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Yuan B, Qian Z, Zhangc Z, Fu L, Pan S, Hao R, Zhao Y. A critical review on the technique and mechanism of microwave-based denitrification in flue gas. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 120:144-157. [PMID: 35623768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microwave radiation has received extensive attention due to its significant thermal and non-thermal effects, and the development of MW-based denitrification in flue gas has become one of the most promising methods to avoid the defects of ammonia escape, high temperature and cost in traditional SCR. This review introduces the thermal and non-thermal effects of microwaves and divides MW-based denitrification methods into MW reduction and oxidation denitrification, systematically summarizes these denitrification methods, including MW discharge reduction, MW-induced catalytic reduction using active carbon, molecular sieves, metal oxides (transition metals, perovskites, etc.), MW-induced oxidation denitrification with and without additional oxidant, and discusses their removal pathway and mechanism. Finally, several research prospects and directions regarding the development of microwave-based denitrification methods are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhen Qian
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
| | - Zili Zhangc
- Fujian Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian 350008, China
| | - Le Fu
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
| | - Shihang Pan
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
| | - Runlong Hao
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yi Zhao
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
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2
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Electrified Hydrogen Production from Methane for PEM Fuel Cells Feeding: A Review. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15103588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The greatest challenge of our times is to identify low cost and environmentally friendly alternative energy sources to fossil fuels. From this point of view, the decarbonization of industrial chemical processes is fundamental and the use of hydrogen as an energy vector, usable by fuel cells, is strategic. It is possible to tackle the decarbonization of industrial chemical processes with the electrification of systems. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the latest research on the electrification of endothermic industrial chemical processes aimed at the production of H2 from methane and its use for energy production through proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). In particular, two main electrification methods are examined, microwave heating (MW) and resistive heating (Joule), aimed at transferring heat directly on the surface of the catalyst. For cases, the catalyst formulation and reactor configuration were analyzed and compared. The key aspects of the use of H2 through PEM were also analyzed, highlighting the most used catalysts and their performance. With the information contained in this review, we want to give scientists and researchers the opportunity to compare, both in terms of reactor and energy efficiency, the different solutions proposed for the electrification of chemical processes available in the recent literature. In particular, through this review it is possible to identify the solutions that allow a possible scale-up of the electrified chemical process, imagining a distributed production of hydrogen and its consequent use with PEMs. As for PEMs, in the review it is possible to find interesting alternative solutions to platinum with the PGM (Platinum Group Metal) free-based catalysts, proposing the use of Fe or Co for PEM application.
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3
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Wei M, Xie P, Yong X, Li Y, Zhang C. Tuning the Catalytic Activity of Complex Metal Oxides Prepared by a One-Pot Method for NO Direct Decomposition. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Pingping Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Yong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yongdan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, P.O. Box 16100, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - Cuijuan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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4
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Xie P, Ji W, Li Y, Zhang C. NO direct decomposition: progress, challenges and opportunities. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The progress in catalyst R&D, challenges, and opportunities for NO direct decomposition are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Wenxue Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Yongdan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Cuijuan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
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5
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Omran M, Fabritius T, Heikkinen EP, Vuolio T, Yu Y, Chen G, Kacar Y. Microwave catalyzed carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide and zinc ferrite: effect of microwave energy on the reaction activation energy. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23959-23968. [PMID: 35517350 PMCID: PMC9055094 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04574h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, more attention has been paid to the use of microwave (MW) energy in accelerating chemical reactions. The effect of microwave energy on the reduction of zinc oxide and zinc ferrite was investigated. The results indicated that the temperatures required to initiate zinc oxide and zinc ferrite reduction under MW heating were 550 and 450 °C, respectively, while under conventional thermal (CT) heating, were 950 and 850 °C, respectively. Apparently, the MW reaction had a negative standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG) at a lower temperature (∼400 °C) when compared to the CT reaction. Additionally, the activation energy (E a) substantially decreased from 223.7 and 221.1 kJ mol-1 under CT heating to 64.8 and 32.9 kJ mol-1 under MW heating for Zn oxide and zinc ferrite, respectively. The enhancement in zinc reduction under MW energy was due to the rapid and bulk heating phenomena of MWs as well as the interactions occurring between the electromagnetic MW pattern and the molecules of heated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh Omran
- Process Metallurgy Research Group, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu Oulu Finland .,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Timo Fabritius
- Process Metallurgy Research Group, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Eetu-Pekka Heikkinen
- Process Metallurgy Research Group, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Tero Vuolio
- Process Metallurgy Research Group, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Yaowei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Guo Chen
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Energy Materials Chemistry, Yunnan Minzu University Kunming China
| | - Yilmaz Kacar
- Material Science and Engineering Dep., Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh USA
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6
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Petricci E, Cini E, Taddei M. Metal Catalysis with Microwaves in Organic Synthesis: a Personal Account. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Petricci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie; Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Siena; Via A. Moro, 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Elena Cini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie; Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Siena; Via A. Moro, 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Maurizio Taddei
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie; Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Siena; Via A. Moro, 2 53100 Siena Italy
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Zhu J, Xu W, Chen J, Gan Z, Wang X, Zhou J. Development of core–shell structured Mo 2C@BN as novel microwave catalysts for highly effective direct decomposition of H 2S into H 2 and S at low temperature. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01145b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Direct decomposition of hydrogen sulfide is an attractive approach for producing COx-free H2 and S from a toxic and abundant waste gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- P.R.China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- P.R.China
| | - Jianan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- P.R.China
| | - Zhaowang Gan
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- P.R.China
| | - Xianyou Wang
- National Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation
- School of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan
- P.R.China
| | - Jicheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- P.R.China
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Zhou J, You Z, Xu W, Su Z, Qiu Y, Gao L, Yin C, Lan L. Microwave irradiation directly excites semiconductor catalyst to produce electric current or electron-holes pairs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5470. [PMID: 30940891 PMCID: PMC6445116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, photon of Microwave (MW) electromagnetic waves have long been thought to be lower energy, which could not excite metals or semiconductor materials to generate electric current and electron-holes pairs (e−cb + h+vb). In this paper, we report an unexpected, Microwave “photoelectric effect”, when MW irradiates on the semiconductor materials, leading to generate electric current and electron-holes pairs (e−cb + h+vb), on the semiconductor materials and on the MW catalyst. Further, we show that the action mechanism of Microwave “photoelectric effect” made water adsorbing on the surface of Microwave catalyst transform into hydroxyl radical (∙OH). Thus, this study has revealed the principle of generation Microwave “photoelectric effect” under MW irradiation, and the mechanism of MW catalytic oxidation degradation of organic in the wastewater and the mechanism of MW reduction method for preparation of nano-particle metal supported catalysts. Our findings challenge the classic view of MW irradiation only as heating method, which cannot excite to produce electric current and electron-holes pairs (e−cb + h+vb). Our findings will open new field to use MW technology for MW catalytic oxidation degradation of organics in the wastewater, and for MW reduction method of metal supported catalysts preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan Province, PR China.
| | - Zhimin You
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Zhiming Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Lingfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Cheng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Lixin Lan
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan Province, PR China
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9
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Xu W, Chen J, Qiu Y, Peng W, Shi N, Zhou J. Highly efficient microwave catalytic oxidation degradation of 4-nitrophenol over magnetically separable NiCo2O4-Bi2O2CO3 composite without adding oxidant. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Xu W, Wang Q, Peng K, Chen F, Han X, Wang X, Zhou J. Development of MgCo2O4–BaCO3 composites as microwave catalysts for the highly effective direct decomposition of NO under excess O2 at a low temperature. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00797k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic NO decomposition reaction is a hot research topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- P.R.China
| | - Qige Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- P.R.China
| | - Kang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- P.R.China
| | - Fengtao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- P.R.China
| | - Xue Han
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- P.R.China
| | - Xianyou Wang
- National Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation
- School of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan
- 411105 China
| | - Jicheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- P.R.China
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12
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A new type of power energy for accelerating chemical reactions: the nature of a microwave-driving force for accelerating chemical reactions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25149. [PMID: 27118640 PMCID: PMC4846869 DOI: 10.1038/srep25149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of microwave (MW) irradiation to increase the rate of chemical reactions has attracted much attention recently in nearly all fields of chemistry due to substantial enhancements in reaction rates. However, the intrinsic nature of the effects of MW irradiation on chemical reactions remains unclear. Herein, the highly effective conversion of NO and decomposition of H2S via MW catalysis were investigated. The temperature was decreased by several hundred degrees centigrade. Moreover, the apparent activation energy (Ea’) decreased substantially under MW irradiation. Importantly, for the first time, a model of the interactions between microwave electromagnetic waves and molecules is proposed to elucidate the intrinsic reason for the reduction in the Ea’ under MW irradiation, and a formula for the quantitative estimation of the decrease in the Ea’ was determined. MW irradiation energy was partially transformed to reduce the Ea’, and MW irradiation is a new type of power energy for speeding up chemical reactions. The effect of MW irradiation on chemical reactions was determined. Our findings challenge both the classical view of MW irradiation as only a heating method and the controversial MW non-thermal effect and open a promising avenue for the development of novel MW catalytic reaction technology.
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Xu W, Zhou J, Su Z, Ou Y, You Z. Microwave catalytic effect: a new exact reason for microwave-driven heterogeneous gas-phase catalytic reactions. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01802a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The microwave catalytic effect (lowering of activation energy) under microwave irradiation results in NO conversion exceeding that realized through conventional heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- PR China
| | - Jicheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- PR China
| | - Zhiming Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- PR China
| | - Yingpiao Ou
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- PR China
| | - Zhimin You
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- PR China
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14
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Xu W, Cai J, Zhou J, Ou Y, Long W, You Z, Luo Y. Highly Effective Direct Decomposition of Nitric Oxide by Microwave Catalysis over BaMeO3
(Me=Mn, Co, Fe) Mixed Oxides at Low Temperature under Excess Oxygen. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province; School of Chemical Engineering; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
| | - Jinjun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province; School of Chemical Engineering; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
| | - Jicheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province; School of Chemical Engineering; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
| | - Yingpiao Ou
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province; School of Chemical Engineering; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
| | - Wei Long
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province; School of Chemical Engineering; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
| | - Zhimin You
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province; School of Chemical Engineering; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
| | - Yushang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province; School of Chemical Engineering; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
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