337-8343. [PMID: 33497510 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aihui Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Kang Wang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Yao Gao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Blake P. Finkenauer
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Linrui Jin
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA
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40
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Albano G, Aronica LA, Minotto A, Cacialli F, Di Bari L. Chiral Oligothiophenes with Remarkable Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Electroluminescence in Thin Films. Chemistry 2020; 26:16622-16627. [PMID: 32965707 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the first observation of circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) in thin films of self-organized oligothiophenes. Four new 1,4-phenylene and 9H-carbazole-based oligothiophenes were ad hoc designed to ensure efficient spontaneous formation of chiral supramolecular order. They were easily synthesized and their chiroptical properties in thin films were measured. Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectra revealed glum in the order of 10-2 on a wide wavelengths range, originating from their self-organized chiral supramolecular organization. These molecules have reasonable properties as organic semiconductors and for this reason they can constitute the active layer of circularly-polarized organic light-emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs). Thus, we could investigate directly their electroluminescence (EL) and CPEL, without resorting to blends, but rather in a simple multilayer device with basic architecture. This is the first example of a CP-OLED with active layer made only of a small organic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Present address: Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Edoardo Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Antonella Aronica
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Minotto
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and London Centre, for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Franco Cacialli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and London Centre, for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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41
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Sabek HAZ, Alazaly AMM, Salah D, Abdel-Samad HS, Ismail MA, Abdel-Shafi AA. Photophysical properties and fluorosolvatochromism of D-π-A thiophene based derivatives. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43459-43471. [PMID: 35519720 PMCID: PMC9058427 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08433f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Solvation-dependent photophysical properties of two push-pull thiophene-based compounds with donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) structures were investigated using absorption, fluorescence emission and time resolved spectroscopy, and supported by different solvation models. Intramolecular charge transfer characteristics of the structurally similar 2-fluoro-4-(5-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzonitrile (MOT) and 4-(5-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile (DMAT) were investigated. Significant enhancement of intramolecular charge transfer strength has been observed through molecular structure modification of the electron donating group from a methoxy to dimethylamine group. Ground state absorption spectra show a small red shift of about 10 nm and 18 nm while the fluorescence emission spectra show a large red shift of about 66 nm and 162 nm on changing from the nonpolar cyclohexane to the aprotic polar DMSO for MOT and DMAT, respectively. Dipole moment change from the ground state to the charge transfer excited state is calculated to be 6.6 D in MOT and 9.0 D in DMAT. The fluorescence quantum yield, fluorescence lifetime and the derived radiative and non-radiative rate constants were found to be better correlated to the emission energy rather than any of the solvent properties. Three multi-parametric relationships were used in the interpretation of the specific versus non-specific solute-solvent interactions, namely, Kamlet-Taft, Catalán and Laurence et al. models. The findings of these approaches are used to extract useful information about different aspects of solvent effects on the photophysical properties of the two studied compounds. Kamlet-Taft solvatochromic model indicates that non-specific interactions are dominant in controlling the photophysical properties. Catalán's solvent dipolarity/polarizability parameter is found to play a significant role in solvatochromic behaviour which is also designated by the Laurence model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain A Z Sabek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt +201097998330
| | - Ahmed M M Alazaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt +201097998330
| | - Dina Salah
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Hesham S Abdel-Samad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt +201097998330
| | - Mohamed A Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Ayman A Abdel-Shafi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt +201097998330
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42
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Zangoli M, Di Maria F. Synthesis, characterization, and biological applications of semiconducting polythiophene‐based nanoparticles. VIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Zangoli
- Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche CNR‐ISOF and Mediteknology srl Bologna Italy
| | - Francesca Di Maria
- Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche CNR‐ISOF and Mediteknology srl Bologna Italy
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43
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Guijarro FG, Medina Rivero S, Gunasekaran S, Arretxea I, Ponce Ortiz R, Caballero R, de la Cruz P, Langa F, Venkataraman L, Casado J. Synthesis and electronic properties of pyridine end-capped cyclopentadithiophene-vinylene oligomers. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41264-41271. [PMID: 35516533 PMCID: PMC9057865 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08220a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of four oligomers of cyclopentadithiophene-vinylenes end capped with pyridine groups was prepared and their optical and electronic properties studied. Treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) leads to the bisprotonation of the nitrogens of the pyridine, which has an important impact on the optical properties. Excess treatment with TFA provokes the oxidation of the conjugated core, generating radical cations and dications. The ease of the TFA treatment in solution was extended to protonation in the solid-state where further characterization of the neutral and TFA-treated samples was carried out in electrically active substrates in organic field-effect transistors. Finally, the new molecules were found to be excellent conductors in single-molecule junctions thanks to strong electron delocalization and resonance orbital mediated transport. These studies show the opening of a spectrum of possibilities by suitable terminal substitution of π-cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando G Guijarro
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Toledo Spain
| | - Samara Medina Rivero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga Campus de Teatinos s/n 229071 Malaga Spain
| | | | - Iratxe Arretxea
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga Campus de Teatinos s/n 229071 Malaga Spain
| | - Rocío Ponce Ortiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga Campus de Teatinos s/n 229071 Malaga Spain
| | - Rubén Caballero
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Toledo Spain
| | - Pilar de la Cruz
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Toledo Spain
| | - Fernando Langa
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Toledo Spain
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York 10027 USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University New York 10027 USA
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga Campus de Teatinos s/n 229071 Malaga Spain
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44
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Karak P, Chakrabarti S. The influence of spin-orbit coupling, Duschinsky rotation and displacement vector on the rate of intersystem crossing of benzophenone and its fused analog fluorenone: a time dependent correlation function based approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:24399-24409. [PMID: 33084682 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04713a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To understand the effect of structural rigidity or flexibility on the intersystem crossing rate, herein we have adopted a time dependent correlation function based approach, an appropriate method for a harmonic oscillator under Condon approximation. Following this technique, we have developed generalized codes for calculating the rate of intersystem crossing (ISC) both at 0 K and at finite temperature. Since the rate of ISC is a measurable quantity, we have separated the real and imaginary parts of the complex correlation function carefully and eliminated the imaginary part by exploiting the odd nature of this function. Using this simplified method, we have calculated the ISC rate constant (kISC) of two molecules, namely, benzophenone and its fused analog, fluorenone. The calculations clearly elucidate that kISC of benzophenone is 103 times larger compared to that of fluorenone. Interestingly, our analyses reveal that the combined effect of spin-orbit coupling and the number of normal modes could increase the rate of ISC of benzophenone by three orders in comparison to that of fluorenone. Furthermore, the Duschinsky rotation matrix (J) and displacement vectors (D) could influence the rate of ISC by one order each, indicating that the overall rate of ISC of benzophenone could have been 105 times higher than that of fluorenone if the latter two factors, namely, J and D have practically no impact on the rate of ISC of fluorenone. However, it has been found that albeit J can't alter the rate of ISC of fluorenone, D indeed can change the rate by two orders, thereby keeping the overall ratio of the rate of ISC of benzophenone and fluorenone as 103. The present study elucidates that none of the above mentioned factors alone can explain the relative rate of ISC of the studied systems; rather a complex interplay between all these factors makes the rate of ISC of benzophenone 103 times higher than that of fluorenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijush Karak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C Road, Kolkata - 700009, West Bengal, India.
| | - Swapan Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C Road, Kolkata - 700009, West Bengal, India.
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Wang S, Shaw J, Han Y, Fei Z, Glöcklhofer F, Heeney M. Multibranched aliphatic side chains for π-conjugated polymers with a high density of 'unshielded' aromatics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12138-12141. [PMID: 32914790 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04967k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of strongly solubilising multibranched aliphatic side chains for π-conjugated polymers is reported. The solubilising capability of the side chains and their effect on the polymer properties are studied on the example of copolymers composed of up to six unsubstituted, 'unshielded' thiophene units per side chain-substituted naphthalene diimide unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Jessica Shaw
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhuping Fei
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Florian Glöcklhofer
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
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46
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Dong B, Shi T, Lu Y. Multicolor conjugated polymers containing thiophene/indole moieties and the influence of structures on their photophysical properties. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Paixão DB, Rampon DS, Salles HD, Soares EGO, Bilheri FN, Schneider PH. Trithiocarbonate Anion as a Sulfur Source for the Synthesis of 2,5-Disubstituted Thiophenes and 2-Substituted Benzo[b]thiophenes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12922-12934. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B. Paixão
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel S. Rampon
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Catálise (LAPOCA), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), P.O. Box 19061, 81531-990, Curitiba, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Helena D. Salles
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo G. O. Soares
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Filipe N. Bilheri
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo H. Schneider
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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48
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Tani F, Narita M, Murafuji T. Helicene Radicals: Molecules Bearing a Combination of Helical Chirality and Unpaired Electron Spin. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2093-2104. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumito Tani
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Masahiro Narita
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Toshihiro Murafuji
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi 753-8512 Japan
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49
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Evenson SJ, Mulholland ME, Anderson TE, Rasmussen SC. Minimizing Polymer Band Gap via Donor‐Acceptor Frameworks: Poly(dithieno[3,2‐
b
:2′,3′‐
d
]pyrrole‐
alt
‐thieno[3,4‐
b
]pyrazine)s as Illustrative Examples of Challenges and Misconceptions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean J. Evenson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry North Dakota State University NDSU Dept. 2735, P.O. Box 6050 Fargo ND 58108-6050 USA
| | - Michael E. Mulholland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry North Dakota State University NDSU Dept. 2735, P.O. Box 6050 Fargo ND 58108-6050 USA
| | - Trent E. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry North Dakota State University NDSU Dept. 2735, P.O. Box 6050 Fargo ND 58108-6050 USA
| | - Seth C. Rasmussen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry North Dakota State University NDSU Dept. 2735, P.O. Box 6050 Fargo ND 58108-6050 USA
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50
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Green JP, Dai H, Aniés F, Heeney M. Functional 4 H-Dithieno[3,2- b:2′,3′- d]pyrrole Derivatives in Base-Dopable Conjugated Polymers and Oligomers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Green
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Haojie Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Filip Aniés
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K
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